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tnf-alpha and antibodies to periodontal bacteria discriminate between alzheimer's disease patients and normal subjects.the associations of inflammation/immune responses with clinical presentations of alzheimer's disease (ad) remain unclear. we hypothesized that tnf-alpha and elevated antibodies to periodontal bacteria would be greater in ad compared to normal controls (nl) and their combination would aid clinical diagnosis of ad. plasma tnf-alpha and antibodies against periodontal bacteria were elevated in ad patients compared with nl and independently associated with ad. the number of positive igg to periodonta ...200919767111
pathophysiology of age-related diseases.a symposium regarding the pathophysiology of successful and unsuccessful ageing was held in palermo, italy on 7-8 april 2009. three lectures from that symposium by g. campisi, l. ginaldi and f. licastro are here summarized. ageing is a complex process which negatively impacts on the development of various bodily systems and its ability to function. a long life in a healthy, vigorous, youthful body has always been one of humanity's greatest dreams. thus, a better understanding of the pathophysiol ...200919737378
clinical and microbiological benefits of strict supragingival plaque control as part of the active phase of periodontal therapy.to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing (srp) alone or combined with mechanical [professional plaque control (ppc)] or chemical [chlorhexidine rinsing (chx)] control of supragingival plaque in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.200919703236
prevalence of periodontal pathogens in coronary atherosclerotic plaque of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.chronic bacterial infections have been associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. the ability of oral pathogens to colonize in coronary atheromatous plaque is well known. the aim of our study was to detect the presence of four common periodontal pathogens in coronary plaques. we detected the presence of 16s rrna of treponema denticola, eikenella corrodens, porphyromonas gingivalis and campylobacter rectus in subgingival and atherosclerotic plaques of cabg ...200923139486
distinctive features of the microbiota associated with different forms of apical periodontitis.microorganisms infecting the dental root canal system play an unequivocal role as causative agents of apical periodontitis. although fungi, archaea, and viruses have been found in association with some forms of apical periodontitis, bacteria are the main microbial etiologic agents of this disease. bacteria colonizing the root canal are usually organized in communities similar to biofilm structures. culture and molecular biology technologies have demonstrated that the endodontic bacterial communi ...200921523208
the oral microbiota: living with a permanent guest.the oral cavity of healthy individuals contains hundreds of different bacterial, viral, and fungal species. many of these can associate to form biofilms, which are resistant to mechanical stress or antibiotic treatment. most are also commensal species, but they can become pathogenic in responses to changes in the environment or other triggers in the oral cavity, including the quality of an individual's personal hygiene. the complexity of the oral microbiome is being characterized through the new ...200919485767
periodontitis in pregnancy: clinical and serum antibody observations from a baboon model of ligature-induced disease.chronic oral infections that elicit host responses leading to periodontal disease are linked with various sequelae of systemic diseases. this report provides seminal information on the clinical and adaptive immunologic characteristics of a baboon model of ligature-induced periodontitis during pregnancy.200919563297
oral microbiology: past, present and future.since the initial observations of oral bacteria within dental plaque by van leeuwenhoek using his primitive microscopes in 1680, an event that is generally recognized as the advent of oral microbiological investigation, oral microbiology has gone through phases of "reductionism" and "holism". from the small beginnings of the miller and black period, in which microbiologists followed koch's postulates, took the reductionist approach to try to study the complex oral microbial community by analyzin ...200920687296
uncovering metabolic pathways relevant to phenotypic traits of microbial genomes.identifying the biochemical basis of microbial phenotypes is a main objective of comparative genomics. here we present a novel method using multivariate machine learning techniques for comparing automatically derived metabolic reconstructions of sequenced genomes on a large scale. applying our method to 266 genomes directly led to testable hypotheses such as the link between the potential of microorganisms to cause periodontal disease and their ability to degrade histidine, a link also supported ...200919284550
principles and applications of polymerase chain reaction in medical diagnostic fields: a review.recent developments in molecular methods have revolutionized the detection and characterization of microorganisms in a broad range of medical diagnostic fields, including virology, mycology, parasitology, microbiology and dentistry. among these methods, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has generated great benefits and allowed scientific advancements. pcr is an excellent technique for the rapid detection of pathogens, including those difficult to culture. along with conventional pcr techniques, re ...200924031310
probing the macromolecular organization of cells by electron tomography.a major goal in cell biology is to understand the functional organization of macromolecular complexes in vivo. electron microscopy is helping cell biologists to achieve this goal, thanks to its ability to resolve structural details in the nanometer range. while issues related to specimen preparation, imaging, and image interpretation make this approach to cell architecture difficult, recent improvements in methods, equipment, and software have facilitated the study of both important macromolecul ...200919185480
molecular microbial diagnosis. 200919878468
vaccines and photodynamic therapies for oral microbial-related diseases.the mouth is a favorable habitat for a great variety of bacteria. microbial composition of dental plaque is the usual cause of various oral diseases in humans, including dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. in general, oral antibacterial agents such as antibiotics are commonly used to treat oral bacterial infection. traditional periodontal surgery is painful and time-consuming. in addition, bacterial resistance and toxicity of antibiotics have become a global pandemic and unavoidabl ...200919149517
toll gates to periodontal host modulation and vaccine therapy. 200919878475
rapid universal identification of bacterial pathogens from clinical cultures by using a novel sloppy molecular beacon melting temperature signature technique.a real-time pcr assay with the ability to rapidly identify all pathogenic bacteria would have widespread medical utility. current real-time pcr technologies cannot accomplish this task due to severe limitations in multiplexing ability. to this end, we developed a new assay system which supports very high degrees of multiplexing. we developed a new class of mismatch-tolerant "sloppy" molecular beacons, modified them to provide an extended hybridization range, and developed a multiprobe, multimelt ...200919923485
rapid universal identification of bacterial pathogens from clinical cultures by using a novel sloppy molecular beacon melting temperature signature technique.a real-time pcr assay with the ability to rapidly identify all pathogenic bacteria would have widespread medical utility. current real-time pcr technologies cannot accomplish this task due to severe limitations in multiplexing ability. to this end, we developed a new assay system which supports very high degrees of multiplexing. we developed a new class of mismatch-tolerant "sloppy" molecular beacons, modified them to provide an extended hybridization range, and developed a multiprobe, multimelt ...200919923485
target selection and annotation for the structural genomics of the amidohydrolase and enolase superfamilies.to study the substrate specificity of enzymes, we use the amidohydrolase and enolase superfamilies as model systems; members of these superfamilies share a common tim barrel fold and catalyze a wide range of chemical reactions. here, we describe a collaboration between the enzyme specificity consortium (enspec) and the new york sgx research center for structural genomics (nysgxrc) that aims to maximize the structural coverage of the amidohydrolase and enolase superfamilies. using sequence- and s ...200919219566
electron cryotomography: a new view into microbial ultrastructure.electron cryotomography (ect) is an emerging technology that allows thin samples such as small bacterial cells to be imaged in 3d in a nearly native state to 'molecular' (approximately 4nm) resolution. as such, ect is beginning to deliver long-awaited insight into the positions and structures of cytoskeletal filaments, cell wall elements, motility machines, chemoreceptor arrays, internal compartments, and other ultrastructures. here we briefly explain ect, review its recent contributions to micr ...200919427259
minimum contradiction matrices in whole genome phylogenies.minimum contradiction matrices are a useful complement to distance-based phylogenies. a minimum contradiction matrix represents phylogenetic information under the form of an ordered distance matrix y(i) (,) (j) (n). a matrix element corresponds to the distance from a reference vertex n to the path (i, j). for an x-tree or a split network, the minimum contradiction matrix is a robinson matrix. it therefore fulfills all the inequalities defining perfect order: y(i) (,) (j) (n) >or= y(i) (,) (k) (n ...200819204821
evolutionary primacy of sodium bioenergetics.the f- and v-type atpases are rotary molecular machines that couple translocation of protons or sodium ions across the membrane to the synthesis or hydrolysis of atp. both the f-type (found in most bacteria and eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts) and v-type (found in archaea, some bacteria, and eukaryotic vacuoles) atpases can translocate either protons or sodium ions. the prevalent proton-dependent atpases are generally viewed as the primary form of the enzyme whereas the sodium-transloca ...200818380897
buerger disease, smoking, and periodontitis.weak oral bacteria such as periodontal bacteria or chlamydia pneumoniae have been observed in various arterial and venous lesions with epidemiological data reported prior to the discovery of bacterial invasion into vessels. rich lymph vessels easily bring the bacteria from the mouth to the neck and the venous angle, which is directly open to the blood vessels. periodontal bacteria travel within platelets and chlamydia pneumoniae can be carried by monocytes. the transportation system of other wea ...200823555343
detection of multiple pathogenic species in saliva is associated with periodontal infection in adults.we investigated whether certain bacterial species and their combinations in saliva can be used as markers for periodontitis. in 1,198 subjects, the detection of multiple species, rather than the presence of a certain pathogen, in saliva was associated with periodontitis as determined by the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets.200819020069
detection of multiple pathogenic species in saliva is associated with periodontal infection in adults.we investigated whether certain bacterial species and their combinations in saliva can be used as markers for periodontitis. in 1,198 subjects, the detection of multiple species, rather than the presence of a certain pathogen, in saliva was associated with periodontitis as determined by the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets.200819020069
a comparative study of antimicrobial activity of proroot mta, root mta, and portland cement on actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.the purpose of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of proroot mta (prmta), root mta (rmta) and portland cement (pc) at their clinical concentration (70 mg/25 µl) against actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (aa) one of the prominent periodontal (pocket) microorganisms.200824082905
host defense peptides in the oral cavity and the lung: similarities and differences.peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity are found in the mucosal surfaces at many sites in the body, including the airway, the oral cavity, and the digestive tract. based on their in vitro antimicrobial and other immunomodulatory activities, these host defense peptides have been proposed to play an important role in the innate defense against pathogenic microbial colonization. the genes that encode these peptides are up-regulated by pathogens, further supporting their role in innate ...200818809744
inflammation as a potential mediator for the association between periodontal disease and alzheimer's disease.periodontal disease (pdd) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and mortality in many studies, while other studies have begun to suggest an association of pdd with alzheimer's disease (ad). this paper discusses how infectious pathogens and systemic infection may play a role in ad. the roles of infection and inflammation are addressed specifically with regard to known ad pathologic lesions including senile plaques, neuron death, neurofibrillary tang ...200819183779
periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young african-americans from salvador, ba, brazil.this cross-sectional study evaluated the periodontal status and the presence of periodontopathogens in 132 young, black ethnic subjects who live in salvador/bahia-brazil and have never smoked. periodontal probing depth (ppd), clinical attachment level (cal), plaque index (pi) and gingival index (gi) were measured and analyzed by anova and wilcoxon tests (p<0.05) according to gender and age. the presence of a.actinomycetemcomitans, p.gingivalis, e.corrodens and f.nucleatum was determined by pcr a ...200824031206
a review of the relationship between tooth loss, periodontal disease, and cancer.recent studies have investigated the association between periodontal disease, tooth loss, and several systemic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and preterm birth. periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, is highly prevalent in adult populations around the world, and may be preventable. estimates of prevalence vary between races and geographic regions, with a marked increase in the occurrence of periodontal disease with advancing age. worldwide estimates for the pr ...200818478344
energy metabolism among eukaryotic anaerobes in light of proterozoic ocean chemistry.recent years have witnessed major upheavals in views about early eukaryotic evolution. one very significant finding was that mitochondria, including hydrogenosomes and the newly discovered mitosomes, are just as ubiquitous and defining among eukaryotes as the nucleus itself. a second important advance concerns the readjustment, still in progress, about phylogenetic relationships among eukaryotic groups and the roughly six new eukaryotic supergroups that are currently at the focus of much attenti ...200818468979
kindler syndrome and periodontal disease: review of the literature and a 12-year follow-up case.the association of aggressive periodontitis with kindler syndrome was based on a single case in 1996 and later confirmed with a larger population. since then, significant research has greatly increased our understanding of the molecular pathology of this disorder. we review recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of the syndrome and present a maintenance case report of a patient who has been followed in our clinic.200818454678
beyond good and evil in the oral cavity: insights into host-microbe relationships derived from transcriptional profiling of gingival cells.in many instances, the encounter between host and microbial cells, through a long-standing evolutionary association, can be a balanced interaction whereby both cell types co-exist and inflict a minimal degree of harm on each other. in the oral cavity, despite the presence of large numbers of diverse organisms, health is the most frequent status. disease will ensue only when the host-microbe balance is disrupted on a cellular and molecular level. with the advent of microarrays, it is now possible ...200818296603
a scenario on the stepwise evolution of the genetic code.it is believed that in the rna world the operational (ribozymes) and the informational (riboscripts) rna molecules were created with only three (adenosine, uridine, and guanosine) and two (adenosine and uridine) nucleosides, respectively, so that the genetic code started uncomplicated. ribozymes subsequently evolved to be able to cut and paste themselves and riboscripts were acceptive to rigorous editing (adenosine to inosine); the intensive diversification of rna molecules shaped novel cellular ...200818267295
a scenario on the stepwise evolution of the genetic code.it is believed that in the rna world the operational (ribozymes) and the informational (riboscripts) rna molecules were created with only three (adenosine, uridine, and guanosine) and two (adenosine and uridine) nucleosides, respectively, so that the genetic code started uncomplicated. ribozymes subsequently evolved to be able to cut and paste themselves and riboscripts were acceptive to rigorous editing (adenosine to inosine); the intensive diversification of rna molecules shaped novel cellular ...200818267295
rickettsia phylogenomics: unwinding the intricacies of obligate intracellular life.completed genome sequences are rapidly increasing for rickettsia, obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacteria responsible for various human diseases, including epidemic typhus and rocky mountain spotted fever. in light of phylogeny, the establishment of orthologous groups (ogs) of open reading frames (orfs) will distinguish the core rickettsial genes and other group specific genes (class 1 ogs or c1ogs) from those distributed indiscriminately throughout the rickettsial tree (class 2 og or c2ogs) ...200819194535
[relationship of putative periodontopathogenic bacteria and drug-induced gingival overgrowth].to investigate the effect of putative periodontopathogenic bacteria on the development of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (go) in renal transplant recipients.200819031785
persistence of extracrevicular bacterial reservoirs after treatment of aggressive periodontitis.the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that periodontal pathogens associated with aggressive periodontitis persist in extracrevicular locations following scaling and root planing, systemic antibiotics, and antimicrobial rinses.200819053921
coaggregation of treponema denticola with porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum is mediated by the major outer sheath protein of treponema denticola.coagreggation of treponema denticola with either porphyromonas gingivalis or fusobacterium nucleatum was characterized and the role of the major outer sheath protein (msp) in the coaggregation process of these bacteria was evaluated. the msp of t. denticola was found to be able to bind to p. gingivalis and f. nucleatum cells and this binding could be inhibited by msp in a concentration-dependent manner. while sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and periodic acid-schiff (pas ...200819054094
detection of helicobacter pylori dna in the saliva of patients complaining of halitosis.helicobacter pylori infection, which causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, is considered a possible cause of halitosis. recently, the oral cavity was identified as a possible h. pylori reservoir, particularly in the presence of periodontal disease, which is a cause of halitosis. the purpose of this study was to evaluate by pcr the prevalence of oral h. pylori in the saliva of subjects complaining of halitosis. samples were obtained from 326 non-dyspeptic subjects, comprising 251 subjects with ...200819018029
a bifunctional kinase-phosphatase in bacterial chemotaxis.phosphorylation-based signaling pathways employ dephosphorylation mechanisms for signal termination. histidine to aspartate phosphosignaling in the two-component system that controls bacterial chemotaxis has been studied extensively. rhodobacter sphaeroides has a complex chemosensory pathway with multiple homologues of the escherichia coli chemosensory proteins, although it lacks homologues of known signal-terminating chey-p phosphatases, such as chez, chec, fliy or chex. here, we demonstrate th ...200819020080
free soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappab ligand in gingival crevicular fluid correlates with distinct pathogens in periodontitis patients.the aim of the experiment was to investigate the levels of free soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kb ligand (srankl) in periodontal health and disease and their correlations to clinical parameters and important periodontal pathogens.200818988315
the diverse chec-type phosphatases: chemotaxis and beyond.a new class of protein phosphatases has emerged in the study of bacterial/archaeal chemotaxis, the chec-type phosphatases. these proteins are distinct and unrelated to the well-known chey-p phosphatase chez, though they have convergently evolved to dephosphorylate the same target. the family contains a common consensus sequence d/s-x(3)-e-x(2)-n-x(22)-p that defines the phosphatase active site, of which there are often two per protein. three distinct subgroups make up the family: chec, fliy and ...200818990184
treponema denticola does not induce production of common innate immune mediators from primary gingival epithelial cells.it has been hypothesized that the neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (il-8) forms a gradient in the oral cavity, with the highest concentration of il-8 produced closest to the bacterial biofilm. in periodontitis, this gradient is disrupted, impairing neutrophil chemotaxis to diseased sites. treponema denticola is prominently associated with periodontal disease, yet little is known about its ability to modulate the production of inflammatory mediators by epithelial cells. others have shown ...200818954353
tree of life based on genome context networks.efforts in phylogenomics have greatly improved our understanding of the backbone tree of life. however, due to the systematic error in sequence data, a sequence-based phylogenomic approach leads to well-resolved but statistically significant incongruence. thus, independent test of current phylogenetic knowledge is required. here, we have devised a distance-based strategy to reconstruct a highly resolved backbone tree of life, on the basis of the genome context networks of 195 fully sequenced rep ...200818852873
photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.recent preclinical and clinical data have suggested a potential benefit of photodynamic therapy (pdt) in the treatment of periodontitis. however, there are very limited data from controlled clinical trials evaluating the effect of pdt in the treatment of periodontitis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of the adjunctive use of pdt to non-surgical periodontal treatment.200818771363
identification of a methioninase inhibitor, myrsinoic acid b, from myrsine seguinii lév., and its inhibitory activities.a methioninase inhibitor from myrsine seguinii was purified and identified as myrsinoic acid b. its inhibitory activities as to crude methioninase from periodontal bacteria such as fusobacterium nucleatum, porphyromonas gingivalis, and treponema denticola were determined. the ic50 values were 10.5, 82.4, and 30.3 microm respectively.200818776663
the genome of borrelia recurrentis, the agent of deadly louse-borne relapsing fever, is a degraded subset of tick-borne borrelia duttonii.in an effort to understand how a tick-borne pathogen adapts to the body louse, we sequenced and compared the genomes of the recurrent fever agents borrelia recurrentis and b. duttonii. the 1,242,163-1,574,910-bp fragmented genomes of b. recurrentis and b. duttonii contain a unique 23-kb linear plasmid. this linear plasmid exhibits a large polyt track within the promoter region of an intact variable large protein gene and a telomere resolvase that is unique to borrelia. the genome content is char ...200818787695
composition of supra- and subgingival biofilm of subjects with healthy and diseased implants.the purpose of this study was to compare the microbial composition of supra- and subgingival biofilm in subjects with and without peri-implantitis.200818828812
the chronicles of porphyromonas gingivalis: the microbium, the human oral epithelium and their interplay.the microbiota of the human oral mucosa consists of a myriad of bacterial species that normally exist in commensal harmony with the host. porphyromonas gingivalis, an aetiological agent in severe forms of periodontitis (a chronic inflammatory disease), is a prominent component of the oral microbiome and a successful colonizer of the oral epithelium. this gram-negative anaerobe can also exist within the host epithelium without the existence of overt disease. gingival epithelial cells, the outer l ...200818832296
binding of complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein contributes to serum resistance of porphyromonas gingivalis.the periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis is highly resistant to the bactericidal activity of human complement, which is present in the gingival crevicular fluid at 70% of serum concentration. all thirteen clinical and laboratory p. gingivalis strains tested were able to capture the human complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein (c4bp), which may contribute to their serum resistance. accordingly, in serum deficient of c4bp, it was found that significantly more terminal complement compone ...200818832711
periodontal bacterial profiles in pregnant women: response to treatment and associations with birth outcomes in the obstetrics and periodontal therapy (opt) study.a recent clinical trial (obstetrics and periodontal therapy [opt] study) demonstrated that periodontal therapy during pregnancy improved periodontal outcomes but failed to impact preterm birth. the present study evaluated seven target bacteria, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, tannerella forsythia (previously t. forsythensis), prevotella intermedia, campylobacter rectus, and fusobacterium nucle ...200818834241
analysis of a growth-phase-regulated two-component regulatory system in the periodontal pathogen treponema denticola.nothing is currently known regarding the global regulatory networks of treponema denticola and other oral spirochetes. in this report, we assess the properties and potential phosphotransfer capability of a putative two-component regulatory system (tcs) of t. denticola that is formed by the products of open reading frames tde0032 (a sensor kinase) and tde0033 (a response regulator), henceforth designated atcs and atcr, respectively. using pcr and dna sequence analyses, atcs and atcr were demonstr ...200818621891
analysis of proteinase-activated receptor 2 and tlr4 signal transduction: a novel paradigm for receptor cooperativity.proteinase-activated receptor 2 (par2), a seven-transmembrane g protein-coupled receptor, is activated at inflammatory sites by proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular n terminus by trypsin-like enzymes, exposing a tethered, receptor-activating ligand. synthetic agonist peptides (ap) that share the tethered ligand sequence also activate par2, often measured by ca2+ release. par2 contributes to inflammation through activation of nf-kappab-regulated genes; however, the mechanism by which this oc ...200818622013
microorganisms in root canal-treated teeth from a german population.posttreatment apical periodontitis is usually associated with persistent or secondary intraradicular infection. this study evaluated the presence and relative levels of 28 bacterial taxa in treated root canals of teeth with posttreatment apical periodontitis from german patients using 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene probes in a reverse-capture checkerboard hybridization assay. species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was also performed to detect enterococcus faecalis and candida albicans. ...200818634922
cdp-alcohol hydrolase, a very efficient activity of the 5'-nucleotidase/udp-sugar hydrolase encoded by the usha gene of yersinia intermedia and escherichia coli.nucleoside 5'-diphosphate-x hydrolases are interesting enzymes to study due to their varied activities and structure-function relationships and the roles they play in the disposal, assimilation, and modulation of the effects of their substrates. few of these enzymes with a preference for cdp-alcohols are known. in yersinia intermedia suspensions prepared from cultures on columbia agar with 5% sheep blood, we found a cdp-alcohol hydrolase liberated to triton x-100-containing medium. growth at 25 ...200818641143
treatment outcomes of dental flossing in twins: molecular analysis of the interproximal microflora.the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of dental flossing on the microbial composition of interproximal plaque samples in matched twins.200818672992
development of a transposon mutagenesis system in the oral spirochete treponema denticola.here, we report successful transposon mutagenesis in the oral spirochete treponema denticola. a modified himar1 transposon, including a new antibiotic selection cassette for t. denticola, generated mutations affecting cell division, transport, and chemotaxis, among other processes. this random mutagenesis system should facilitate research on the biology and pathogenesis of this spirochete, which is associated with human periodontal diseases.200818723655
clinical and microbiological benefits of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo-controlled study.the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing (srp) alone or combined with metronidazole (mtz) or with mtz and amoxicillin (amx) in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis.200818727657
treponema denticola tror is a manganese- and iron-dependent transcriptional repressor.treponema denticola harbours a genetic locus with significant homology to most of the previously characterized treponema pallidum tro operon. within this locus are five genes (troabcdr) encoding for the components of an atp-binding cassette cation-transport system (troabcd) and a dtxr-like transcriptional regulator (tror). in addition, a sigma(70)-like promoter and an 18 bp region of dyad symmetry were identified upstream of the troa start codon. this putative operator sequence demonstrated simi ...200818761626
importance of tlr2 in early innate immune response to acute pulmonary infection with porphyromonas gingivalis in mice.the periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis is implicated in certain systemic diseases including atherosclerosis and aspiration pneumonia. this organism induces innate responses predominantly through tlr2, which also mediates its ability to induce experimental periodontitis and accelerate atherosclerosis. using a validated mouse model of intratracheal challenge, we investigated the role of tlr2 in the control of p. gingivalis acute pulmonary infection. tlr2-deficient mice elicited reduced ...200818768871
complete genome sequence of treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum strain ss14 determined with oligonucleotide arrays.syphilis spirochete treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum remains the enigmatic pathogen, since no virulence factors have been identified and the pathogenesis of the disease is poorly understood. increasing rates of new syphilis cases per year have been observed recently.200818482458
a 52-kda leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.the metabolism of glutathione by the periodontal pathogen treponema denticola produces hydrogen sulfide, which may play a role in the host tissue destruction seen in periodontitis. h2s production in this organism has been proposed to occur via a three enzyme pathway, gamma-glutamyltransferase, cysteinylglycinase (cgase), and cystalysin. in this study, we describe the purification and characterization of t. denticola cgase. standard approaches were used to purify a 52-kda cgase activity from t. d ...200818482986
implication of an outer surface lipoprotein in adhesion of bifidobacterium bifidum to caco-2 cells.we found that the human intestinal isolate bifidobacterium bifidum mimbb75 strongly adhered to caco-2 cells. proteinase k and lithium chloride treatments showed that proteins play a key role in mimbb75 adhesion to caco-2 cells. by studying the cell wall-associated proteins, we identified a surface protein, which we labeled bopa. we purified the protein chromatographically and found that it functioned as an adhesion promoter on caco-2 cells. in silico analysis of the gene coding for this protein ...200818539800
an interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) single-nucleotide polymorphism at position 3954 and red complex periodontopathogens independently and additively modulate the levels of il-1beta in diseased periodontal tissues.inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. a high individual variation in the levels of il-1beta mrna has been verified, which is possibly determined by genetic polymorphisms and/or by the presence of periodontopathogens such as porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, treponema denticola, and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. in this study, we investigated the role of an il-1beta promoter single-nucleotide po ...200818541658
invasive differences among porphyromonas gingivalis strains from healthy and diseased periodontal sites.the purpose of this study was to determine any difference between porphyromonas gingivalis isolates from periodontally healthy sites as compared to those from diseased sites with respect to the ability to invade host cells.200818544120
pcr-based identification of selected pathogens associated with endodontic infections in deciduous and permanent teeth.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the selected pathogens in samples from deciduous and permanent tooth root canals by using pcr method and to determine the association of these organisms with clinical symptoms.200818547832
genetic analysis of spirochete flagellin proteins and their involvement in motility, filament assembly, and flagellar morphology.the filaments of spirochete periplasmic flagella (pfs) have a unique structure and protein composition. in most spirochetes, the pfs consist of a core of at least three related proteins (flab1, flab2, and flab3) and a sheath of flaa protein. the functions of these filament proteins remain unknown. in this study, we used a multidisciplinary approach to examine the role of these proteins in determining the composition, shape, and stiffness of the pfs and how these proteins impact motility by using ...200818556797
[relationship between herpesviruses and periodontal pathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque].to evaluate the prevalence rates of human cytomegalovirus(hcmv) and epstein-barr virus-1(ebv-1) in subgingival plaque and analyze the relationship between herpesviruses, periodontal pathogenic bacteria and periodontal clinical parameters in chinese patients with aggressive periodontitis(agp).200818560463
evidence of multiple treponema phylotypes involved in bovine digital dermatitis as shown by 16s rrna gene analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization.the etiopathogenesis of the skin disease digital dermatitis (dd), an important cause of lameness in cattle, remains uncertain. microscopically, the disease appears to be polymicrobial, with spirochetes as the predominant bacteria. the objective of this study was to identify the main part of the bacteria involved in dd lesions of cattle by using culture-independent molecular methods. ten different phylotypes of treponema were identified either by 16s rrna gene sequencing of bacteria from dd lesio ...200818562583
rapid and simple detection of eight major periodontal pathogens by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was applied to develop a rapid and simple detection system for eight periodontal pathogens: aggregatibacter (actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, campylobacter rectus, eikenella corrodens, fusobacterium nucleatum, porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia. primers were designed from the 16s ribosomal rna gene for each pathogen, and the lamp amplified the targets specifically and efficiently under ...200818565108
differential gender effects of a reduced-calorie diet on systemic inflammatory and immune parameters in nonhuman primates.dietary manipulation, including caloric restriction, has been shown to impact host response capabilities significantly, particularly in association with aging. this investigation compared systemic inflammatory and immune-response molecules in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta).200818565132
distribution of 10 periodontal bacterial species in children and adolescents over a 7-year period.there is scant information available regarding the distribution of periodontal bacterial species in children and adolescents over an extended period. the purpose of this study was to compare bacterial profiles in the same individuals over a period of 7 years.200818565147
a porphyromonas gingivalis tyrosine phosphatase is a multifunctional regulator of virulence attributes.low molecular weight tyrosine phosphatases (lmwtp) are widespread in prokaryotes; however, understanding of the signalling cascades controlled by these enzymes is still emerging. porphyromonas gingivalis, an opportunistic oral pathogen, expresses a lmwtp, ltp1, that is differentially regulated in biofilm communities. here we characterize the enzymatic activity of ltp1 and, through the use of mutants that lack ltp1 or expresses catalytically defective ltp1, show that tyrosine phosphatase activity ...200818573179
analysis of neutrophil-derived antimicrobial peptides in gingival crevicular fluid suggests importance of cathelicidin ll-37 in the innate immune response against periodontogenic bacteria.during periodontitis, an innate immune response to bacterial challenge is primarily mediated by neutrophils. we compared neutrophilic content and the level of neutrophil-derived antimicrobial peptides in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) in two clinical forms of severe periodontitis.200818582333
relationship of porphyromonas gingivalis with glycemic level in patients with type 2 diabetes following periodontal treatment.the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum glycemic levels and subgingival microbial profile alteration following periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.200818582336
periodontal status of patients with dentin dysplasia type i: report of three cases within a family.dentin dysplasia type i (ddi) is a rare hereditary disturbance of dentin formation. it is characterized by clinically normal-appearing crowns; obliteration of pulp chambers; and short, blunted and malformed roots that are commonly associated with periodontal attachment loss (pal). in this context, we report three cases within a family with similar clinical and radiographic features of ddi but with differing microbiologic and periodontal conditions.200818597615
borrelia burgdorferi vlse antigenic variation is not mediated by reca.reca is a key protein linking genetic recombination to dna replication and repair in bacteria. previous functional characterization of borrelia burgdorferi reca indicated that the protein is mainly involved in genetic recombination rather than dna repair. genetic recombination may play a role in b. burgdorferi persistence by generation of antigenic variation. we report here the isolation of a reca null mutant in an infectious b. burgdorferi strain. comparison of the in vitro growth characteristi ...200818606826
native cellular architecture of treponema denticola revealed by cryo-electron tomography.using cryo-electron tomography, we are developing a refined description of native cellular structures in the pathogenic spirochete treponema denticola. tightly organized bundles of periplasmic flagella were readily observed in intact plunge-frozen cells. the periplasmic space was measured in both wild-type and aflagellate strains, and found to widen by less than the diameter of flagella when the latter are present. this suggests that a structural change occurs in the peptidoglycan layer to accom ...200818468917
a genome-wide proteome array reveals a limited set of immunogens in natural infections of humans and white-footed mice with borrelia burgdorferi.humans and other animals with lyme borreliosis produce antibodies to a number of components of the agent borrelia burgdorferi, but a full accounting of the immunogens during natural infections has not been achieved. employing a protein array produced in vitro from 1,292 dna fragments representing approximately 80% of the genome, we compared the antibody reactivities of sera from patients with early or later lyme borreliosis to the antibody reactivities of sera from controls. overall, approximate ...200818474646
interaction of porphyromonas gingivalis with oral streptococci requires a motif that resembles the eukaryotic nuclear receptor box protein-protein interaction domain.porphyromonas gingivalis initially colonizes the oral cavity by interacting with organisms in supragingival plaque, such as the oralis group of oral streptococci. this interaction involves the association of the streptococcal antigen i/ii with the minor fimbrial antigen (mfa1) of p. gingivalis. our previous studies showed that a peptide (bar) derived from antigen i/ii inhibits p. gingivalis adherence and subsequent biofilm formation on streptococcal substrates. in addition, screening a combinato ...200818474648
the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus evades the host complement system.the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus causes severe systemic infections and is a major cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. a. fumigatus conidia activate the alternative pathway of the complement system. in order to assess the mechanisms by which a. fumigatus evades the activated complement system, we analyzed the binding of host complement regulators to a. fumigatus. the binding of factor h and factor h-like protein 1 (fhl-1) from human sera to a. ...200818039838
the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus evades the host complement system.the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus causes severe systemic infections and is a major cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. a. fumigatus conidia activate the alternative pathway of the complement system. in order to assess the mechanisms by which a. fumigatus evades the activated complement system, we analyzed the binding of host complement regulators to a. fumigatus. the binding of factor h and factor h-like protein 1 (fhl-1) from human sera to a. ...200818039838
resistance of porphyromonas gingivalis atcc 33277 to direct killing by antimicrobial peptides is protease independent.antimicrobial peptides are short, positively charged, amphipathic peptides that possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and have an important role in the host's innate immunity. lack of, or dysfunctions in, antimicrobial peptides have been correlated with infectious diseases, including periodontitis. porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe and a major pathogen associated with periodontal diseases, is resistant to antimicrobial peptides of human and nonhuman origin, a feature ...200818086848
resistance of porphyromonas gingivalis atcc 33277 to direct killing by antimicrobial peptides is protease independent.antimicrobial peptides are short, positively charged, amphipathic peptides that possess a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and have an important role in the host's innate immunity. lack of, or dysfunctions in, antimicrobial peptides have been correlated with infectious diseases, including periodontitis. porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe and a major pathogen associated with periodontal diseases, is resistant to antimicrobial peptides of human and nonhuman origin, a feature ...200818086848
antibody levels to single bacteria or in combination evaluated against myocardial infarction.evidence is accumulating that oral bacteria are associated with myocardial infarctions (mi). we were interested in studying the differences in the association between single bacteria or bacteria in combination and the relation to c-reactive protein (crp).200818410396
genome-wide subcellular localization of putative outer membrane and extracellular proteins in leptospira interrogans serovar lai genome using bioinformatics approaches.in bacterial pathogens, both cell surface-exposed outer membrane proteins and proteins secreted into the extracellular environment play crucial roles in host-pathogen interaction and pathogenesis. considerable efforts have been made to identify outer membrane (om) and extracellular (ex) proteins produced by leptospira interrogans, which may be used as novel targets for the development of infection markers and leptospirosis vaccines.200818423054
microbial analysis of canals of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions using polymerase chain reaction.the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of nine bacterial species in root-filled teeth associated with periapical lesions using a polymerase chain reaction analysis and to correlate these species with clinical features of the cases. dna was extracted from 45 canal samples of root-filled teeth with periapical lesions. a pcr assay using species-specific primers of 16s rdna and the downstream intergenic spacer region was used for microbial detection. enterococcus faecalis ...200818436030
the prevalence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva is linked to periodontal health status and oral malodour.this study investigated whether an improvement in periodontal health resulted in changes in the prevalence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva and tongue coatings and a reduction in volatile sulfur compounds (vscs: h(2)s and ch(3)sh) linked to oral malodour. the subjects were 35 patients who visited the breath odour clinic of kyushu dental college, japan. their mean age was 51.2+/-18.3 years (mean+/-sd). a clinical examination performed at baseline and 2 months after periodontal treatment ...200818436598
detection of treponema denticola in root canal systems in primary and secondary endodontic infections. a correlation with clinical symptoms.the aim of the study was to investigate the presence of treponema denticola in primary and secondary root-infected canal systems with periapical pathology and correlations with clinical signs and symptoms.200818437843
a variable gene in a conserved region of the helicobacter pylori genome: isotopic gene replacement or rapid evolution?the present study concerns the identification of a novel coding sequence in a region of the helicobacter pylori genome, located between jhp1069/hp1141 and jhp1071/hp1143 according to the numbering of the j99 and 26,695 reference strains, respectively, and spanning three different coding dna sequences (cdss). the cdss located at the centre of this locus were highly polymorphic, as determined by the analysis of 24 european isolates, 3 asian, and 3 african isolates. phylogenetic and molecular evolu ...200818442984
comparative analysis of putative periodontopathic bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been applied for the rapid and specific detection of periodontopathic bacteria in subgingival plaque and is potentially of clinical benefit in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis subjects. however, several technical points need to be modified before the conventional pcr detection system can be used by clinicians.200818447853
effects of age and oral disease on systemic inflammatory and immune parameters in nonhuman primates.this report evaluated systemic inflammatory and immune biomarkers in a cohort of macaca mulatta (rhesus monkeys) maintained as a large family social unit, including an age range from <1 year to >24 years. we hypothesized that the systemic host responses would be affected by the age, gender, and clinical oral presentation of the population, each contributing to inflammatory and immune responses that would reflect chronic oral infections. the results demonstrated that the prevalence and severity o ...200818448617
ability of oral bacteria to induce tissue-destructive molecules from human neutrophils.the induction of tissue-destructive molecules from neutrophils by periodontopathic bacteria has been suggested as one of the mechanisms of periodontal destruction. the aim of this study was to determine whether the ability to stimulate neutrophils is an authentic characteristic of periodontopathic bacteria.200818449962
reca mediated spontaneous deletions of the icaadbc operon of clinical staphylococcus epidermidis isolates: a new mechanism of phenotypic variations.phenotypic variation of staphylococcus epidermidis involving the slime related ica operon results in heterogeneity in surface characteristics of individual bacteria in axenic cultures. five clinical s. epidermidis isolates demonstrated phenotypic variation, i.e. both black and red colonies on congo red agar. black colonies displayed bi-modal electrophoretic mobility distributions at ph 2, but such phenotypic variation was absent in red colonies of the same strain as well as in control strains wi ...200818454346
factors and selenocysteine insertion sequence requirements for the synthesis of selenoproteins from a gram-positive anaerobe in escherichia coli.selenoprotein synthesis in escherichia coli strictly depends on the presence of a specific selenocysteine insertion sequence (secis) following the selenocysteine-encoding uga codon of the respective mrna. it is recognized by the selenocysteine-specific elongation factor selb, leading to cotranslational insertion of selenocysteine into the nascent polypeptide chain. the synthesis of three different selenoproteins from the gram-positive anaerobe eubacterium acidaminophilum in e. coli was studied. ...200818165360
degradation of complement 3 by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin b inhibits complement activation and neutrophil opsonophagocytosis.streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin b (spe b), a cysteine protease, is an important virulence factor in group a streptococcus (gas) infection. the inhibition of phagocytic activity by spe b may help prevent bacteria from being ingested. in this study, we examined the mechanism spe b uses to enable bacteria to resist opsonophagocytosis. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that spe b-treated serum impaired the activation of the classical, the lectin, and the alternative complement pa ...200818174338
borrelia burgdorferi uniquely regulates its motility genes and has an intricate flagellar hook-basal body structure.borrelia burgdorferi is a flat-wave, motile spirochete that causes lyme disease. motility is provided by periplasmic flagella (pfs) located between the cell cylinder and an outer membrane sheath. the structure of these pfs, which are composed of a basal body, a hook, and a filament, is similar to the structure of flagella of other bacteria. to determine if hook formation influences flagellin gene transcription in b. burgdorferi, we inactivated the hook structural gene flge by targeted mutagenesi ...200818192386
phylogenetic characterization and prevalence of "spirobacillus cienkowskii," a red-pigmented, spiral-shaped bacterial pathogen of freshwater daphnia species.microscopic examination of the hemolymph from diseased daphniids in 17 lakes in southwestern michigan and five rock pools in southern finland revealed the presence of tightly coiled bacteria that bore striking similarities to the drawings of a morphologically unique pathogen, "spirobacillus cienkowskii," first described by elya metchnikoff more than 100 years ago. the uncultivated microbe was identified as a deeply branching member of the deltaproteobacteria through phylogenetic analyses of two ...200818192404
the use of rodent models to investigate host-bacteria interactions related to periodontal diseases.even though animal models have limitations, they are often superior to in vitro or clinical studies in addressing mechanistic questions and serve as an essential link between hypotheses and human patients. periodontal disease can be viewed as a process that involves four major stages: bacterial colonization, invasion, induction of a destructive host response in connective tissue and a repair process that reduces the extent of tissue breakdown. animal studies should be evaluated in terms of their ...200818199146
the genome of pelotomaculum thermopropionicum reveals niche-associated evolution in anaerobic microbiota.the anaerobic biodegradation of organic matter is accomplished by sequential syntrophic catabolism by microbes in different niches. pelotomaculum thermopropionicum is a representative syntrophic bacterium that catalyzes the intermediate bottleneck step in the anaerobic-biodegradation process, whereby volatile fatty acids (vfas) and alcohols produced by upstream fermenting bacteria are converted to acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide (substrates for downstream methanogenic archaea). to reveal g ...200818218977
three unique groups of spirochetes isolated from digital dermatitis lesions in uk cattle.bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) is a severe infectious cause of lameness which has spread through dairy cattle populations worldwide, causing serious welfare and agricultural problems. spirochetes are the main organisms implicated and have previously proven difficult to isolate. this study aimed to isolate and characterise the range of spirochetes associated with bdd in the uk. twenty-three spirochete isolates were obtained from 30 bdd lesions, which by 16s rrna gene and flab2 gene analysis clus ...200818243592
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