Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| rectal bleeding in infancy: clinical, allergological, and microbiological examination. | rectal bleeding is an alarming symptom and requires additional investigation. in infants it has been explained mainly by hypersensitivity. in addition to dietary antigens, intraluminal microbial agents challenge the immature gut mucosa. although controlled in the mature gut, these antigens may induce inflammation in the developing gastrointestinal tract. the objectives of this study were to evaluate prospectively the clinical course of rectal bleeding and evaluate the impact of cow's milk allerg ... | 2006 | 16585287 |
| rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, prevents shigellosis after experimental challenge. | this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the nonabsorbed oral antibiotic rifaximin to prevent shigellosis in volunteers challenged with shigella flexneri. | 2006 | 16586388 |
| investigating bacillary dysentery: the role of laboratory, technique and people. | 2006 | 16600682 | |
| pulsenet usa: a five-year update. | pulsenet usa is the molecular surveillance network for foodborne infections in the united states. since its inception in 1996, it has been instrumental in detection, investigation and control of numerous outbreaks caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:[h7] (stec o157), salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, shigella spp., and campylobacter. this paper describes the current status of the network, including the methodologies used and its future possibilities. the currently pr ... | 2006 | 16602975 |
| standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and shigella for pulsenet. | standardized rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) protocols for the subtyping of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella serotypes, and shigella species are described. these protocols are used by laboratories in pulsenet, a network of state and local health departments, and other public health laboratories that perform real-time pfge subtyping of these bacterial foodborne pathogens for surveillance and outbreak investigations. development and standardization of these protocols consisted of ... | 2006 | 16602980 |
| standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli: the pulsenet europe feasibility study. | pulsenet usa, the american molecular subtyping network for foodborne infections, has since 1996 been highly successful combating infections caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157, salmonella, listeria, and shigella spp. the pulsenet europe feasibility study was initiated to ascertain the interest of public health and veterinary reference laboratories to establish a similar network, and to determine if it was possible to perform standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ... | 2006 | 16602982 |
| enteric infections and the vaccines to counter them: future directions. | while it is well-recognized that diarrheal diseases remain the second most frequent cause of mortality among children <60 months of age in the developing world, there is nevertheless a need to obtain more precise mortality and hospitalization burden data in populations living in the world's least developed areas. there is also a glaring need to obtain robust etiology data in relation to the different diarrheal disease clinical syndromes, including serotypes of shigella and antigenic types of ete ... | 2006 | 16603279 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of substituted flavones, 4-thioflavones and 4-iminoflavones. | synthesis of flavones, 4-thioflavones and 4-iminoflavones was carried out with the substitution of variable halogens, methyl, methoxy and nitro groups in the a, b and ab rings of the respective compounds and we also report here their antibacterial activity. most of the synthesized compounds were found to be active against escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, shigella flexnari, salmonella aureus, salmonella typhi and pseudomonas aeruginosa. activity of 4-thioflavones and 4-iminoflavones was found ... | 2006 | 16603364 |
| patients with gastrointestinal complains due to enteric parasites, with reference to entamoeba histolytica/dispar as dected by elisa e. histolytica adhesion in stool. | a total of 210 patients with gastrointestinal troubles, of both sex and a mean age of 32 +/- 6.1 years, selected from the outpatient's clinics of al-azhar university hospitals. 115 (54.76%) had dysentery, 95 (45.23%) did not have dysentery, 15 (14%) suffered flatulence, 20 (9.52%) had epi-gastric pain, 19 (9.05%) had vague abdominal pain, 5 vomiting (5.2%) and 10 (4.9%) had fever. two symptoms were in 29 (13.81%) patients and three symptoms in 12 (5.71%). of the 210 patients, 20 (9.9%) had helmi ... | 2006 | 16605100 |
| human campylobacter-associated enteritis on the caribbean island of barbados. | a longitudinal study of the incidence of campylobacter enteritis in barbados was undertaken from january 2000 to august 2003. diarrheal stools received by the central public health laboratory were cultured for campylobacter. the number of reported campylobacter cases exceeded those of shigella but were less than those of salmonella, and increased steadily with each year. isolates from stools were mainly c. jejuni (63.6%) and c. coli (31.8%). the highest isolation rate was found in children 1-4 y ... | 2006 | 16606996 |
| etiology of diarrheal infections in children of porto velho (rondonia, western amazon region, brazil). | in the present study, 470 children less than 72 months of age and presenting acute diarrhea were examined to identify associated enteropathogenic agents. viruses were the pathogens most frequently found in stools of infants with diarrhea, including 111 cases of rotavirus (23.6% of the total diarrhea cases) and 30 cases of adenovirus (6.3%). the second group was diarrheogenic escherichia coli (86 cases, 18.2%), followed by salmonella sp (44 cases, 9.3%) and shigella sp (24 cases, 5.1%). using the ... | 2006 | 16612474 |
| identification of dominant bacteria in feces and colonic mucosa from healthy spanish adults by culturing and by 16s rdna sequence analysis. | the aim of this work was to examine by culturing the changes in the total and indicator populations of the feces of two individuals over 1 year and to identify the dominant microbial components of a single sample of feces from each donor. populations and dominant bacteria from a sample of colonic mucosa from a further individual were also assessed. the culture results were then compared to those obtained with the same samples by 16s rdna cloning and sequencing. high interindividual variation in ... | 2006 | 16614998 |
| homology modeling and molecular dynamics study of chorismate synthase from shigella flexneri. | shigellosis is a major public health problem in many developing countries. antibiotic therapy can reduce the severity of the dysentery and prevent potentially lethal complication. however, owing to the increased resistance to most of the widely used and inexpensive antibiotics, there is an urgent need for new antibacterial agents, particularly those that act on novel targets. chorismate synthase (cs) is a key enzyme in the shikimic acid pathway, which is essential for the synthesis of aromatic a ... | 2006 | 16616535 |
| preliminary foodnet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 states, united states, 2005. | foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the united states. the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) of cdc's emerging infections program collects data from 10 u.s. states regarding diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. foodnet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active, population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed illness. this report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2005 ... | 2006 | 16617286 |
| synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial and anticonvulsant activities of some new 3-[2- (5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl/4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-ones and investigation of their structure-activity relationships. | in the present study, 20 new compounds having 3-[2-(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-one (i-xii) and 3-[2-(4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl)imino-4-thiazoldinon-5-ylidenel-5-substituted/nonsubstituted ih-indole-2-one (xiii-xx) systems were synthesized. the structures were confirmed by spectral methods (uv, ir, 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, 13c-dept (135), electron impact mass spectrometry) and elemental analysis. all compounds were tested fo ... | 2006 | 16618017 |
| archaeology and evolution of transfer rna genes in the escherichia coli genome. | transfer rna genes tend to be presented in multiple copies in the genomes of most organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes. the evolution and genomic structure of trna genes has been a somewhat neglected area of molecular evolution. escherichia coli, the first phylogenetic species for which more than two different strains have been sequenced, provides an invaluable framework to study the evolution of trna genes. in this work, a detailed analysis of the trna structure of the genomes of escherichia ... | 2006 | 16618964 |
| antienterobacterial activity of hemidesmus indicus r. br. root extract. | the antienterobacterial activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts of hemidesmus indicus root was demonstrated using a variety of methods and different enterobacterial strains. although the constituents were similar in the chloroform extract (chi) and the fatty substance separated (me1) from the methanol extract (mhi), me1 was found to be more effective than chi as evident from the disc diffusion method. me1 was found to be more active than mhi, followed by chi. this may be due to the inef ... | 2006 | 16619372 |
| ospe2 of shigella sonnei is required for the maintenance of cell architecture of bacterium-infected cells. | the ospe2 product of shigella spp., the expression of which is regulated by the mxie gene, is secreted through a type iii secretion system into host cells. we investigated the function of ospe2 of shigella sonnei by using cultured epithelial cells. cells invaded by an ospe2 deletion mutant altered their morphology into the rounding shape, which was not due to cell death, whereas cells invaded by the wild-type strain kept their cell shape intact. the ospe2 mutation did not affect initial cell ent ... | 2006 | 16622194 |
| mucosal adjuvant properties of the shigella invasin complex. | the shigella invasin complex (invaplex) is an effective mucosal vaccine capable of protecting against shigella challenge in animal models. the major antigenic constituents of invaplex are the ipa proteins and lipopolysaccharide. the cell-binding capacity of the ipa proteins prompted the investigation into the adjuvanticity of invaplex. using ovalbumin (ova) as a model antigen, intranasal immunization with ova combined with invaplex was found to enhance anti-ova serum immunoglobulin g (igg) and i ... | 2006 | 16622224 |
| a recurring outbreak of shigella sonnei among traditionally observant jewish children in new york city: the risks of daycare and household transmission. | dispersed community outbreaks of shigella sonnei have occurred cyclically among traditionally observant jews in the united states. in february 2000, we investigated a s. sonnei outbreak in one jewish community in new york city. to determine risk factors for introduction of infection into households, we conducted a cohort study of households to compare risk factors for illness among primary subjects within households and age-matched well siblings. isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electr ... | 2006 | 16623986 |
| newly identified bacteriophages carrying the stx2g shiga toxin gene isolated from escherichia coli strains in polluted waters. | shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages are the main vehicle involved in horizontal transmission of stx1 and stx2 genes, which has led to the current spread of stx genes among a high number of escherichia coli serotypes and other enterobacteria. several stx gene variants have been described, although some of the variants have never been isolated from inducible bacteriophages. in this study, two stx2g-carrying bacteriophages induced from two different e. coli o2:h25 strains isolated from different ... | 2006 | 16630267 |
| [the development of irritable bowel syndrome after shigella infection: 3 year follow-up study]. | bacterial gastroenteritis seems to be a risk factor of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). the incidence of post-infectious ibs (pi-ibs) was reported to be in the range of 7-31%, but few studies have reported long term follow-up results. so, we investigated the clinical course and prognosis of pi-ibs three years after shigella infection. | 2006 | 16632982 |
| [application of pulse field gel electrophoresis in molecular typing method on dealing with the outbreak of intestinal pathogen]. | to explore and establish fast and sensitive typing diagnostic methods on intestinal pathogen. | 2006 | 16640911 |
| fast, easy and efficient: site-specific insertion of transgenes into enterobacterial chromosomes using tn7 without need for selection of the insertion event. | inserting transgenes into bacterial chromosomes is generally quite involved, requiring a selection for cells carrying the insertion, usually for drug-resistance, or multiple cumbersome manipulations, or both. several approaches use phage lambda red recombination, which allows for the possibility of mutagenesis of the transgene during a pcr step. | 2006 | 16646962 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among gastroenteritis-causing pathogens recovered in europe and latin america and salmonella isolates recovered from bloodstream infections in north america and latin america: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2003). | gastroenteritis-causing pathogens are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. complicating the clinical diarrhoea syndrome is the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the responsible bacterial pathogens. the reported increases in fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella, shigella and campylobacter have been extremely worrisome considering the primary role of ciprofloxacin as a treatment. in this study, 1479 bacterial isolates from gastroenteritis infections were col ... | 2006 | 16647842 |
| synthesis of hexa- to tridecasaccharides related to shigella dysenteriae type 1 for incorporation in experimental vaccines. | hexa- to tridecasaccharides corresponding to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of the gram-negative bacterium shigella dysenteriae type 1 were synthesized in solution phase. the syntheses utilized tetra-, octa-, and dodecasaccharide intermediates that represent one to three contiguous tetrasaccharide repeating units of the o-sp [synlett2003, 743]. these compounds were glycosylated with mono-, di-, and trisaccharide trichloroacetamidates, which were synthesized in this study. the excellent ste ... | 2006 | 16650395 |
| future directions for research on enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccines for developing countries. | 2006 | 16671213 | |
| direct visualization of red fluorescent lipoproteins indicates conservation of the membrane sorting rules in the family enterobacteriaceae. | chimeras created by fusing the monomeric red fluorescent protein (rfp) to a bacterial lipoprotein signal peptide (liporfps) were visualized in the cell envelope by epifluorescence microscopy. plasmolysis of the bacteria separated the inner and outer membranes, allowing the specific subcellular localization of liporfps to be determined in situ. when equipped with the canonical inner membrane lipoprotein retention signal cdsr, liporfp was located in the inner membrane in escherichia coli, whereas ... | 2006 | 16672606 |
| future needs and directions for shigella vaccines. | 2006 | 16673461 | |
| xylose utilization and short-chain fatty acid production by selected components of the intestinal microflora of a rodent pollinator (aethomys namaquensis). | namaqua rock mice (aethomys namaquensis) consume nectar xylose when visiting protea flowers. whole-animal metabolism studies suggest that the gastrointestinal microflora plays an important role in xylose metabolism in a. namaquensis. we collected caecal contents under anaerobic conditions, cultured caecal microflora both aerobically and anaerobically, and assessed caecal microbial xylose utilization using a (14)c-xylose incubation assay. all four mice sampled hosted culturable caecal micro-organ ... | 2006 | 16676189 |
| the effects of alpha-lactalbumin and glycomacropeptide on the association of caco-2 cells by enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri. | two milk components, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and glycomacropeptide (gmp) may inhibit intestinal infection/intoxification. (3)[h] thymidine-labeled enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), salmonella typhimurium (atcc 6994) or shigella flexneri (atcc 9199) were introduced to caco-2 cultures and their association with caco-2 cells was assessed. undigested, pepsin-digested and pepsin- and pancreatin-digested alpha-lactalbumin and glycomacropeptide inhibited association. thus, milk supplemente ... | 2006 | 16684117 |
| the emerging strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 in bangladesh are clonal. | a total of 113 strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 isolated from patients attending the dhaka diarrhoea treatment centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research during the period 1999-2004 were studied. serotype of the isolates was confirmed using commercially available antisera. except for arabinose fermentation, all the strains had similar biochemical reactions. more than 60% of the strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics; only 6% (n=7) of the strains were resistan ... | 2006 | 16684401 |
| incidence, etiology, and impact of diarrhea among long-term travelers (us military and similar populations): a systematic review. | to determine regional estimates of pathogen-specific prevalence and incidence, as well as, describe morbidity associated with diarrhea among deployed us military and similar populations, a systematic review was conducted for publications between january 1990 to june 2005. point estimates and confidence intervals of pathogen prevalence and travelers' diarrhea incidence were combined in a random effects model and assessed for heterogeneity. in total, 262 studies were identified for potential inclu ... | 2006 | 16687698 |
| [antibiotic resistance, plasmid profile and ribotyping in cuban shigella sonnei strains]. | 2006 | 16688295 | |
| sex and virulence in escherichia coli: an evolutionary perspective. | pathogenic escherichia coli cause over 160 million cases of dysentery and one million deaths per year, whereas non-pathogenic e. coli constitute part of the normal intestinal flora of healthy mammals and birds. the evolutionary pathways underlying this dichotomy in bacterial lifestyle were investigated by multilocus sequence typing of a global collection of isolates. specific pathogen types [enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli, enteroinvasive e. coli, k1 and shigella] have arise ... | 2006 | 16689791 |
| anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies in acute appendicitis detected by elisa. | in acute appendicitis the bowel transmissibility of the intestinal flora increases in relation to inflammation and edema formation. we can therefore observe an immunologic response in patients, which is detectable using different bacteria isolated from the normal intestinal flora. our aim was to measure this immunologic reaction and to detect the relationship between this response and histologic types of acute appendicitis. sera from 47 cases, comprising 38 patients suffering from appendicitis a ... | 2006 | 16689825 |
| epidemiology and genetic characterization of shigella flexneri strains isolated from three paediatric populations in egypt (2000-2004). | ninety-seven isolates of shigella flexneri from children seeking medical care from three sites in egypt were characterized. overall, 46.4% of children (median age 17 months) were febrile or reported blood in their stools, 25.8% were dehydrated and 16.5% were admitted to hospital. serotypes 2a (37.1%), 1b (18.6%), 1c (17.5%), and 6 (15.5%) comprised over 88.7% of the total isolates. we observed marked resistance to ampicillin (87.6%), tetracycline (84.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.9%) ... | 2006 | 16690004 |
| antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. | to develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens. | 2006 | 16696680 |
| [aeromonas associated with an acute diarrhea outbreak in são bento do una, pernambuco]. | an acute diarrhea outbreak, with 2170 cases, was described during january to july, 2004, in são bento do una, pernambuco. 582 stools were examined and an enteric pathogen was recovered in 25% (145 patients). aeromonas species were the most frequent (114-19.5%) and the main isolates were aeromonas caviae (57-9.8%), aeromonas veronii biovar sobria (23-3.9%), aeromonas veronii biovar veronii (15-2.6%) and other species (19-3.2%). the other isolated enteropathogens were vibrio cholerae o1-ogawa toxi ... | 2006 | 16699653 |
| molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing dysentery outbreaks in central african republic, 2003-2004. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) represents a particular threat in developing countries because of the severity of the infection and its epidemic potential. antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profiling (pp) of sd1 isolates collected during two dysentery outbreaks (2013 and 445 cases of bloody diarrhoea) in central african republic (car) during the period 2003-2004 were reported. eleven sd1 comparison strains (cs) a ... | 2006 | 16701761 |
| [diarrhoea-causing agents in children aged less than five in tunja, colombia]. | determining the prevalence and type of infectious add-causing agents in a sample of children aged less than five who consulted the ips in tunja during 2004. | 2006 | 16703965 |
| comparison of the virulence plasmid genomes of two strains of shigella which lost the ability to bind congo red. | we determined and analyzed the shigella flexneri serotype 5 (psf5) and s. dysenteriae serotype 1 (psd1) virulence plasmid genomes. the total length of psf5 is 136513 bp, including 165 open reading frames (orfs). of these orfs, 133 were identified and 32 of those had no significant homology to proteins with known functions. the length of psd1 is 182545 bp, including 224 orfs, of which we identified 181. the remaining 43 orfs were not significantly homologous to proteins with known functions. the ... | 2006 | 16704117 |
| comparative genomics reveals what makes an enterobacterial plant pathogen. | the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae contains some of the most devastating human and animal pathogens, including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and species of yersinia and shigella. these are among the best-studied of any organisms, yet there is much to be learned about the nature and evolution of interactions with their hosts and with the wider environment. comparative and functional genomics have fundamentally improved our understanding of their modes of adaptation to different ecolo ... | 2006 | 16704357 |
| role for erbin in bacterial activation of nod2. | intracellular peptidoglycan (pg) recognition in human cells is mediated by the nacht-lrr proteins nod1 and nod2. elicitation of these proteins by pg motifs released from invasive bacteria triggers signaling events, resulting in the activation of the nf-kappab pathway. in order to decipher the molecular components involved in nod2 signal transduction, we set out to identify new interaction partners of nod2 by using a yeast two-hybrid screen. besides the known interaction partner rip2, the screen ... | 2006 | 16714539 |
| synthesis, a case of isostructural packing, and antimicrobial activity of silver(i)quinoxaline nitrate, silver(i)(2,5-dimethylpyrazine) nitrate and two related silver aminopyridine compounds. | the synthesis and low temperature crystal structures of [ag(quinoxaline)]n(no3)n, 1, [ag(2,5-dimethylpyrazine)(no3)]n, 2 and [ag4(3-aminopyridine)4(no3)4]n 3 are presented. the quinoxaline compound forms a 1d coordination polymer with the characteristic linear 2-coordination figure of silver(i), the n-ag-n angle being 164.2(1) degrees, and only weak silver-nitrate interactions. in addition there is an interaction giving pairs of parallel chains as the main structural theme. the 2,5-dimethylpyraz ... | 2006 | 16718338 |
| iron and pathogenesis of shigella: iron acquisition in the intracellular environment. | shigella species are able to grow in a variety of environments, including intracellularly in host epithelial cells. shigella have a number of different iron transport systems that contribute to their ability to grow in these diverse environments. siderophore iron uptake systems, heme transporters, and ferric and ferrous iron transport systems are present in these bacteria, and the genes encoding some of these systems appear to have spread among the shigella species by horizontal transmission. ir ... | 2006 | 16718602 |
| identification of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnrs in salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | a salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolate of avian origin was investigated for the presence of the gene qnrs, its transferability and its association with other resistance genes. | 2006 | 16720566 |
| two frameshift products involved in the transposition of bacterial insertion sequence is629. | is629 is 1,310 bp in length with a pair of 25-bp imperfect inverted repeats at its termini. two partially overlapping open reading frames, orfa and orfb, are present in is629, and two putative translational frameshift signals, ttttg (t4g) and aaaat (a4t), are located near the 3'-end of orfa. with the lacz gene as the reporter, both t4g and a4t motifs are determined to be a -1 frameshift signal. two peptides representing the two transframe products designated orfab' and orfab, are identified by a ... | 2006 | 16731525 |
| macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | infection with campylobacter jejuni is now considered to be the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. it occurs more frequently than infections caused by salmonella species, shigella species, or escherichia coli o157:h7. although c. jejuni is also recognized for its association with serious post-infection neurological complications, most patients with c. jejuni infections have a self-limited illness. nevertheless, a substantial proportion of these infections a ... | 2006 | 16735431 |
| genome-wide detection and analysis of homologous recombination among sequenced strains of escherichia coli. | comparisons of complete bacterial genomes reveal evidence of lateral transfer of dna across otherwise clonally diverging lineages. some lateral transfer events result in acquisition of novel genomic segments and are easily detected through genome comparison. other more subtle lateral transfers involve homologous recombination events that result in substitution of alleles within conserved genomic regions. this type of event is observed infrequently among distantly related organisms. it is reporte ... | 2006 | 16737554 |
| structural studies of the o-antigenic polysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae type 3 and escherichia coli o124, a reinvestigation. | the structures of the o-antigenic part of the lipopolysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae type 3 and escherichia coli o124 have been reinvestigated. (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy in combination with selected 2d nmr techniques were used to determine the o-antigen pentasaccharide repeating units with the following structure: [see text]. from biosynthetic considerations this should also be the biological repeating unit. the structures of the repeating units also explain the previously observed ... | 2006 | 17081507 |
| disinfection of sludge with high pathogenic content using silver and other compounds. | a physicochemical sludge with high microbial content (10(2)-10(4) fpu/g ts bacteriophages, 10(6)-10(7) mpn/g ts faecal coliforms, 10(4) mpn/g ts salmonella spp., 10(4) mpn/g ts shigella spp., 10(3) mpn/g ts pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10(2) mpn/g ts vibrio cholerae, 10(2)-10(3) cysts/g ts giardia sp., 10(2)-10(4) oocyts/g ts cryptosporidium sp., 168-215 viable helminth ova/g ts) was disinfected using silver, silver-copper, and silver-copper plus a synergistic agent (sa). twenty milligrams ag/g ts in ... | 2006 | 17087384 |
| enterobacterial 38-kda outer membrane protein is an age-dependent molecular marker of innate immunity and immunoglobulin deficiency as results from its reactivity with igg and iga antibody. | in earlier studies on an animal model we observed protective properties of outer membrane proteins (omps) of shigella, hafnia, and escherichia coli strains. in order to investigate human sera for reactivity with omps we subjected these proteins to immunoblotting with umbilical cord plasma and sera from children and adults. the igg and iga antibodies interacted primarily with a 38-kda protein, in similar way for several enterobacterial strains, but different for pseudomonas aeruginosa. this obser ... | 2006 | 17064276 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella species in asmara, eritrea, northeast africa. | diarrheal diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. of the bacterial causes of dysentery, shigella are the major enteropathogens with outbreak potential and common development of antimicrobial resistance. this study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of different spp. of shigella in asmara, eritrea. | 2006 | 17066201 |
| shigella sonnei outbreak among homosexual men, london. | 2006 | 17073105 | |
| [amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping of shigellae and comparison to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and colicin typing]. | shigella is an etiological agent of communicable and food-borne disease worldwide, so it is important to develop typing for shigella in epidemiological studies. we compared amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), molecular epidemiological typing, to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and colicin typing in typeability, reproducibility, discriminatory power, ease of interpretation, and ease of use for 51 shigella isolates to determine aflp applicability to shigella. aflp showed less re ... | 2006 | 17073265 |
| ce to monitor endotoxins by protein complexation. | a new ce method for fast and efficient analysis of bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) is described. it is based on the strong interaction between proteins and endotoxins. the uv absorption of the protein component in the complex is used for the detection. the electrophoretic mobility of the complex hemoglobin/endotoxin can be employed for qualitative analysis of the endotoxin. for instance, the structural differences between "smooth" and "rough" lipopolysaccharides from salmonella minnes ... | 2006 | 17075946 |
| immunoproteome analysis of soluble and membrane proteins of shigella flexneri 2457t. | to profile the immunogenic proteins of shigella flexneri (s. flexneri) expressed during human infection using a proteomic approach. | 2006 | 17075984 |
| direct detection of bacterial faecal indicators in water samples using pcr. | the presence of enteric pathogens in water resources represents a serious risk for public health. therefore, their precise detection, and especially detection of e. coli, which is obviously regarded as the main indicator of faecal contamination of water, is an essential step in ensuring bacterial safety of water. numerous pcr protocols for detection of e. coli have been published to date. they are usually based on amplification of regions derived from lacz (beta-d-galactosidase) and uida (beta-d ... | 2006 | 17037144 |
| [rapid detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa by the fluorescence quantitative pcr assay targeting 16s rdna]. | the 16s rdna specific primers were designed for rapid detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) by the fluorescence quantitative pcr (fq-pcr) assay, based upon multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16s rdnas of over 20 bacteria. after extraction of pa genomic dna, the target 16s rdna fragment was amplified by pcr with specific primers, and used to construct recombinant pmdt-pfr plasmid, the dilution gradients of which were subjected to the standard quantitation curve i ... | 2006 | 17037203 |
| wavelet analysis of dna walks. | a wavelet transform of the dna "walk" constructed from a genomic sequence offers a direct visualization of short and long-range patterns in nucleotide sequences. we study sequences that encode diverse biological functions, taken from a variety of genomes. pattern irregularities in the transform are frequently associated with sequences of biological interest. exonic regions, for example, visualize differently under wavelet analysis than introns, and ribosomal rna regions display distinct universa ... | 2006 | 17037959 |
| a field study of the microbiological quality of fresh produce of domestic and mexican origin. | produce is responsible for an increasingly larger proportion of foodborne disease outbreaks. in particular, the globalization of the food supply may introduce new food safety risks and allow widespread distribution of contaminated food, particularly produce. the objectives of this study were to: (i) compare the overall quality of domestic and mexican produce throughout the packing process; (ii) examine changes in microbiological quality of both domestic and mexican produce at each stage of produ ... | 2006 | 17045687 |
| 13c nmr spectroscopy of core heme carbons as a simple tool to elucidate the coordination state of ferric high-spin heme proteins. | evidence is presented demonstrating that the magnitudes of the 13c chemical shifts originating from heme meso carbons provide a straightforward diagnostic tool to elucidate the coordination state of high-spin heme proteins and enzymes. pentacoordinate high-spin heme centers exhibit 13c meso shifts centered at approximately 250 ppm, whereas their hexacoordinate counterparts exhibit 13c shifts centered at approximately -80 ppm. the relatively small spectral window (400 to -100 ppm) covering the me ... | 2006 | 17054345 |
| distribution of shigella enterotoxin genes and secreted autotransporter toxin gene among diverse species and serotypes of shigella isolated from andaman islands, india. | we studied the prevalence and distribution of the newly described genes for shigella enterotoxins (shet1 and shet2, encoded by set and sen genes) and secreted auto-transporter toxin (encoded by sat gene) in clinical isolates from the andaman islands, india. a total of 153 shigella isolates obtained from hospitalized patients during 1994-2004 were analysed. these isolates included all the four species of shigella (s. dyseteriae-29, s. flexneri-75, s. sonnei-38, s. boydii-5) that belonged to diver ... | 2006 | 17054749 |
| the bacterial weaponry: lessons from shigella. | shigella, a gram-negative bacterial species of the family enterobacteriaceae, causes bacillary dysentery in humans, an acute rectocolitis that reflects the capacity of the microorganism to disrupt, invade, and cause the inflammatory destruction of the intestinal epithelium. here, the pathogenesis of shigella infection is analyzed in the context of the disruption of the homeostatic balance that protects the gut against inflammation in the presence of its commensal flora. thus a unified view by wh ... | 2006 | 17057210 |
| metalloantibiotics: synthesis, characterization and in-vitro antibacterial studies on cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes with cloxacillin. | the synthesis and characterization of cloxacillin (clox) complexes with divalent metal ions [co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii)] is described. the nature of bonding of the chelated cloxacillin and the structures of the metal complexes have been elucidated on the basis of their physical and spectroscopic data. in all the complexes, the cloxacillin acts as a uninegatively charged bidentate ligand with coordination involving the carboxylate-o and endocyclic-n of the beta-lactam ring. the new com ... | 2006 | 17059178 |
| transcriptional slippage controls production of type iii secretion apparatus components in shigella flexneri. | during transcription, series of approximately 9 as or ts can direct rna polymerase to incorporate into the mrna nucleotides not encoded by the dna, changing the reading frame downstream from the slippage site. we detected series of 9 or 10 as in spa13, spa33 and mxia encoding type iii secretion apparatus components. analysis of cdnas indicated that transcriptional slippage occurs in spa13, mxia and spa33. changes in the reading frame were confirmed by using plasmids carrying slippage sites in th ... | 2006 | 17059566 |
| identification of essential loops and residues of glucosyltransferase v (gtrv) of shigella flexneri. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), particularly the o-antigen component, is one of many virulence determinants necessary for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. o-antigen modification is mediated by glucosyltransferase (gtr) genes encoded by temperate serotype-converting bacteriophages. the gtrv and gtrx genes encode the gtrv and gtrx glucosyltransferases, respectively. these are integral membrane proteins, which catalyze the transfer of a glucosyl residue via an alpha1,3 linkage to rhamnose ii and rhamnose ... | 2006 | 17060158 |
| ipaa targets beta1 integrins and rho to promote actin cytoskeleton rearrangements necessary for shigella entry. | shigella invasion into the colonic epithelium involves many steps including the formation of large membrane protrusions by the epithelial cells that facilitate bacterial engulfment. ipaa, a shigella protein secreted into target cells upon cell contact induces a loss of actin stress fibers in cells and promotes the reorganization of actin at the site of entry. the mechanism for this is not known but is thought to involve recruitment of the focal adhesion protein vinculin to ipaa. here we have exa ... | 2006 | 17060328 |
| rna-templated chemistry in cells: discrimination of escherichia, shigella and salmonella bacterial strains with a new two-color fret strategy. | 2006 | 17031884 | |
| [the electron microscopic study of cell-to-cell interactions between antagonistic microorganisms]. | the electron microscopic study of thin sections and positively stained specimens of cells taken from particular cocultures of lactobacillus acidophilus d75, lactobacillus casei yit 9018, shigella flexnery 2a, bacillus subtilis atcc 6633, and staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 (some of these bacteria are antagonistic to others) showed the presence of specific ultrastructural elements indicating cell specialization and cooperation. the responses of antagonistic bacteria manifested themselves at the ... | 2006 | 17025183 |
| identification and characterization of "pathoadaptive mutations" of the cadba operon in several intestinal escherichia coli. | the dysenteric shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) have evolved from commensal e. coli by the acquisition of a virulence plasmid and inactivation of genes of the cad locus encoding lysine decarboxylase (ldc) by so-called pathoadaptive mutation. as horizontal gene transfer and recombination occurs frequently in e. coli we were interested to see if similar pathoadaptive mutations are commonly present in other intestinal pathotypes. therefore, we examined 140 intestinal e. coli ... | 2006 | 17027337 |
| bacterial aetiology of diarrhoea in young children: high prevalence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) not belonging to the classical epec serogroups. | diarrhoeal disease continues to be one of the most common causes of admittance in children hospital emergency. the aim of the present study was to investigate the relative contribution of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec, respectively) as a cause of infectious bacterial diarrhoea in children from the region of toulouse. we analysed 280 samples of stools from 280 children (<2 years) with diarrhoea admitted in the "hopital des enfants" from january to august 2 ... | 2006 | 17030460 |
| different additional risk factors for cerebral infarctions associated with the factor v leiden mutation in a family. | several cases with cerebral infarctions associated with the factor v leiden mutation have been reported. however, bearing in mind the large number of asymptomatic individuals with the factor v leiden mutation, additional risk factors for cerebral infarctions should be considered. in this report, two siblings with cerebral infarctions associated with a combination of heterozygous factor v leiden mutation and different additional exogenous and endogenous thrombogenic risk factors are described. re ... | 2006 | 17005112 |
| crystal structure of the diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase from shigella flexneri 2a. | 2006 | 17006950 | |
| general practitioner practices in requesting laboratory tests for patients with gastroenteritis in the netherlands, 2001-2002. | the objective of this study was to estimate the (selective) proportion of patients consulting their gp for an episode of gastroenteritis for whom laboratory tests were requested. in addition adherence of gps to the guidelines for diagnostic test regime was ascertained. | 2006 | 17014713 |
| induction of expression of hfq by dksa is essential for shigella flexneri virulence. | hfq plays an important role in cellular physiology by regulating the expression of several genes. hfq synthesis in escherichia coli is subject to auto-repression at translational level. studies with shigella flexneri show that hfq transcription is regulated by a pleiotropic regulator, dksa. comparison of gene expression profiles of wild type and dksa mutant s. flexneri determined that hfq expression was reduced in the dksa mutant. as dksa is required for stress resistance and plaque formation in ... | 2006 | 17020583 |
| development of a serotype-specific dna microarray for identification of some shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli strains. | shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli are major causes of human infectious diseases and are responsible for millions of cases of diarrhea worldwide every year. a convenient and rapid method to identify highly pathogenic serotypes of shigella and e. coli is needed for large-scale epidemiologic study, timely clinical diagnosis, and reliable quarantine of the pathogens. in this study, a dna microarray targeting o-serotype-specific genes was developed to detect 15 serotypes of shigella and e. col ... | 2006 | 17021058 |
| evaluation of the bd phoenix automated microbiology system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae. | we evaluated the accuracy of the bd phoenix system for the identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of 251 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae representing 31 species. organisms were inoculated onto the phoenix panel according to the manufacturer's instructions. the results from conventional biochemical tests were used for the reference method for id. agar dilution, performed according to the clsi guidelines, was the reference ast method. essential and categorical ... | 2006 | 17021074 |
| outbreaks of multidrug-resistant shigella sonnei gastroenteritis associated with day care centers--kansas, kentucky, and missouri, 2005. | infection with shigella sonnei that is resistant to antibiotics commonly used in pediatric practice has become more common during the past decade. in 2005, kansas, kentucky, and missouri reported increases in shigellosis cases associated with day care centers caused predominantly by multidrug-resistant (mdr) (i.e., resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [tmp/smx]) strains of s. sonnei. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns for isolates from kansas and missouri were ... | 2006 | 17021592 |
| [development of a gold-immunochromatography test for rapid detecting e. coli o157]. | to develop a method for rapid detecting escherichia coli (e. coli) o157 on site. | 2006 | 16986519 |
| quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri: a preliminary study. | 2006 | 16987134 | |
| usefulness of inter-is1 spacer polymorphisms for subtyping of shigella sonnei isolates. | shigella sonnei contains numerous is1 elements. the existence of polymorphisms in the length of the inter-is1 spacer is a basis for the development of a pcr-based method for the subtyping of s. sonnei strains. the usefulness of inter-is1 spacer typing (ist) was evaluated and compared with that of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) by characterization of s. sonnei isolates from epidemiologically nonrelated cases and outbreaks and of isolates that were indistinguishable by pfge and that were ... | 2006 | 16988023 |
| ospf and ospc1 are shigella flexneri type iii secretion system effectors that are required for postinvasion aspects of virulence. | shigella flexneri is the causative agent of dysentery, and its pathogenesis is mediated by a type iii secretion system (t3ss). s. flexneri secretes effector proteins into the eukaryotic cell via the t3ss, and these proteins usurp host cellular functions to the benefit of the bacteria. ospf and ospc1 are known to be secreted by s. flexneri, but their functions are unknown. we transformed s. flexneri with a plasmid that expresses a two-hemagglutinin tag (2ha) in frame with ospf or ospc1 and verifi ... | 2006 | 16988276 |
| an extensive repertoire of type iii secretion effectors in escherichia coli o157 and the role of lambdoid phages in their dissemination. | several pathogenic strains of escherichia coli exploit type iii secretion to inject "effector proteins" into human cells, which then subvert eukaryotic cell biology to the bacterium's advantage. we have exploited bioinformatics and experimental approaches to establish that the effector repertoire in the sakai strain of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) o157:h7 is much larger than previously thought. homology searches led to the identification of >60 putative effector genes. thirteen of these were ... | 2006 | 16990433 |
| risk factors for shigellosis in thailand. | to assess the potential risk factors for shigellosis including housefly density. | 2006 | 16997593 |
| high vaccine efficacy against shigellosis of recombinant noninvasive shigella mutant that expresses yersinia invasin. | live attenuated shigella vaccines elicit protective immune responses, but involve a potential risk of inducing a strong inflammatory reaction. the bacterial invasiveness that is crucial for ag delivery causes inflammatory destruction of infected epithelial cells and proinflammatory cell death of infected macrophages. in this study, the noninvasive shigella mutant deltaipab was equipped with yersinia invasin protein, which has been shown to mediate bacterial invasion and targeting to m cells loca ... | 2006 | 16982910 |
| molecular model of a type iii secretion system needle: implications for host-cell sensing. | type iii secretion systems are essential virulence determinants for many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. the type iii secretion system consists of cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular domains. the extracellular domain is a hollow needle protruding above the bacterial surface and is held within a basal body that traverses both bacterial membranes. effector proteins are translocated, via this external needle, directly into host cells, where they subvert normal cell functions to aid inf ... | 2006 | 16888041 |
| comprehensive proteomic analysis of shigella flexneri 2a membrane proteins. | shigella flexneri is the causative agent of most shigellosis cases in developing countries. we used different proteolytic enzymes to selectively shave the protruding proteins on the surface of purified bacterial membrane sheets or vesicles, and recovered peptides were subsequently identified using 2-d lc-ms/ms. as a result, a total of 666 proteins were unambiguously assigned, including 159 integral membrane proteins, 35 outer membrane proteins and 114 proteins previously annotated as hypothetica ... | 2006 | 16889407 |
| characterization of shigella strains in iran by plasmid profile analysis and pcr amplification of ipa genes. | to characterize shigella clinical strains, we studied 82 shigella strains recovered from 719 stool samples of patients with bloody diarrhea in shiraz, iran, over the period from april to october 2003. serological assay classified the shigella isolates as follows: 61 (74.39%) shigella sonnei isolates, 16 (19.51%) shigella flexneri isolates, 3 (3.65%) shigella boydii isolates, and 2 (2.43%) shigella dysenteriae isolates. in an antibiogram test, all shigella strains were susceptible to ceftazidime, ... | 2006 | 16891506 |
| structure of yidb protein from shigella flexneri shows a new fold with homeodomain motif. | 2006 | 16927377 | |
| use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for comparison of similar but distinguishable isolates of shigella sonnei collected in ireland and italy. | comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (generated with xbai and blni) of shigella sonnei isolates from ireland and italy suggests that two possibly distantly related lineages are present in both countries. smaller, more closely related groups, including isolates from ireland and italy, were also noted. these groups raise the possibility that the dissemination of clonal groups of s. sonnei may have occurred in recent years. | 2006 | 16928969 |
| verotoxin-1 induction of apoptosis in gb3-expressing human glioma cell lines. | the aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity and mechanism of apoptosis induction of verotoxin-1 (vt-1) in human glioma cell lines. vt-1 is a member of the shiga-toxin family expressed by some serotypes of escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae. shiga-toxins have been shown to induce apoptosis by binding to its membrane receptor gb3. the human glioma cell lines sf-767, u-343 mg, and u-251 mg were studied together with bt4c, a rat glioma cell line. cells were first screened for gb3 ex ... | 2006 | 16929170 |
| structural and genetic characterization of shigella boydii type 17 o antigen and confirmation of two new genes involved in the synthesis of glucolactilic acid. | shigella strains are human pathogens and normally identified based on their o antigens. the chemical structure and gene cluster of shigella boydii type 17 o antigen were studied. as judged by sugar and methylation analyses along with nmr spectroscopy data, the o antigen of s. boydii type 17 has a linear trisaccharide o unit, which consists of two residues of n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac) and a 4-o-[(r)-1-carboxyethyl]-d-glucose (glucolactilic acid). the o antigen gene cluster of s. boydii type ... | 2006 | 16930547 |
| [sequence of escherichia coli o11 o-antigen gene cluster and identification of molecular markers specific to o11]. | escherichia coli o11 belongs to shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), which can cause food-borne disease, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) in humans. because of its character of specificity, the o-antigen gene cluster provides the best material for the selection of molecular markers which can be used for rapid genotyping of bacterial strain. in this study, the e.coli o11 o-antigen gene cluster was amplified by long-range pcr and was sequenced using shotgun-sequen ... | 2006 | 16933598 |
| study of hand hygiene and enteroparasite infestation among food handlers working in a medical college of north india. | the present study was conducted to assess: 1) prevalence of enteroparasite infestation among food handlers working in food service establishments located in the campus of a medical college, 2) presence of enteric organisms on their hands and nails and their hand washing practices. a total of 151 food handlers were interviewed regarding their socio-demographic and professional characteristics. their hand washing practices were also observed. stool examination for enteroparasites and stool culture ... | 2006 | 16933748 |
| reciprocal transcriptional and posttranscriptional growth-phase-dependent expression of sfh, a gene that encodes a paralogue of the nucleoid-associated protein h-ns. | the inchi1 self-transmissible plasmid psf-r27 from shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457t harbors sfh, a gene that codes for a protein with strong amino acid sequence homology to the global transcription regulator and nucleoid-associated protein h-ns and to its paralogue, stpa. previously, we discovered that the expression of sfh mrna is growth phase dependent such that in cultures growing in lennox broth at 37 degrees c, the transcript is readily detectable in the early stages of exponential growth ... | 2006 | 16936022 |
| enterotoxigenic escherichia coli causing cholerogenic syndrome during an interepidemic period of cholera in north india. | a study was undertaken to look for heat-labile enterotoxin producing escherichia coli (lt-etec) in patients with acute watery diarrhea resembling cholera in chandigarh in north india. two periods were selected, an interepidemic (2001) and an epidemic (2002) period. heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) was detected using reverse passive latex agglutination test. lt-etec strains were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibility was studied. lt-etec was detected in 16 of 21 stool samples during 2001. other o ... | 2006 | 16936343 |
| shigellosis in kobe city, japan, after school excursion to malaysia and singapore. | 2006 | 16936352 | |
| shigella sonnei outbreak among japanese travelers returning from hawaii. | 2006 | 16936358 |