Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| studies on the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of fluids from local foodstuffs in the prevention and management of dehydration caused by diarrhoea in children. | two fluids derived from local staple food, manioc salt solution (mss) and pap salt solution (pss) were assessed and compared with the world health organization/oral rehydration solution (who/ors) in 333 children aged between 6 and 60 months in a clinical trial. all the children had some dehydration after episodes of acute watery diarrhoea using who criteria. all the children who were placed on mss and pss, as well as ors were satisfactorily rehydrated. there was no significant difference in pre- ... | 1994 | 7853442 |
| investigation of the active site of the cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava). i. evidence for an essential carboxylate and a reactive histidine residue in a single catalytic center. | the broad-specificity cyanogenic beta-d-glucosidase (beta-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21) (linamarase) from manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) was kinetically characterized in mixed substrate systems and with the transition-state analogue glucono(1-5)lactone and a series of 1-thio substrate analogues. the results indicate a common catalytic and a common sugar binding site in the enzyme for all of the investigated substrates. kinetic parameters of the hydrolysis of linamarin and p-nitrop ... | 1994 | 7944386 |
| purification, characterization, and cloning of alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl, acetone cyanohydrin lyase, ec 4.1.2.37) was purified to homogeneity from young leaves of the cyanogenic tropical crop plant cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the purified protein is a homo-trimer with a subunit relative molecular mass of 28,500 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the active protein is not glycosylated and does not contain a flavin group. hnl exhibits complex kinetics which vary according to substrate concentration and ... | 1994 | 8203915 |
| nutritional characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration and acidic thermocoagulation. | some nutritional characteristics of cassava (manihot esculenta) leaf protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration were compared with that obtained by acidic thermocoagulation. protein concentrates did not show noticeable differences in their proximal composition and amino acids content. however, higher values of total carotene, available lysine, and in vitro digestibility were found, in contrast with less content of total cyanide in protein concentrates obtained by ultrafiltration. protein e ... | 1994 | 7971777 |
| notes on nambiquara demography. | total population, fertility, and differential mortality are described for the nambiquara of western mato grosso, brazil. the nambiquara are hunters and subsistence farmers of maize and manioc. communities are scattered clusters of 30 individuals, led by political "brothers." dravidian kinship and cross-cousin marriages predominate in exogamous marriages. western contact occurred after 1910 with the arrival of the telegraph line. missionary contact was during the 1920s, and claude levi-strauss vi ... | 1994 | 12319068 |
| what is a population? spouse import in the northwest amazon. | in northwest amazon societies, diverse groups marry across linguistic and geographic barriers: kinship and kin proximity occur according to cultural rules, and kinship, language, and residence may not be equated with genetic relatedness, as previously postulated. the assumption of genetic relatedness and random mating within a prescribed geographic zone or linguistic unit does not always hold true. models should be based on cultural determinants of population dynamics that are more sensitive to ... | 1994 | 12319063 |
| sensory and physical properties of a reduced-calorie frozen dessert system made with milk fat and sucrose substitutes. | effects of milk fat and sucrose substitutes on selected physical and sensory properties of a frozen dessert system were evaluated by sensory and instrumental methods. analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in textural attributes between sucrose and polydextrose-aspartame in freshly prepared frozen desserts and few differences after storage (140 d). polydextroseaspartame effectively compensated for functional properties that normally are conferred by sucrose and some that are co ... | 1994 | 8169278 |
| variability of chloroplast dna and nuclear ribosomal dna in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and its wild relatives. | chloroplast dna (cp) and nuclear ribosomal dna (rdna) variation was investigated in 45 accessions of cultivated and wild manihot species. ten independent mutations, 8 point mutations and 2 length mutations were identified, using eight restriction enzymes and 12 heterologous cpdna probes from mungbean. restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis defined nine distinct chloroplast types, three of which were found among the cultivated accessions and six among the wild species. cladistic analys ... | 1994 | 24178017 |
| [digestion, growth and body composition of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after feeding different starch varieties]. | maize starch (treatment i), pregelatinized maize starch (ii), wheat starch (iii), pregelatinized wheat starch (iv), potato starch (v) or manioc meal (vi) were mixed in portions of 41% (i-v) or 46.7% (vi) to a basal diet. each experimental diet was fed to 33 carp (cyprinus carpio l.) (three aquaria with 11 carp each) in a daily amount of 1.8-2.0% of live weight. the experiment lasted 118 days and the carp had a mean live weight of 146 g at the beginning. the diets i-iv had a similar, high energy ... | 1993 | 8517771 |
| culture conditions for yellow pigment formation bymonascus sp. kb 10 grown on cassava medium. | an isolate ofmonascus, from a commercial, fermented soybean curd (sufu) was grown on a cassava medium. with medium at an initial ph of 7.0 an orange-red pigmentation was produced but with an initial ph below 4, a light golden pigment was obtained. a medium containing, w/v, 3% cassava starch, 0.4% peptone and 0.1% glutamic acid, with an initial ph of 2.5 was optimal for the production of this yellow pigment, which had a single maximum absorption spectrum at 330 nm. the spectroscopic characterizat ... | 1993 | 24419847 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding granule-bound starch synthase in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and its antisense expression in potato. | a tuber-specific cdna library of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) was constructed and a full-length cdna for granule-bound starch synthase (gbss, also known as waxy protein), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose in reserve starch, was cloned. sequencing of the cloned cdna showed that it has 74% identity with potato gbss and 60-72% identity with gbss from other plant species. the cdna encodes a 608 amino acid protein of which 78 amino acids form a chloroplast/amyloplast transit p ... | 1993 | 8260633 |
| novel characteristics of cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, a reputed c3-c 4 intermediate photosynthesis species. | the cassava plant, manihot esculenta, grows exceptionally well in low fertility and drought prone environments, but the mechanisms that allow this growth are unknown. earlier, and sometimes contradictory, work speculated about the presence of a c4-type photosynthesis in cassava leaves. in the present work we found no evidence for a c4 metabolism in mature attached cassava leaves as indicated i) by the low, 2 to 8%, incorporation of (14)co2 into c4 organic acids in short time periods, 10 s, and t ... | 1993 | 24317831 |
| toward the construction of a molecular map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz): comparison of restriction enzymes and probe sources in detecting rflps. | the construction of a detailed genetic map of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), classified as a tetraploid species, depends on the ability of cloned sequences to detect polymorphisms. as a first step in developing this map, 200 cloned nuclear sequences generated with different restriction enzymes were hybridized to total digested dna from eleven cultivated lines and one wild manihot species, m. aesculifolia. polymorphism was detected less frequently with both bamhi and ecori genomic probes tha ... | 1993 | 7765314 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris. | clinical identification of tapioca melanoma of the iris is important because its medical treatment may differ from that of other malignant iris melanomas. the characteristic iris nodules must be differentiated from granulomatous uveitis, metastases, and lisch nodules (neurofibromatosis). we will discuss the anterior segment findings, secondary glaucoma, and fluorescein iris angiographic and histopathologic data from two patients, one with a single nodular type and one with a seeding type of tapi ... | 1993 | 8517592 |
| improvement of somatic embryogenesis and plant recovery in cassava. | methods for improving the efficiency of plant recovery from somatic embryos of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) were investigated by optimizing the maturation regime and incorporating a desiccation stage prior to inducing germination. somatic embryos were induced from young leaf lobes of in vitro grown shoots of cassava on murashige and skoog medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. after 15 to 20 days of culture on induction medium, the somatic embryos were transferred to a hormone free m ... | 1993 | 24197258 |
| improvements of cyclic somatic embryogenesis of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | in cassava a cyclic system of somatic embryogenesis was developed. primary (torpedo shaped or germinated) embryos, originating from leaf lobes, could only be obtained after culture on solid medium. cyclic embryos, originating from embryos, could be obtained in both liquid and on solid medium. the production of embryos in liquid medium was distinctly higher, faster and more synchronized than on solid medium. lower densities and fragmentation of starting embryos improved the production significant ... | 1993 | 24197025 |
| cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in the aetiology of kwashiorkor. | 1993 | 19094305 | |
| aids and agricultural production. report of a land utilization survey, masaka and rakai districts of uganda. | increased aids mortality and other preexisting conditions have contributed to agricultural productivity declines in the districts of masaka and rakai in uganda. these two districts were the most fertile in uganda and also had the highest hiv seroprevalence rates in africa. 66% of study households experienced land use decline to some extent over the past 5 years. the 11% decline in poultry production and 32% decline in cattle production was reportedly due to poor management and loss of grazing la ... | 1993 | 12319218 |
| dying for water. | in danchira village in ghana for the last 5 years, women and children rise before dawn every day to fetch water from a tributary or the river densu, which is 5 miles from the village. diminished rainfall has dried the village's 3 ponds and bore-hole where the women and children used to fetch water. to exacerbate the water problem, the ghana water and sewerage corporation no longer comes to fill the huge water tank it brought to danchira when water scarcity first occurred. the villagers could ... | 1993 | 12287019 |
| [local food mixtures for the treatment of protein-calorie malnutrition in the mondongo, zaire rural health center]. | protein-calorie malnutrition is found in environments characterized by ignorance, illiteracy, poverty, poor hygiene, and absence of food processing industries. at the mondongo rural health center in zaire, malnourished children are not rare, although they live in an environment rich in the foods necessary for growth and development. parents are poorly informed about the desirable age at weaning, the nutritional requirements of weaned infants, and appropriate diet and food preparation for weane ... | 1993 | 12287305 |
| serological relationships and epitope profiles of isolates of okra leaf curl geminivirus from africa and the middle east. | a panel of seven murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was raised against particles of okra leaf curl virus (olcv), a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus which is prevalent in west africa. the mabs detected at least six distinguishable epitopes, two continuous and four discontinuous. in tests with these mabs, relatively little antigenic variation was found among 24 olcv isolates from burkina faso, chad, ghana, ivory coast, nigeria, oman and saudi arabia, each virus isolate reacting with at least five ... | 1993 | 7506936 |
| cytosine methylation inhibits replication of african cassava mosaic virus by two distinct mechanisms. | extrachromosomally replicating viral dna is usually free of cytosine methylation and viral templates methylated in vitro are poor substrates when used in replication assays. we have investigated the mechanism of inhibition of viral replication by dna methylation using as a model the dna a of african cassava mosaic virus. we have constructed two component helper systems which allow for separation of the transcriptional inhibition of viral genes necessary for replication from replication inhibitio ... | 1993 | 7688453 |
| the nucleotide sequence and genome structure of mung bean yellow mosaic geminivirus. | complete nucleotide sequences of the infectious cloned dna components (dna 1 and dna 2) of mung bean yellow mosaic virus (mymv) were determined. mymv dna 1 and dna 2 consists of 2,723 and 2,675 nucleotides respectively. dna 1 and dna 2 have little sequence similarity except for a region of approximately 200 bases which is almost identical in the two molecules. analysis of open reading frames revealed nine potential coding regions for proteins of mol. wt. > 10,000, six in dna 1 and three in dna 2 ... | 1993 | 8231962 |
| nucleotide sequence evidence for the occurrence of three distinct whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in cassava. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the dna of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and a key part of that of a group b isolate of african cassava mosaic virus from malawi (acmv-m) were determined and compared at the nucleotide and encoded amino acid levels with the published sequences of an acmv group a isolate (acmv-k) and other whitefly-transmitted gemini-viruses (wtgs). the dna of icmv consists of two circular single-stranded molecules, dna-a [2815 nucleotides (nt)] and dna-b (2645 nt), which ... | 1993 | 8245859 |
| [an epidemiological survey to discover the probable places of infection with sleeping sickness in the central african republic]. | the sleeping sickness focus at nola-bilolo in the forest region was the subject of a survey of 142 patients in order to discover their probable places of infection. seventy of these patients had been detected by active case-finding during a survey conducted in january-february 1991; the other 12 had been discovered by passive case-finding during 1990. the sample of actively detected patients is significantly younger (average 22 +/- 3 years) than the sample detected passively (30 +/- 3 years). th ... | 1993 | 8261564 |
| comparative epidemiology of three tropical whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses. | spatial and temporal patterns of spread of african cassava mosaic, okra leaf curl and tobacco leaf curl viruses in west africa, east africa and india share some general characteristics. by comparing the results and running new analyses on available data, it is shown that the epidemiology of these viruses is controlled by the same key variables. for instance, spatial spread is characterised by strong border effects due to accumulation of whitefly vectors (bemisia tabaci) on the wind-exposed field ... | 1993 | 8268255 |
| replication of the dna a component of african cassava mosaic virus in a heterologous system. | the capacity for autonomous replication of the dna a of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), a member of the bipartite geminiviruses infecting dicotyledonous plants, has been compared in host and non-host cells. a derivative of the acmv dna a was transfected into tobacco and maize protoplasts. although acmv is not able to infect maize, replication of the dna a in maize protoplasts was observed to occur. the efficiency of replication was 10 to 20% of that seen in tobacco protoplasts. in both plan ... | 1993 | 8277277 |
| [malaria indices, larval ecology and trophic activity of anopheles mosquitoes in djohong (adamaoua, cameroon) in the rainy season]. | in djohong in the wet season the prevalence of malaria is 17.5% for plasmodium falciparum and 1.1% for plasmodium malariae. in children 2 to 9 years of age the plasmodic index is 38.6% (mesoendemicity) for the children of the peasants and 9.4% for those belonging to other socioeconomical groups. in infants less than 12 months old, the plasmodic index is 9.3%, this relatively high rate corresponding to the high transmission period of the rainy season. anopheles gambiae is the mosquito species mos ... | 1993 | 8289630 |
| relative preference for starch and sugar in rats. | when given a choice between fluids containing equal amounts of corn starch or glucose, fischer rats preferred the fluid containing starch when the fluids contained 0.5%, 1%, 5%, or 20% carbohydrate, but not when the fluids contained 10% carbohydrate. fischer rats preferred 0.5% sucrose over 0.5% starch on the first day of testing, but then switched to preferring starch. rats of the cd strain also preferred 0.5% starch over 0.5% sucrose or 0.5% glucose, but showed no reliable preference when offe ... | 1993 | 8295964 |
| pathological changes in growing dogs fed on a balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet. | studies were carried out to determine the effects of the toxic principle linamarin, a cyanogenic glucoside, in a diet containing cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in the form of gari fed to growing dogs for 14 weeks. there were three groups of dogs, each comprising six animals. one group was fed on a control diet with rice as the carbohydrate source, the second group was fed on cassava (gari) as the carbohydrate source and which was expected to release 10.8 mg hcn/kg cooked food, the third grou ... | 1993 | 8329365 |
| microdiffusion method with solid state detection of cyanogenic glycosides from cassava in human urine. | a method for quantitative determination of cyanogenic glycosides in human urine is described. it is based on enzymatic cleavage of the glycosides, microdiffusion of the hydrogen cyanide formed, solid state detection by colour formation on a picrate-impregnated sheet, and subsequent rating of the coloured spot by the absorption of transmitted light at 540 nm with a thin-layer (tlc) densitometer. the method has been tested using normal as well as pathological urines containing glucose, protein, le ... | 1993 | 8349206 |
| rapid production of full-length, infectious geminivirus clones by abutting primer pcr (abp-pcr). | the application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method of dna amplification for the isolation of full-length, infectious clones of geminiviruses is described. non-overlapping, abutting 20-mer oligonucleotide primers were used to produce a linear product from the circular geminivirus genomic template. clones of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dna a, obtained by this method, were infectious following mechanical inoculation (in the presence of acmv dna b) onto nicotiana benthamiana. norm ... | 1993 | 8360316 |
| specificity of bipartite geminivirus movement proteins. | pseudorecombinants produced by exchanging genome components (dnas a and b) of the geminiviruses african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv), acmv, and tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv), and tgmv and abutilon mosaic virus (abmv) are not infectious in their common host nicotiana benthamiana. in each case, dna a was unable to trans-replicate the heterogenomic dna b component in a n. benthamiana leaf disc assay. the non-viability of the pseudorecombinants has been expl ... | 1993 | 8372440 |
| characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion of canola meal and soybean meal in a high-energy diet for feedlot cattle. | four holstein steers (233 kg) with ruminal cannulas and "t" cannulas in the proximal duodenum were used in a 4 x 4 latin square experiment to evaluate characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion of a generic (cm-40, 40% cp) and a high-protein (cm-46, 46% cp) variety of canola meal (cm) compared with a conventional, solvent-extracted soybean meal (sbm). treatments consisted of an 80% concentrate diet that contained 20% tapioca (tp) or 20% of the respective test protein sources. supplemen ... | 1993 | 8385091 |
| glycemic response and lipemic index of rice, raggi and tapioca as compared to wheat diet in human. | carbohydrate rich diet, rice, raggi or tapioca given to individuals of both sexes for 15 days did not alter the glycemic response (after oral glucose loading) as compared to an isocaloric wheat basal back ground diet. however, plasma cholesterol profile was reduced significantly by raggi and tapioca. raggi reduced total serum cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 9% each, triglycerides by 15% and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol, showing a significant beneficial effec ... | 1993 | 8388856 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pepper huasteco virus: analysis and comparison with bipartite geminiviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of pepper huasteco geminivirus (phv) isolated in northern mexico was determined. the phv genome consists of two circular ssdna molecules of 2631 bases (phv a) and 2589 bases (phv b). phv has a genome organization typical of a bipartite geminivirus with four open reading frames (orfs) (ar1, al1, al2 and al3) in component a and two (br1 and bl1) in component b. an unexpected orf was found in the complementary sense strand of phv a. this orf, termed al5, is found en ... | 1993 | 8409944 |
| the epidemiology of iodine-deficiency disorders in relation to goitrogenic factors and thyroid-stimulating-hormone regulation. | in children aged 5-7 y from goiter-endemic areas in ubangi, zaire, and ntcheu, malawi, mean serum thyroxin (t4) concentrations were 53 +/- 49 vs 81 +/- 33 nmol/l (p < 0.05), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) values were 24.3 +/- 9.6 vs 4.5 +/- 3.3 mu/l respectively (p < 0.01); mean urinary iodine concentrations were 0.14 +/- 0.02 vs 0.09 +/- 0.02 mumol/l, and mean thiocyanate concentrations were 0.33 +/- 0.05 vs 0.17 +/- 0.05 nmol/l, respectively (p < 0.05). mean serum selenium concentration ... | 1993 | 8427202 |
| the effects of chronic cassava consumption, cyanide intoxication and protein malnutrition on glucose tolerance in growing rats. | intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed at 4-week intervals in groups of weanling rats before and after feeding with maize- or cassava-based diets with and without adequate protein and sublethal cyanide supplementation. weaning weights were doubled (increase of about 50 g) after 4 weeks on control (maize-based with adequate protein) and protein-replete diets. weight gain on the protein-deficient diets was much less (22 g or 50%), a pattern maintained by the rats on these diets unt ... | 1993 | 8457533 |
| effect of processing on the mycoflora and aflatoxin b1 level of a cassava-based product. | cassava bread was prepared by pre-gelling, battering and baking cassava flour to which were added, in moderate amounts, sugar, yeast solution and edible oil. baking was at 215 degrees c for 40 min. no mould was isolated from the cassava bread and the mean value of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) for the three subsamples of cassava bread was 0.03 microgram/kg. the cassava tuber (manihot esculenta crantz), which was used for the production of cassava bread had an initial afb1 level of 1.91 micrograms/kg and t ... | 1993 | 8506233 |
| detection and possible functions of african cassava mosaic virus dna b gene products. | polyclonal antisera raised against synthetic oligopeptides have been used to detect the dna b gene products bv1 and bc1 of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus following sds-page fractionation of nicotiana benthamiana extracts. bv1 antiserum detected a soluble protein of 29 kda, consistent with the size predicted from sequence data. bc1 antiserum detected proteins of 37, 39, and 42 kda in addition to variable, less abundant species, all of which are larger than the predicted size of 34 k ... | 1993 | 8517019 |
| food shortages and an epidemic of optic and peripheral neuropathy in cuba. | from late 1991 to mid-1993, cases of optic neuropathy of unknown etiology, which first appeared in unusual numbers in a western province of cuba, spread and multiplied throughout the island. the dominant symptoms changed, becoming increasingly those of peripheral neuropathy. incidence rates peaked in april 1993. an estimated 50,000 cases were reported. the majority were adult men and women (aged about 25-65), with comparatively few children or elderly people being affected. the cause has yet to ... | 1993 | 8108040 |
| utilisation of dried caged-hen manure and cassava peels for intensive sheep production. | twenty grower ewes with an average weight of 14.3 +/- 3.7 kg were allotted to 5 dietary treatments. the diets contained 0, 13, 25, 35 and 45% dried caged-hen manure which replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively of the conventional protein supplements. the animals were fed 55.0 g/w0.75 kg/day of the concentrate food during a 104 days growth study. air dried cassava peels and water were also provided ad libitum. the differences in average total dry matter intake were not statistically signif ... | 1993 | 8109058 |
| effect of cassava bread supplementation on energy intake of rats. | the effect of supplementing semi-purified diet of rats with milled cassava bread was investigated. total food intake and weight gain were measured in ad libitum and pair fed animals. plasma triglyceride levels were determined at the beginning and end of the experimental period. cassava bread supplementation did not increase total food intake of the animals therefore resulted in a lower food efficiency ratio (fer) of the diet when animals were fed ad libitum. when the animals were pair fed, fer w ... | 1993 | 8779623 |
| [biomass production enriched in intracellular methionine by a mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae]. | according with fao reported data the methionine intracellular content in saccharomyces cerevisiae is higher than another yeast. for increasing the yeast methionine internal concentration three s. cerevisiae mutant strains were chosen (m2, m4 y m9), obtained by ethionine (0.1 mg/ml) and norleucine (0.33 mg/ml) resistance by gonzález miliani (personal communication). the resistance levels in culture were modified until selection of a mutant lf-m9 etr norr, which shows resistance to ethionine (6 mg ... | 1993 | 7483968 |
| worldwide production of high-fructose syrup and crystalline fructose. | high-fructose syrups (hfs) are now manufactured and used in many countries throughout the world. they are produced from a variety of starch raw materials including corn, rice, tapioca, wheat, cassava, and sugar beet pulp. production of hfs is highly dependent on local sucrose and economics of agricultural raw materials. hfs is produced and consumed in the largest quantity in the united states by using corn starch as the raw material. eastern europe, the former soviet union, and asia are major gr ... | 1993 | 8213604 |
| asean. | asean is a group of counties encompassing 3 million sq. km with 333 million inhabitants, of whom approximately 65% are literate. the group was formed august 8, 1967, and includes brunei, indonesia, malaysia, the philippines, singapore, and thailand. malay, indonesian, filipino, thai, chinese, and english are spoken by malay, thai, chinese, indian, and other ethnic groups who variously are of the islamic, buddhist, christian, taoist, and hindu faiths. life expectancy is approximately 85 years, wi ... | 1992 | 12178041 |
| cloning, partial sequencing and expression of a cdna coding for branching enzyme in cassava. | branching enzyme is involved in the synthesis of amylopectin in plant reserve starch. a cdna coding for cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) branching enzyme was cloned from a lambda gt11 cdna library using a potato cdna probe. the cloned cdna was partially sequenced. the sequence data confirmed the identity of the clone when compared to that of potato, the homology being ca. 80% at the nucleotide level and 85% at the amino acid level. furthermore, the cloned cassava cdna was able to restore branc ... | 1992 | 1281436 |
| a monkey model for mucoid vasculopathy. | mucoid vasculopathy is a new vascular entity observed by the author in autopsy material in kerala, a southwest coastal state of tropical india. this non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory connective tissue disorder affects mainly arteries, veins, vasa-nervosum and fascial tissues. characteristically, there are large deposits of acid mucopolysaccharide (glycosaminoglycan) material in the intima and media of arteries, accompanied by hyperplastic changes in cellular elements of the vessel wall and d ... | 1992 | 1295931 |
| voluntary intake of "tiquira", an alcoholic beverage prepared from fermented manioc, decreases immunoglobulin production and increases self-reactivity in mice. | we studied the effects of chronic voluntary ingestion of "tiquira" (50%)--an alcoholic beverage prepared from fermented manioc, widely consumed in maranhão,--on the natural immunological activity of young adult (2-3 months old) c57b1/6j mice (16-17 g) by evaluating the number of plaque-forming cells (pfcs) in the spleen and by titrating serum antibodies by elisa. voluntary ingestion of "tiquira" for 30 days decreased immunoglobulin secretion in serum (control: 1600 +/- 30 vs experimental: 193 +/ ... | 1992 | 1304941 |
| fumaric acid production from hydrolysates of starch-based substrates. | fumaric acid production by rhizopus arrhizus from commercial hydrolysates of corn starch (i.e. glucose molasses) was studied at different initial concentrations of glucose (s) and c:n ratios (r) by performing a 3(2) factorial experiment. by using the response surface methodology and statistical analysis, fumaric acid (yf) and mycelial biomass (yx) yields, as referred to the initial concentration of glucose and fumaric acid productivity (pf), were fitted to the only significant first-order effect ... | 1992 | 1368809 |
| iodine deficiency, other trace elements, and goitrogenic factors in the etiopathogeny of iodine deficiency disorders (idd). | severe goiter, cretinism, and the other iodine deficiency disorders (idd) have their main cause in the lack of availability of iodine from the soil linked to a severe limitation of food exchanges. apart from the degrees of severity of the iodine deficiency, the frequencies and symptomatologies of cretinism and the other idd are influenced by other goitrogenic factors and trace elements. thiocyanate overload originating from consumption of poorly detoxified cassava is such that this goitrogenic f ... | 1992 | 1375059 |
| chronic pancreatitis and diabetes. | chronic pancreatitis is defined by a persistent destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma replaced by fibrosis. the lesions generally start in the exocrine gland, islets being attacked later in the fibrosis. the two most frequent forms are: 1. chronic calcifying pancreatitis which is a pancreatic lithiasis responsible for more than 95% of chronic pancreatitis. in its most frequent form, calculi are built up of more than 98% calcium salts together with fibres of a degraded residue of lithostathine ... | 1992 | 1445167 |
| comparison of the effects of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) organic cyanide and inorganic cyanide on muscle and bone development in a nigerian breed of dog. | effects of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz)-borne organic cyanide and inorganic cyanide in the form of sodium cyanide on bone and muscle development were investigated in eighteen dogs of nigerian breed. after 16 weeks of stabilization in the laboratory from the time of purchase when the dogs were fed on the same diet, they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of six dogs each. the control group was fed on rice while the other two groups were fed on either cassava (gari) or rice ... | 1992 | 1445827 |
| histopathological changes in rat pancreas after fasting and cassava feeding. | histopathological changes in rat pancreas were induced by cyclic periods of experimental malnutrition or by cassava (manioc) feeding for 11 weeks. decline of body weight was correlated with decrease in testicular fat pad weight as a measure of body fat stores. a marked decrease in pancreatic weight in the cassava-fed group was correlated with shrinkage of acinar structures and degenerative features in exocrine pancreas. in the malnutrition group vacuolisation and loss of tissue architecture were ... | 1992 | 1457749 |
| rna-primed complementary-sense dna synthesis of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus. | the plant dna virus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) is believed to replicate by a rolling circle mechanism. to investigate complementary-sense dna (lagging strand) synthesis, we have analysed the heterogenous form of complementary-sense dna (h3 dna) from infected nicotiana benthamiana by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis and blot hybridisation. the presence of an rna moeity is demonstrated by comparison of results for nucleic acids resolved on neutral/alkaline and neutral/formamide ... | 1992 | 1475192 |
| cassava (ubi kayu) poisoning in children. | three sisters with cassava poisoning are described. a review of the toxic properties of cassava is presented together with discussion on the methods of its preparation, its adverse effects on man, its detoxification in the body, and the treatment of its poisoning. | 1992 | 1491651 |
| [the use of tapioca as coverage in viral titration]. | virus titration is an important step required on viral vaccines quality control. "plaque assay", which employs several types of overlay media, is usually used on viral titrations. in this paper we describe the use of tapioca as an overlay media. firstly, the toxicity of tapioca was tested on vero cells inoculated or not with the yellow fever virus (yf) 17dd vaccine strain. secondly, different batches of the 17dd virus using the tapioca and karaya gum as the overlay on vero cells were tested when ... | 1992 | 1492720 |
| effects of different rates of drying cassava root on its toxicity to broiler chicks. | 1. the effects of drying cassava root at different rates on its composition and toxicity to broiler chicks were examined. unpeeled roots from a high-cyanide cultivar of cassava were chipped and dried at 25 degrees c to a moisture content of below 100 g/kg over 24 h for fast-dried meal (fd) or 72 h for slow-dried meal (sd). the meals were incorporated at 250 and 500 g/kg into semi-synthetic diets which were fed to day-old broiler chicks as mash or pellets in separate experiments. 2. the two dryin ... | 1992 | 1493553 |
| [endemic goiter in the la kara region (togo). analysis of etiologic factors]. | among 6,035 people living in 3 villages from the area of la kara (togo), 984 randomized subjects were investigated to evaluate goiter prevalence and related etiologic factors. creatinine and thiocyanates (scn-) were measured in urine, thyroid hormones and tsh in plasma. iodine was evaluated in urine, water, salt, soil, millet and sorgho. the amount of cassava was evaluated in food. mean goiter prevalence was 32%, reaching to 45.9% in one village; urinary iodine remained in a low range (27.2 +/- ... | 1992 | 1504874 |
| the use of african cassava mosaic virus as a vector system for plants. | this paper describes the development of a gene-displacement vector based on dna1, one of two single stranded circular genomic components of a bipartite geminivirus, african cassava mosaic virus (acmv). the dna1 molecules of acmv were cloned as dimers into a plant transformation vector and the constructs have been integrated into tobacco protoplasts by peg-mediated dna transfer. in transgenic plants extrachromosomal copies of dna1 monomers could be detected. deletion of the coat protein-encoding ... | 1992 | 1537557 |
| inhibition of african cassava mosaic virus systemic infection by a movement protein from the related geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus. | plant viruses encode proteins that mediate their movement through the host plant leading to the establishment of a systemic infection. we have analyzed the effect of tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) genes bl1 and br1, which are thought to be involved in the process of virus movement, on the infectivity of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) in nicotiana benthamiana. recombinant genomes were constructed by replacing the acmv coat protein coding sequence with those of either bl1 or br1. replicati ... | 1992 | 1546454 |
| studies on weaning diets in nigeria: 2 protein sources. | protein isolates were extracted from melon, groundnut, and soybean cakes in an aqueous system that could potentially yield both oil and protein from oilseeds quantitatively. protein isolates obtained were 91.2, 78.6 and 79.5% of the total protein content of melon, groundnut and soybean cakes respectively. both cakes and isolates were assessed in a rat bioassay while breadfruit, cassava, and corn starch were also investigated as sources of carbohydrate. results showed that there were no significa ... | 1992 | 1574484 |
| regulation of the activities of african cassava mosaic virus promoters by the ac1, ac2, and ac3 gene products. | dna fragments comprising each of the promoter regions from the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) were cloned into the puc18-based vector, pg1, producing transcriptional fusions with the beta-glucuronidase gene (gus) and nopaline synthase terminator sequence. the relative activity of each promoter construct was analyzed by a gus expression assay of extracts from nicotiana clevelandii protoplasts coelectroporated with the gus reporter constructs and constructs in which individual acm ... | 1992 | 1585657 |
| a review of toxicity factors in some food and feedingstuffs in the nutrition of man and livestock in nigeria. | a review of the toxicity factors in some food and feedingstuffs in the nutrition of man and livestock in nigeria was conducted. the crops reviewed were cassava, cocoyam, guinea corn, cottonseed, soyabean, bambara, groundnut and cowpea. these crops provide cheap sources of carbohydrate and protein in the diets of humans and livestock. however, antinutritional factors inhibit their use. antinutritional or toxic factors associated with them are reviewed and means of detoxifying them for human and l ... | 1992 | 1621369 |
| evaluation of substrates and storage conditions for preparing and maintaining starter cultures for tempeh fermentation. | heat-pasteurized cassava root, cowpeas, partially defatted peanuts, rice and soybeans were evaluated for their suitability to support growth and sporulation of the tempeh mold, rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, and the oncom mold, neurospora intermedia, at 25, 30 and 37 degrees c. the molds grew best and sporulated most luxuriantly on cassava and rice incubated at 37 degrees c. viability of molds remained high for up to 30 weeks when dried (a(w) 0.48), powdered substrates on which the molds ... | 1992 | 1622761 |
| vasculopathic and cardiomyopathic changes induced by low-protein high-carbohydrate tapioca based diet in bonnet monkey. vasculopathic and cardiomyopathic changes in induced malnutrition. | mucoid vasculopathy is an entity characterized by a generalized mucopolysaccharidosis of blood vessels. it has been observed in patients from our institute. bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) were given low-protein normal-carbohydrate and low-protein high-carbohydrate tapioca based diets for experimental periods of 3 or 5 months. the latter diet is similar to that consumed by people from this part of india (kerala) where mucoid vasculopathy is observed. vascular lesions were seen in all test animal ... | 1992 | 1627329 |
| purification and properties of a maltotetraose- and maltotriose-producing amylase from chloroflexus aurantiacus. | a maltotetraose- and maltotriose-producing amylase which is stable at alkaline phs and high temperatures was detected in the culture filtrate of a strain of chloroflexus aurantiacus j-10-f1, a thermophilic, green, photosynthetic bacterium. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity, as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, by means of ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and deae-cellulose, hydroxyapatite, and high-performance liquid chromatographies. ... | 1992 | 16348751 |
| quality control of food products purchased by the national school-feeding programme in pernambuco, northeast brazil, from 1985 to 1988. | the effectiveness of the quality control system (qcs) implemented by the fundação de assistência ao escolar (fae) for quality control of food products from different types and origins purchased by the national school-feeding programme (nsfp) in pernambuco, northeast brazil, was evaluated. physicochemical, microbiological, microscopical and organopetical analyses were performed in 4,860 food samples and the main causes of alterations were detected. perishability was the characteristic used for di ... | 1992 | 1342181 |
| an optimized protocol for the production of high purity maltose. | an economical protocol, which is simple, rapid and reproducible for the production of maltose by enzymatic hydrolysis of tapioca starch, has been optimized. the protocol involves liquefaction of 35% (w/w) tapioca starch by bacterial α-amylase at 78±2°c to 3 to 5% (w/w) reducing sugars, followed by maximal (85±3% w/w maltose equivalent) saccharification with barley β-amylase and pullulanase at 50°c for 24 to 30 h. the post-saccharification recovery protocol comprised decolourization by charcoal, ... | 1992 | 24425521 |
| a molecular and biochemical analysis of the structure of the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) from cassava (manihot esculenta cranz). | the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) of cassava is responsible for the first step in the sequential break-down of two related cyanoglucosides. hydrolysis of these cyanoglucosides occurs following tissue damage and leads to the production of hydrocyanic acid. this mechanism is widely regarded as a defense mechanism against predation. a linamarase cdna clone (pcas5) was isolated from a cotyledon cdna library using a white clover beta-glucosidase heterologous probe. the nucleotide and deriv ... | 1992 | 1586156 |
| the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in seedlings of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | a microsomal system catalyzing the in vitro synthesis of the aglycones of the two cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin has been isolated from young etiolated seedlings of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). a prerequisite to obtain active preparations is the complete removal of the endosperm pellicle covering the cotyledons before seedling homogenization. the rates of conversion of the parent amino acids valine and isoleucine to their cyanohydrins are 19 and 6 nmol/h/mg protein, resp ... | 1992 | 1727632 |
| new interpretations in rhinosporidiosis, enigmatic disease of the last nine decades. | fungal etiology is widely quoted for the disease rhinosporidiosis. identity of the fungal sporangium and its relationship with the disease have baffled medical scientists and mycologists for several decades. this study provides unequivocal evidence against involvement of fungus in rhinosporidiosis. the so-called sporangium is found to be a unique body containing residue-loaded lysosomal bodies ('spores') for elimination from the system. 'sporangia' have been redesignated nodular bodies (nb) and ... | 1992 | 1617607 |
| socioeconomic, social behaviour and dietary patterns among malaysian aborigines and rural native malays. | the socioeconomic, social behaviour and dietary pattern of 100 aborigines and malays, aged 7 years and above from kuala pangsoon, selangor malaysia were studied by using pretested questionnaires. the individual's dietary intake was estimated using 24 hour recall for 3 days within one week which was chosen at random. the household's food consumption pattern was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires. there was no difference in the total income per month for both communities, as well as the ... | 1991 | 1839916 |
| tropical soil fertility changes under monocultures and successional communities of different structure. | for 5 yr we monitored the fertility of a volcanic-ash derived inceptisol at a site in the humid tropics of costa rica. after forest felling and burning, we established four treatments in a randomized block design with six blocks: a sequence of monocultures (two crops of maize [zea mays] followed by cassava [manihot esculenta], then the tree species cordia alliodora), successional vegetation, a mimic of successional vegetation that was physiognomically similar to the model but shared no species w ... | 1991 | 27755770 |
| hormonal and biochemical patterns in subjects from a new endemic goiter area in the central african republic. | hormonal serum patterns of 268 subjects, living in rural villages and in the chief town of the ouham province (bocaranga), were studied to accomplish a survey in this endemic goiter area of the central african republic (car). circulating tsh, tt3, tt4, ft4, rt3 and tg were determined in an accurately randomized population sample. urinary excretion of iodine and thiocyanate (scn) was also measured. the comparison of the mean values of such parameters with control values showed statistically signi ... | 1991 | 1726902 |
| influence of chronic sublethal cyanide on body weight in neonatal swine: implications for humans consuming cassava (manihot esculenta). | the consumption of cn- containing foods (particularly cassava) is pervasive among millions of humans throughout the tropics, yet very little is known about the long-term implications of this dietary pattern on growth. in this study liberian (west african) levels of dietary cyanide (cn- ) intakes were replicated in juvenile swine for 24 weeks to quantify the effects of specified, chronic, sublethal doses of this metabolic poison on body weight. twelve female and male littermates were partitioned ... | 1991 | 28520303 |
| isoelectric focusing of cassava protoplasts. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) protoplast was analyzed by using isoelectric focusing techniques. two populations, representing 68 and 32% of the total sample, with mean isoelectric points of 4.48 and 4.60, were obtained using mesophyll protoplasts. the use of this technique allows demonstration of a discontinuous distribution of protoplast isoelectric point from one species according to their surface potential. | 1991 | 16667975 |
| the toxic effects of cassava (manihot esculenta grantz) diets on humans: a review. | the toxic effects of cassava diets on humans were reviewed. some newspapers in nigeria have reported deaths associated with cassava meal consumption. the papers looked into the toxic factors in cassava, their causes, the resultant effects on humans, and the reasons why cassava diets became popular in nigeria. suggestions were made on how to process cassava to make it safe for human consumption. the reported deaths may have occurred due to improper processing. this may have left traces of hydroge ... | 1991 | 1650055 |
| digestibility of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet and its effect on growth in young male dogs. | experiments were carried out to study the digestibility of a cassava (gari) diet and its effect on growth in young male dogs. three groups of dogs were fed on diets with rice (control), cassava (gari), and rice + cyanide respectively as the carbohydrate source. each diet contained 130 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25)/kg, was supplemented with vitamins and minerals, and was fed for 14 weeks. variables measured were body-weight gain, bone growth, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) activity, ... | 1991 | 1662068 |
| cardiovascular effects in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) of a cassava-based protein-deficient diet. | bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) were maintained for up to 5 mo on protein-deficient diets that contained tapioca starch (cassava starch) as the source of carbohydrate. the animals developed mucopolysaccharidosis of blood vessels and cardiomyopathic changes in the heart. these changes were similar to the mucoid vasculopathy and cardiomyopathy seen in kerala where tapioca is consumed as a staple diet by a large proportion of the people. the lesions were enhanced by longer duration of feeling the d ... | 1991 | 1746130 |
| dietary exposure to aflatoxin in benin city, nigeria: a possible public health concern. | a total of 100 samples of various foods comprising of 10 samples each of garri (manihot utilis pohl), beans (phaseolus lunatus), yam flour (dioscorea rotundata), cassava flour (manihot esculentum), melon (citrulus lunatus), onion (allium cepa), rice (oryza sativa), plantain (musa paradisiaca), red pepper (capsicum annuum l., solanaceae) and eggs were screened for the presence of aflatoxins. fifty percent of yam flour; 40% of cassava flour; 30% of garri; 20% of beans and melon and 10% of rice yie ... | 1991 | 1777386 |
| comparative feeding value of tapioca pellets for feedlot cattle. | a feedlot growth-performance trial and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate the comparative feeding value of tapioca pellets (tp). in the growth-performance trial treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn (sfc)-based finishing diet in which a blend of 86% tp and 14% peanut meal replaced sfc at the rate of 0, 15, or 30% of diet dm. daily weight gain (p less than .10) and dm intake (p less than .01) were greatest when 15% of the diet dm consisted of tp. feed/gain increased linearly (p l ... | 1991 | 1808169 |
| [hormone profile of hypothyroidism in an area of the central african republic with endemic goiter]. | in the ouham region of centro african republic, one of the present authors (b.p.) described a severe goiter endemia due to marked iodine deficiency and high daily intake of manioc as staple food. in the present study serum tsh, t3 and t4 of 233 subjects were determined; 150 of them lived in rural villages (group 1) and 83 lived in bocaranga, chief town of the province (group 2). the blood samples done contemporaneously to the epidemiological survey, were strictly randomized in the population exa ... | 1991 | 1809307 |
| [thyroid hormone profiles in goitrous and non-goitrous subjects seen in an endemic goiter area of the central african republic]. | in the present study t3, t4, tsh serum concentrations were measured in 166 subjects whose goiter grading was ascertained according to who classification; 39 of them had no goiter (grading 0), 127 were goitrous with a grading comprised between 1a and 4. the two samples were composed by males and females of various ages whose choice was strictly predetermined by random numbers. the median ages of 127 goitrous and 39 non goitrous subjects were respectively 23.5 years and 33.5 years; 30 males and 5 ... | 1991 | 1809308 |
| community perceptions on diarrheal diseases: a case study in swampy lowland area of south sumatra, indonesia. the diarrheal diseases research and training study group. | four investigators conducted participative observation at 4 hamlets, representing 4 typical topography in the area, wet or dry near the river and wet or dry far from the river, in district rambutan, south sumatera province, indonesia from july 1988 up until february 1989 to study the community perception and practices on diarrheal diseases (dd). the observation was supported by focus group discussions and informal interviews. it was found that the causes of dd can be grouped into: dirty water; w ... | 1991 | 1852467 |
| whole blood cyanide levels of mainly dietary origin in a human population sample in port harcourt, nigeria. | whole blood cyanide levels in a human population sample of volunteers known to each gari-based meals at least once a day were determined. the most widely eaten cassava product in the area of research is gari. the mean blood cyanide obtained for healthy normal volunteers was 0.294 +/- 0.09 mumol/l while the value for sicklers was 0.398 +/- 0.008 mumol/l, indicating the possibility of reduced rate of metabolism and excretion of cyanide by sicklers as compared to non-sicklers. investigation of post ... | 1991 | 1852725 |
| african cassava mosaic virus di dna interferes with the replication of both genomic components. | natural infections of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) are known to be associated with low levels of defective interfering (di) dnas. recently it has been demonstrated that extrachromosomal copies of the di dna, mobilized and amplified from an integrated di dna dimer, can ameliorate acmv symptoms in transformed nicotiana benthamiana, providing a possible means for the control of cassava mosaic disease. to further understand the molecular basis of the interference phenomenon, w ... | 1991 | 1853559 |
| the effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model. 1. pancreas. | growing dogs were divided into three groups and were fed on a control (rice) diet, a diet in which cassava (manihot esculenta crantz; gari) was used as the carbohydrate source, and the rice diet to which cyanide (equivalent to that present in gari) was added. each group consumed its diet for 14 weeks, during which plasma thiocyanate concentration and plasma lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) activity were monitored. plasma free amino acids were determined from pooled samples taken at the end of the experimenta ... | 1991 | 1878356 |
| the effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model. 2. thyroid. | growing dogs were divided into three groups and were fed on nutritionally-balanced diets. control dogs were fed on a rice diet, the cassava (gari) group ate a diet in which gari provided the carbohydrate source, while the rice + cyanide group consumed the rice diet to which hydrocyanic acid (equivalent to that present in gari) was added. each group consumed its diet for 14 weeks, during which plasma thiocyanate concentration and total serum triiodothyronine (t3) were monitored. at the end of the ... | 1991 | 1878357 |
| tomato yellow leaf curl virus: a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus with a single genomic component. | the genome of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), a bemisia tabaci-transmitted geminivirus, was cloned. all clones obtained were of one genomic molecule, analogous to dna a of african cassava mosaic virus. nucleotide sequence analysis of the tylcv genome showed that it comprises 2787 nucleotides, encoding six open reading frames, two on the virion strand and four on the complementary strand. all of them have counterparts in other geminiviruses. dimeric copies of the cloned viral genome we ... | 1991 | 1926771 |
| analysis of the potential promoter sequences of african cassava mosaic virus by transient expression of the beta-glucuronidase gene. | dna fragments from promoter regions of the geminivirus, african cassava mosaic virus, were cloned into pg1, a vector based on puc18, producing transcriptional fusions with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene and nopaline synthase termination sequence. the activity of each promoter construct was assessed by analysing the transient expression of gus in nicotiana clevelandii protoplasts. the results demonstrated that constructs containing the common region of dna a showed much stronger promoter activ ... | 1991 | 1940874 |
| formulation of a flowable liquid concentrate of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 spores and crystals as mosquito larvicide. | bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 spores and crystals, produced in 51 fermenters, were centrifuged and resuspended in emulsified palm olein to give 3.2 x 10(11) colony forming units (cfu)/ml. the suspension was mixed with a cassava-molasses-palm olein-charcoal (cmpc-2) mixture which served as the carrier, adhesive, dispersant and protectant. the final concentration of the formulation was 3.2 x 10(9) cfu/ml. the lethal concentrations capable of killing 50% of the test population (lc50) of cmpc ... | 1991 | 1955414 |
| mutational analysis of complementary-sense genes of african cassava mosaic virus dna a. | we have investigated the ability of african cassava mosaic virus dna a mutants, containing disrupted complementary-sense genes, to infect nicotiana benthamiana and to replicate in nicotiana tabacum protoplasts. three overlapping open reading frames (orfs) with the capacity to encode proteins with an mr greater than 10k (ac1, ac2 and ac3) are highly conserved between geminiviruses that infect dicotyledonous plants and one (ac4) is less well conserved. of these, only ac1 is a prerequisite for dna ... | 1991 | 2033385 |
| dna forms of the geminivirus african cassava mosaic virus consistent with a rolling circle mechanism of replication. | we have analysed dna from african cassava mosaic virus (acmv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis and detected acmv-specific dnas by blot-hybridisation. acmv dna forms including the previously characterised single-stranded, open-circular, linear and supercoiled dnas along with five previously uncharacterised heterogeneous dnas (h1-h5) were resolved. the heterogeneous dnas were characterised by their chromatographic properties on bnd-cellulose and their a ... | 1991 | 2041773 |
| mutagenesis of the ac3 open reading frame of african cassava mosaic virus dna a reduces dna b replication and ameliorates disease symptoms. | small insertions were made independently at each of four unique restriction sites on african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) dna a to disrupt the three overlapping complementary-sense open reading frames (orfs) herein designated ac1, ac2 and ac3. the dna a mutants were assayed for their infectivity by agroinoculation of monomeric constructs to nicotiana benthamiana plants containing chromosomal insertions of acmv dna b. disruption of the ac3 orf alone resulted in a delay and amelioration of disease ... | 1991 | 2045787 |
| energy value of cassava for young swine. | a comparative slaughter experiment was conducted to determine the energy values of cassava chips for weanling pigs. a basal, highly fortified diet was fed to all pigs at 3% body weight daily. treatments consisted of the addition of cassava chips at 0, 1, and 2% of body weight daily. the apparent digestion coefficients (adc) for dry matter and energy increased but the adc for nitrogen decreased with the addition of cassava chips to the basal diet. digestible energy per gram decreased linearly and ... | 1991 | 2071498 |
| cassava starch effluent treatment with concomitant scp production. | yeasts and yeast-like organisms were chosen for the aerobic treatment of cassava starch factory effluent. a mixed culture of candida utills and endomycopsis fibuliger efficiently and rapidly utilized both starch and free sugars. after 28 h fermentation the protein content of the biomass was 22% (w/w), which remained unchanged during the remainder of the fermentation (60 h). this treatment removed 94% of the cod and 91% of the bod. | 1991 | 24424930 |
| transient gene expression in cassava using high-velocity microprojectiles. | the bacterial gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (gus) was transiently expressed in cassava leaves following the introduction of the gene by microparticle bombardment. the dna expression vector used to introduce the reporter gene is a puc 19 derivative and consisted of a camv 35s promoter (p35s), the gus coding region and 7s polyadenylation region. several other promoters and regulating sequences were tested for efficiency in cassava leaves. two derivatives of the p35s, one including a partial dup ... | 1991 | 1653061 |
| [ergosterol as a measure for fungal growth in feed. 2. ergosterol content of mixed feed components and mixed feed]. | ergosterol was determined as a chemical indicator of fungal biomass in commodities which were used for the production of mixed feeds. it was found in all samples of each of the following components (content in mg/kg dm): wheat (2.6 +/- 1.0), low grade wheat flour (fibre less than or equal to 3.5%) (17.3 +/- 9.1), wheat semolina bran (fibre less than or equal to 10%) (29.4 +/- 16.8), wheat bran (35.2 +/- 9.4), grain corn (1.0 +/- 0.6), corn gluten feed (7.8 +/- 3.0), corn gluten (10.3 +/- 5.0), m ... | 1990 | 2400324 |
| heat transfer simulation in solid substrate fermentation. | a mathematical model was developed and tested to simulate the generation and transfer of heat in solid substrate fermentation (ssf). the experimental studies were realized in a 1-l static bioreactor packed with cassava wet meal and inoculated with aspergillus niger. a simplified pseudohomogeneous monodimensional dynamic model was used for the energy balance. kinetic equations taking into account biomass formation (logistic), sugar consumption (with maintenance), and carbon dioxide formation were ... | 1990 | 18592581 |