Publications

defense responses in infected and elicited cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) hypocotyl segments exhibiting acquired resistance.	segments from dark-grown cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) hypocotyls were used to study defense reactions occurring upon fungal infection and induced by elicitors in the same tissue. the segments were rendered resistant to infection by colletotrichum lagenarium either by growing the seedlings in the presence of dichloroisonicotinic acid (dcia) or by preincubation of the cut segments with dcia, salicylic acid (sa), or 5-chlorosalicylic acid (5csa). this resistance appears to be due mainly to inhibit ...	1994	12232291
[content of nitrates and nitrites in early vegetables and potatoes sold in the marketplace of białystok in the year 1992].	nitrate and nitrite were determined in early vegetables and potatoes sold in białystok in 1992. the levels of nitrates and nitrites were determined in 248 samples. nitrate and nitrite were evaluated spectrophotometrically by the method of the griess reaction, after reduction of the nitrates to nitrites, with cadmium dust. high values of nitrate were found in the early vegetables: lettuce, young red beets, radishes, dills, parsley, carrots, cucumbers and potatoes. the results were higher than the ...	1994	7878349
comparison of the czech scrophularia isolate with the italian anagyris strain of scrophularia mottle virus.	scrophularia mottle virus (scmv) was newly found in the czech republic in scrophularia nodosa l. plants. the czech isolate (scmv-c) was serologically identical and similar in symptoms and host range to the italian anagyris strain (scmv-i). nicotiana tabacum l. cv. samsun, nicotiana glutinosa l., nicotiana tabacum l. cv. white burley, physalis floridana rybd. and cucumis sativus l. are described as new host plants of scmv. double-stranded rna patterns and the isoelectric point of this virus are c ...	1994	8067309
"erwinia nulandii" is a subjective synonym of erwinia persicinus.	the organism named "erwinia nulandii" was isolated in 1979 from bean seeds and was described in 1981, but the name was never validated. the results of biochemical tests and membrane protein profile and dna relatedness studies indicated that this name is synonymous with erwinia persicinus, a validly published name for a species previously isolated from, but not shown to be pathogenic for, tomatoes, bananas, and cucumbers. pathogenicity tests revealed that all e. persicinus strains, including an " ...	1994	8186091
spectral quality may be used to alter plant disease development in celss.	plants were grown under light emitting diode (led) arrays with different spectral qualities to determine the effects of light on the development of tomato mosaic virus (tomv) in peppers and powdery mildew on cucumbers. one led array supplied 100% of the photosynthetic photon flux (ppf) at 660 nm, a second array supplied 90% of the ppf at 660 nm and 10% at 735 nm, and a third array supplied 98% of the ppf at 660 nm with 2% in the blue region (380-500 nm) supplied by blue fluorescent lamps. contro ...	1994	11540212
phenotypic comparison between rhizosphere and clinical isolates of burkholderia cepacia.	the phenotypic characteristics of four burkholderia cepacia strains isolated from the rhizosphere and the clinical environment were compared. tests included optimum growth temperature, utilization of carbon sources, production of hcn, indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and siderophores, proteolytic activity, nitrogen fixation, inhibition of some phytopathogenic fungi, adherence to human mucosal and plant root epithelia, and greenhouse-based plant-growth promotion experiments using cucumber (cucumis sati ...	1994	7517765
cusativin, a new cytidine-specific ribonuclease accumulated in seeds of cucumis sativus l.	dry seeds of cucumis sativus l. were found to contain a heat-sensitive endoribonuclease of a novel type which we have named cusativin. it was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity by chromatography through s-sepharose fast flow, sephadex g-75, cm-sepharose, superdex 75-fplc (fast protein liquid chromatography) and mono s-fplc. it is a single unglycosylated polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular mass (m(r)) of 22900. polyclonal anti-cusativin antibodies raised in rabbits only rea ...	1994	7765423
evidence for domain structures of the trifunctional protein and the tetrafunctional protein acting in glyoxysomal fatty acid beta-oxidation.	in plant glyoxysomes, an enzyme activity responsible for a particular step in the fatty acid beta-oxidation is located on more than one protein species. various monofunctional enzymes and two forms of a multifunctional protein are involved in the degradation of cis-unsaturated fatty acids. delta 3, delta 2-enoyl-coa isomerase activity, previously found to be located on a monofunctional dimeric protein, is attributable to one form of the monomeric multifunctional protein (mfp). the presence or ab ...	1994	7813482
linkages among rflp, rapd, isozyme, disease-resistance, and morphological markers in narrow and wide crosses of cucumber.	a 58-point genetic map was constructed with rflp, rapd, isozyme, morphological, and disease-resistance markers spanning 766 cm on ten linkage groups for a cross within the cultivated cucumber (cucumis sativus var. sativus). relatively few dna polymorphisms were detected, agreeing with previous studies documenting a narrow genetic base for cucumber. most rflps within the cultivated cucumber appear to be changes at restriction-enzyme sites. sixty-four percent of rapd markers that fit expected rati ...	1994	24177767
biogenic amines in table olives. analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.	biogenic amines in fermented vegetables have scarcely been studied. available data show that in table olives and fermented cucumbers their presence is rare and any determinations made have been restricted mainly to histamine. however, some microorganisms, especially those related to spoilage, found in the fermentation brines of such products may have amino acid decarboxylase activity and give rise to biogenic amines by unusual processes. a method for the simultaneous determination of eight bioge ...	1994	7978330
iron-deficiency stress responses in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) roots (a possible role for ethylene?).	most dicotyledonous species respond to fe deficiency by developing several mechanisms known as fe-deficiency stress responses. to study the regulation of these responses, young cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l. cv ashley) were grown in nutrient solution for 11 d, being deprived of fe during the last 4 or 5 d. inhibitors of ethylene synthesis (2 or 10 [mu]m aminoethoxyvinylglycine; 10 or 20 [mu]m aminooxyacetic acid; 1, 2, 5, or 10 [mu]m co2+ as cocl2) or action (50, 200, or 800 [mu]m ag+ as si ...	1994	12232270
histochemical demonstration and localization of h2o2 in organs of higher plants by tissue printing on nitrocellulose paper.	a sensitive tissue-print assay for the detection and histological localization of h2o2 in freshly cut organ sections was developed by impregnating nitrocellulose paper with a mixture of kl and soluble starch. h2o2 transferred from the cut surface of the section to the dried paper forms i2, which can be visualized by the intensely colored i2-starch complex. the detection limit of the assay is in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 mmol l-1 h2o2. due to the rapid immobilization of h2o2 in the paper, very clea ...	1994	12232166
modification of the cellular heat sensitivity of cucumber by growth under supplemental ultraviolet-b radiation.	the effect of ultraviolet b (uv-b) radiation on the thermal sensitivity of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) was studied using uv-b-sensitive cv poinsett 76 and uv-b-resistant cv ashley grown under control and elevated (300 mw m-2) uv-b radiation levels. using both cotyledon and leaf discs, the ability of the tissue to reduce triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (ttc) was determined after treatment at 50[deg]c for various times. semilogarithmic plots of ttc reduction as a function of time at 50[deg]c were ...	1994	12232090
chromoplast biogenesis in cucumis sativus corollas (rapid effect of gibberellin a3 on the accumulation of a chromoplast-specific carotenoid-associated protein).	the development of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) corollas is accompanied by the accumulation of chromoplasts. in mature corollas, chromoplasts, but no chloroplasts, were detected by electron microscopy. chlorophyll was also undetectable in corollas at anthesis. the contents of carotenoids and a carotenoid-associated, chromoplast-specific, 35-kd protein in corollas increased in parallel with flower development, peaking concomitantly at anthesis. the involvement of phytohormones and light in the r ...	1994	12232083
an outbreak of illness among schoolchildren in london: toxic poisoning not mass hysteria.	to determine the cause of an outbreak of acute gastrointestinal illness that occurred shortly after lunch in children attending a school in london, uk.	1994	8138768
phytotoxic substances in root exudates of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	the addition of activated charcoal to a nutrient solution for the hydroponic culture of cucumber resulted in significant increases in the dry weight of the plant and fruit yield. hydrophobic root exudates were collected at different growth stages with amberlite xad-4 resin and bioassayed with lettuce seedlings. the exudates at the reproductive stage were more phytotoxic than those at the vegetative stage. the exudates contained organic acids such as benzoic,p-hydroxybenzoic, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic ...	1994	24241696
gravity-regulated formation of the peg in developing cucumber seedlings.	it has been proposed that peg formation in the vascular transition region (tr zone) between the hypocotyl and the root in cucurbitaceae seedlings is a gravimorphogenetic phenomenon. initiation of the peg became visible 36 h after imbibition when cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. burpee hybrid ii) seeds were germinated in a horizontal position at 24 degrees c in the dark. simultaneously, sedimented amyloplasts (putative statoliths) were apparent in the sheath cells surrounding the vascular strands ...	1994	11537999
[value of harmful elements in fruit and vegetables grown in the province of siedlce].	the content of iron, manganese, nickel, lead, copper, zinc and cadmium was determined by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (asa) in vegetables and fruit grown in the province of siedlce. the studied fruits included tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbages, carrots, parsley, celery, red beets, potatoes garden strawberries, black and red currants, raspberries, apples, plums and cherries. the total number of studied samples of fruits and vegetables was 229. in 49 studied samples cadmium exceeded 0.03 mg ...	1994	7878342
isolation of a cdna clone for a cytokinin-repressed gene in excised cucumber cotyledons.	rapid changes in gene expression were studied during incubation of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cotyledons with cytokinins in darkness. complementary-dna clones for mrnas whose levels decreased within 4 h of treatment with n6-benzyladenine (ba) were isolated by differential hybridization. one of them (cr9) was sequenced. it is 588 bp long, and would encode a protein consisting of 137 amino-acid residues and having a molecular mass of 15 kda. the sequence shows a high homology with a light-induc ...	1994	7765000
production of cucumber fruits from the culture of 'marketmore-76' plantlets.	a procedure to produce fruits from cultured shoot tips of cucumis sativus l. cultivar 'marketmore-76' in vitro is described. four-week-old shoot tips, derived from sterile germinated seedlings on a ms medium, were cultured in a 3.8-1 mason jar using an automated plant culture system. tips readily generated roots, leaves and flowers after another 4 to 8 weeks in culture. administration of compressed air at a 300 ml/min flow rate for 30 min 10 or 15 times a day induced the development of parthenoc ...	1993	24196180
effects of light fluence and wavelength on expression of the gene encoding cucumber hydroxypyruvate reductase.	we have investigated the regulation of cucumber (cucumis sativus) hydroxypyruvate reductase mrna abundance in response to white-, red-, and far-red-light treatments. following irradiation of dark-adapted cucumber seedlings with 15 min to 4 h of either white or red light and return to darkness, the mrna level for the gene encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr) in cotyledons peaks in the darkness 16 to 20 h later. the response of the hpr mrna level to total fluence of white light depends more di ...	1993	8022942
nuclear proteins interact with rna polymerase i promoter and repeated elements of the 5' external transcribed spacer of the rdna of cucumber in a single-stranded stage.	directly repeated elements have been characterized downstream of the transcription initiation site (tis) in the 5' external transcribed spacer (5' ets) of the rrna genes of cucumber (cucumis sativus). in order to show that these repeated elements are also involved in transcriptional regulation processes of rna polymerase i while being single-stranded during transcription, dna-protein binding assays were performed with synthetic oligonucleotides prepared from the promoter region as well as from t ...	1993	8400131
technological aspects of keeping and pickling qualities of cucumbers as influenced by fertilizers.	the effect of the interactions between k (potassium) and ca (calcium) applications (preharvest treatment), packaging method and storage conditions on the keeping and pickling qualities of cucumber were investigated. spraying with 100 ppm k and 5000 ppm ca prolonged the shelf-life of cucumber, especially when packaged in perforated polyethylene and stored at refrigeration conditions. packaging and refrigeration both reduced weight loss and decay percentages. decay was greater in packaged fruits s ...	1993	8392726
isolation and characterization of a chromoplast-specific carotenoid-associated protein from cucumis sativus corollas.	the differentiation of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in corollas of cucumber (cucumis sativus) is subject to developmental control. to study factors involved in the chloroplast-chromoplast conversion, a chromoplast-specific protein of 35 kd was isolated, and polyclonal antibodies were prepared against it. this protein was found to be a principal component of the carotenoid-protein complex resolved from chromoplast membranes by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. immunological studies revealed that ...	1993	12231837
the phylogeny of echinoderm classes based on mitochondrial gene arrangements.	previous analyses have demonstrated that, among the echinoderms, the sea star (class: asteroidea) mitochondrial genome contains a large inversion in comparison to the mitochondrial dna of sea urchins (class: echinoidea). polymerase chain reaction amplification, dna cloning, and sequencing have been used to examine the relationships of the brittle stars (class: ophiuroidea) and sea cucumbers (class: holothuroidea) to the sea stars and sea urchins. the dna sequence of the regions spanning potentia ...	1993	8350349
optimal thermal environments for plant metabolic processes (cucumis sativus l.) (light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b pigment-protein complex of photosystem ii and seedling establishment in cucumber).	analysis of the temperatures providing maximal photosystem ii fluorescence reappearance following illumination and thermal kinetic windows (tkws), obtained from the temperature characteristics of enzyme apparent km values, have been proposed as indicators of the bounds of thermal stress in plants. in this study, we have evaluated the temperature optimum for the accumulation of the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex of photosystem ii (lhcp ii), its mrna, and the mrna of the small subunit of ...	1993	12231821
influence of electrolytes on growth, phototropism, nutation and surface potential in etiolated cucumber seedlings.	a variety of electrolytes (10-30 mol m-3) increased the relative growth rate of etiolated cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. burpee's pickler) hypocotyls by 20-50% relative to water-only controls. the nonelectrolyte mannitol inhibited growth by 10%. all salts tested were effective, regardless of chemical composition or valence. measurements of cell-sap osmolality ruled out an osmotic mechanism for the growth stimulation by electrolytes. this, and the nonspecificity of the response, indicate that a ...	1993	11537719
8-vinyl reduction and chlorophyll a biosynthesis in higher plants.	a technique involving solid-phase extractions and polyethylene h.p.l.c. suitable for the routine compositional analysis of the total protochlorophyllide pool of plants is described. the resynthesis kinetics of the individual components of the pool have been studied in briefly illuminated etiolated tissue of wheat (triticum aestivum) and cucumber (cucumis sativus) during subsequent redarkening. the data are interpreted in terms of a precursor-product relationship between the di- and mono-vinyl an ...	1993	8489519
ultraviolet-induced photodegradation of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) microsomal and soluble protein tryptophanyl residues in vitro.	the in vitro effects of ultraviolet b (280-320 nm) radiation on microsomal membrane proteins and partially purified ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) was investigated by measuring the direct photolytic reduction of tryptophan fluorescence and the formation of fluorescent photooxidation products. exposure of microsomes and rubisco to monochromatic 300-nm radiation resulted in the loss of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and the production of blue-emit ...	1993	12231746
estimation and analysis of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) leaf cellular heat sensitivity.	triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (ttc) reduction by cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv poinsett 76 and cv ashley) leaf discs was used as a viability assay to examine the effect of temperature pretreatment on the tissue response to acute hyperthermia. semi-logarithmic plots of ttc reduction as a function of incubation time at different temperatures from 40 to 60[deg]c resembled the heat survival curves of animal cells. heat inactivation rates were obtained and subjected to "quasi" arrhenius analyses b ...	1993	12231745
molecular evolution of the intergenic spacer in the nuclear ribosomal rna genes of cucurbitaceae.	the intergenic spacer (igs) of a 10-kbp repeat (clone prz7d) of the nuclear 18s, 5.8s, and 25s ribosomal rna genes of cucurbita pepo (zucchini) was sequenced and compared to the igs sequences of two other cucurbitaceae, curcurbita maxima (squash), and cucumis sativus (cucumber). the nucleotide sequence and the structural organization of the igs of c. pepo and c. maxima are rather similar (between 75 and 100% sequence similarity depending on the region compared). the igs are mainly composed of th ...	1993	8433383
dietary factors and breast cancer risk in vaud, switzerland.	the relationship between dietary factors and the risk of breast cancer was investigated in a case-control study conducted in the canton of vaud, switzerland as a pilot phase for a larger cooperative study within the search programme of the international agency for research on cancer (lyon, france). a total of 107 incident, histologically confirmed cases of breast cancer and 318 controls admitted to hospital for acute, nonhormone-related, gynecological, metabolic, or neoplastic disorders were int ...	1993	8346081
effects of nitrite and sulfate on k+ uptake and growth of wheat and cucumber seedlings.	the uptake of k+ ion was studied in the roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. gk szeged) and cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. budai csemege) seedlings grown in nutrient solution under nitrite and sulfate stress conditions. seedlings pretreated with 1 or 10 mm nano2 absorbed more k+(86rb) than those treated with 0.1 mm nano2. however, the posteffect was influenced considerably by na2so4 treatment. the results suggest that at least a partial feed-back regulation of k+ uptake may occur. however, ...	1993	8184628
elicitation of h2 o2 production in cucumber hypocotyl segments by oligo-1,4-α-d-galacturonides and an oligo-β-glucan preparation from cell walls of phythophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea.	the production of h2 o2 by cucumber hypocotyl segments (cucumis sativus l. cv. wisconsin smr 58) in response to α-1,4-linked oligomers of galacturonic acid and oligo-β-glucans from the cell walls of phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea was studied. oligogalacturonides with degrees of polymerization of 9 to 13 elicited h2 o2 production, the most effective being the deca-, undeca- and dodecamers. a similar relationship between size and effect was previously obtained when oligogalacturonides wer ...	1993	28741782
a cucumis sativus cell-free translation system: preparation, optimization and sensitivity to some antibiotics and ribosome inactivating proteins.	a cell-free translation system was prepared from 3- to 5-day-old embryonic axes of gherkin (cucumis sativus l.). the system was optimized for mg2+ , k+ , nh+4 , high speed supernatants, trna mixture from wheat germ, time and temperature. the system translates efficiently both endogenous mrna (using a 30000 g supernatant) and polyuridylic acid (using either a 30000 g supernatant or a 100000 g supernatant supplemented with purified ribosomes). translation by gherkin ribosomes was inhibited by seve ...	1993	28741771
a view of plant dehydrins using antibodies specific to the carboxy terminal peptide.	dehydrins are characterized by the consensus kikeklpg amino acid sequence found near the carboxy terminus, and usually repeated from one to many times within the protein. a synthetic peptide containing this consensus sequence was used to produce specific antibodies that recognize dehydrins in a wide range of plants. this range covered two families of monocots, viz. gramineae (hordeum vulgare l., triticum aestivum l., zea mays l., oryza sativa l.) and liliaceae (allium sativa l.), and five famili ...	1993	7693020
distribution and properties of major ribosome-inactivating proteins (28 s rrna n-glycosidases) of the plant saponaria officinalis l. (caryophyllaceae).	we have studied the distribution of the protein synthesis inhibitory activity in the tissues of saponaria officinalis l. (caryophyllaceae). seven major saporins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, were purified to apparent homogeneity from leaves, roots and seeds using a new procedure of rips isolation including ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. they all catalysed the depurination of rat liver ribosomes, which generate the endo's diagnostic rrna fragment upon treatment with acid aniline, ...	1993	8218413
survival and growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 on salad vegetables.	the influence of modified-atmosphere packaging, storage temperature, and time on survival and growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated onto shredded lettuce, sliced cucumber, and shredded carrot was determined. growth of psychotrophic and mesophilic microorganisms and changes in ph and sensory qualities of vegetables, as judged by subjective evaluation, were also monitored. packaging under an atmosphere containing 3% oxygen and 97% nitrogen had no apparent effect on populations of e. coli o ...	1993	8357240
isolation and characterization of a new chromosomal virulence gene of agrobacterium tumefaciens.	a mutant (strain b119) of agrobacterium tumefaciens with a chromosomal mutation was isolated by transposon (tn5) mutagenesis. the mutant exhibited growth rates on l agar and minimal medium (ab) plates similar to those of the parent strain (strain a208 harboring a nopaline-type ti plasmid). the mutant was avirulent on all host plants tested: daucus carota, cucumis sativus, and kalanchoe diagremontiana. the mutant was not impaired in attachment ability to carrot cells. the mutant had one insertion ...	1993	8491736
competitive growth of genetically marked malolactic-deficient lactobacillus plantarum in cucumber fermentations.	procedures were developed for the differential enumeration of an added strain of lactobacillus plantarum and indigenous lactic acid bacteria (lab) during the fermentation of brined cucumbers. the added strain was an n,n-nitrosoguanidine-generated mutant that lacked the ability to produce co(2) from malic acid (mdc). the mdc phenotype is desirable because co(2) production from malic acid decarboxylation has been shown to contribute to bloater formation in fermented cucumbers. a basal medium conta ...	1992	16348818
regulation of photosynthesis by end-product accumulation in leaves of plants storing starch, sucrose, and hexose sugars.	in the present study, leaves of different plant species were girdled by the hot wax collar method to prevent export of assimilates. photosynthetic activity of girdled and control leaves was evaluated 3 to 7 days later by two methods: (a) carbon exchange rate (cer) of attached leaves was determined under ambient co(2) concentrations using a closed gas system, and (b) maximum photosynthetic capacity (a(max)) was determined under 3% co(2) with a leaf disc o(2) electrode. starch, hexoses, and sucros ...	1992	16669056
effects of root decay on the relationship between meloidogyne spp. gall index and egg mass number in cucumber and horned cucumber.	a greenhouse study was conducted to determine if root necrosis had an effect on the relationship between root-knot nematode gall index and egg mass number. thirty-four cultigens of cucumis (14 accessions, 12 cultivars, and six breeding lines of c. sativus, and two accessions of c. metuliferus) were evaluated against four root-knot species (meloidogyne arenaria race 2, m. incognita race 1, m. incognita race 3, and m. javanica) measuring gall index, root necrosis, and egg mass number. root necrosi ...	1992	19283049
posttranslational modifications in the amino- terminal region of the large subunit of ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from several plant species.	a combination of limited tryptic proteolysis, reverse phasehigh performance liquid chromatography, edman degradative sequencing, amino acid analysis, and fast-atom bombardment mass-spectrometry was used to remove and identify the first 14 to 18 n-terminal amino acid residues of the large subunit of higher plant-type ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) from chlamydomonas reinhardtii, marchantia polymorpha, pea (pisum sativum), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), potato (solanu ...	1992	16668742
photoinactivation of catalase occurs under both high- and low-temperature stress conditions and accompanies photoinhibition of photosystem ii.	severe photoinactivation of catalase (ec 1.11.1.6) and a decline of variable fluorescence (f(v)), indicating photoinhibition of photosynthesis, were observed as rapid and specific symptoms in leaves exposed to a high heat-shock temperature of 40 degrees c as well as in leaves exposed to low chilling temperatures in white light of only moderately high photosynthetic photon flux density of 520 mue m(-2) s(-1). other parameters, such as peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7), glycolate oxidase (ec 1.1.3.1), glut ...	1992	16653157
transformation of cucumber tissues by microprojectile bombardment: identification of plants containing functional and non-functional transferred genes.	the microprojectile bombardment method was used to transfer dna into embryogenic callus of cucumber (cucumis sativus), and stably transformed cucumber plant lines were obtained. a total of 107 independently regenerated cucumber plants were assayed for the presence and expression of the transferred nos-nptii gene (encoding nopaline synthase-neomycin phosphotransferase ii). genomic blot hybridization analyses showed that a high percentage (16%) of the cucumber plants were transformed with nos-npti ...	1992	1324874
phytochrome-mediated phototropism in de-etiolated seedlings : occurrence and ecological significance.	phototropic responses to broadband far red (fr) radiation were investigated in fully de-etiolated seedlings of a long-hypocotyl mutant (lh) of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), which is deficient in phytochrome-b, and its near isogenic wild type (wt). continuous unilateral fr light provided against a background of white light induced negative curvatures (i.e. bending away from the fr light source) in hypocotyls of wt seedlings. this response was fluence-rate dependent and was absent in the lh mutan ...	1992	16652942
mechanism of blue-light-induced plasma-membrane depolarization in etiolated cucumber hypocotyls.	a large, transient depolarization of the plasma membrane precedes the rapid blue-light (bl)-induced growth suppression in etiolated seedlings of cucumis sativus l. the mechanism of this voltage transient was investigated by applying inhibitors of ion channels and the plasma-membrane h(+)-atpase, by manipulating extracellular ion concentrations, and by measuring cell input resistance and atp levels. the depolarizing phase was not affected by ca(2+)-channel blockers (verapamil, la3+) or by reducin ...	1992	11540069
complex formation of nuclear proteins with the rna polymerase i promoter and repeated elements in the external transcribed spacer of cucumis sativus ribosomal dna.	complex repetitive structures are located downstream of the transcription initiation site in the intergenic spacer (igs) of the rrna genes in cucumis sativus (cucumber). in order to show that these repetitive elements of the 5'external transcribed spacer (ets) are probably involved in transcriptional regulation as protein binding sites dna-protein binding assays were carried out. the same proteins that recognize two binding sites in the promoter region analysed (upstream binding element between ...	1992	1641334
adaptation to dim-red light leads to a nongradient pattern of stem elongation in cucumis seedlings.	relative growth rate determinations on 5-millimeter regions of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) hypocotyls show that dim-red light-grown seedlings have an even distribution of growth along the stem axis. this contrasts with the apical to basal graded decline in growth rate seen in dark-grown seedlings, including dark-grown cucumber seedlings used as controls in this study. dark-grown seedlings convert to the nongradient pattern when transferred to dim-red light. the small amount of light required s ...	1992	16669004
chloroplast biogenesis 65 : enzymic conversion of protoporphyrin ix to mg-protoporphyrin ix in a subplastidic membrane fraction of cucumber etiochloroplasts.	the preparation from percoll-purified cucumber (cucumis sativus)etiochloroplasts of a subplastidic membrane fraction that is capable of high rates of mg insertion into protoporphyrin ix is described. the plastid stroma was inactive when used either alone or in combination with the membrane fraction. successful preparation of the subplastidic membrane fraction required that mg-protoporphyrin chelatase was first stabilized by its substrate. this was achieved by lysing percoll-purified plastids in ...	1992	16668979
inheritance and linkage relationships of isozyme loci in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	genetic analyses were conducted among 18 provisionary isozyme loci in cucumis sativus l. fourteen loci demonstrated simple mendelian inheritance while observed variation at four loci (gpi2, gr2, pgm3, skdh2) was determined not to have a predictable genetic basis. joint segregation analyses among the 14 genetically predictable polymorphic loci resulted in the assignment of 12 loci to four linkage groups. linkage groups contain the following loci: (1) gr1, pgm1, idh, pgd1; (2) pep-pap, mdh2, mdh3, ...	1992	24203050
photooxidative destruction of chloroplasts leads to reduced expression of peroxisomal nadh-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase in developing cucumber cotyledons.	photooxidative destruction of chloroplasts by exposure of norflurazon-treated cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings to white light leads to reduced levels of the nuclear-encoded, peroxisomal enzyme hydroxypyruvate reductase. the partial reduction in hydroxypyruvate reductase activity under photooxidative conditions is accompanied by reductions in levels of hydroxypyruvate reductase protein and transcript. the low level of hydroxypyruvate reductase gene expression in the dark is not affected by ...	1992	16668940
regulation of mitochondrial function and biogenesis in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cotyledons during early seedling growth.	the aim of this work was to characterize the respiratory metabolism of the greening cotyledons of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) during early seedling growth and to investigate how this is integrated with changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. in light-grown cotyledons, lipid mobilization extended from germination to 6 days postimbibition, reaching a maximum at 3 to 4 days postimbibition. the rate of dark oxygen uptake reached a maximum at 2 days postimbibition in dark-grown and 3 days ...	1992	16668884
cell wall free space of cucumis hypocotyls contains nad and a blue light-regulated peroxidase activity.	solutions were obtained from the cell wall free space of red light-grown cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) hypocotyl sections by a low-speed centrifugation technique. the centrifugate contained nad and peroxidase but no detectable cytoplasmic contamination, as indicated by the absence of the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from the cell wall solution. peroxidase activity centrifuged from the cell wall of red light-grown cucumber hypocotyl section could be resolved into at least three c ...	1992	16668797
isolation and partial characterization of a new ribosome-inactivating protein from petrocoptis glaucifolia (lag.) boiss.	petrocoptis glaucifolia, a paleoendemic member of the caryophyllaceae from the north of spain, was found to contain at least five proteins that inhibit protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. one of them, for which the name petroglaucin is proposed, was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity by chromatography through s-sepharose fast flow, sephadex g-75 and cm-sepharose fast flow. the apparent mr of the preparation was 27500. this protein does not contain appreciable glycan ...	1992	24186783
effects of 3-methylgibberellin analogs on gibberellin 3β-hydroxylases and plant growth.	six 3-methylgibberellin analogs were synthesized, and their effects on the ga 3β-hydroxylases from immature seeds of phaseolus vulgaris and cucurbita maxima, and/or on the growth of dwarf rice (oryza sativa l. cv. tan-ginbozu) and cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. spacemaster) were investigated. 3-methyl-ga5 and 2, 3-didehydro-3-methyl-ga9· inhibited the conversion of [2, 3-(3)h2]ga9 to [2-(3)h]ga4 by ga 3β-hydroxylases from both p. vulgaris and c. maxima at 3 μm and higher. their c/d-ring-rearra ...	1992	27286375
involvement of singlet oxygen in 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced photodynamic damage of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) chloroplasts.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l., cv poinsette) plants were sprayed with 20 millimolar 5-aminolevulinic acid and then incubated in the dark for 14 hours. the intact chloroplasts were isolated from the above plants in the dark and were exposed to weak light (250 micromoles per square meter per second). within 30 minutes, photosystem ii activity was reduced by 50%. the singlet oxygen ((1)o(2)) scavengers, histidine and sodium azide (nan(3)) significantly protected against the damage caused to photosys ...	1992	16668650
transient down-regulation of phytochrome mrna abundance in etiolated cucumber cotyledons in response to continuous white light.	phytochrome mrna abundance decreased to 20% of the initial level in etiolated cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cotyledons exposed to continuous white light. unexpectedly, by 12 hours of continuous white light, phytochrome mrna had reaccumulated to 60% of the control level. high stringency rna blot analyses suggest that it is the mrna encoding type i phytochrome that reaccumulates.	1991	16668588
alternative respiration and heat evolution in plants.	the alternative respiratory pathway dissipates most of the chemical energy of respiratory substrates as heat. we have shown that this heat can be quantified by microcalorimetry and is a measure of alternative pathway activity in vivo. the alternative pathway is known to increase in aged potato (solanum tuberosum) slices and in chill-stressed leaves. aging of potato slices for 24 hours was accompanied by an almost fourfold increase in the rate of heat evolution. this heat increase was resistant t ...	1991	16668582
immunochromatographic purification of gibberellins from vegetative tissues of cucumis sativus l: separation and identification of 13-hydroxy and 13-deoxy gibberellins.	immunological methods are described for the separation and purification of 13-hydroxy and 13-deoxy-gibberellins of cucumis sativus. qualitative and quantitative data show that 13-deoxygibberellins predominate over 13-hydroxygibberellins in stems and leaves of this species.	1991	24186538
induction by electric currents of ethylene biosynthesis in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit.	the effects of an electric current on ethylene biosynthesis were investigated in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit that were producing almost no ethylene. direct currents at 0.5 to 3.0 milliamperes induced much ethylene synthesis, with a rapid continuous increase in the rate, which reached a peak within 5 to 6 hours and then decreased. the rate of production was greater with a stronger current. ethylene production was not observed after the use of a sine-wave alternating current (60 hertz) at ...	1991	16668503
lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in relation to photoinhibition induced by chilling in moderate light.	the effect of a chilling stress, at a moderate photon flux density for a few hours, on the peroxidation of membrane lipids and on superoxide dismutase (sod) activity was compared in leaf slices of chilling-sensitive and chilling-insensitive plants. the aim was to determine if susceptibility to chill-temperature photoinhibition could be related to either damage to membrane lipids by superoxide and-or a decrease in activity of chloroplast sod. plants used were nerium oleander l., grown at 45° c, a ...	1991	24186344
sequence of a complementary dna from cucumis sativus l. encoding the stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase.		1991	16668411
regulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in developing chloroplasts : iv. an endogenous inhibitor from the thylakoid membranes.	5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in isolated, intact, developing chloroplasts from greening cucumber (cucumis sativus) cotyledons was inhibited by broken chloroplast fragments. it was shown that the inhibitory constituent was associated with the thylakoid membrane system. the inhibitor was resistant to boiling, was not a form of ribonuclease, and did not inhibit mg-chelatase, indicating that massive organelle destruction was not involved. the inhibitor was also found in etioplast and mature chlor ...	1991	16668354
plasmalemma redox activity and h extrusion in roots of fe-deficient cucumber plants.	cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l.) with incipient fe deficiency showed increased root capacity to reduce chelated fe(3+) compared to fe-sufficient plants. when fe-ethylenediaminete-traacetate was added to the root medium of the fe-deficient plants, the reductase activity was associated with acidification of the medium and an increase in the net apparent k(+) efflux. in the presence of the h(+)-atpase inhibitor n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide the net apparent h(+) efflux was completely suppressed ...	1991	16668294
intraplastidic localization of the enzymes that convert delta-aminolevulinic acid to protoporphyrin ix in etiolated cucumber cotyledons.	the intraplastidic localization of the enzymes that catalyze the conversion of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ala) to protoporphyrin ix (proto) is a controversial issue. while some researchers assign a stromal location for these enzymes, others favor a membranebound one. etiochloroplasts were isolated from etiolated cucumber cotyledons (cucumis sativus, l.) by differential centrifugation and were purified further by percoll density gradient centrifugation. purified plastids were highly intact, and c ...	1991	16668274
5-aminolevulinic acid induced photodynamic damage of the photosynthetic electron transport chain of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cotyledons.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv poinsette) plants were sprayed with 20 millimolar 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) and then incubated in dark for 14 hours. upon transfer to sunlight ( approximately 800 watts per square meter) the plants died after 5 hours of exposure due to photosensitization reaction of metalloporphyrins. due to the photodynamic damage, photosystem ii (psii), photosystem i (psi), and whole chain reactions were impaired. psii activity was more susceptible to photodynamic damage than ...	1991	16668252
xylem sap proteins.	xylem sap from apple (malus domestica borkh), peach (prunus persica batsch), and pear (pyrus communis l.) twigs was collected by means of pressure extrusion. this sap contained a number of acidic peroxidases and other proteins. two other sources of xylem sap used in this study were stem exudates and guttation fluid. similar peroxidases were also found in stem exudates and guttation fluids of strawberry (fragaria x ananassa duch.), tomato (lycopersicum esculentum l.), and cucumber (cucumis sativu ...	1991	16668227
specific binding of protoporphyrin ix to a membrane-bound 63 kilodalton polypeptide in cucumber cotyledons treated with diphenyl ether-type herbicides.	porphyrin accumulation in excised cucumber cotyledons (cucumis sativus l.) treated with a n-phenylimide s-23142 (n-[4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-propargyloxyphenyl]-3,4,5,6- tetrahydrophthalimide) and a diphenylether acifluorfen-ethyl (ethyl-5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitro benzoic acid) was studied. most of the accumulated porphyrins were found in the membrane fractions of 6,000g and 30,000g pellets, forming a complex with a membrane polypeptide. the complex was solubilized with 1% n-dode ...	1991	16668204
effects of exogenously applied ferulic acid, a potential allelopathic compound, on leaf growth, water utilization, and endogenous abscisic acid levels of tomato, cucumber, and bean.	to determine the relative sensitivities of tomato, cucumber, and bean to exogenously applied concentrations of ferulic acid (fa) and to determine whether fa-induced stress responses increase endogenous levels of abscisic acid (aba), wild-type andflacca (aba-deficient mutant) tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. ailsa craig), cucumber, (cucumis sativus l. cv. early green cluster), and bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. cv. oregon 91) were treated with fa (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mm) in nutrient solution ...	1991	24259072
further characterization of the magnesium chelatase in isolated developing cucumber chloroplasts : substrate specificity, regulation, intactness, and atp requirements.	mg-chelatase catalyzes the first step unique to the chlorophyll branch of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, namely the insertion of mg into protoporphyrin ix (proto). mg-chelatase was assayed in intact chloroplasts from semi-green cucumber (cucumis sativus, cv sumter) cotyledons. in the presence of proto and mgatp, enzyme activity was linear for 50 minutes. plastid intactness was directly related to (and necessary for) mg-chelatase activity. uncouplers and ionophores did not inhibit mg-chelatase in the ...	1991	16668110
effect of temperature conditioning on chilling injury of cucumber cotyledons: possible role of abscisic acid and heat shock proteins.	endogenous abscisic acid levels and induced heat shock proteins were measured in tissue exposed for 6 hours to temperatures that reduced their subsequent chilling sensitivity. one-centimeter discs excised from fully expanded cotyledons of 11-day-old seedlings of cucumber (cucumis sativus l., cv poinsett 76) were exposed to 12.5 or 37 degrees c for 6 hours followed by 4 days at 2.5 or 12.5 degrees c. ion leakage, a qualitative indicator of chilling injury, increased after 2 to 3 day exposure to 2 ...	1991	16668003
superoxide production by thylakoids during chilling and its implication in the susceptibility of plants to chilling-induced photoinhibition.	factors influencing the rate of superoxide (o 2 (-) ) production by thylakoids were investigated to determine if increased production of the radical was related to injury induced by chilling at a moderate photon flux density (pfd). plants used were spinacia oleracea l., cucumis sativus l. and nerium oleander l. grown at either 200° c or 45° c. superoxide production was determined by electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy of the (o 2 (-) )-dependent rate of oxidation of 2-ethyl-1-hydroxy-2,5,5-trim ...	1991	24193624
similarity between cytokinin and blue light inhibition of cucumber hypocotyl elongation.	the cytokinin benzyladenine inhibited endogenous hypocotyl elongation in intact etiolated seedlings of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). in hypocotyl segments, the inhibitory effect of benzyladenine on growth was clearly detectable in the presence of indoleacetic acid. fusicoccin-induced elongation was unaffected by the presence of cytokinin. the effect of cytokinin on elongation of the segments was determined by measuring changes in fresh weight, a linear function of extension growth. the effect o ...	1991	16667984
the role of oxygen in thermo-photodynamic processes leading to sunscald-like damages in green tissues.	sunscald is a physiological disorder causing, in warm climates, severe damages to green tissues. earlier studies established the essential role of heat, light and chlorophyll in the development of the disorder. in the present work, the role of oxygen in the development of the injury was investigated. green cucumber fruit were exposed to heat and light under controlled atmosphere, and the development of the injury was followed. no damage occurred in the absence of either heat or light. tissues ex ...	1991	2060853
2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: selective toxicity of rye (secale cereale l.) allelochemicals to weed and crop species: ii.	three allelochemicals from rye or its breakdown products were evaluated for activity on garden cress (lepidum sativum l.), barnyardgrass [echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.], cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and snap bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa), 2(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa), and 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene (azob) were all applied singly at 50, 100, and 200 ppm and in two- and three-way combinations each at 50 and 100 ppm. azob at 100 and 200 ppm produce ...	1991	24258430
resistance to root-knot nematodes in cucumber and horned cucumber.	two experiments were conducted in the greenhouse. in one experiment, cucumber (cucumis sativus) and horned cucumber (c. metuliferus) cultigens were evaluated for resistance to four root-knot nematode species (meloidogyne arenaria, m. hapla, m. incognita, and m. javanica), and, in a second experiment, a standard (12-week) test was compared with a rapid (6-week) test. in the first experiment, horned cucumber cultigens varied in response to the meloidogyne species. 'sumter' cucumber was more suscep ...	1991	19283171
systemic induction of salicylic acid accumulation in cucumber after inoculation with pseudomonas syringae pv syringae.	inoculation of one true leaf of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants with pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae results in the systemic appearance of salicylic acid in the phloem exudates from petioles above, below, and at the site of inoculation. analysis of phloem exudates from the petioles of leaves 1 and 2 demonstrated that the earliest increases in salicylic acid occurred 8 hours after inoculation of leaf 1 in leaf 1 and 12 hours after inoculation of leaf 1 in leaf 2. detaching leaf 1 at i ...	1991	16668554
stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase from higher plants is structurally unrelated to the animal and fungal homologs.	stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein (acp) desaturase (ec 1.14.99.6) was purified to homogeneity from avocado mesocarp, and monospecific polyclonal antibodies directed against the protein were used to isolate full-length cdna clones from ricinus communis (castor) seed and cucumis sativus (cucumber). the nucleotide sequence of the castor clone prcd1 revealed an open reading frame of 1.2 kilobases encoding a 396-amino acid protein of 45 kda. the cucumber clone pcsd1 encoded a homologous 396-amino acid pr ...	1991	2006187
molecular cloning of the gene for indolepyruvate decarboxylase from enterobacter cloacae.	although indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is a well-known plant hormone, the main iaa biosynthetic pathway from l-tryptophan (trp) via indole-3-pyruvic acid (ipya) has yet to be elucidated. previous studies have suggested that iaa is produced by enterobacter cloacae isolated from the rhizosphere of cucumbers and its biosynthetic pathway may possibly be the same as that in plants. to elucidate this pathway, the iaa biosynthetic gene was isolated from a genomic library of e. cloacae by assaying for the ...	1991	2034209
isolation and sequencing of cdna clones encoding ethylene-induced putative peroxidases from cucumber cotyledons.	a cdna library from ethephon-treated cucumber cotyledons (cucumis sativus l. cv. poinsett 76) was constructed. two cdna clones encoding putative peroxidases were isolated by means of a synthetic probe based on a partial amino acid sequence of a 33 kda cationic peroxidase that had been previously shown to be induced by ethylene. dna sequencing indicates that the two clones were derived from two closely related rna species that are related to published plant peroxidase sequences. southern analysis ...	1990	2102850
length heterogeneity of the rrna precursor in cucumber (cucumis sativus).	the length homogeneous part of the intergenic spacer (igs) of the 18s-25s ribosomal rna genes of cucumber (cucumis sativus) was characterized by sequencing 2389 bp preceding the 18s rrna coding region of a 12.5 kbp repeat type. this part of the igs is composed of repeated elements and shows a very complex structural organization. most obvious is a 119 bp element which is repeated seven times. a single transcription initiation site (tis) was detected by a 't4 polymerase stop' experiment upstream ...	1990	2103464
gc balance in the internal transcribed spacers its 1 and its 2 of nuclear ribosomal rna genes.	the internal transcribed spacer (its) 1 and 2, the 5.8s rrna gene, and adjacent 18s rrna and 25s rrna coding regions of two cucurbitaceae (cucurbita pepo, zucchini, its 1: 187 bp, and its 2: 252 bp in length, and cucumis sativus, cucumber, its 1: 229 bp, and its 2: 245 bp in length) have been sequenced. the evolutionary pattern shown by the itss of these plants is different from that found in vertebrates. deletions, insertions, and base substitutions have occurred in both spacers; however, it is ...	1990	2107331
cloning and sequencing of the malate synthase gene from hansenula polymorpha.	we have cloned the mas gene, encoding the microbody matrix enzyme malate synthase (ec 4.1.3.2.) from the methylotrophic yeast hansenula polymorpha. the gene was isolated by screening of a genomic library with a mixed-sequence probe, based on the partial amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. the nucleotide sequence of a 2.4-kilobase stretch of dna covering the mas gene was determined. the gene contains an open reading frame of 555 amino acids, amounting to a calculated molecular mass of 63, ...	1990	2349836
tests for transmission of prunus necrotic ringspot and two nepoviruses by criconemella xenoplax.	in two of three trials, detectable color reactions in elisa for prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) were observed for criconemella xenoplax handpicked from the root zone of infected peach trees. criconemella xenoplax (500/pot) handpicked from root zones of peach trees infected with pnrsv failed to transmit the virus to cucumber or peach seedlings. the nematode also failed to transmit tomato ringspot (tomrsv) or tobacco ringspot viruses between cucumbers, although xiphinema americanum transmit ...	1990	19287748
transformation of cucumis sativus tissue by agrobacterium tumefaciens and the regeneration of transformed plants.	cotyledons of cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus l. cv. poinsett 76) were co-cultivated with disarmed agrobacterium strain c58z707. the agrobacterium strain contained the agrobacterium-derived binary vector plasmid pga482, its t-dna region contains a plant expressible bacterial derived neomycin phosphotransferase ii (npt ii) gene which upon transfer, genome integration, and expression in plant tissues confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin. after growth of inoculated cotyledon sections ...	1990	24226818
pathogen-activated induced resistance of cucumber: response of arthropod herbivores to systemically protected leaves.	restricted (non-systemic) inoculation of cucurbits, green bean, tobacco, and other plants with certain viruses, bacteria, or fungi has been shown to induce persistent, systemic resistance to a wide range of diseases caused by diverse pathogens. the non-specificity of this response has fueled speculation that it may also affect plant suitability for arthropod herbivores, and there is limited evidence, mainly from work with tobacco, which suggests that this may indeed occur. young cucumber plants ...	1990	28310951
inheritance of resistance in cucumber to race 2 of colletotrichum lagenarium.	the resistant breeding line, ar79-95, and the susceptible cultivar, model, were crossed to develop f1, f2, f3, and backcross populations for genetic analysis of resistance in cucumbers to race 2 of colletotrichum lagenarium (pass.) ellis & halsted., the causal agent of cucurbit anthracnose. there was no maternal effect on resistance and a small amount of f1 heterosis toward the susceptible parent. generation means analysis showed that there was additive and dominance but no epistatic gene action ...	1990	24226113
organ specificity and light regulation of nadh-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase transcript abundance.	by probing total rna blots with an nadh-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr) cdna clone, we have found that hpr transcript abundance is highly regulated in developing cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings. hpr transcript levels in light-grown seedlings are 50-fold more abundant in leaves and cotyledons than in roots. when 12-day light-grown seedlings are shifted to the dark for 4 days, the hpr transcript level in leaves drops 20-fold. upon return of these dark-adapted plants to the light, hp ...	1990	16667858
measurement of heme efflux and heme content in isolated developing chloroplasts.	hemes destined for cytosolic hemoproteins must originate in one of the cellular compartments which have the capacity for heme synthesis, namely the chloroplast or the mitochondria. since developing chloroplasts from greening cucumber (cucumis sativus, cv. sumter) cotyledons are known to contain complete heme and chlorophyll biosynthetic pathways, they were tested for their capacity export hemes. picomole quantities of heme were measured by reconstitution of the heme with apo-peroxidase and subse ...	1990	16667847
sperm histones and chromatin structure of the "primitive" sea urchin eucidaris tribuloides.	the "primitive" sea urchin eucidaris tribuloides resembles the advanced sea urchins (euechinoids) in many respects, yet some features of its biochemistry and morphogenesis are more similar to other echinoderms such as starfish or sea cucumbers. two unique characteristics of the sperm chromatin of all known euechinoids are an extremely long average nucleosomal repeat length and the presence of two male germ-line-specific histone variants, sp h1 and sp h2b. histone composition and nucleosomal repe ...	1990	2280247
evidence that isolated developing chloroplasts are capable of synthesizing chlorophyll b from 5-aminolevulinic acid.	developing chloroplasts isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus l. var beit alpha) cotyledons are capable of incorporating [(14)c]5-aminolevulinic acid into chlorophyll (chl) b and chl a when incubated under photosynthetic illumination. thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography were employed to analyze the pigments. the specific radioactivity in chl a was over three times higher than that found in chl b. both chl a and b synthesizing activities in organello decayed rapidl ...	1990	16667712
cause for dark, chilling-induced inactivation of photosynthetic oxygen-evolving system in cucumber leaves.	effects on oxygen evolution of the storage of detached cucumber (cucumis sativus) leaves at 0 degrees c in the dark were investigated with thylakoids and oxygen-evolving photosystem ii membranes isolated from stored leaves. the cold and dark treatment of leaves selectively inactivated electron transport on the oxidizing side of photosystem ii. photosystem ii membranes isolated from treated leaves were largely depleted of two proteins of 20 and 14 kilodaltons, which correspond to the extrinsic 23 ...	1990	16667624
isolation, culture and plantlet regeneration from cotyledon and mesophyll protoplasts of two pickling cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) genotypes.	optimal protoplast yields from cotyledons (2.0×10(6) protoplasts/ 0.5 g tissue) and from true leaves (5.0×10(6) protoplasts/g tissue) of two cucumis sativus genotypes were obtained following a 16 h digestion with, respectively, 1.25% pectinase+0.5% cellulysin and 0.5 % pectinase+ 1.0% cellulysin. enzyme solutions were prepared in modified ms medium containing half-strength major salts, full complement of minor salts and vitamins, 2% sucrose and 0.25 m mannitol. a plating density of 3.5-4.0× 10(4 ...	1990	24226430
patterns of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in relation to growth and expansion in cucumber leaves.	photochemical development was studied in developing cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv hokushin) leaves to determine if the spatial pattern coincided with relative growth rates of expanding leaves, intercalary cell division, or position relative to the vascular tissue. both leaf surfaces undergo a series of similar changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics, but the upper surface more quickly achieved the characteristic response. imaging of fluorescence showed an individual developing leaf has ...	1990	16667561
chlorophyll a fluorescence and carbon assimilation in developing leaves of light-grown cucumber.	the development of photochemical activity and carbon assimilation in light-grown cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv natsusairaku) leaves was studied to determine the pattern of acquisition and its relationship to leaf growth and expansion. measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence showed that leaves acquire photochemical function over a period of 6 or more days, and gas exchange studies showed increases in carbon assimilation over a parallel time period. as leaves expand and mature, they undergo a ...	1990	16667560
thermal dependence of the apparent k(m) of glutathione reductases from three plant species.	the thermal dependencies of the apparent k(m) of the glutathione reductases from spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) corn (zea mays l.), and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) were determined. the apparent k(m) of the enzymes were found to vary up to 9-fold between 12.5 and 45 degrees c. values of the apparent k(m) in excess of 200% of the observed minimum are suggested to be detrimental to the normal function of the enzyme. we propose the term "thermal kinetic window" to describe to the range of temperat ...	1990	16667543
effects of soil nitrogen level on ferulic acid inhibition of cucumber leaf expansion.	it has been suggested that the allelopathic activity of phenolic acids should be primarily important in soils of low fertility. if this is true, then plant growth inhibition by phenolic acids may be unimportant in managed agricultural soils. the objective of this study was to determine how soil nitrogen (n) level might modify phenolic acid inhibition of growth. cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus cv early green cluster) grown in containers in growth chambers under varying n levels (5, 10, 15, 20 ...	1990	24263734
the effect of changing the composition of phosphatidylglycerol from thylakoid polar lipids of oleander and cucumber on the temperature of the transition related to chilling injury.	the composition and phase behavior of some lipid classes and mixtures of thylakoid polar lipids were measured to investigate their role as determinants of the temperature of the transition associated with chilling injury. for nerium oleander l., a plant which acclimates to growth temperature, a mixture of the phosphatidylglycerol (pg) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (sqdg) showed transition temperatures of 22° and 10° c for plants grown at 45° and 20° c, respectively. this difference was simil ...	1990	24196686
fe uptake mechanism in fe-efficient cucumber roots.	fe-efficient plants respond to iron stress both by morphological and physiological modifications. in roots of a fe-efficient plant (cucumis sativus l.) grown in the presence or in the absence of iron, the capacity to acidify the external medium, change in the transmembrane electrical potential, and the atpase activity have been determined. roots from plants grown in the absence of iron showed a great capacity to acidify the external medium, a higher transmembrane electrical potential difference ...	1990	16667404