Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| patients with gastrointestinal complains due to enteric parasites, with reference to entamoeba histolytica/dispar as dected by elisa e. histolytica adhesion in stool. | a total of 210 patients with gastrointestinal troubles, of both sex and a mean age of 32 +/- 6.1 years, selected from the outpatient's clinics of al-azhar university hospitals. 115 (54.76%) had dysentery, 95 (45.23%) did not have dysentery, 15 (14%) suffered flatulence, 20 (9.52%) had epi-gastric pain, 19 (9.05%) had vague abdominal pain, 5 vomiting (5.2%) and 10 (4.9%) had fever. two symptoms were in 29 (13.81%) patients and three symptoms in 12 (5.71%). of the 210 patients, 20 (9.9%) had helmi ... | 2006 | 16605100 |
| human campylobacter-associated enteritis on the caribbean island of barbados. | a longitudinal study of the incidence of campylobacter enteritis in barbados was undertaken from january 2000 to august 2003. diarrheal stools received by the central public health laboratory were cultured for campylobacter. the number of reported campylobacter cases exceeded those of shigella but were less than those of salmonella, and increased steadily with each year. isolates from stools were mainly c. jejuni (63.6%) and c. coli (31.8%). the highest isolation rate was found in children 1-4 y ... | 2006 | 16606996 |
| etiology of diarrheal infections in children of porto velho (rondonia, western amazon region, brazil). | in the present study, 470 children less than 72 months of age and presenting acute diarrhea were examined to identify associated enteropathogenic agents. viruses were the pathogens most frequently found in stools of infants with diarrhea, including 111 cases of rotavirus (23.6% of the total diarrhea cases) and 30 cases of adenovirus (6.3%). the second group was diarrheogenic escherichia coli (86 cases, 18.2%), followed by salmonella sp (44 cases, 9.3%) and shigella sp (24 cases, 5.1%). using the ... | 2006 | 16612474 |
| identification of dominant bacteria in feces and colonic mucosa from healthy spanish adults by culturing and by 16s rdna sequence analysis. | the aim of this work was to examine by culturing the changes in the total and indicator populations of the feces of two individuals over 1 year and to identify the dominant microbial components of a single sample of feces from each donor. populations and dominant bacteria from a sample of colonic mucosa from a further individual were also assessed. the culture results were then compared to those obtained with the same samples by 16s rdna cloning and sequencing. high interindividual variation in ... | 2006 | 16614998 |
| homology modeling and molecular dynamics study of chorismate synthase from shigella flexneri. | shigellosis is a major public health problem in many developing countries. antibiotic therapy can reduce the severity of the dysentery and prevent potentially lethal complication. however, owing to the increased resistance to most of the widely used and inexpensive antibiotics, there is an urgent need for new antibacterial agents, particularly those that act on novel targets. chorismate synthase (cs) is a key enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway, which is essential for the synthesis of aromatic a ... | 2006 | 16616535 |
| preliminary foodnet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 states, united states, 2005. | foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the united states. the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) of cdc's emerging infections program collects data from 10 u.s. states regarding diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. foodnet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active, population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed illness. this report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2005 ... | 2006 | 16617286 |
| synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial and anticonvulsant activities of some new 3-[2- (5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl/4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-ones and investigation of their structure-activity relationships. | in the present study, 20 new compounds having 3-[2-(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-one (i-xii) and 3-[2-(4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl)imino-4-thiazoldinon-5-ylidenel-5-substituted/nonsubstituted ih-indole-2-one (xiii-xx) systems were synthesized. the structures were confirmed by spectral methods (uv, ir, 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, 13c-dept (135), electron impact mass spectrometry) and elemental analysis. all compounds were tested fo ... | 2006 | 16618017 |
| archaeology and evolution of transfer rna genes in the escherichia coli genome. | transfer rna genes tend to be presented in multiple copies in the genomes of most organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes. the evolution and genomic structure of trna genes has been a somewhat neglected area of molecular evolution. escherichia coli, the first phylogenetic species for which more than two different strains have been sequenced, provides an invaluable framework to study the evolution of trna genes. in this work, a detailed analysis of the trna structure of the genomes of escherichia ... | 2006 | 16618964 |
| antienterobacterial activity of hemidesmus indicus r. br. root extract. | the antienterobacterial activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts of hemidesmus indicus root was demonstrated using a variety of methods and different enterobacterial strains. although the constituents were similar in the chloroform extract (chi) and the fatty substance separated (me1) from the methanol extract (mhi), me1 was found to be more effective than chi as evident from the disc diffusion method. me1 was found to be more active than mhi, followed by chi. this may be due to the inef ... | 2006 | 16619372 |
| ospe2 of shigella sonnei is required for the maintenance of cell architecture of bacterium-infected cells. | the ospe2 product of shigella spp., the expression of which is regulated by the mxie gene, is secreted through a type iii secretion system into host cells. we investigated the function of ospe2 of shigella sonnei by using cultured epithelial cells. cells invaded by an ospe2 deletion mutant altered their morphology into the rounding shape, which was not due to cell death, whereas cells invaded by the wild-type strain kept their cell shape intact. the ospe2 mutation did not affect initial cell ent ... | 2006 | 16622194 |
| mucosal adjuvant properties of the shigella invasin complex. | the shigella invasin complex (invaplex) is an effective mucosal vaccine capable of protecting against shigella challenge in animal models. the major antigenic constituents of invaplex are the ipa proteins and lipopolysaccharide. the cell-binding capacity of the ipa proteins prompted the investigation into the adjuvanticity of invaplex. using ovalbumin (ova) as a model antigen, intranasal immunization with ova combined with invaplex was found to enhance anti-ova serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and i ... | 2006 | 16622224 |
| a recurring outbreak of shigella sonnei among traditionally observant jewish children in new york city: the risks of daycare and household transmission. | dispersed community outbreaks of shigella sonnei have occurred cyclically among traditionally observant jews in the united states. in february 2000, we investigated a s. sonnei outbreak in one jewish community in new york city. to determine risk factors for introduction of infection into households, we conducted a cohort study of households to compare risk factors for illness among primary subjects within households and age-matched well siblings. isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electr ... | 2006 | 16623986 |
| newly identified bacteriophages carrying the stx2g shiga toxin gene isolated from escherichia coli strains in polluted waters. | shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages are the main vehicle involved in horizontal transmission of stx1 and stx2 genes, which has led to the current spread of stx genes among a high number of escherichia coli serotypes and other enterobacteria. several stx gene variants have been described, although some of the variants have never been isolated from inducible bacteriophages. in this study, two stx2g-carrying bacteriophages induced from two different e. coli o2:h25 strains isolated from different ... | 2006 | 16630267 |
| [the development of irritable bowel syndrome after shigella infection: 3 year follow-up study]. | bacterial gastroenteritis seems to be a risk factor of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). the incidence of post-infectious ibs (pi-ibs) was reported to be in the range of 7-31%, but few studies have reported long term follow-up results. so, we investigated the clinical course and prognosis of pi-ibs three years after shigella infection. | 2006 | 16632982 |
| [application of pulse field gel electrophoresis in molecular typing method on dealing with the outbreak of intestinal pathogen]. | to explore and establish fast and sensitive typing diagnostic methods on intestinal pathogen. | 2006 | 16640911 |
| fast, easy and efficient: site-specific insertion of transgenes into enterobacterial chromosomes using tn7 without need for selection of the insertion event. | inserting transgenes into bacterial chromosomes is generally quite involved, requiring a selection for cells carrying the insertion, usually for drug-resistance, or multiple cumbersome manipulations, or both. several approaches use phage lambda red recombination, which allows for the possibility of mutagenesis of the transgene during a pcr step. | 2006 | 16646962 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among gastroenteritis-causing pathogens recovered in europe and latin america and salmonella isolates recovered from bloodstream infections in north america and latin america: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2003). | gastroenteritis-causing pathogens are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. complicating the clinical diarrhoea syndrome is the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the responsible bacterial pathogens. the reported increases in fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella, shigella and campylobacter have been extremely worrisome considering the primary role of ciprofloxacin as a treatment. in this study, 1479 bacterial isolates from gastroenteritis infections were col ... | 2006 | 16647842 |
| synthesis of hexa- to tridecasaccharides related to shigella dysenteriae type 1 for incorporation in experimental vaccines. | hexa- to tridecasaccharides corresponding to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of the gram-negative bacterium shigella dysenteriae type 1 were synthesized in solution phase. the syntheses utilized tetra-, octa-, and dodecasaccharide intermediates that represent one to three contiguous tetrasaccharide repeating units of the o-sp [synlett2003, 743]. these compounds were glycosylated with mono-, di-, and trisaccharide trichloroacetamidates, which were synthesized in this study. the excellent ste ... | 2006 | 16650395 |
| future directions for research on enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccines for developing countries. | 2006 | 16671213 | |
| direct visualization of red fluorescent lipoproteins indicates conservation of the membrane sorting rules in the family enterobacteriaceae. | chimeras created by fusing the monomeric red fluorescent protein (rfp) to a bacterial lipoprotein signal peptide (liporfps) were visualized in the cell envelope by epifluorescence microscopy. plasmolysis of the bacteria separated the inner and outer membranes, allowing the specific subcellular localization of liporfps to be determined in situ. when equipped with the canonical inner membrane lipoprotein retention signal cdsr, liporfp was located in the inner membrane in escherichia coli, whereas ... | 2006 | 16672606 |
| future needs and directions for shigella vaccines. | 2006 | 16673461 | |
| xylose utilization and short-chain fatty acid production by selected components of the intestinal microflora of a rodent pollinator (aethomys namaquensis). | namaqua rock mice (aethomys namaquensis) consume nectar xylose when visiting protea flowers. whole-animal metabolism studies suggest that the gastrointestinal microflora plays an important role in xylose metabolism in a. namaquensis. we collected caecal contents under anaerobic conditions, cultured caecal microflora both aerobically and anaerobically, and assessed caecal microbial xylose utilization using a (14)c-xylose incubation assay. all four mice sampled hosted culturable caecal micro-organ ... | 2006 | 16676189 |
| the effects of alpha-lactalbumin and glycomacropeptide on the association of caco-2 cells by enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri. | two milk components, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and glycomacropeptide (gmp) may inhibit intestinal infection/intoxification. (3)[h] thymidine-labeled enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), salmonella typhimurium (atcc 6994) or shigella flexneri (atcc 9199) were introduced to caco-2 cultures and their association with caco-2 cells was assessed. undigested, pepsin-digested and pepsin- and pancreatin-digested alpha-lactalbumin and glycomacropeptide inhibited association. thus, milk supplemente ... | 2006 | 16684117 |
| the emerging strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 in bangladesh are clonal. | a total of 113 strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 isolated from patients attending the dhaka diarrhoea treatment centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research during the period 1999-2004 were studied. serotype of the isolates was confirmed using commercially available antisera. except for arabinose fermentation, all the strains had similar biochemical reactions. more than 60% of the strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics; only 6% (n=7) of the strains were resistan ... | 2006 | 16684401 |
| incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among long-term travelers (us military and similar populations): a systematic review. | to determine regional estimates of pathogen-specific prevalence and incidence, as well as, describe morbidity associated with diarrhea among deployed us military and similar populations, a systematic review was conducted for publications between january 1990 to june 2005. point estimates and confidence intervals of pathogen prevalence and travelers' diarrhea incidence were combined in a random effects model and assessed for heterogeneity. in total, 262 studies were identified for potential inclu ... | 2006 | 16687698 |
| [antibiotic resistance, plasmid profile and ribotyping in cuban shigella sonnei strains]. | 2006 | 16688295 | |
| sex and virulence in escherichia coli: an evolutionary perspective. | pathogenic escherichia coli cause over 160 million cases of dysentery and one million deaths per year, whereas non-pathogenic e. coli constitute part of the normal intestinal flora of healthy mammals and birds. the evolutionary pathways underlying this dichotomy in bacterial lifestyle were investigated by multilocus sequence typing of a global collection of isolates. specific pathogen types [enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli, enteroinvasive e. coli, k1 and shigella] have arise ... | 2006 | 16689791 |
| anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies in acute appendicitis detected by elisa. | in acute appendicitis the bowel transmissibility of the intestinal flora increases in relation to inflammation and edema formation. we can therefore observe an immunologic response in patients, which is detectable using different bacteria isolated from the normal intestinal flora. our aim was to measure this immunologic reaction and to detect the relationship between this response and histologic types of acute appendicitis. sera from 47 cases, comprising 38 patients suffering from appendicitis a ... | 2006 | 16689825 |
| epidemiology and genetic characterization of shigella flexneri strains isolated from three paediatric populations in egypt (2000-2004). | ninety-seven isolates of shigella flexneri from children seeking medical care from three sites in egypt were characterized. overall, 46.4% of children (median age 17 months) were febrile or reported blood in their stools, 25.8% were dehydrated and 16.5% were admitted to hospital. serotypes 2a (37.1%), 1b (18.6%), 1c (17.5%), and 6 (15.5%) comprised over 88.7% of the total isolates. we observed marked resistance to ampicillin (87.6%), tetracycline (84.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.9%) ... | 2006 | 16690004 |
| antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. | to develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens. | 2006 | 16696680 |
| [aeromonas associated with an acute diarrhea outbreak in são bento do una, pernambuco]. | an acute diarrhea outbreak, with 2170 cases, was described during january to july, 2004, in são bento do una, pernambuco. 582 stools were examined and an enteric pathogen was recovered in 25% (145 patients). aeromonas species were the most frequent (114-19.5%) and the main isolates were aeromonas caviae (57-9.8%), aeromonas veronii biovar sobria (23-3.9%), aeromonas veronii biovar veronii (15-2.6%) and other species (19-3.2%). the other isolated enteropathogens were vibrio cholerae o1-ogawa toxi ... | 2006 | 16699653 |
| molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing dysentery outbreaks in central african republic, 2003-2004. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) represents a particular threat in developing countries because of the severity of the infection and its epidemic potential. antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profiling (pp) of sd1 isolates collected during two dysentery outbreaks (2013 and 445 cases of bloody diarrhoea) in central african republic (car) during the period 2003-2004 were reported. eleven sd1 comparison strains (cs) a ... | 2006 | 16701761 |
| [diarrhoea-causing agents in children aged less than five in tunja, colombia]. | determining the prevalence and type of infectious add-causing agents in a sample of children aged less than five who consulted the ips in tunja during 2004. | 2006 | 16703965 |
| comparison of the virulence plasmid genomes of two strains of shigella which lost the ability to bind congo red. | we determined and analyzed the shigella flexneri serotype 5 (psf5) and s. dysenteriae serotype 1 (psd1) virulence plasmid genomes. the total length of psf5 is 136513 bp, including 165 open reading frames (orfs). of these orfs, 133 were identified and 32 of those had no significant homology to proteins with known functions. the length of psd1 is 182545 bp, including 224 orfs, of which we identified 181. the remaining 43 orfs were not significantly homologous to proteins with known functions. the ... | 2006 | 16704117 |
| comparative genomics reveals what makes an enterobacterial plant pathogen. | the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae contains some of the most devastating human and animal pathogens, including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and species of yersinia and shigella. these are among the best-studied of any organisms, yet there is much to be learned about the nature and evolution of interactions with their hosts and with the wider environment. comparative and functional genomics have fundamentally improved our understanding of their modes of adaptation to different ecolo ... | 2006 | 16704357 |
| role for erbin in bacterial activation of nod2. | intracellular peptidoglycan (pg) recognition in human cells is mediated by the nacht-lrr proteins nod1 and nod2. elicitation of these proteins by pg motifs released from invasive bacteria triggers signaling events, resulting in the activation of the nf-kappab pathway. in order to decipher the molecular components involved in nod2 signal transduction, we set out to identify new interaction partners of nod2 by using a yeast two-hybrid screen. besides the known interaction partner rip2, the screen ... | 2006 | 16714539 |
| synthesis, a case of isostructural packing, and antimicrobial activity of silver(i)quinoxaline nitrate, silver(i)(2,5-dimethylpyrazine) nitrate and two related silver aminopyridine compounds. | the synthesis and low temperature crystal structures of [ag(quinoxaline)]n(no3)n, 1, [ag(2,5-dimethylpyrazine)(no3)]n, 2 and [ag4(3-aminopyridine)4(no3)4]n 3 are presented. the quinoxaline compound forms a 1d coordination polymer with the characteristic linear 2-coordination figure of silver(i), the n-ag-n angle being 164.2(1) degrees, and only weak silver-nitrate interactions. in addition there is an interaction giving pairs of parallel chains as the main structural theme. the 2,5-dimethylpyraz ... | 2006 | 16718338 |
| iron and pathogenesis of shigella: iron acquisition in the intracellular environment. | shigella species are able to grow in a variety of environments, including intracellularly in host epithelial cells. shigella have a number of different iron transport systems that contribute to their ability to grow in these diverse environments. siderophore iron uptake systems, heme transporters, and ferric and ferrous iron transport systems are present in these bacteria, and the genes encoding some of these systems appear to have spread among the shigella species by horizontal transmission. ir ... | 2006 | 16718602 |
| identification of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnrs in salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | a salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolate of avian origin was investigated for the presence of the gene qnrs, its transferability and its association with other resistance genes. | 2006 | 16720566 |
| two frameshift products involved in the transposition of bacterial insertion sequence is629. | is629 is 1,310 bp in length with a pair of 25-bp imperfect inverted repeats at its termini. two partially overlapping open reading frames, orfa and orfb, are present in is629, and two putative translational frameshift signals, ttttg (t4g) and aaaat (a4t), are located near the 3'-end of orfa. with the lacz gene as the reporter, both t4g and a4t motifs are determined to be a -1 frameshift signal. two peptides representing the two transframe products designated orfab' and orfab, are identified by a ... | 2006 | 16731525 |
| macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | infection with campylobacter jejuni is now considered to be the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. it occurs more frequently than infections caused by salmonella species, shigella species, or escherichia coli o157:h7. although c. jejuni is also recognized for its association with serious post-infection neurological complications, most patients with c. jejuni infections have a self-limited illness. nevertheless, a substantial proportion of these infections a ... | 2006 | 16735431 |
| genome-wide detection and analysis of homologous recombination among sequenced strains of escherichia coli. | comparisons of complete bacterial genomes reveal evidence of lateral transfer of dna across otherwise clonally diverging lineages. some lateral transfer events result in acquisition of novel genomic segments and are easily detected through genome comparison. other more subtle lateral transfers involve homologous recombination events that result in substitution of alleles within conserved genomic regions. this type of event is observed infrequently among distantly related organisms. it is reporte ... | 2006 | 16737554 |
| a periplasmic glutamate/aspartate binding protein from shigella flexneri: gene cloning, over-expression, purification and preliminary crystallographic studies of the recombinant protein. | periplasmic substrate binding proteins (psbps) are essential components of the bacterial periplasmic transport system, which transports a wide variety of nutrients from the periplasmic space to the cytoplasm. the glutamate/aspartate binding protein sfglu/aspbp is a unique psbp consisting of 279 amino acid residues. the sfglu/aspbp gene was cloned, over-expressed, and purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. the recombinant protein sfglu/aspbp h ... | 2006 | 16800808 |
| interaction between enteric epithelial cells and peyer's patch lymphocytes in response to shigella lipopolysaccharide: effect on nitric oxide and il-6 release. | to investigate the effect of interaction between enteric epithelial cells and lymphocytes of peyer's patch on the release of nitric oxide (no) and il-6 in response to shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps). | 2006 | 16804978 |
| post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities. | the current study describes the development of the porcine microbiota and its metabolic activities during the neonatal and weaning period. using 16s rrna-based approaches, we first analysed the ileal and colonic microbiota of neonatal piglets at days 2, 5 and 12 after birth. to further investigate the effect of weaning at 3 weeks of age, 19-day-old piglets (n = 64) were randomly allocated into two groups. half of the piglets remained with their sows throughout the study, while the remaining pigl ... | 2006 | 16817927 |
| comparison of the concentrations of phenolic compounds in olive oils and other plant oils: correlation with antimicrobial activity. | the antimicrobial activity of different edible vegetable oils was studied. in vitro results revealed that the oils from olive fruits had a strong bactericidal action against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, this effect being higher in general against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. thus, olive oils showed bactericidal activity not only against harmful bacteria of the intestinal microbiota (clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli) also against beneficial microorganisms such as ... | 2006 | 16819902 |
| cladophora (chlorophyta) spp. harbor human bacterial pathogens in nearshore water of lake michigan. | cladophora glomerata, a macrophytic green alga, is commonly found in the great lakes, and significant accumulations occur along shorelines during the summer months. recently, cladophora has been shown to harbor high densities of the fecal indicator bacteria escherichia coli and enterococci. cladophora may also harbor human pathogens; however, until now, no studies to address this question have been performed. in the present study, we determined whether attached cladophora, obtained from the lake ... | 2006 | 16820442 |
| the caenorhabditis elegans abl-1 tyrosine kinase is required for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. | shigellosis is a diarrheal disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium shigella flexneri. following ingestion of the bacterium, s. flexneri interferes with innate immunity, establishes an infection within the human colon, and initiates an inflammatory response that results in destruction of the tissue lining the gut. examination of host cell factors required for s. flexneri pathogenesis in vivo has proven difficult due to limited host susceptibility. here we report the development of a pathoge ... | 2006 | 16820504 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a large subunit of salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase (gogat) gene in escherichia coli. | two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. one pathway involves the nadp-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. an alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. we have cloned th ... | 2006 | 16820760 |
| surveillance of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease in the republic of korea during one year, 2003. | an epidemiological survey of human enterobacterial infections was conducted to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in the republic of korea during one year, 2003. we tested for infectious diseases in 26,992 stool samples obtained from people who visited clinics located in six big cities and six rural provinces. from these samples, we isolated 1,291 cases of enteritis bacterial infection (4.8%). in the urban areas, 821 cases of bacterial infection (6.4%) were identified and, in the rural ... | 2006 | 16820763 |
| comparison of antagonistic ability against enteropathogens by g+ and g- anaerobic dominant components of human fecal microbiota. | to confirm if anaerobic g+-components are those responsible for the function of colonization resistance, obligate anaerobic g+- and g- -bacteria from normal dominant microbiota of human feces were isolated from three successive collections and then used in in vitro assays for antagonism against two enteropathogenic bacteria. the production of inhibitory diffusible compounds was determined on supplemented bhi agar and mrs agar media for g- - and g+-bacteria, respectively. salmonella enterica subs ... | 2006 | 16821725 |
| nutritive value, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of struchium sparganophora leaves. | struchium sparganophora leaf is a green leafy vegetable popularly used in soup preparations in processed and unprocessed forms in nigeria. fresh leaves of s. sparganophora were soaked overnight to remove its bitterness, before determination of the nutrient and antinutrient content, while sun-dried s. sparganophora leaves were extracted with rectified spirit. the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were subsequently determined. the result of the study revealed that the fresh ... | 2006 | 16822216 |
| complete genome sequence of shigella flexneri 5b and comparison with shigella flexneri 2a. | shigella bacteria cause dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. shigella flexneri is the most common species in both developing and developed countries. five shigella genomes have been sequenced, revealing dynamic and diverse features. to investigate the intra-species diversity of s. flexneri genomes further, we have sequenced the complete genome of s. flexneri 5b strain 8401 (abbreviated sf8401) and compared it with s. flexneri 2a (sf301). | 2006 | 16822325 |
| a genome rearrangement has orphaned the escherichia coli k-12 acpt phosphopantetheinyl transferase from its cognate escherichia coli o157:h7 substrates. | phosphopantetheinyl transferases (pptases) are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety from coa to a conserved serine residue of a carrier protein. these carrier proteins use the 4'-phosphopantetheine thiol to shuttle intermediates between the active sites of biosynthetic enzymes involved in fatty acid, non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide synthesis. three pptases have been previously been identified in escherichia coli k-12 and other e. coli strains by homology sear ... | 2006 | 16824108 |
| [etiology of community - acquired acute diarrhea in children]. | of the study was to analyse the etiology of home acute diarrhea in children. | 2006 | 16825723 |
| structural mimicry for vinculin activation by ipaa, a virulence factor of shigella flexneri. | invasion of epithelial cells by shigella flexneri is characterized by cytoskeletal rearrangements of the host cell membrane, promoting internalization of the bacterium. the bacterial effector ipaa is injected into the epithelial cell by a type iii secretion apparatus and recruits vinculin to regulate actin polymerization at the site of entry. we analysed the complex formed between a carboxy-terminal fragment of ipaa (ipaa(560-633)) and the vinculin d1 domain (vd1), both in crystals and in soluti ... | 2006 | 16826238 |
| actin-based motility of intracellular bacteria, and polarized surface distribution of the bacterial effector molecules. | several intracellular bacterial pathogens, including species of listeria, rickettsia, shigella, mycobacteria, and burkholderia, have evolved mechanisms to exploit the actin polymerization machinery of their hosts to induce actin-based motility, enabling these pathogens to spread between host cells without exposing themselves to the extracellular milieu. efficient cell-to-cell spread requires directional motility, which the bacteria may achieve by concentrating the effector molecules at one pole ... | 2006 | 16826602 |
| [antibacterial action of ether oils of some plants]. | inhibitory effect of clove oil on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae and candida albicans was detected. mint ether oil had the high antibacterial action on s. aureus, however against other microorganisms mint oil had a reliably low effect then clove oil. fennel oil had high antibacterial effect on c. albicans, and bactericidal action on s. typhimurium and s. dysenteriae. | 2006 | 16830599 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli and shigella in acidic fruit and vegetable juices by peroxidase systems. | to study the bactericidal properties of the lactoperoxidase (lper)-thiocyanate and soybean peroxidase (sbp)-thiocyanate systems at low ph, their efficiency for inactivation of escherichia coli and shigella in acidic fruit and vegetable juices, their effect on colour stability of the juices and interaction with ascorbic acid. | 2006 | 16834612 |
| an aflp-based database of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei isolates and its use for the identification of untypable shigella strains. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) can be used to assess the genetic diversity of closely related microbial genomes. in this study, the first of its kind for identification of shigella, the high discriminatory power of aflp has been used to determine the genetic relatedness of 230 isolates of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei strains. an aflp database was generated to demonstrate its utility in the discrimination of closely related strains. based on aflp, s. flexneri strains could ... | 2006 | 16837089 |
| surveillance for bacterial diarrhea and antimicrobial resistance in rural western kenya, 1997-2003. | diarrhea is a major cause of preventable illness in sub-saharan africa. although most cases of bacterial gastroenteritis do not require antimicrobial treatment, antimicrobial use is widespread. we examined the bacterial causes of diarrhea and monitored antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates through clinic-based surveillance in a rural kenyan community. | 2006 | 16838225 |
| agronomic aspects and environmental impact of reusing marginal water in irrigation: a case study from egypt. | egypt produces approximately 2.4 million m3 of secondary treated wastewater (tww) annually, used for irrigation directly or indirectly by blending with agricultural drainage water (bdw). the annual re-use of (bdw) is approximately 4 million m3. the safe and efficient use of marginal water (bdw and tww) is a core objective of this study which has been operating from 1997 to date. after six growing seasons the main results can be summarized as follows: maximizing crop production: tww can be used f ... | 2006 | 16841747 |
| inactivation of gram-negative bacteria in milk and banana juice by hen egg white and lambda lysozyme under high hydrostatic pressure. | the effect of hen egg white lysozyme (hewl) and bacteriophage lambda lysozyme (lal) in combination with high pressure (hp) treatment on the inactivation of four gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella flexneri, yersinia enterocolitica and salmonella typhimurium), was studied in skim milk (ph 6.8; a(w) 0.997) and in banana juice (ph 3.8; a(w) 0.971). in the absence of lysozymes, s. flexneri was more sensitive to hp in milk than in banana juice, while the opposite was observed f ... | 2006 | 16843561 |
| studies on pongamia pinnata (l.) pierre leaves: understanding the mechanism(s) of action in infectious diarrhea. | while data are available on the effect of medicinal plants on intestinal motility and their antibacterial action, there is a paucity of information on their mode of action on various aspects of diarrheal pathogenicity, namely colonization to intestinal epithelial cells and production/action of enterotoxins. crude decoction of dried leaves of pongamia pinnata was evaluated for its antimicrobial (antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral) effect; and its effect on production and action of ente ... | 2006 | 16845722 |
| shigella sonnei biotype g carrying class 2 integrons in southern italy: a retrospective typing study by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. | emergence and global dissemination of multiresistant strains of enteric pathogens is a very concerning problem from both epidemiological and public health points of view. shigella sonnei is the serogroup of shigella most frequently responsible for sporadic and epidemic enteritis in developed countries. the dissemination is associated most often to human to human transmission, but foodborne episodes have also been described. in recent years the circulation of multiresistant strains of s. sonnei b ... | 2006 | 16846516 |
| antibacterial activity of the soy isoflavone genistein. | genistein, a radioprotective soy isoflavone and protein kinase inhibitor, blocks the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in mammalian epithelial cells. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of genistein on the survival and growth of the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri and selected opportunistic bacteria in vitro as a prelude to in vivo use for managing postirradiation sepsis. we evaluated the opportunistic bacterial enteropathogens escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, and staphyl ... | 2006 | 16847837 |
| construction, detection and microarray analysis on shigella dysenteriae a1 iron, shua single, double mutants. | in this study, we constructed single mutants mts-1, mts-2 of iron and shua gene and double mutant mts of them in shigella dysenteriae a1 strain 51197 by insert and absence. the functional detection of every mutant was performed at the level of culture medium and cell experiment. the gene expression profiles of the mutants and the wild-type strains under iron-enriched and iron-limited conditions were analyzed by the sd51197 whole genomic microarray. the results showed that all the mutants grew ob ... | 2006 | 16856494 |
| enhancement of mice susceptibility to infection with listeria monocytogenes by the treatment of morphine. | the effect of morphine on the susceptibility of balb/c mice to diarrheagenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enteritidis, yersinia enterocolitica, was examined via the intraperitoneal inoculation. morphine treatment increased the susceptibility to s. enteritidis and l. monocytogenes, resulting in bacteremia and central nervous system (cns) invasion (for l. monocytogenes), while the infection with other bacteria did not show the systemic dissemination in th ... | 2006 | 16858145 |
| structural and molecular characterization of shigella boydii type 16 o antigen. | shigella is a well-known human pathogen causing dysentery and their typing is solely based on the o antigens. we investigated the chemical structure and gene cluster of shigella boydii type 16 o antigen. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses along with nmr spectroscopy data, the o antigen has an o-acetylated branched pentasaccharide repeating o unit, which consists of two d-mannose residues (d-man), one residue each of d-glucuronic acid (d-glca), n-acetylglucosamine (d-glcnac) and d-galact ... | 2006 | 16859842 |
| ipad localizes to the tip of the type iii secretion system needle of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, the causative agent of shigellosis, is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that initiates infection by invading cells within the colonic epithelium. contact with host cell surfaces induces a rapid burst of protein secretion via the shigella type iii secretion system (ttss). the first proteins secreted are ipad, ipab, and ipac, with ipab and ipac being inserted into the host cell membrane to form a pore for translocating late effectors into the target cell cytoplasm. the resulti ... | 2006 | 16861624 |
| role and regulation of the shigella flexneri sit and mnth systems. | shigella flexneri possesses at least two putative high-affinity manganese acquisition systems, sitabcd and mnth. mutations in the genes encoding the components of both of these systems were constructed in s. flexneri. the sita mnth mutant showed reduced growth, relative to the wild type, in luria broth (l broth) containing the divalent metal chelator ethylene diamino-o-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and the addition of either iron or manganese restored growth to the level of the wild-type strain. ... | 2006 | 16861654 |
| frequency of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in shigella spp. from brazil. | a total of 296 shigella spp. were received from state public health laboratories, during the period from 1999 to 2004, by national reference laboratory for cholera and enteric diseases (nrlced)--ioc/fiocruz, rio de janeiro, brazil. the frequency of shigella spp. was: s. flexneri (52.7%), s. sonnei (44.2%), s. boydii (2.3%), and s. dysenteriae (0.6%). the most frequent s. flexneri serovars were 2a and 1b. the highest incidence rates of shigella isolation were observed in the southeast (39%) and n ... | 2006 | 16862316 |
| spectroscopic and calorimetric analyses of invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad) from shigella flexneri reveal the presence of two structural domains. | shigella flexneri is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes severe gastroenteritis in humans. invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad) is an essential participant in shigella invasion of intestinal cells, but no detailed structural information is available to help understand the proposed role of ipad in invasion or its interaction with other invasion proteins. therefore, the secondary and tertiary structure and thermal stability of ipad as well as selected ipad deletion mutants were investiga ... | 2006 | 16866368 |
| simple enzymatic in situ generation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and its use in a cascade reaction for the production of carbohydrates: increased efficiency by phosphate cycling. | a new enzymatic method for the generation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (dhap) using the acid phosphatase from shigella flexneri (phon-sf) and the cheap phosphate donor pyrophosphate (ppi) is described. the utility of this method was demonstrated in an aldolase-catalyzed condensation carried out in one pot in which dhap was generated and coupled to propionaldehyde to give a yield of 53% of the isolated dephosphorylated end product. | 2006 | 16872211 |
| developing live shigella vaccines using lambda red recombineering. | live attenuated shigella vaccines have shown promise in inducing protective immune responses in human clinical trials and as carriers of heterologous antigens from other mucosal pathogens. in the past, construction of shigella vaccine strains relied on classical allelic exchange systems to genetically engineer the bacterial genome. these systems require extensive in vitro engineering of long homologous sequences to create recombinant replication-defective plasmids or phage. alternatively, the la ... | 2006 | 16872384 |
| shigella and autophagy. | bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells, and host recognition and elimination of the invading bacteria, determines the fate of bacterial infection. once inside mammalian cells, many pathogenic bacteria enter the host cytosol to escape from the lytic compartment and gain a replicative niche. recent studies indicate that autophagy also recognizes intracellular bacteria. although autophagy is a conserved membrane trafficking pathway in eukaryotic cells that sequesters undesirable or recyclable cytop ... | 2006 | 16874102 |
| [short communication: prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in gram negative rods: data of 2001-2004 period]. | this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production by gram negative rods (gnrs) isolated from various clinical specimens (3.240 urine, 336 pus, 277 feces, 83 blood, 38 sputum) sent to our hospital laboratory, between 2001-2004. of isolated bacteria 71.4% were identified as escherichia coli, 11.1% were klebsiella spp, 4.2% were salmonella spp, 3.7% were pseudomonas spp, 3.5% were proteus spp, 2.9% were shigella spp, 2.3% were enterobacter s ... | 2006 | 17205693 |
| [time course changes in cytokines content and gas composition in blood of patients with salmonellosis and acute shigellosis]. | to study changes in serum concentrations of interleukines (il) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfa) in the course of acute moderate and severe shigellosis and salmonellosis; to elicit their correlation with disorders of gas and electrolyte blood composition and acid-base balance (abb). | 2006 | 17195521 |
| enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula manufactured in indonesia and malaysia. | to determine the occurrence of salmonella and shigella in infant formula from southeast asia, 74 packages of dehydrated powdered infant follow-on formula (recommended age, > 4 months) from five different manufacturers, four from indonesia and one from malaysia, were analyzed. none of the 25-g test portions yielded salmonella or shigella. however, further identification of colonies growing on selective media used for salmonella and shigella detection revealed the frequent occurrence of several ot ... | 2006 | 17186672 |
| live-attenuated shigella vaccines. | several live-attenuated shigella vaccines, with well-defined mutations in specific genes, have shown great promise in eliciting significant immune responses when given orally to volunteers. these responses have been measured by evaluating antibody-secreting cells, serum antibody levels and fecal immunoglobulin a to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and to individual bacterial invasion plasmid antigens. in this review, data collected from volunteer trials with live shigella vaccines from three differe ... | 2006 | 17181440 |
| [acute dysentery shigella sonnei outbreak in child day care center: study of the source of infection]. | 2006 | 17163149 | |
| the contribution of cytolethal distending toxin to bacterial pathogenesis. | cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is a bacterial toxin that initiates a eukaryotic cell cycle block at the g2 stage prior to mitosis. cdt is produced by a number of bacterial pathogens including: campylobacter species, escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhi, shigella dystenteriae, enterohepatic helicobacter species, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (the cause of aggressive periodontitis), and haemophilus ducreyi (the cause of chancroid). the functional toxin is composed of three ... | 2006 | 17123907 |
| incidence of enteric bacterial pathogens in water found at the bottom of commercial freezers in calabar, southeastern nigeria. | bacteriological analysis of water that accumulates at the bottom of freezers in restaurants when the power was cut in calabar, southeastern nigeria, was carried out using standard procedures. mean heterotrophic bacterial counts and escherichia coli counts ranged from 3.1 +/- 0.02 to 7.1 +/- 0.30 x 10(4) cfu/ml and 0.2 +/- 0.10 to 0.6 +/- 0.50 x 10(4) cfu/ml, respectively, indicating heavy bacterial contamination whose source was mostly fecal. there was no significant difference (p > 0.05, 0.01) ... | 2006 | 17125005 |
| occurrence and diversity of integrons and beta-lactamase genes among ampicillin-resistant isolates from estuarine waters. | the aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence and molecular diversity of beta-lactamase genes and integrons among gram-negative ampicillin-resistant bacteria from ria de aveiro. ampicillin-resistant isolates were selected and subjected to genotyping using rep-pcr. representatives from each rep pattern were affiliated with the following taxa by sequencing the 16s rrna gene: aeromonas caviae, a. hydrophila, a. media, a. molluscorum, a. veronii, a. salmonicida, aeromonas sp., pseudomona ... | 2006 | 17125975 |
| salmonella and shigella in freshly squeezed orange juice, fresh oranges, and wiping cloths collected from public markets and street booths in guadalajara, mexico: incidence and comparison of analytical routes. | a survey of the presence of salmonella and shigella in freshly squeezed orange juice and related samples was conducted in guadalajara, mexico. one hundred samples of freshly squeezed orange juice were collected from 49 street booths and 51 small food service establishments. in addition, 75 fresh orange samples, each consisting of five orange units, and 75 wiping cloths were collected from the same establishments from which juice had been collected. salmonella was isolated from 14, 20, and 23% of ... | 2006 | 17133801 |
| outbreak of gastroenteritis at a peruvian naval base. | in april of 2003, an outbreak of gastroenteritis was reported in a training command (centro de instrucción técnica y entrenamiento naval (citen)) at a peruvian naval base located near lima, peru. the naval medical research center detachment, in collaboration with the national peruvian naval hospital, conducted an investigation to determine the causative agent and potential source of the outbreak. between april 3 and 5, 172 (16%) of 1,092 military trainees reported to the citen clinic with diarrh ... | 2006 | 17153548 |
| a new monoterpene glycoside and antibacterial monoterpene glycosides from paeonia suffruticosa. | antibacterial activity-guided fractionation of the chci3-meoh (1:1) extract of paeonia suffruticosa root bark furnished three monoterpene glycosides, 6-o-vanillyoxypaeoniflorin (1), mudanpioside-h (2), and galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin (3). of the isolated compounds, compound 1 is a new compound. all isolated compounds showed broad, but moderate, antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values in the range of 100 to 500 microg/ml against eighteen pathogenic microorganisms of ... | 2006 | 17121173 |
| analysis of fecal leukocytes and erythrocytes in shigella infections in urban bangladesh. | we evaluated the usefulness of enumeration of fecal leukocytes and erythrocytes in making an early diagnosis of shigella infection, where shigella is a leading cause of invasive diarrhea. stool specimens from 561 invasive diarrhea patients were submitted for microscopic examination. a presumptive diagnosis of shigellosis based on microscopic examination was made in 389 of them; 227 had stool cultures positive for shigella spp (shigella patients). one hundred sixty-two patients with no detectable ... | 2006 | 17121301 |
| shigella applies molecular mimicry to subvert vinculin and invade host cells. | shigella flexneri, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, injects invasin proteins through a type iii secretion apparatus upon contacting the host cell, which triggers pathogen internalization. the invasin ipaa is essential for s. flexneri pathogenesis and binds to the cytoskeletal protein vinculin to facilitate host cell entry. we report that ipaa harbors two vinculin-binding sites (vbss) within its c-terminal domain that bind to and activate vinculin in a mutually exclusive fashion. only ... | 2006 | 17088427 |
| microbiology. bacterial bushwacking through a microtubule jungle. | 2006 | 17095683 | |
| microtubule-severing activity of shigella is pivotal for intercellular spreading. | some pathogenic bacteria actually invade the cytoplasm of their target host cells. invasive bacteria acquire the propulsive force to move by recruiting actin and inducing its polymerization. here we show that shigella movement within the cytoplasm was severely hindered by microtubules and that the bacteria destroyed surrounding microtubules by secreting vira by means of the type iii secretion system. degradation of microtubules by vira was dependent on its alpha-tubulin-specific cysteine proteas ... | 2006 | 17095701 |
| genetic characterization of multidrug resistance in shigella spp. from japan. | this study characterized the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance of a number of shigella spp. isolated from humans from 2000 to 2004 in hiroshima prefecture, japan. a total of 26 isolates of shigella spp. were included in this study. antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed high levels of resistance, especially to ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. pcr and dna sequencing were used for screening and characterization of antibiotic-resis ... | 2006 | 17108272 |
| structural studies of the o-antigenic polysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae type 3 and escherichia coli o124, a reinvestigation. | the structures of the o-antigenic part of the lipopolysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae type 3 and escherichia coli o124 have been reinvestigated. (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy in combination with selected 2d nmr techniques were used to determine the o-antigen pentasaccharide repeating units with the following structure: [see text]. from biosynthetic considerations this should also be the biological repeating unit. the structures of the repeating units also explain the previously observed ... | 2006 | 17081507 |
| disinfection of sludge with high pathogenic content using silver and other compounds. | a physicochemical sludge with high microbial content (10(2)-10(4) fpu/g ts bacteriophages, 10(6)-10(7) mpn/g ts faecal coliforms, 10(4) mpn/g ts salmonella spp., 10(4) mpn/g ts shigella spp., 10(3) mpn/g ts pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10(2) mpn/g ts vibrio cholerae, 10(2)-10(3) cysts/g ts giardia sp., 10(2)-10(4) oocyts/g ts cryptosporidium sp., 168-215 viable helminth ova/g ts) was disinfected using silver, silver-copper, and silver-copper plus a synergistic agent (sa). twenty milligrams ag/g ts in ... | 2006 | 17087384 |
| enterobacterial 38-kda outer membrane protein is an age-dependent molecular marker of innate immunity and immunoglobulin deficiency as results from its reactivity with igg and iga antibody. | in earlier studies on an animal model we observed protective properties of outer membrane proteins (omps) of shigella, hafnia, and escherichia coli strains. in order to investigate human sera for reactivity with omps we subjected these proteins to immunoblotting with umbilical cord plasma and sera from children and adults. the igg and iga antibodies interacted primarily with a 38-kda protein, in similar way for several enterobacterial strains, but different for pseudomonas aeruginosa. this obser ... | 2006 | 17064276 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella species in asmara, eritrea, northeast africa. | diarrheal diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. of the bacterial causes of dysentery, shigella are the major enteropathogens with outbreak potential and common development of antimicrobial resistance. this study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of different spp. of shigella in asmara, eritrea. | 2006 | 17066201 |
| shigella sonnei outbreak among homosexual men, london. | 2006 | 17073105 | |
| [amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping of shigellae and comparison to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and colicin typing]. | shigella is an etiological agent of communicable and food-borne disease worldwide, so it is important to develop typing for shigella in epidemiological studies. we compared amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), molecular epidemiological typing, to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and colicin typing in typeability, reproducibility, discriminatory power, ease of interpretation, and ease of use for 51 shigella isolates to determine aflp applicability to shigella. aflp showed less re ... | 2006 | 17073265 |
| ce to monitor endotoxins by protein complexation. | a new ce method for fast and efficient analysis of bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) is described. it is based on the strong interaction between proteins and endotoxins. the uv absorption of the protein component in the complex is used for the detection. the electrophoretic mobility of the complex hemoglobin/endotoxin can be employed for qualitative analysis of the endotoxin. for instance, the structural differences between "smooth" and "rough" lipopolysaccharides from salmonella minnes ... | 2006 | 17075946 |
| immunoproteome analysis of soluble and membrane proteins of shigella flexneri 2457t. | to profile the immunogenic proteins of shigella flexneri (s. flexneri) expressed during human infection using a proteomic approach. | 2006 | 17075984 |