Publications

transverse myelitis associated with probable cat-scratch disease in a previously healthy pediatric patient.	we evaluated a pediatric patient for transverse myelitis associated with bartonella henselae infection. there was no adenopathy in our patient, but the diagnosis was made serologically. it is necessary to keep cat-scratch disease in mind even in the absence of typical findings.	2000	10987731
infection of human endothelial cells with bartonella bacilliformis is dependent on rho and results in activation of rho.	bartonella bacilliformis was continuously internalized into human endothelial cells beginning shortly after addition of the bacteria and continuing for at least 24 h after infection in vitro, with a major increase in uptake occurring between 16 and 24 h. preincubation of endothelial cells with c3 exoenzyme, which inactivated intracellular rho-gtpase, blocked internalization of the bacteria. addition of c3 exoenzyme at any time after addition of the bacteria blocked further internalization of bac ...	2000	10992508
transcriptional activation of the htra (high-temperature requirement a) gene from bartonella henselae.	bacterial htra genes are typically activated as part of the periplasmic stress response and are dependent on the extracytoplasmic sigma factor rpoe. a putative promoter region, p1, of the sigma(e)-type heat-inducible promoters has previously been identified upstream of the htra gene of bartonella henselae. further analysis of the htra mrna by primer extension demonstrated that transcription initiates from p1 and a second region downstream of p1. this second promoter region, termed p2, had no seq ...	2000	10992509
[neonatal papular acrodermatitis (gianotti-crosti) and bartonella henselae infection].		2000	11003916
bartonella henselae associated uveitis and hla-b27.	to investigate the frequency of hla-b27 in patients with presumed bartonella henselae associated uveitis and to describe the clinical characteristics of hla-b27 positive patients with uveitis and presumed ocular bartonellosis (pob).	2000	11004097
[parotid involvement in cat scratch disease: a differential diagnosis with increased significance].	bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (csd), an inflammatory infection of the lymph nodes. so far, only few cases of atypical manifestations in the head and neck, especially manifestations in the parotid gland have been reported.	2000	11006911
specific and nonspecific enzymes involved in the catabolism of mononucleoside and dinucleoside polyphosphates.	this review concerns enzymes that can degrade nucleoside 5'-tetra- and pentaphosphates (p(4)n and p(5)n) and those that can degrade various dinucleoside polyphosphates (np(3-6)n'). most of these enzymes are hydrolases, and they occur in all types of organisms. certain fungi and protozoa also possess specific np(n)n' phosphorylases. specific p(4)n hydrolases have been demonstrated in mammals and in plants. in yeast, p(4)n and p(5)n are hydrolyzed by exopolyphosphatases. among other hydrolases tha ...	2000	11007995
bartonella henselae, b. quintana, and b. bacilliformis: historical pathogens of emerging significance.	bartonella species were virtually unrecognized as modern pathogens of humans until the last decade. however, identification of bartonella species as the agents of cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, urban trench fever, and possible novel presentations of carrion's disease has left little doubt of the emerging medical importance of this genus of organisms. the three primary human pathogenic bartonellae, bartonella bacilliformis (carrion's disease), b. henselae (cat-scratch disease), and ...	2000	11008109
regional lymphadenopathy in cat-scratch disease: ultrasonographic findings.	cat-scratch disease (csd) is considered to be an emerging disease worldwide and is caused by bartonella henselae, a gram-negative bacterium introduced by a scratch or bite of a cat. the most common clinical manifestation is regional lymphadenopathy, but clinical recognition may be difficult, as atypical manifestations may occur. the diagnosis is confirmed with serologic testing and histology is rarely needed. this paper is based on our experience with the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis ...	2000	11009305
optic disk edema associated with peripapillary serous retinal detachment: an early sign of systemic bartonella henselae infection.	to describe optic disk edema associated with peripapillary serous retinal detachment as an early sign of systemic bartonella henselae infection.	2000	11020412
ocular bartonellosis.	to review recent advances in the basic and clinical biology of bartonella-related eye disease.	2000	11020414
experimental evidence of host specificity of bartonella infection in rodents.	a large number of bartonella species and genetic variants were compared for their ability to cause bacteremia in different rodent species: the cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus), white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), balb/c mouse and wistar rat. experimental data supported field observations that host specificity can occur among certain bartonella species and rodent species. bacteremia could only be readily produced in cotton rats or white-footed mice if the strains used for inoculation were ori ...	2000	11038125
[the niches and pathways of animal pathogens].	infectious diseases are not a relict of the past but a topical phenomenon determined by complex evolution of the currently existing and constantly changing microbial agents and their hosts. with regard to abundance of species within the microbial kingdom and rate of its changes and development, it is difficult to predict the role of the microbial factor in mortality of humans and animals. the study and generalization of sequential similarities of microbial virulence factors after the completion ...	2000	11039207
pseudoinfectious mononucleosis: a presentation of bartonella henselae infection.	six children presented during one year with clinical features of infectious mononucleosis, but with laboratory findings of leucocytosis with neutrophilia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hypergammaglobulinaemia. serology for epstein-barr virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and toxoplasma gondii was negative, while anti-bartonella henselae igm with high igg titre (>/=1/1024) was present in all. all children had contact with kittens. no specific treatment was administered and all rec ...	2000	11040157
rickettsia prowazekii and bartonella henselae: differences in the intracellular life styles revisited.	within the alpha subdivision of proteobacteria, the arthropod-borne human pathogens rickettsia prowazekii and bartonella henselae provide examples of bacteria with obligate and facultative intracellular life styles, respectively. the complete genome sequence of r. prowazekii has been published, whereas the sequencing of the b. henselae genome is in its final stage. here, we provide a brief overview of a comparative analysis of both genomes based on the delineated metabolic properties. the relati ...	2000	11045918
[peripheral lymphadenopathy in childhood--recommendations for diagnostic evaluation].	enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes most commonly caused by a local inflammatory process is frequently seen in childhood. the aim of the present study was to analyze the most common causes of peripheral lymphadenopathy and to develop a simple algorithm for the primary diagnostic evaluation of peripheral lymph node enlargement in this age group.	2000	11048289
immune aspects of bartonella.	bartonella species have been recognized as important human pathogens only recently. until the early 1990s, this genus was represented by one species, bartonella bacilliformis. the recent identification of other bartonella species as the agents of cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis has left little doubt of their emerging importance as opportunistic human pathogens. over the last decade, extensive research has been performed on bartonella species, resulting in an explosion in our knowl ...	2000	11052646
[when cats scratch].		2000	11059029
coyotes (canis latrans) as the reservoir for a human pathogenic bartonella sp.: molecular epidemiology of bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii infection in coyotes from central coastal california.	bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was originally isolated from a dog suffering infectious endocarditis and was recently identified as a zoonotic agent causing human endocarditis. following the coyote bite of a child who developed clinical signs compatible with bartonella infection in santa clara county, calif., this epidemiological study was conducted. among 109 coyotes (canis latrans) from central coastal california, 31 animals (28%) were found to be bacteremic with b. vinsonii subsp. berkh ...	2000	11060089
serodiagnosis of bartonella bacilliformis infection by indirect fluorescence antibody assay: test development and application to a population in an area of bartonellosis endemicity.	bartonella bacilliformis causes bartonellosis, a potentially life-threatening emerging infectious disease seen in the andes mountains of south america. there are no generally accepted serologic tests to confirm the disease. we developed an indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa) test for the detection of antibodies to b. bacilliformis and then tested its performance as an aid in the diagnosis of acute bartonellosis. the ifa is 82% sensitive in detecting b. bacilliformis antibodies in acute-phase bl ...	2000	11060108
pathogenic mechanisms of bartonella quintana.	bartonella quintana is an epi- and intracellular gram-negative rod responsible for both acute and chronic clinical manifestations. we review the literature about pathogenic mechanisms of b. quintana and discuss our data. our efforts to clarify bartonella quintana pathogenesis run on two parallel tracks. the first one concerns interactions between bartonella quintana and endothelial cells by evaluation and modulation of apoptosis, signal transduction pathways and inflammation. the second one conc ...	2000	11061635
bactericidal effect of antibiotics on bartonella and brucella spp.: clinical implications.	the species bartonella and brucella are phylogenetically closely related bacteria, both of which can produce chronic infections in humans that are difficult to cure with antibiotics. mics of antibiotics for both species correlate poorly with the in vivo efficacy of the antibiotics. in this study we have determined mbcs of several antibiotics for this group of pathogens. only the aminoglycosides were bactericidal, and this correlates well with the usefulness of these antibiotics for the therapy o ...	2000	11062204
failure to detect bartonella henselae infection in synovial fluid from sufferers of chronic arthritis.	bartonella henselae causes granulomatous and indolent infection in the immune competent human, and angioproliferation in the context of persistent infection and impaired immunity. this bacterium is found in up to 40% of household cats, from which humans acquire it by either a cat scratch or a bite (hence the name, cat-scratch disease). approximately 5% of australian and us blood donors have serological evidence of past infection, but most associated illnesses are mild or subclinical. a number of ...	2000	11063291
bartonella henselae infection in british columbia: evidence for an endemic disease among humans.	human bartonellosis in north america is mainly associated with bartonella henselae, and the availability of laboratory diagnostic tools has significantly heightened awareness of the spectrum of human disease that is caused by this bacterium. we detail herein examples of illness in a pediatric population which serve to confirm that b. henselae-associated disease exists in british columbia. seroprevalence studies among asymptomatic adults and among children with symptomatic respiratory illness of ...	2000	11068677
disciforme keratitis caused by bartonella henselae: an unusual ocular complication in cat scratch disease.	cat scratch disease (csd) is a common infectious disease, however, its association with disciforme keratitis is a previously unreported ocular complication. with the use of the 16s rdna-pcr technique with subsequent dann sequencing on corneal material obtained by corneal scrape we were able to identify bartonella henselae in an unusual form of disciforme keratitis.	2000	11071035
[bacillary angiomatosis of the liver, a suspected ultrasound diagnosis?].	infections with bartonella henselae or bartonella quintana present with vasoproliferative lesions in skin and parenchymatous organs in immunocompromised patients. a case report of a 38-year-old patient with hiv infection and hepatitis b surface antigen status is described. the dominant clinical symptoms in our patient were fever and icterus. ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a picture similar to that of liver cirrhosis. irregular (echorich) nodes with hyper-vascularization were suspected to ...	2000	11072674
bartonella henselae and inflammatory bowel disease.	sustained fever and increased thickness of the distal ileum on ultrasound suggested crohn's disease in an adolescent boy. bartonella henselae infection was diagnosed by specific serology and the patient recovered. ileitis could be related to b. henselae infection.	2000	11072951
images in clinical medicine. bartonella neuroretinitis.		2000	11078771
hemin-binding surface protein from bartonella quintana.	bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever and a cause of endocarditis and bacillary angiomatosis in humans, has the highest reported in vitro hemin requirement for any bacterium. we determined that eight membrane-associated proteins from b. quintana bind hemin and that a approximately 25-kda protein (hbpa) was the dominant hemin-binding protein. like many outer membrane proteins, hbpa partitions to the detergent phase of a triton x-114 extract of the cell and is heat modifiable, displaying ...	2000	11083791
[neck abscess as primary manifestation of head and neck carcinoma: implications for diagnostic management].	neck abscesses and deep neck infections are common diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology. however, malignant lymph node metastases presenting as abscesses are uncommon and have rarely been described up to now.	2000	11089210
recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of cat scratch disease.	the cause of cat scratch disease (csd), first described in france in 1950 and in the united states in 1951, was unknown until 1983 when the bacterium in lymph nodes was detected using a warthin-starry silver stain. afipia felis has been an infrequent cause of csd since1988, when this gram-negative bacterium was first isolated from 10 patients with csd. in 1992 bartonella organisms were isolated from immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. an indirect fluorescent antibody test to detect b ...	2000	11095849
detection of serum antibodies to bartonella henselae and coxiella burnetii from japanese children and pregnant women.	the participation of bartonella henselae and coxiella burnetii in the pathogenesis of fever of unknown origin (fuo) and lymphadenopathy has not been completely clarified. prevalence of these two agents in japanese children is also unknown. serum igg and igm antibodies to b. henselae and to c. burnetii were examined by the indirect fluorescence antibody assay. enzyme immunoassay kits were used to detect serum igg and iga antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis. out of 200 healthy normal pregnant ...	2000	11099929
sonicated diagnostic immunoblot for bartonellosis.	two simple bartonella bacilliformis immunoblot preparation methods were developed. antigen was prepared by two different methods: sonication of whole organisms or glycine extraction. both methods were then tested for sensitivity and specificity. well-defined control sera were utilized in the development of these diagnostic immunoblots, and possible cross-reactions were thoroughly examined. sera investigated for cross-reaction with these diagnostic antigens were drawn from patients with brucellos ...	2000	10618267
species-specific monoclonal antibodies for rapid identification of bartonella quintana.	seven species-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to bartonella quintana were produced and characterized. the mabs were of the immunoglobulin g class and reacted only with 13 b. quintana strains in indirect microimmunofluorescence and western immunoblotting assays. they did not react with eight other bartonella spp., including bartonella henselae, the most closely related species, and a selected mab did also not react with nine other strains of gram-negative bacteria. the mabs reacted mainly w ...	2000	10618271
detection of selected fastidious bacteria.	the intent of this article is to describe the optimal methods for culture recovery of 7 fastidious bacteria: legionella species, brucella species, francisella tularensis, leptospira species, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella species, and bordetella species. these organisms share much in common beyond the fact that their genus names all end in the letter "a." culture recovery of these organisms, even from adequate clinical specimens, is logistically demanding, often costly, and lacking in both tim ...	2000	10619747
contact-dependent hemolytic activity distinct from deforming activity of bartonella bacilliformis.	although bartonella bacilliformis causes a severe anemia in humans, this study presents the first report of hemolytic activity by b. bacilliformis. the activity was not apparent in culture supernatants but was reliably detected when b. bacilliformis cells were centrifuged onto erythrocytes prior to incubation. abrogation of hemolytic activity by proteinase k treatment suggested the hemolysin was a bartonella protein. even though hemolysis required relatively long incubation times, de novo protei ...	2000	10612742
bartonella infection: a significant cause of native valve endocarditis necessitating surgical management.		2000	10612779
bacillary angiomatosis by bartonella quintana in an hiv-infected patient.	bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis are opportunistic infections caused by bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana, which occur in patients with late-stage infection. we report a case of bacillary angiomatosis in an hiv-infected patient with skin, bone, and probably liver involvement, the identification of the agent (b quintana ) was done by polymerase chain reaction in the skin specimen. the patient had complete regression of all lesions after a 6-month regimen of oral erythromyci ...	2000	10642694
sequence variation in the ftsz gene of bartonella henselae isolates and clinical samples.	in a search for methods for subtyping of bartonella henselae in clinical samples, we amplified and sequenced a 701-bp region in the 3' end of the ftsz gene in 15 b. henselae isolates derived from cats and humans in the united states and europe. the ftsz sequence variants that were discovered were designated variants bh ftsz 1, 2, and 3 and were compared with 16s rrna genotypes i and ii of the same isolates. there was no ftsz gene variation in the strains of 16s rrna type i, all of which were bh ...	2000	10655367
granulomatous disease associated with bartonella infection in 2 dogs.	shortly after removal of an engorged tick from the left ear, a 4-year-old greyhound was referred for evaluation of fever and a rapidly enlarging mass in the region of the left submandibular lymph node. histopathologic evaluation of the lymph node resulted in a diagnosis of severe granulomatous lymphadenitis. an 11-year-old mixed-breed dog was referred for evaluation of a 6-week history of serous nasal discharge. histologic examination of a surgical biopsy from a nasal mass indicated multifocal g ...	2000	10668815
prevalence of bartonella henselae antibody in florida panthers.	serum samples from 28 free-ranging florida panthers (puma concolor coryi) and seven mountain lions from texas (p. concolor stanleyana) living in south florida (usa) between 1997 to 1998 were tested for antibodies to bartonella henselae. twenty percent (7/35) of the samples were reactive to b. henselae antisera with a subspecies prevalence of 18% (5/ 28) for florida panthers and 28% (2/7) for cougars from texas (usa). there was not a significant sex related difference in infection rates among the ...	2000	10682759
peliosis hepatis in a dog infected with bartonella henselae.	a 6-year-old spayed female golden retriever was examined because of generalized weakness and abdominal distention. abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large quantity of peritoneal fluid. in addition, the liver appeared larger than normal and contained multiple, small, nodular masses and cyst-like structures. abdominal exploratory surgery was performed, and 5 l of serosanguineous peritoneal fluid was removed. gross lesions were not found in the stomach, kidneys, intestines, adrenal glands, or ur ...	2000	10687006
metal requirements of a diadenosine pyrophosphatase from bartonella bacilliformis: magnetic resonance and kinetic studies of the role of mn2+.	recombinant iala protein from bartonella bacilliformis is a monomeric adenosine 5'-tetraphospho-5'-adenosine (ap4a) pyrophosphatase of 170 amino acids that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ap4a, ap5a, and ap6a by attack at the delta-phosphorus, with the departure of atp as the leaving group [cartwright et al. (1999) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 256, 474-479]. when various divalent cations were tested over a 300-fold concentration range, mg2+, mn2+, and zn2+ ions were found to activate the enzyme, w ...	2000	10694402
conservation of the 17-kilodalton antigen gene within the genus bartonella.	the 17-kda antigen of bartonella henselae has previously been shown to elicit a strong humoral immune response in patients with cat scratch disease (csd) and to be useful in screening human serum samples for csd. in this study, pcr amplification of genes homologous to the 17-kda antigen gene of b. henselae was performed using genomic dnas from several species of bartonella, including the currently recognized human pathogens. amplicons of similar size were demonstrated using the following chromos ...	2000	10702501
in vitro susceptibilities of rickettsia and bartonella spp. to 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin as determined by immunofluorescent antibody analysis of infected vero cell monolayers.	the in vitro susceptibilities of rickettsia akari, rickettsia conorii, rickettsia prowazekii, rickettsia rickettsii, bartonella elizabethae, bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana to different concentrations of clarithromycin, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin (the primary metabolite of clarithromycin) and tetracycline in vero cell cultures, were determined by enumeration of immunofluorescently-stained bacilli. the extent of antibiotic-induced inhibition of foci was recorded for each dilution of an ...	2000	10702548
are bartonella emerging and re-emerging pathogens in southern africa?		2000	10721382
parapharyngeal abscess due to cat-scratch disease.	the spectrum of illness attributed to cat-scratch disease (csd) continues to expand. although a common cause of cervical adenitis in children, csd has not been associated as a cause of deep fascial space infections of the head and neck. we describe a child with extensive parapharyngeal adenitis and abscesses due to csd confirmed by histological and serological evaluations.	2000	10722453
patterns of infection of haemoparasites in the fat sand rat, psammomys obesus, in tunisia, and effect on the host.	two bacterial and one protozoan blood parasite, belonging to the genera bartonella, borrelia and babesia, were studied in a tunisian population of psammomys obesus. seasonal changes in the abundance of the parasites and host were monitored in a longitudinal field survey lasting 17 months. blood samples collected during eight rodent-trapping sessions, between september 1995 and january 1997, were examined microscopically. bartonella sp. showed a seasonal pattern, with most transmission occurring ...	2000	10723524
bartonellosis. new and old.	the number of species that comprise the family of bartonellaceae, genus bartonella, has recently increased from one to 11 species, five of which have been associated with different diseases and syndromes in humans. the rapidly growing number of human pathogens has led several investigators to regard bartonellosis and other associated syndromes as important emerging infectious diseases. this article presents the history and epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of bartonellosi ...	2000	10738670
a bacteriophage-like particle from bartonella bacilliformis.	bartonella bacilliformis and bartonella henselae, the respective agents of oroya fever and cat-scratch disease in humans, are known to produce bacteriophage-like particles (blps) that package 14 kbp segments of the host chromosome. data from this study suggest that other bartonella species including bartonella quintana, bartonella doshiae and bartonella grahamii also contain similar blps, as evidenced by the presence of a 14 kbp extrachromosomal dna element in their genomes, whereas bartonella e ...	2000	10746763
bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii as an agent of afebrile blood culture-negative endocarditis in a human.	we report a case of endocarditis in a human infected with bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, which causes bacteremia and endocarditis in dogs. bacterial identification was established by pcr amplification and sequencing of an intergenic spacer region (its1), 16s ribosomal dna, and a gene encoding citrate synthase (glta). bartonella antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence.	2000	10747175
[cat-scratch disease].	we report a case of fourteen years old boy with cat scratch disease. he was treated at pediatric clinic in january and february 2000. cat scratch disease is benign infectious chronic disease which appears in all ages. it begins after contact with cat and its scratch. yearly incidence of this disease for whole population is 0.77-0.86/100.000. the cause is bacillus bartonella which is also called genus rochalimaea. it is gram negative, mobile, aerobe bacillus with ten flagellas on one pole. our pa ...	2000	11219917
quantitative analysis of valvular lesions during bartonella endocarditis.	cardiac valve pathology was evaluated in 15 patients with confirmed diagnosis of bartonella endocarditis. ten were infected by bartonella quintana and 5 by bartonella henselae. histologic features of these cases, including fibrosis, calcification, vegetation, pattern of inflammation, and vascularization, were compared with those of valves from 25 cases of non-bartonella endocarditis as controls using a computerized quantitative image analysis. pathologic and immunohistologic testing for localiza ...	2000	11338477
cervical lymphadenitis and cat scratch disease (csd): an overlooked disease?	cat scratch disease (csd) is a benign disease characterized by regional lymphadenopathy affecting most frequently the head and neck region in children and young adults. in the present paper, the authors describe four cases of csd focusing on clinical history, diagnostic management and therapy. the main germ responsible for this lymph node disease is bartonella henselae. diagnosis is based on history, serology and histological findings. clinical evolution is generally favorable despite the fact t ...	2000	11205454
detection of bartonella henselae and afipia felis dna by polymerase chain reaction in specimens from patients with cat scratch disease.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and colorimetric identification of amplicons were performed to detect bartonella henselae and afipia felis dna in specimens from patients who were clinically and histologically suspected of having cat scratch disease. pcr products were revealed using 2% ethidium bromide agarose-gel electrophoresis and identified with specific probes in a commercial colorimetric hybridization assay (deia) (gen-eti-k; diasorin, italy). six paraffin-embedded lymph node ...	2000	11205638
interaction of bartonella henselae with endothelial cells results in rapid bacterial rrna synthesis and replication.	bartonella henselae is a slow-growing microorganism and the causative pathogen of bacillary angiomatosis in man. here, we analysed how interaction of b. henselae with endothelial cells might affect bacterial growth. for this purpose, bacterial rrna production and ribosome content was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) using rrna-targeted fluorescence-labelled oligonucleotide probes. b. henselae grown on agar plates showed no detectable rrna content by means of fish, whereas ...	2000	11207598
an update on human bartonelloses.	the data available on bartonella species has increased rapidly in the last decade with 12 new species and subspecies being described and bartonellas being found to be associated with an increasing spectrum of clinical syndromes in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. in addition b. weissii is found in cats. this rapid expansion of knowledge has come about with the development of new culture and molecular biology techniques to isolate and identify the organisms. much of the information ...	2000	11317589
cat-scratch disease.	cat-scratch disease (csd) was first described by debré in 1950, yet the causative bacterial agent of csd remained obscure until 1992, when bartonella (formerly rochalimaea) henselae was implicated in csd by serological and microbiologic studies. bartonella henselae had initially been linked to bacillary angiomatosis (ba), a vascular proliferative disease most commonly associated with long-standing human immunodeficiency virus infection or other significant immunosuppression. bartonella henselae ...	2000	11189710
determination of the rpob gene sequences of bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana for phylogenic analysis.	using the genome walker procedure, which allows pcr amplification of genomic dna using a single gene-specific primer and direct automated sequencing methodology, we obtained the nucleotide sequence of the rna polymerase beta subunit (rpob) from bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana. a phylogenetic tree constructed from these data and other rpob sequences available in genbank is, in part, consistent with those previously derived from 16s rrna gene sequences and confirms the position of bart ...	2000	11191808
three cases of cat scratch disease diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay and/or polymerase chain reaction of 16s rrna gene of bartonella henselae.	three suspected cases of cat scratch disease were diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay and/or polymerase chain reaction. patient 1 was a 10-year-old female who presented swelling of the right axillary [corrected] lymph nodes with pain and fever. she kept a kitten, and many scratches were observed on her both legs and dorsum manus. antibody titers against bartonella (b.) henselae were 1:32 for igm 3 weeks after the onset of the symptoms and 1:64 for igg 8 weeks after the onset. ...	2000	11193351
[ecological aspects of human pathogens ehrlichia and bartonella].	the review presents data on the natural circulation of bartonellas and erlichias with the participation of lice, fleas, mosquitoes, ixodes ticks, as well as rodents, large wild mammals, and domestic animals. it outlines the human infection routes that are mainly associated with the attack of infected carriers and with the contacts with different warm-blooded animals. the risk of bartonellosis spread is evidenced by the data showing that 12.3% of clothes lice collected from homeless individuals i ...	1999	11220997
beware what you eat and drink, even while on haart.	people infected with hiv who are treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) are staying healthier for longer than ever before, but they still need to be cautious of exposure to foodborne and waterborne bacteria. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) lists several pathogens which can be dangerous to persons with hiv/aids, including mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and cryptococcosis. people with hiv who are infected by these pathogens tend to suffer from more severe ...	1999	11366423
vegetative endocarditis in six cats.	between 1990 and 1997 vegetative endocarditis was diagnosed in six neutered cats (three males, three females) aged between 3 and 9 years. two cats were purebred (one persian and one tonkinese), the remaining four being domestic short haired cats. the diagnosis was made using echocardiography (five cases) or at necropsy (one case). concurrent involvement of the aortic and mitral valve was noted in four cats, the aortic valve alone was affected in one case, and the tricuspid valve in another. a li ...	1999	11919032
[extraction and characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of bartonella quintana]	bartonella quintana has been reported as the cause of trench fever, persistent endocarditis, bacteriaemia and has been isolated with an increasing incidence in clinical specimens from aids patients. one of the main pathogenic factors of gram-negative bacteria, including b. quintana, is the lipopolysaccharide (lps). however, very little information is available on the features of bartonella lps. the aim of the present study was to extract, purify and characterise b. quintana lps. the effect of th ...	1999	12759589
hhv-8 (kshv) is not associated with bacillary angiomatosis.	bacillary angiomatosis is a rare pseudoneoplastic angioproliferative lesion occurring in patients with aids. this condition has been associated with bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana infections. human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) is thought to be the causative agent of kaposi's sarcoma, a vasoproliferative neoplasm, also commonly found in patients with aids. the presence of hhv-8 in a cohort of patients with bacillary angiomatosis was investigated.	1999	10748868
seroprevalence of bartonella henselae among hiv-1 infected patients in japan.		1999	10655688
[seroepidemiology of bartonella henselae infection in hiv-infected patients].	bartonella henselae infections are closely related to numerous clinical infections of growing interest in spain. since immunosuppressed patients are a potential risk group for infection by this bacteria, the aim of the present was to study the seroepidemiology of b. henselae infection in a risk group (patients with hiv infection) and in a control group (donors).	1999	10614075
[cat scratch disease].		1999	10635816
prevalence of bartonella henselae and bartonella clarridgeiae in an urban indonesian cat population.	we studied evidence of bartonella henselae and bartonella clarridgeiae infection in 54 cats living in jakarta, indonesia. by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, we found immunoglobulin g antibody to b. henselae in 40 of 74 cats (54%). the blood of 14 feral cats was cultured on rabbit blood agar plates for 28 days. bartonella-like colonies were identified as b. henselae or b. clarridgeiae by using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing of the pcr amplicons ...	1999	9874661
the gene, iala, associated with the invasion of human erythrocytes by bartonella bacilliformis, designates a nudix hydrolase active on dinucleoside 5'-polyphosphates.	iala, one of two genes associated with the invasion of human red blood cells by bartonella bacilliformis, the causative agent of several diseases, has been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the protein, iala, contains an amino acid array characteristic of a family of enzymes, the nudix hydrolases, active on a variety of nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. iala has been purified, identified, and characterized as an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of members of a class of signaling nucleo ...	1999	9880487
images in clinical medicine. cat scratch disease.		1999	9887162
chronic bartonella quintana bacteremia in homeless patients.	infection with bartonella quintana can cause trench fever, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis. an outbreak of bacteremia due to b. quintana has been reported among homeless people in seattle, and the seroprevalence is high among homeless people in both the united states and europe. body lice are known to be the vectors of b. quintana.	1999	9895398
expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human granulomas and histiocytic reactions.	inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) is required in immune response against infections and is involved in granuloma formation in animals; in murine macrophages, inos is induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. in contrast, the role of inos in human immune response against infections is still questioned, and its expression in granulomas is poorly investigated. using western blotting and immunohistochemistry, we investigated inos expression in human lymph nodes with nonspecific reacti ...	1999	9916929
cat-scratch disease.		1999	9917765
management of b. henselae neuroretinitis in cat-scratch disease.		1999	9917766
vaccination of cats against emerging and reemerging zoonotic pathogens.	many of the emerging infectious agents that threaten the human population are either directly zoonotic or involve animals, rather than humans, as their primary reservoir in nature. vaccination of animals may be an important consideration for control of some of these diseases, and this review has specifically focused on the concept of vaccinating cats in the prevention of infection with t. gondii, b. henselae, and h. pylori. if we return to the considerations that were presented in table iii, t. ...	1999	9890026
[bartonellosis. ii. other bartonella responsible for human diseases].	in addition to bartonella henselae, five other bartonella species were involved in human pathology. as for b. henselae, ectoparasites seem to be responsible for the transmission of most or all these bacterial species. b. bacilliformis is responsible for carrion's disease that occurs in some valleys of colombia, ecuador and peru. this disease is transmitted by biting of infected sandflies. the bacterial reservoir is constituted by humans only. that disease occurs either as an acute form with seve ...	1999	9920964
[trench fever].		1999	10201203
evaluation of human seroreactivity to bartonella species in sweden.	among the species that compose the expanding genus bartonella, thus far only b. henselae and b. quintana have reportedly been isolated from humans in europe. to evaluate the prevalence of bartonella infection in sweden, we conducted a retrospective serological examination of 126 human serum samples. these samples were analyzed for antibodies to b. henselae, b. quintana, and b. elizabethae. serum samples from 100 blood donors, who spanned the ages of 20 to 60 and had no apparent clinical signs of ...	1999	10203491
clinical and pathologic evaluation of chronic bartonella henselae or bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats.	human bartonella infections result in diverse medical presentations, whereas many cats appear to tolerate chronic bacteremia without obvious clinical abnormalities. eighteen specific-pathogen-free cats were inoculated with bartonella henselae- and/or bartonella clarridgeiae-infected cat blood and monitored for 454 days. relapsing bacteremia did not correlate with changes in protein profiles or differences in antigenic protein recognition. intradermal skin testing did not induce a delayed type hy ...	1999	10203518
bartonella spp infection as a possible cause of uveitis in a cat.	a 6-year-old castrated mixed-breed cat was evaluated because of unilateral anterior uveitis. the cat was seronegative for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, coronaviruses, and feline immunodeficiency virus, and antigens for felv p27 and cryptococcus neoformans. antibodies to bartonella spp were detected in serum and aqueous humor. the antibody coefficient (c value) for igg antibodies to bartonella spp in the aqueous humor was 4.42; values > 1 suggest ocular production of antibodies and supports a ...	1999	10212684
cat-scratch disease causing status epilepticus in children.	status epilepticus from cat-scratch encephalopathy is often recalcitrant to usual therapies, causing treatment to focus on critical care management of the patient that may require aggressive interventions, such as continuous pentobarbital administration. we describe two children whose initial clinical presentation of cat-scratch disease was status epilepticus with normal cerebrospinal fluid studies. a history of cat exposure (specifically, kitten and/or fleas), regional lymphadenopathy, and a pa ...	1999	9932833
body lice as tools for diagnosis and surveillance of reemerging diseases.	body lice are vectors of three bacteria which cause human disease: rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus; bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever; and borrelia recurrentis, the agent of relapsing fever. a recrudescence of body lice is being observed as the numbers of individuals living under social conditions which predispose individuals to infestation have increased. because this phenomenon may lead to the reemergence of infections transmitted by body lice, we aimed to asse ...	1999	9986818
bartonella alsatica sp. nov., a new bartonella species isolated from the blood of wild rabbits.	bartonella species are considered as emerging human pathogens, with at least six different species pathogenic or possibly pathogenic for humans. however, little is known about bartonella distribution, species polymorphism and pathogenicity in mammalian species. the objective of this work was to determine the presence, the frequency and the distribution of bartonella species in wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) caught in warrens in alsace, france. humans may come into contact with wild rabbits ...	1999	10028274
bartonella henselae infection associated with peripapillary angioma, branch retinal artery occlusion, and severe vision loss.	to report atypical clinical features of bartonella henselae neuroretinitis treated with combination antibiotics.	1999	10030575
interactions of bartonella henselae with vascular endothelial cells.	the emerging human pathogen bartonella henselae has the remarkable capacity to colonise vascular tissues and to stimulate vasoproliferative tumour growth. although the molecular principle of bacterium-induced neovascularisation (angiogenesis) is still unclear, recent studies have indicated a novel mechanism of endothelial colonisation that involves the formation, engulfment and uptake of a large bacterial aggregate.	1999	10047560
bone pain after lymphadenitis. bartonella henselae granulomatous osteitis.		1999	10048617
cat-scratch disease with paravertebral mass and osteomyelitis.	the case of a 9-year-old girl with cat-scratch disease (csd) complicated by development of a paravertebral mass and osteomyelitis is presented. following multiple scratches and inguinal lymphadenopathy, she developed back pain, and imaging demonstrated a paravertebral mass with evidence of osteomyelitis involving vertebra t9. the diagnosis was made on the basis of detection of bartonella henselae by use of molecular techniques on an aspirate from the vertebral column and supportive serology for ...	1999	10064243
[cat-scratch disease: series of 14 cases. the diagnostic usefulness of serology].	disease by cat scratch (csd) is a syndrome characterized by regional adenopathies following cat scratch or bite. despite knowing the etiologic agent of the same, there is still controversy in the diagnosis of the syndrome in daily clinical practice.	1999	10069107
detection of bartonella henselae dna by two different pcr assays and determination of the genotypes of strains involved in histologically defined cat scratch disease.	cat scratch disease (csd) is a common cause of subacute regional lymphadenopathy, not only in children but also in adults. serological and molecular studies demonstrated that bartonella henselae is the etiologic agent in most cases of csd. amplification of b. henselae dna in affected tissue and detection of antibodies to b. henselae are the two mainstays in the laboratory diagnosis of csd. we designed a retrospective study and investigated formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from 60 pa ...	1999	10074515
bartonella koehlerae sp. nov., isolated from cats.	two of the 25 bartonella isolates recovered during a prevalence study of bartonella henselae bacteremia in domestic cats from the greater san francisco bay region were found to differ phenotypically and genotypically from all prior b. henselae isolates. these isolates, c-29 and c-30, which were recovered from the blood of two pet cats belonging to the same household, grew on chocolate agar as pinpoint colonies following 14 days of incubation at 35 degrees c in a candle jar but failed to grow on ...	1999	10074535
involvement of host cell tyrosine phosphorylation in the invasion of hep-2 cells by bartonella bacilliformis.	we have provided evidence that exposure of human cells to protein kinase inhibitors results in decreased invasion of these cells by bartonella bacilliformis in a dose-dependent manner. preincubation of human laryngeal epithelial cells in the presence of genistein, a tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor, decreased the invasion of these cells by b. bacilliformis significantly. further, exposure of normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells to staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase c a ...	1999	10077844
[prevalence of serum igg antibody against bartonella henselae in an asymptomatic japanese population].		1999	10077908
cat scratch disease diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction in a patient with suspected tuberculous lymphadenitis.	we present a patient diagnosed as having tuberculous lymphadenitis after lymph node biopsy and referred for tuberculous therapy. on review, because of recent cat exposure, she was tested for cat scratch disease (csd), but serological tests for bartonella henselae were negative. however, the diagnosis of csd was confirmed, and tuberculosis excluded, by polymerase chain reaction techniques. this case serves as a reminder that csd may mimic tuberculosis histologically and that sensitive molecular d ...	1999	10078182
the iala invasion gene of bartonella bacilliformis encodes a (de)nucleoside polyphosphate hydrolase of the mutt motif family and has homologs in other invasive bacteria.	the product of the iala invasion gene of bartonella bacilliformis has been expressed as a thioredoxin fusion protein. it is a (di)nucleoside polyphosphate hydrolase of the mutt motif protein family with strong sequence similarity to plant diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolases. it hydrolyses nucleoside and dinucleoside polyphosphates with four or more phosphate groups, always producing an ntp as one product. diadenosine tetraphosphate (ap4a) is the preferred substrate with a km of 10 microm and a ...	1999	10080922
bartonella quintana in body lice collected from homeless persons in russia.		1999	10081691
[cat scratch disease].		1999	10088350
[bartonellosis].		1999	10088493
haemobartonellosis in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus): antagonism between haemobartonella sp. and experimental plasmodium falciparum malaria.	a hemotropic parasite of the genus haemo bartonella (rickettsial parasite of the family anaplasmataceae) is responsible for latent asymptomatic infection in colony-born saimiri monkeys. indeed, many of these animals develop a patent haemobartonella infection following splenectomy. such patent parasitism is characterized by an intense haemobartonella parasitemia which peaks between days 12 and 14 after removal of the spleen and then decreases to become undetectable between days 25 and 30. during ...	1999	10092473
[bartonella infection in humans].	bartonella bacilliformis: among the 3 species of bartonella known to be human pathogens, b. bacilliformis causes carriun's disease, which manifests an acute phase (oroya fever) and a chronic phase marked by benign skin eruption with wart like macules of vascular origin. until 1993, b. bacilliformis was considered to be the only species in bartonella genus. in 1993, species formally in the rochalimaea genus were designated as bartonella species. bartonella quintana: this species causes trench fev ...	1999	10093604