Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| differential extraction of antigens of anaplasma marginale. | strain-, group-, and genus-specific antigens of the florida isolate of anaplasma marginale had different solubilities in zwitterionic, nonionic, and anionic detergents. on the basis of their solubility in nonionic detergent, antigens were grouped into 3 classes: (i) a 108-kilodalton (kd) group-specific antigen and a series of poorly defined antigens (70 to 100 kd) were completely soluble in nonionic detergent; (ii) 96 kd and 75 kd group-specific antigens, and a 91-kd strain-specific antigen were ... | 1988 | 2450497 |
| nucleic acid levels in anaplasma marginale during experimentally induced bovine anaplasmosis. | the dna and rna concentrations in uninfected and anaplasma marginale-infected bovine erythrocytes were determined. bovine anaplasmosis was experimentally induced and the nucleic acid levels were followed during the development of the a. marginale infection. two distinct growth stages were found, the "multiplication" stage and the "transfer" stage. based on this hypothetycal developmental cycle, the amount of dna and rna per anaplasma initial body was estimated as 73.1 x 10(-3) pg and 45.7 x 10(- ... | 1988 | 2451913 |
| recognition of conserved surface protein epitopes on anaplasma centrale and anaplasma marginale isolates from israel, kenya and the united states. | 1988 | 2452797 | |
| preliminary studies of the development of anaplasma marginale in salivary glands of adult, feeding dermacentor andersoni ticks. | on each day of feeding on susceptible calves, salivary glands obtained from groups of adult ticks that transmitted anaplasma marginale were examined for a marginale colonies by use of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. on day 8 of feeding, salivary glands were examined, using fluorescein-labeled antibody and methyl green-pyronine stain. use of fluorescein-labeled antibody consistently revealed small numbers of fluorescent foci in salivary gland acinar cells obtained from tick ... | 1988 | 2458688 |
| isolation and restriction endonuclease cleavage of anaplasma marginale dna in situ in agarose. | bacterial restriction endonucleases were used to produce dna cleavage patterns that could be useful as tools to study the relatedness among anaplasma marginale isolates. bovine erythrocytes infected with a. marginale were lysed, washed, and embedded in agarose. the embedded erythrocytes and bacterial pathogens were partially digested by sequential infiltration of the agarose with acetone, lysozyme, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and proteinase k. the unfragmented genomic dna was left supported and prot ... | 1988 | 2838504 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to anaplasma centrale. | 1988 | 3172604 | |
| [natural infection with anaplasma marginale in cattle of the hereford, criolla, and nelore breeds in tucumán, argentina]. | 1988 | 3175379 | |
| a sensitive elisa technique for the diagnosis of anaplasma marginale infections. | a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique using a horse radish peroxidase conjugate is described for measuring anaplasma marginale antibodies in bovine serum. this technique utilizes two antigen preparations, a 'negative' antigen derived from an animal prior to infection and a 'positive' antigen derived from a. marginale-infected red cells from the same animal following infection. this markedly reduces cross-reactions which are a result of isoantigens. absorbance values obt ... | 1988 | 3176298 |
| effect of chemotherapy on semen characteristics of balami rams infected with anaplasma ovis. | six intact balami rams were experimentally infected with anaplasma ovis. another six were infected one month after splenectomy and six others served as controls. clinical manifestations of the disease, first observed between 5 to 7 days post-infection, were more severe and prolonged in the splenectomised-infected than in the intact-infected group. there was progressive deterioration in semen quality, which was also significantly more severe and prolonged in the splenectomised than in the intact- ... | 1988 | 3188380 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasmosis and babesiosis in livestock on st lucia, 1983. | 1988 | 3194971 | |
| the significance of eperythrozoon ovis in ill-thrift in sheep in the eastern cape coastal areas of south africa. | ill-thrift in sheep in the coastal region of the eastern cape is described. it is shown to be a complex problem attributable to many causes, most of which can be eliminated by supplementary feeding, drenching, vaccination, dipping and management. however, studies on the aetiology of ill-thrift in young sheep indicate that arthropod-borne anaemia-producing pathogens are an important contributing factor, which cannot readily be diagnosed and controlled. experiments were conducted on various farms ... | 1988 | 3210217 |
| hybridization of dna probes to a. marginale isolates from different sources and detection in dermacentor andersoni ticks. | dna from the washington, south-idaho, virginia and florida isolates of anaplasma marginale was hybridized to probes specific for anaplasma centrale and a. marginale. the a. centrale probes ac-2 and ac-4 hybridized to identical bands on all of these isolates. the hybridization patterns suggests that the virginia, florida and the south african isolates are similar. a number of bands were obtained with the washington isolate which differed from those obtained with the other isolates. probe ac-2 cou ... | 1988 | 3217095 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using solubilised antigen for detection of antibodies to anaplasma marginale. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect antibodies against anaplasma marginale. a marginale bodies were separated from parasitised erythrocytes by a modified nitrogen decompression method, sonicated, then solubilised with triton x-100 and used as the elisa antigen. in this elisa system the required amount of antigen protein was 16.2 ng for each well. in the course of experimental infections, of calves, significant antibody levels were detected by elisa and the complement ... | 1988 | 3238774 |
| prevalence of anaplasmosis and babesiosis in n'dama cattle of the gambia. | sera from 184 n'dama cattle randomly selected and averaging 2-7 years of age were tested for the presence of specific antibodies to anaplasma marginale, babesia bovis and b. bigemina, using one or more serological tests including complement fixation, rapid card agglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa). tests for a. marginale and b. bovis were essentially negative. utilising the ifa test 65% of the sera tested were positive for b. bigemina. three randomly selected two-year-old n'dama ... | 1988 | 3281338 |
| bovine leucosis virus contamination of a vaccine produced in vivo against bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. | contamination of a batch of tick fever (babesiosis and anaplasmosis) vaccine with bovine leucosis virus (blv) was detected when a herd, in the final stages of an enzootic bovine leucosis (ebl) accreditation program, developed a large number of seropositive cattle following use of tick fever vaccine. investigations incriminated a single calf used to produce anaplasma centrale vaccine from which 13,959 doses were distributed. the failure of this calf to give a positive agar gel immunodiffusion (ag ... | 1988 | 2847702 |
| monoclonal antibodies that distinguish trypanosoma congolense, t. vivax and t. brucei. | monoclonal antibodies (moabs) were derived against in-vitro-propagated procyclic forms of trypanosoma congolense, t. vivax, t. brucei brucei and t.b. rhodesiense in order to identify antigens for use in immunodiagnosis of african trypanosomiasis. the antibodies have been tested against procyclic and bloodstream form trypanosomes of 13 t. congolense, six t. vivax six t.b. brucei, four t.b. rhodesiense, five t.b. gambiense and three t. simiae isolates from different geographical areas by indirect ... | 1987 | 3306569 |
| characterization of an immunoprotective protein complex of anaplasma marginale by cloning and expression of the gene coding for polypeptide am105l. | immunization with an anaplasma marginale surface protein complex containing two polypeptides (am105u and am105l), each having a molecular weight of 105,000, protected cattle against challenge with virulent organisms. these polypeptides were immunoprecipitated together from detergent extracts of a. marginale by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. after surface radioiodination of intact parasites, both am105u and am105l contained the radiolabel. to define the structural and antigenic relationships ... | 1987 | 2443451 |
| characterization of a neutralization-sensitive epitope on the am 105 surface protein of anaplasma marginale. | 1987 | 2448258 | |
| the persistence of colostral anaplasma antibodies and incidence of in utero transmission of anaplasma infections in calves under laboratory conditions. | twenty-six calves, born from 25 anaplasma-infected, intact and splenectomized cows, from a herd kept under strict tick-free laboratory conditions, were monitored for the presence of anaplasma antibodies, using the rapid card agglutination test. serum was collected at birth, weekly for 12 weeks, and then monthly for approximately 6 months. specific antibodies passively acquired could be detected in calf sera for an average period of 8 weeks after birth. calves that remained positive for longer th ... | 1987 | 3444609 |
| the taxonomic status of the causative agent of heartwater. | a fresh pragmatic classification of the rickettsias has been derived by applying the simplest techniques of numerical taxonomy. one order, the rickettsiales, containing 3 families, the rickettsiaceae, phagosomaphilaceae, and the bartonellaceae (?) is proposed. cowdria is classified as a genus along with chlamydia, coxiella and anaplasma in the tribe chlamydieae in the family phagosomaphilaceae. | 1987 | 3448563 |
| an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to diagnose babesia bovis infection in cattle. | the optimum gel filtration fraction from lysate of babesia bovis infected erythrocytes was determined for use as an antigen in an elisa to diagnose b. bovis infection in cattle. of four enzyme labels tested, horseradish peroxidase was the most suitable. the assay is both sensitive and specific in detecting antibody for 2-4 years after a single infection. false positive reactions were obtained only with some sera from some anaplasma marginale infected cattle. | 1987 | 3106957 |
| broiler pulmonary hypertension syndrome. i. increased right ventricular mass in broilers experimentally infected with aegyptianella pullorum. | infection with the obligatory intra-erythrocytic anaplasma-like rickettsia aegyptianella pullorum in 4-week-old broilers at a moderate altitude of 1,200 m produced a significant increase in the mean relative right ventricular (rv) mass (rv: tv) from 0.23 in the controls to 0.31 in the infected group. this was accompanied by an increase in the number of birds suffering from severe rv hypertrophy from 14.3% in the controls to 50% in the infected group. pulmonary hypertension and subsequent rv hype ... | 1987 | 2957638 |
| diseases of wapiti utilizing cattle range in southwestern alberta. | specimens from 28 wapiti (cervus elaphus canadensis) were collected by hunters in southwestern alberta in 1984. various tests were performed to detect infections and conditions that could affect cattle sharing the range or cause disease in wapiti. serum antibodies were present against leptospiral serovars autumnalis (25%), bratislava (4%), and icterohaemorrhagiae (8%), and the viruses of bovine virus diarrhea (52%), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (45%), and parainfluenza type 3 (13%). no sero ... | 1987 | 3029443 |
| detection of antibodies to anaplasma marginale by an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with sodium dodecyl sulfate-disrupted antigen. | sensitivities of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with particulate and sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-disrupted anaplasma marginale antigen were compared. the quotient of positive reference sera divided by the absorbance quotient of a negative reference serum at identical dilution was termed the signal-to-noise ratio. optimal signal-to-noise ratios were dependent on both pretreatment of antigen and antigen concentration. sds disruption of anaplasmal antigen resulted in a markedly im ... | 1987 | 3571472 |
| influence of imidocarb prophylaxis on the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. | 1987 | 3579755 | |
| experimental infections of anaplasma ovis in pronghorn antelope. | anaplasma ovis was experimentally transmitted from sheep to pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) and back to sheep. anaplasma ovis was recovered in splenectomized sheep, from two of three spleen-intact pronghorns following their inoculation with blood from known a. ovis carrier sheep. these two pronghorns exhibited a 0.5% or higher a. ovis parasitemia within 48 days after exposure, and an anaplasmosis-positive serological response 91 days after exposure. clinical signs of illness were not ... | 1987 | 3586197 |
| tick transmission of anaplasma centrale. | anaplasma centrale was isolated from a field collection of rhipicephalus simus. transstadial transmission of a. centrale with adult ticks was demonstrated, but the infection was not carried transovarially. ticks from this collection were subsequently reared as a non-infected, laboratory strain. it was proved that the onderstepoort live blood vaccine strain of a. centrale, isolated by theiler in 1911, is still tick transmissible after more than 75 years of needle passage through cattle in the lab ... | 1987 | 3587927 |
| the genome of anaplasma: dna base composition and dna/dna hybridization. | the tm value of dna from anaplasma centrale and anaplasma marginale was found to be 87.1 degrees c and 89.3 degrees c, respectively. the g + c content, calculated from the tm, was 45.1% for a. centrale and 48.5% for a. marginale. identical hybridization patterns were obtained when the dna from one species was hybridized to restriction endonuclease-digested dna from the other species. | 1987 | 3587929 |
| persistence of colonies of anaplasma marginale in overwintering dermacentor variabilis. | dermacentor variabilis were infected as nymphs with anaplasma marginale by allowing the ticks to feed on a single infected donor calf. two weeks after molting to the adult stage, the ticks were allotted into 1 of 3 groups and were allowed to overwinter at room temperature (25 c) in the laboratory (group 1), cold storage (4.5 c) in the laboratory (group 2), or outdoors in leaf litter (group 3). persistence of a marginale was assessed by determining density of colonies (number of colonies/0.1 mm2 ... | 1987 | 3592362 |
| tick infestations on livestock in the yemen arab republic and their potential as vectors of livestock diseases. | a survey of ticks on cattle, camels, sheep, goats and donkeys in four different geographical locations of the yemen arab republic (yar) was carried out to provide more information on the possible risk of tick-borne diseases to imported exotic cattle included in the yar's plans for livestock development. the most abundant ticks were hyalomma spp. particularly on camels. ticks found on cattle included hyalomma spp., amblyomma variegatum, boophilus annulatus and rhipicephalus spp. in general with t ... | 1987 | 3603710 |
| vaccination with anaplasma centrale: response after an experimental challenge with anaplasma marginale. | the haematological and clinical responses to vaccination with anaplasma centrale and to subsequent challenge with anaplasma marginale were evaluated. twenty holstein steers 14 to 16 months of age were divided into two groups of 12 and eight animals respectively (groups i and ii). group i was inoculated on day zero with 10(7) a. centrale-infected erythrocytes and group ii was kept as a control. on day 125 both groups were challenged with 5 x 10(7) a. marginale-infected erythrocytes. a. centrale i ... | 1987 | 3629722 |
| attempted transmission to cattle of anaplasma marginale from overwintered dermacentor andersoni ticks. | since the 1983 summer outbreak of anaplasmosis in southern saskatchewan, the role of the tick, dermacentor andersoni as an overwintering reservoir for anaplasma marginale has been questioned. the purpose of this study was to determine if spring-collected ticks carried virulent a. marginale. sixteen splenectomized calves were assigned randomly to two groups of 14 principals and two controls. adult d. andersoni, collected in april from areas having high transmission rates of a. marginale, were con ... | 1987 | 3651893 |
| bovine anaplasmosis: susceptibility of seronegative cows from an infected herd to experimental infection with anaplasma marginale. | adult cows from an anaplasma marginale-infected herd that were negative to the a marginale rapid card agglutination (rca) and complement fixation (cf) tests for 1 to 4 years developed acute anaplasmosis after inoculation with 0.5 ml of blood from an a marginale carrier cow. the test cattle were as susceptible as the control cattle of similar ages. also, 2 cows that had seroconverted from rca/cf-positive to rca/cf-negative status naturally were fully susceptible to anaplasmosis when they were exp ... | 1987 | 3818429 |
| ovine anaplasmosis: in utero transmission as it relates to stage of gestation. | seventeen mature, pregnant, anaplasmosis-susceptible and 3 anaplasmosis-carrier ewes were used in anaplasma ovis in utero transmission studies. susceptible ewes were arbitrarily allotted to 3 groups, 4 each in groups a and c and 9 in group b, and were inoculated with whole blood from a carrier ewe. each group was anaplasma-exposed once during one of the thirds of pregnancy. in all ewes, resulting parasitemias were low and anemias were mild. three carrier ewes comprised group d. blood samples wer ... | 1987 | 3826827 |
| infectivity of three anaplasma marginale isolates for dermacentor andersoni. | three isolates of anaplasma marginale--virginia (vam), illinois (iam), and florida (fam)--were compared for infectivity for dermacentor andersoni. the isolates were selected, in part, because of a tail-like appendage that has been demonstrated in the vam and iam, but not in the fam. ticks were exposed to the isolates as nymphs either naturally by feeding on a calf with anaplasmosis or artificially by percutaneous inoculation with infected bovine erythrocytes. they were examined for infectivity a ... | 1987 | 3826850 |
| dna probes for the detection of anaplasma centrale and anaplasma marginale. | anaplasmosis can be diagnosed either by immunological techniques or by direct microscopic examination of blood smears. both methods are time-consuming and labour intensive. the use of dna probes in an hybridization assay may simplify the diagnosis of anaplasmosis in cattle and sheep. a genomic dna library of anaplasma centrale was constructed in an expression vector and screened to detect clones containing a. centrale dna. four probes which hybridized to a. centrale and anaplasma marginale dna w ... | 1987 | 2832800 |
| field observations on adult zebu bulls immunised against anaplasmosis by infection and treatment plus integrated tick control. | fourteen adult zebu bulls which were negative for anaplasma marginale infection both serologically and on blood smear examinations were infected with a virulent nigerian isolate of a. marginale. forty days following the immunising infection when clinical reactions were established groups of seven animals were treated with either two doses of imidocarb dipropionate (2 x 5 mg/kg given intramuscularly 14 days apart) or a single intramuscular dose of long-acting oxytetracycline (5 mg/kg). following ... | 1986 | 3705174 |
| spherocytosis associated with anaplasmosis in two cows. | spherocytes were detected on blood smears of 2 angus cows. the rbc from both cows had increased fragility in hypotonic saline solution, supporting the presence of spherocytes. other laboratory tests revealed a macrocytic, regenerative anemia with anisocytosis, polychromasia, basophilic stippling, howell-jolly bodies, nucleated rbc, and anaplasma marginale organisms. a complement-fixation test was positive for anaplasmosis in cow 1 and a direct coombs' test was positive for immunoglobulin g in bo ... | 1986 | 3710896 |
| detection of an anaplasma marginale common surface protein present in all stages of infection. | the establishment and maintenance of anaplasmosis-free cattle herds is impaired due to the lack of a rapid, sensitive, and specific serologic test to detect persistently infected cattle which serve as carriers for the organism. to develop an improved diagnostic test for anaplasmosis we screened anaplasma marginale initial body proteins to identify a protein common to antigenically different isolates that is recognized by the host immune system at all stages of infection. seronegative cattle were ... | 1986 | 3711298 |
| experimental anaplasmosis in american bison: persistence of infections of anaplasma marginale and non-susceptibility to a. ovis. | blood collected 314 and 496 days after experimentally infecting splenectomized and spleen-intact american bison (bison bison) with anaplasma marginale was infective for splenectomized bovine steers. the pathogenesis was identical to that seen in bovine studies using bovine blood inoculations. a splenectomized bison remained normal clinically, hematologically and serologically for 10 mo after repeated inoculation of ovine blood infected with a. ovis. | 1986 | 3712642 |
| test of the sheep ked melophagus ovinus (l) as a vector of anaplasma ovis lestoquard. | the sheep ked melophagus ovinus was evaluated as a possible vector of anaplasma ovis. in 4 tests, 45 to 293 keds were transferred from sheep with acute anaplasmosis, low level parasitemia, or carrier state of anaplasmosis to individual splenectomized ewes. keds were confined in stockinette cages attached to the dorsal midline of the recipient hosts for 10 days. throughout the 90-day observation periods after the keds were transferred, no clinical, serologic, or hematologic evidence of anaplasmos ... | 1986 | 3717726 |
| a microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring antibody to anaplasma marginale in cattle serum. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method is described for measuring antibody against anaplasma marginale in cattle serum. this method was more sensitive and objective than a previously described elisa method for a. marginale and possible reasons for this are discussed. all 83 cattle experimentally infected with a. marginale (81) or a. centrale (2) developed demonstrable specific antibody but the serums of 98.8% of 839 cattle from cattle tick-free areas did not react by elisa; 378 seru ... | 1986 | 3729834 |
| dynamics of anaplasma marginale in splenectomised calves treated with either imidocarb or oxytetracycline. | neither imidocarb dipropionate (at 5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly once or twice at a seven-day interval) nor oxytetracycline hydrochloride (at 20 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly once or twice at a seven-day interval) given to animals in the prepatent period of anaplasmosis, prevented the eventual onset of infection. both compounds delayed the onset of detectable parasitaemia but this action was more noticeable with oxytetracycline. oxytetracycline given twice significantly reduced the sev ... | 1986 | 3739000 |
| longevity of colonies of anaplasma marginale in midgut epithelial cells of dermacentor andersoni. | colonies of anaplasma marginale in midgut epithelial cells of experimentally infected dermacentor andersoni were studied in adult ticks 1, 3, and 6 months old. longevity of the parasite in ticks was assessed by evaluating its infectivity for splenectomized calves; calves were exposed by feeding ticks and by inoculation of tick gut homogenates. longevity was also evaluated by determining size, type, and density of colonies in male and female ticks. the effect of incubation (2.5 days at 37 c) on c ... | 1986 | 3752671 |
| percutaneous infection of nymphal dermacentor andersoni with anaplasma marginale. | newly replete nymphal dermacentor andersoni (principals) were percutaneously exposed to anaplasma marginale by injection of either intact or lysed infected bovine erythrocytes. control nymphs were fed on calves with anaplasmosis. the subsequently molted adults were examined for infection by light microscopy, and companion ticks were tested for infectivity by allowing them to feed on susceptible calves. when they fed as adults, both control ticks and percutaneously inoculated principals transmitt ... | 1986 | 3752672 |
| a column purification procedure for the removal of leucocytes from parasite-infected bovine blood. | a cellulose column procedure is described which removes white cells from bovine blood infected with babesia and anaplasma. the efficiency of this method was confirmed by the absence of white blood cell dna in lysates from column-filtered infected as well as non-infected blood. | 1986 | 3763171 |
| transmission of anaplasma marginale theiler by males of dermacentor andersoni stiles fed on an idaho field-infected, chronic carrier cow. | the role of ticks and carrier cattle in epizootics of bovine anaplasmosis was further clarified by demonstrating unequivocally, for the first time, that male ticks fed on a chronic carrier cow naturally infected with anaplasma marginale can transmit this parasite intrastadially and biologically when subsequently fed on susceptible cattle. these data indicate that field epizootics of acute anaplasmosis may be initiated by males of tick vector species that feed on carrier cattle and subsequently t ... | 1986 | 3777655 |
| anaplasma marginale, eperythrozoon wenyoni: lectin reactions with bovine erythrocytes. | normal bovine erythrocytes were agglutinated with four of five lectins specific for different oligosaccharides. the order of reactivity was wheat germ greater than ricin greater than soybean greater than peanut. concanavalin a did not agglutinate normal bovine erythrocytes. after neuraminidase treatment of normal bovine erythrocytes, each lectin agglutinated the cells with decreased concentrations of lectin, verifying that partial removal of sialic acid exposes more of each lectin's binding site ... | 1986 | 3943586 |
| immunization with an isolate-common surface protein protects cattle against anaplasmosis. | hemoparasitic diseases are endemic in half the world's livestock production areas and are the greatest obstacle to improved meat, milk, and fiber production in the third world. the most prevalent of these diseases, anaplasmosis, occurs throughout tropical and subtropical regions and is responsible for 50,000 to 100,000 cattle deaths annually in the united states alone. despite its prevalence and the severity of the losses, an effective immunoprophylaxis for anaplasmosis has not been developed. a ... | 1986 | 3945825 |
| isolate of anaplasma marginale not transmitted by ticks. | the tick-borne transmissibility of 2 isolates of anaplasma marginale was compared. dermacentor variabilis were exposed to a marginale as nymphs by feeding on 1 of 4 splenectomized calves during periods of ascending parasitemia (maximum 49% to 81% parasitized erythrocytes) induced by injection of a stabilate. tick-borne transmission was attempted, using 26 to 224 adult ticks within 30 to 220 days after molting. adult d variabilis did not transmit an illinois isolate of a marginale in 7 tick-borne ... | 1986 | 3946891 |
| observations on histamine, serotonin, cortisol and cortisol binding globulins in bovine anaplasmosis. | changes in histamine, serotonin, cortisol and cortisol binding globulin (cbg) levels were observed in anaplasma marginale-infected bovine calves. in addition, packed cell volume (pcv), platelet number and percentage parasitaemia were also recorded. the whole blood histamine and serotonin values rose significantly (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.025, respectively) during the acute stage of anaplasma infection. higher serum cortisol and cbg levels (p less than 0.05) were observed in acute and ... | 1986 | 3962160 |
| identification of antigens of two isolates of anaplasma marginale, using a western blot technique. | antigens of the illinois (iam) and florida (fam) isolates of anaplasma marginale were analyzed, using the western blot technique and antiserum from a marginale-infected calves. crude antigens were prepared from the parasitemic blood of each. antiserum was collected after the primary and recrudescent parasitemias. antigens were separated, using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. antigens were then transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes and exposed to test sera. antibodi ... | 1986 | 3963551 |
| epidemiologic aspects of bovine anaplasmosis in semiarid range conditions of south central idaho. | the prevalance of anaplasma marginale-infected cows, as determined by use of the modified rapid card agglutination (mrca) test, was measured during a 4-year period (1980-1983). the prevalence of a marginale-infected cows, defined as positive reactors on the mrca test, remained constant (31%-37%). the apparent incidence of a marginale transmission to susceptible cows was approximately 7% from 1980 to 1981, 8% from 1981 to 1982, and no transmission from 1982 to 1983. the occasional mrca-positive c ... | 1986 | 3963555 |
| frozen anaplasma centrale vaccine against anaplasmosis in cattle. | 1986 | 3594187 | |
| prevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and b. bovis in nigerian cattle using serological methods. | serum samples collected randomly from 500 cattle from the 10 northern states of nigeria were tested for antibodies against anaplasma marginale by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa), card agglutination (ct) and capillary tube-agglutination (ca) tests. the serum samples were also examined for antibodies to babesia bigemina and b. bovis by the ifa test only. of the serum samples tested, 79.4% had antibodies against a. marginale by the ifa test, 40 and 25% in the ct and ca tests, respectively. the ... | 1986 | 3538640 |
| anaplasmosis of small ruminants in nigeria: incidence and parasite identification through blood smear and latex agglutination test (lat). | a survey was carried out on the incidence of anaplasmosis in small ruminants at bodija abattoir, ibadan. 100 sheep and 200 goats were examined using and comparing two methods-the giemsa stained blood smear and serodiagnosis by latex agglutination technique. the sheep and goats examined were among those brought from various parts of northern states and some neighbouring countries like chad, benin, niger and burkina faso. 27% of the sheep and 17.5% of goats were positive for anaplasma bodies with ... | 1986 | 3557833 |
| serologic survey of selected pathogens in white-tailed and mule deer in western nebraska. | exposure of free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in western nebraska to selected livestock pathogens was determined by serology and attempted virus isolation. antibodies to bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were present in both species of deer. no serologic reactors to brucella or anaplasma were found. attempts to isolate bluetongue virus were negative. | 1986 | 2845156 |
| susceptibility of bos indicus and bos taurus to anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina infections. | the reaction of bos taurus and pure-bred bos indicus heifers to infection with the intraerythrocytic parasites anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina was studied. b. bigemina infection at 18 months and a. marginale infection at 13 or 24 months resulted in slightly less severe reactions in pure-bred bos indicus cattle than in bos taurus. in both breeds, the reaction to a. marginale infection was more severe in older cattle. the severity of b. bigemina infection was not affected by a previous in ... | 1985 | 3992874 |
| observations on erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase activity in experimentally induced anaplasmosis in calves. | erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity was assessed in splenectomized bovine calves inoculated with anaplasma marginale. other parameters, i.e., haematological values (haemoglobin, packed-cell volume, and total erythrocytic count), percentage parasitaemia and the ensuing host reactions during anaplasma infection were also studied in relation to ache activity. there was significant inhibition of red blood cell-ache activity commencing soon after inoculation of infected blood; this prec ... | 1985 | 3992879 |
| chemoprophylaxis of anaplasma ovis infection in sheep with a long-acting oxytetracycline. | the chemoprophylactic efficacy of long-acting oxytetracycline was determined in 13 susceptible ewes infected with anaplasma ovis. the drug was administered intramuscularly at a dose rate of 20 mg kg-1 body weight during the prepatent period. when the ewes were exposed to an equivalent homologous challenge on day 45 post-infection, each showed a mild or inapparent reaction. the host reactions, i.e., body temperature, parasitaemia, packed-cell volume (pcv), haemoglobin, humoral and cell mediated i ... | 1985 | 3992880 |
| cross-reaction of tick salivary antigens in the boophilus microplus-cattle system. | calves were immunized with boophilus microplus saliva, filtered through millipore membranes, in freund's complete adjuvant. serum samples were tested by passive hemagglutination against babesia bigemina, anaplasma marginale, b. microplus larvae extract, stomoxys calcitrans extract and b. microplus saliva. after immunization, titers to saliva, larval tick-extract and to s. calcitrans were increased. the challenge with live tick larvae enhanced the formation of antibodies against larva extract, fl ... | 1985 | 3992881 |
| anaplasma marginale infections in american bison: experimental infection and serologic study. | anaplasma marginale was experimentally transmitted from cattle to bison and back to cattle. of the 2 splenectomized and 1 intact american bison calves (bison bison) inoculated with a north texas a marginale stabilate, 1 splenectomized and 1 intact bison exhibited clinical signs of anaplasmosis. active parasitemias in these bison were observed along with positive reactions in the rapid card agglutination and complement fixation tests. blood from the infected bison produced disease in splenectomiz ... | 1985 | 3994109 |
| bovine anaplasmosis: transplacental transmission as it relates to stage of gestation. | six mature, pregnant, anaplasmosis-susceptible and 3 anaplasmosis-carrier beef cows were used in anaplasma in utero transmission studies. susceptible cows were randomly allotted into 3 groups of 2 cows each and were inoculated with a virginia a marginale stabilate. each group was anaplasma-exposed once during 1 of the 3 trimesters of pregnancy. blood samples were obtained from each fetus at various stages of development for evaluation and for subinoculation into splenectomized calves once during ... | 1985 | 3994125 |
| demonstration of vaccine-induced immunity to anaplasmosis without induction of persistent postvaccinal complement-fixing and agglutinating antibodies in yearling steers. | the protective effect and anti-anaplasma complement-fixing and agglutinating antibody responses induced in yearling steers by vaccination with an inactivated anaplasma marginale vaccine were evaluated by challenge exposure. eleven 12- to 14-month-old hereford x angus steers were randomly allotted into 6 principals and 5 controls. the principals were injected im with 5 ml of vaccine on days 0 and 21. on day 70, the 11 steers were challenge exposed by iv inoculation of a marginale-infected blood. ... | 1985 | 3994127 |
| evaluation of jackrabbits as nonruminant hosts for anaplasma marginale. | two black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus), 1 splenectomized and 1 intact, were inoculated with 0.2 ml of a 1:5 dilution of a florida anaplasma marginale stabilate. five months later, both hares were inoculated with 1 ml of whole blood from a calf with acute anaplasmosis. neither hare developed any signs of clinical anaplasmosis. pooled blood (7 ml) from these jackrabbits which was inoculated into 2 anaplasma-susceptible, splenectomized calves failed to induce hematologic or serologic sig ... | 1985 | 3994131 |
| comparative response of friesian milking cows and calves to anaplasma centrale vaccine. | 1985 | 3995254 | |
| screening for neonatal isohemolytic anemia in calves. | anti-erythrocytic immunoglobulins in serum and colostrum of 124 anaplasmosis-vaccinated cows were detected with a saline agglutination test. positive results were correlated with the occurrence of neonatal isohemolytic anemia (nia) in calves and were used to predict the occurrence of nia. the disease was prevented by withholding colostrum from calves with a high potential for nia. | 1985 | 4003882 |
| transmission of anaplasma marginale by adult dermacentor andersoni during feeding on calves. | laboratory-reared dermacentor andersoni ticks experimentally infected as nymphs with anaplasma marginale were allowed to feed as adults from 1 to 9 days on susceptible, splenectomized calves to determine when, during feeding, the hematozoan was transmitted from ticks to cattle. in experiment 1, ticks were allowed to feed on calves for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 days and anaplasmosis did not result. the same calves were used for experiment 2, and ticks were allowed to feed for 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, or 9 days a ... | 1985 | 4026042 |
| seroepidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis in venezuela. | the serological prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis in the centro-occidental region of venezuela was determined using the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) and latex agglutination (lat) tests. anaplasma marginale ifa and lat prevalence rates were 57.7 and 48.6% respectively for cattle of all ages and breeds. the respective prevalence of ifa activity to b. bigemina and b. bovis was 78.2 and 38.8%. the lat test specific only for babesia spp. revealed that 61.4% of the animals tested ... | 1985 | 3887703 |
| development of an indirect fluorescent antibody test, using microfluorometry as a diagnostic test for bovine anaplasmosis. | the indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was modified for use with microfluorometry. the test was standardized by use of a fluorometer that measures intensity of fluorescence. standardization included a marginale-infected blood smears on microscope slides as antigen, serum from an inoculated calf as a positive control containing specific antibody, and an affinity-purified fluorescein-conjugated anti-bovine immunoglobulin as 2nd antibody. ... | 1985 | 3890629 |
| high-yield preparation of purified anaplasma marginale from infected bovine red blood cells. | purification of anaplasma marginale from infected bovine rbc was achieved through enzyme treatment and density-gradient centrifugation. a relative yield of 41.6% was obtained by dividing the number of organisms in the final purified preparation by the number of a marginale-infected rbc. purified parasites were verified as a marginale by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunologic tests. the purified parasites reacted positively with calf and rabbit anti-a marginale sera in interfacial ... | 1985 | 3898932 |
| detection of geographic isolates of anaplasma marginale, using polyclonal bovine antisera and microfluorometry. | geographically separate united states isolates of anaplasma marginale were differentiated, using polyclonal bovine antiserum and microfluorometry. both isolate-common and restricted antigen-specific antibodies were apparent in sera of splenectomized calves after resolution of infection, as judged by the capability of the antisera to recognize heterologous isolate antigens to a lesser extent than homologous antigens. furthermore, absorption of the antisera with homologous antigens removed homolog ... | 1985 | 3907437 |
| modified indirect fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. | a modified indirect fluorescence antibody technique was used for the serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. nonspecific antibodies adherent to infected erythrocytes were removed, using acidic glycine buffer. evans blue was used as a counterstain. | 1985 | 3907438 |
| presence of common antigens, including major surface protein epitopes, between the cattle (intraerythrocytic) and tick stages of anaplasma marginale. | epitopes of major surface proteins of the intraerythrocytic cattle stage of anaplasma marginale were demonstrated in the midgut stage of the organism within the infective tick host dermacentor andersoni. these proteins were common to all a. marginale isolates tested and at all stages of parasitemia. sera from cattle immunized with the tick midgut stage of a. marginale immunoprecipitated multiple-erythrocyte-stage proteins, as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophore ... | 1985 | 2415457 |
| immune responses of calves antigenically stimulated and challenge exposed with anaplasma marginale during tick infestation or treatment with dexamethasone. | similar anamnestic antibody responses to a 2nd injection of a anaplasma marginale vaccinal antigen were observed in calves infested with the tick dermacentor albipictus and in tick-free calves. when challenge exposure of these calves to virulent a marginale was done, infestation with the tick boophilus microplus increased anemia (p less than 0.01), but did not suppress antibody production to a marginale or increase parasitemia. none of the vaccinated calves, regardless of infestation, experience ... | 1984 | 6711969 |
| bovine anaplasmosis: in utero transmission and the immunologic significance of ingested colostral antibodies. | neonate progeny from 3 anaplasma-free (clean) and 5 anaplasma-carrier cows were splenectomized and each was challenge exposed with 5 ml of carrier blood. prepatent times were between 18 and 25 days in calves born of clean cows and between 21 and 36 days in progeny from carrier dams. the lowest packed cell volume values in the clean group occurred at 25 to 39 days after the challenge inoculation and at 29 to 47 days in the carrier group. highest parasitemias in the clean-calves ranged between 13% ... | 1984 | 6711971 |
| anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. | anaplasma marginale can be transmitted, will grow and can survive in a large number of domestic and wild animals. it is pathogenic in cattle, and usually produces nonapparent or mild infections in other species. anaplasma marginale has been recovered from cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana americana), rocky ... | 1984 | 6716555 |
| response of cattle upon reexposure to anaplasma marginale after elimination of chronic carrier infections. | sixteen cattle serotest-negative for anaplasmosis with either no previous exposure (2 animals) or cleared 8 months earlier of their carrier state by chemotherapy (14 animals) were each exposed to anaplasma marginale. anaplasma serotest titers were determined by complement-fixation and rapid card agglutination tests conducted during a 63-day trial period. serologic reactions indicated that all cattle (both groups) were converted to seropositive by the 21st day after exposure. fluctuations in pcv ... | 1984 | 6731981 |
| immune serum against anaplasma marginale initial bodies neutralizes infectivity for cattle. | the first demonstration of immune serum-mediated neutralization of anaplasma marginale and identification of the involved surface antigens is presented. anaplasma marginale initial bodies were purified from parasitized erythrocytes by using ultrasonic disruption and differential centrifugation. the initial bodies were morphologically intact, as determined by electron microscopy, were not agglutinated by anti-bovine erythrocyte sera, and were infective. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel e ... | 1984 | 6736645 |
| comparison of blood smear and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques in detection of haemoparasite infections in trade cattle in nigeria. | the incidence of blood parasites in trade cattle was surveyed with emphasis on tick-borne parasites, using blood smears and immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) techniques. with the blood smear method, about 9 and 8.9% of cattle examined were found positive for babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale, respectively. percentage infections with other parasites were 3.33, 1.92, 0.75, 0.75 and 0.58, respectively, for babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, anaplasma centrale, eperythrozoon and theileria spec ... | 1984 | 6369761 |
| antigen beads: a novel approach for the delivery of a soluble anaplasma immunogen. | an important consideration in the development of effective immunization regimens against bovine anaplasmosis is the optimization of vaccine delivery systems. this report describes the formulation of proteinaceous antigen-containing spheres derived from supernatant fluids of analplasma marginale cultures. the antigen beads were designed for use as potential dispersal agents for a soluble anaplasma immunogen. immunospecificity assays demonstrated that a marginale antigen was located on the surface ... | 1984 | 6388435 |
| observations on blood-borne parasites of domestic livestock in the lower juba region of somalia. | the commonest parasite to be found in blood of cattle in the lower juba region is theileria mutans. antibodies against trypanosoma spp. and anaplasma marginale could be detected serologically whereas no antibodies against t. parva and t. annulata were present. a list of ticks collected between 1980 and 1982 in the above mentioned area shows that vectors of t. mutans are common. as the cattle throughout the region are indigenous somali boran it seems that endemic stability is maintained and morta ... | 1984 | 6441324 |
| serodiagnosis of bovine besnoitiosis by elisa and immunofluorescence tests. | sera from non-infected cattle and cattle infected with anaplasma, babesia, theileria and sarcocystis were tested for antibodies to besnoitia in elisa and immunofluorescence tests (ift) with besnoitia besnoiti of blue wildebeest origin as antigen. only 2 out of 86 sera gave false positive reactions in elisa and none in the ift, indicating a high specificity for the tests. three-hundred-and-three bovine sera from 3 farms in an area endemic for besnoitiosis were similarly tested and the results wer ... | 1984 | 6442765 |
| serologic and clinical responses of premunized, vaccinated, and previously infected cattle to challenge exposure by two different anaplasma marginale isolates. | two anaplasma marginale isolates, one originating in florida (fam) and the other from virginia (vam), were compared immunologically by cross-challenge exposure of 14 anaplasma carrier cattle, 8 previously infected cattle, and 6 splenectomized carrier calves. in addition, 28 cattle vaccinated with a commercially available adjuvant killed vaccine and 22 nonvaccinated cattle were challenge exposed with either fam or vam. a detectable clinical response was not produced by either fam or vam challenge ... | 1984 | 6084430 |
| serologic comparisons of 4 anaplasma isolates as measured by the complement-fixation test. | anaplasma marginale isolated from virginia ( vam ), from north texas ( ntam ), from florida (fam), and anaplasma ovis from idaho were used in these trials. complement-fixation antigens from each of the 4 isolates were used to compare complement-fixing antibody titers of 10 cattle infected with vam , 17 with fam, and 6 with ntam . strong cross-reactions occurred with all antigens and sera. the homologous system generally showed higher average antibody titers. the serum antibody titers occurring w ... | 1984 | 6203210 |
| common and isolate-restricted antigens of anaplasma marginale detected with monoclonal antibodies. | anaplasma marginale-infected erythrocytes were examined for the presence of maturation, isolate-restricted, and isolate-common antigens by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. a panel of 18 monoclonal antibodies was used; none of the antibodies reacted with anaplasma ovis, babesia bigemina, babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma congolense, or uninfected bovine erythrocytes. antigens common to all six a. marginale isolates were detected by nine antibodies. single isola ... | 1984 | 6205996 |
| a rapid staining procedure for anaplasma marginale in bovine erythrocytes. | a commercial product that stains cells in less than 1 minute was compared with the giemsa and the wright-giemsa methods for detection of the intraerythrocytic parasite, anaplasma marginale, in bovine blood smears. the total number of a marginale-infected erythrocytes detected in 5 microscope fields of 18 different samples was determined for each staining procedure. in samples where less than 2% to greater than 25% of the rbc were infected, statistical analysis of the data indicated that the rapi ... | 1984 | 6208825 |
| the effect of anaplasma marginale on the glycolytic pathway in bovine erythrocytes. | the glycolytic process in non-infected and a. marginale-infected bovine erythrocytes was studied. the study included four enzymes: hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvic kinase and lactic dehydrogenase, and the intracellular concentrations of glucose, atp and 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid (dpg). the activities of phosphofructokinase and lactic dehydrogenase found in non-infected bovine erythrocytes were fifty times greater than the previously reported values. glucose and dpg concentrations, hexok ... | 1984 | 6236033 |
| serological evidence of exposure to anaplasma marginale in nigerian one-humped camels. | 1984 | 6464312 | |
| epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in zimbabwe. ii. anaplasmosis. | a survey on the incidence of antibodies to anaplasma marginale in one- to three-year-old cattle was carried out in zimbabwe using the capillary tube agglutination test. antibodies were detected in all but one of 118 batches of sera collected from different localities throughout the country. there was no clear relationship between the frequency of occurrence of positive serological reactors, which was similar in both commercial and communal farming areas, and the incidence of clinical anaplasmosi ... | 1984 | 6485099 |
| demonstration of the inclusion appendage of anaplasma marginale in nymphal dermacentor andersoni. | dermacentor andersoni nymphs were placed in stockinettes and allowed to feed on a splenectomized calf with experimentally induced anaplasmosis when the parasitemia was 3%-5%. nymphs were selected on each of the 6 days of feeding and every 5 days from repletion through molting to the adult stage (25 days postrepletion); they were killed and midgut tissues were processed and examined by light and electron microscopies. no stages of a marginale were seen in tissues of feeding ticks. visualization o ... | 1984 | 6497136 |
| the elimination of anaplasma marginale from carrier cattle by treatment with long acting oxytetracycline. | 1984 | 6517790 | |
| studies on ticks of veterinary importance in nigeria. xi. observations on the biology of ticks detached from the red-flanked duiker (cephamophys rufulatus) and parasites encountered in their blood. | some aspects of the biology of amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decorolatus detached from red-flanked duikers were studied. smears were also made from the blood of the duikers and examined for the presence of parasites. anaplasma marginale was the only blood parasite found in the blood smears. compared with ticks detached from cattle, duiker ticks produced a greater number of eggs. the lengths and breadths of eggs produced by duiker ticks were greater than those of cattle ticks and unlike a. v ... | 1984 | 6538723 |
| acquired cellular responsiveness in cattle cleared of anaplasma marginale 28 months earlier. | the leukocyte migration inhibition test (lmit) was used to assess cell-mediated immune responses of cattle against anaplasma marginale. leukocytes from 7 of 11 cows that had been cleared of the carrier state by antibiotic therapy 28 months earlier were inhibited from their normal migration by a. marginale antigens (p less than 0.001). after reexposure to virulent organisms, all animals were positive to the lmit. there was not a significant relationship (r = 0.49) between lmit values before and a ... | 1983 | 6612989 |
| development of colonies of anaplasma marginale in the gut of incubated dermacentor andersoni. | 1983 | 6625314 | |
| prevalence of antibodies to anaplasma marginale in cattle from various african biotopes in central morocco, north cameroon and southeastern zaïre. | 1983 | 6650023 | |
| demonstration of colonies of anaplasma marginale in the midgut of rhipicephalus simus. | rhipicephalus simus nymphs were allowed to feed on a cow experimentally infected with the bw-strain of anaplasma marginale from republic of south africa, and they were studied as adults. colonies were demonstrated by light microscopy in midgut epithelial cells of adult ticks that were unfed (as adults), incubated, or prefed for 72 hours on a cow. the colonies occurred in 5 different morphologic types (1 to 5) that were similar to those described previously for a virginia isolate of a marginale i ... | 1983 | 6660614 |
| observations on anaplasmosis following field exposure to heavy and light infestations with boophilus microplus. | two groups of normandy calves were exposed to heavy (mean half body count = greater than 300) or light (mean half body count = 9) natural infestations with boophilus microplus. all of the calves became infected with anaplasma marginale. despite the difference in tick challenge level, there was no significant difference in the incubation period, increase in body temperature, level or duration of anaplasma parasitemia, decrease in packed cell volume, or complement-fixing antibody response, between ... | 1983 | 6685402 |
| the use of tick transmission by boophilus microplus to isolate pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale from cattle with mixed infections. | pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale were isolated from cattle infected with all 3 species as well as theileria sp. and eperythrozoon teganodes, using only transmission by the tick, boophilus microplus. unengorged adult ticks transferred to susceptible cattle transmitted a. marginale, but not babesia. engorged adults gave rise to progeny that transmitted babesia, b. bovis by larvae and b. bigemina by male ticks. the theileria and e. teganodes were not transmitt ... | 1983 | 6686384 |
| [distribution of piroplasma and anaplasma marginale in calves in burundi]. | 1983 | 6419686 |