Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| erythema nodosum and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in childhood: further observations in two patients and a literature review. | erythema nodosum (en) is the most frequent panniculitis in childhood and has been associated with various conditions, such as infectious and autoimmune disorders, medications, and malignancies. the author reports on two children affected with en associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, which occurred in one patient without pulmonary detection. the available literature on en and m. pneumoniae infection in childhood is also reviewed. | 2015 | 25699127 |
| the role of wildlife in the transmission of parasitic zoonoses in peri-urban and urban areas. | during the last 100 years in many countries of the world, there have been dramatic changes in natural/rural landscapes due to urbanization. since many wildlife species are unable to adapt to these alterations in their environment, urbanization is commonly responsible for a decline of biodiversity in areas of urban development. in contrast, some wild animal species are attracted to peri-urban and urban habitats due to the availability of an abundant food supply and the presence of structures in w ... | 2015 | 25830108 |
| analysis of the outer membrane proteome and secretome of bacteroides fragilis reveals a multiplicity of secretion mechanisms. | bacteroides fragilis is a widely distributed member of the human gut microbiome and an opportunistic pathogen. cell surface molecules produced by this organism likely play important roles in colonization, communication with other microbes, and pathogenicity, but the protein composition of the outer membrane (om) and the mechanisms used to transport polypeptides into the extracellular space are poorly characterized. here we used lc-ms/ms to analyze the om proteome and secretome of b. fragilis nct ... | 2015 | 25658944 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks from eastern china. | to explore the tick distribution and prevalence of borrelia in zhejiang province, we performed a survey in nine sites. a total of 447 adult ticks of 11 species were captured and the dominant tick species were haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes sinensis and the abundance of tick species in different areas varied significantly. overall, 4.70% of the ticks were polymerase chain reaction (pcr) positive for borrelia. the average pcr positive rates were 5.19% for h. longicornis, 3.45% for amblyomma ... | 2015 | 25548382 |
| exploring the existence of lipid rafts in bacteria. | an interesting concept in the organization of cellular membranes is the proposed existence of lipid rafts. membranes of eukaryotic cells organize signal transduction proteins into membrane rafts or lipid rafts that are enriched in particular lipids such as cholesterol and are important for the correct functionality of diverse cellular processes. the assembly of lipid rafts in eukaryotes has been considered a fundamental step during the evolution of cellular complexity, suggesting that bacteria a ... | 2015 | 25652542 |
| guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in europe. | canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are important tick-borne diseases with a worldwide distribution. information has been continuously collected on these infections in europe, and publications have increased in recent years. prevalence rates are high for ehrlichia and anaplasma spp. infections in dogs from different european countries. the goal of this article was to provide a practical guideline for veterinary practitioners on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ehrlichiosis and anapla ... | 2015 | 25649069 |
| health care costs, utilization and patterns of care following lyme disease. | lyme disease is the most frequently reported vector borne infection in the united states. the centers for disease control have estimated that approximately 10% to 20% of individuals may experience post-treatment lyme disease syndrome - a set of symptoms including fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and neurocognitive complaints that persist after initial antibiotic treatment of lyme disease. little is known about the impact of lyme disease or post-treatment lyme disease symptoms (ptlds) on health car ... | 2015 | 25650808 |
| extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the lung: evolution from an underlying reactive lymphoproliferative disorder. | extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (enmzl) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) is a problematic and sometimes controversial diagnosis. while commonly seen in the stomach in the setting of chronic helicobacter pylori infection, other extranodal sites, such as the lung, may also present with disease. enmzl is clinically and morphologically heterogeneous; however, regardless of presentation, the etiology lies in the accumulation of lymphoid tissue in non-traditional sites. this phenomenon is ... | 2015 | 26457231 |
| a novel pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent 2-keto-d-glucose dehydrogenase from pseudomonas aureofaciens. | a gene encoding an enzyme similar to a pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq)-dependent sugar dehydrogenase from filamentous fungi, which belongs to new auxiliary activities (aa) family 12 in the cazy database, was cloned from pseudomonas aureofaciens. the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned enzyme showed only low homology to previously characterized pqq-dependent enzymes, and multiple-sequence alignment analysis showed that the enzyme lacks one of the three conserved arginine residues that functi ... | 2015 | 25645559 |
| investigations on cxcl13 in anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a potential biomarker of treatment response. | anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (nmdar) encephalitis is a severe but treatable autoimmune encephalitis affecting mainly young adults and children. the lack of suitable biomarkers of disease activity makes treatment decisions and identification of relapses challenging. | 2015 | 25436993 |
| the contemporary management of urethral strictures in men resulting from lichen sclerosus. | lichen sclerosus (ls) is a chronic, inflammatory disease primarily involving the genital skin and urethra in males. historically, the treatment of this common condition was a challenge due to its uncertain etiology, variable response to therapy, and predilection to recur. the etiology of ls is still debated and has been linked to autoimmune disease, infection, trauma, and genetics. today, topical steroids are a mainstay of therapy for patients, even in the presence of advanced disease, and can i ... | 2015 | 26816805 |
| five youth with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome of differing etiologies. | pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (pans) is diagnosed by the abrupt onset of new obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) or food-restricting symptoms, and at least two of a variety of other neuropsychiatric symptoms. detailed clinical presentation of youth with this condition has not yet been provided in the literature. | 2015 | 25695942 |
| update on persistent symptoms associated with lyme disease. | lyme disease, caused by borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne illness in the united states. the pathogenesis, ecology, and epidemiology of lyme disease have been well described, and antimicrobial treatment is very effective. there has been controversy about whether infection can persist and cause chronic symptoms despite treatment with antimicrobials. this review summarizes recent studies that have addressed this issue. | 2015 | 25490690 |
| comparison of detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna and anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patients with erythema migrans in north-eastern poland. | diagnostic methods in erythema migrans are still not standardized. | 2015 | 25821421 |
| clinical evaluation of youth with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (pans): recommendations from the 2013 pans consensus conference. | on may 23 and 24, 2013, the first pans consensus conference was convened at stanford university, calling together a geographically diverse group of clinicians and researchers from complementary fields of pediatrics: general and developmental pediatrics, infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, neurology, and child psychiatry. participants were academicians with clinical and research interests in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcus (pandas) in youth, ... | 2015 | 25325534 |
| characterization of the pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome phenotype. | pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (pans) is a subtype of obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) marked by an abrupt onset or exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. we aim to characterize the phenotypic presentation of youth with pans. | 2015 | 25314221 |
| novel candidatus rickettsia species detected in nostril tick from human, gabon, 2014. | we report the identification of a nymphal nostril tick (amblyomma sp.) from a national park visitor in gabon and subsequent molecular detection and characterization of tickborne bacteria. our findings provide evidence of a potentially new rickettsia sp. circulating in africa and indicate that tick bites may pose a risk to persons visiting parks in the region. | 2015 | 25625886 |
| potentially novel ehrlichia species in horses, nicaragua. | ehrlichia sp. dna was amplified from 4 ehrlichia-seroreactive horses from mérida, nicaragua. sequencing of 16s rdna, sodb, and groel genes indicated that the bacterium is most likely a novel ehrlichia species. the tick vector and the potential for canine and human infection remain unknown. | 2015 | 25625228 |
| the bba33 lipoprotein binds collagen and impacts borrelia burgdorferi pathogenesis. | borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, adapts to the mammalian hosts by differentially expressing several genes in the bosr and rrp2-rpon-rpos dependent pathways, resulting in a distinct protein profile relative to that seen for survival in the ixodes spp. tick. previous studies indicate that a putative lipoprotein, bba33, is produced in an rpos-dependent manner under conditions that mimic the mammalian component of the borrelial lifecycle. however, the significance and funct ... | 2015 | 25560615 |
| complex population structure of borrelia burgdorferi in southeastern and south central canada as revealed by phylogeographic analysis. | lyme disease, caused by the bacterium borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is an emerging zoonotic disease in canada and is vectored by the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis. here we used bayesian analyses of sequence types (sts), determined by multilocus sequence typing (mlst), to investigate the phylogeography of b. burgdorferi populations in southern canada and the united states by analyzing mlst data from 564 b. burgdorferi-positive samples collected during surveillance. a total of 107 cana ... | 2015 | 25501480 |
| complement system in dermatological diseases - fire under the skin. | the complement system plays a key role in several dermatological diseases. overactivation, deficiency, or abnormality of the control proteins are often related to a skin disease. autoimmune mechanisms with autoantibodies and a cytotoxic effect of the complement membrane attack complex on epidermal or vascular cells can cause direct tissue damage and inflammation, e.g., in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), phospholipid antibody syndrome, and bullous skin diseases like pemphigoid. by evading com ... | 2015 | 25688346 |
| acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. | two blinded, controlled laboratory studies were conducted to assess the acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin (frontline tri-act/frontect) against two tick species. study a evaluated the efficacy of the product against both ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus and study b evaluated the efficacy against r. sanguineus only. | 2015 | 25622698 |
| glycosaminoglycan binding by borrelia burgdorferi adhesin bbk32 specifically and uniquely promotes joint colonization. | microbial pathogens that colonize multiple tissues commonly produce adhesive surface proteins that mediate attachment to cells and/or extracellular matrix in target organs. many of these 'adhesins' bind to multiple ligands, complicating efforts to understand the role of each ligand-binding activity. borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, produces bbk32, first identified as a fibronectin-binding adhesin that promotes skin and joint colonization. bbk32 also binds to glycosamino ... | 2015 | 25486989 |
| investigation of tick-borne bacteria (rickettsia spp., anaplasma spp., ehrlichia spp. and borrelia spp.) in ticks collected from andean tapirs, cattle and vegetation from a protected area in ecuador. | ixodid ticks play an important role in the transmission and ecology of infectious diseases. information about the circulation of tick-borne bacteria in ticks is lacking in ecuador. our aims were to investigate the tick species that parasitize andean tapirs and cattle, and those present in the vegetation from the buffer zone of the antisana ecological reserve and cayambe-coca national park (ecuador), and to investigate the presence of tick-borne bacteria. | 2015 | 25616567 |
| structural analysis of dna binding by c.csp231i, a member of a novel class of r-m controller proteins regulating gene expression. | in a wide variety of bacterial restriction-modification systems, a regulatory `controller' protein (or c-protein) is required for effective transcription of its own gene and for transcription of the endonuclease gene found on the same operon. we have recently turned our attention to a new class of controller proteins (exemplified by c.csp231i) that have quite novel features, including a much larger dna-binding site with an 18 bp (∼60 å) spacer between the two palindromic dna-binding sequences an ... | 2015 | 25664751 |
| γδ t cells and dendritic cells in refractory lyme arthritis. | lyme disease is a multisystem infection transmitted by tick vectors with an incidence of up to 300,000 individuals/yr in the united states. the primary treatments are oral or i.v. antibiotics. despite treatment, some individuals do not recover and have prolonged symptoms affecting multiple organs, including the nervous system and connective tissues. inflammatory arthritis is a common symptom associated with lyme pathology. in the past decades, γδ t cells have emerged as candidates that contribut ... | 2015 | 25605869 |
| recognition of bacterial signal peptides by mammalian formyl peptide receptors: a new mechanism for sensing pathogens. | formyl peptide receptors (fprs) are g-protein-coupled receptors that function as chemoattractant receptors in innate immune responses. here we perform systematic structure-function analyses of fprs from six mammalian species using structurally diverse fpr peptide agonists and identify a common set of conserved agonist properties with typical features of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. guided by these results, we discover that bacterial signal peptides, normally used to translocate protei ... | 2015 | 25605714 |
| apparent role for borrelia burgdorferi luxs during mammalian infection. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, controls protein expression patterns during its tick-mammal infection cycle. earlier studies demonstrated that b. burgdorferi synthesizes 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (autoinducer-2 [ai-2]) and responds to ai-2 by measurably changing production of several infection-associated proteins. luxs mutants, which are unable to produce ai-2, exhibit altered production of several proteins. b. burgdorferi cannot utilize the other product of luxs, homocys ... | 2015 | 25605770 |
| allosteric regulation of lactobacillus plantarum xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (xfp). | xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (xfp), which catalyzes the conversion of xylulose 5-phosphate (x5p) or fructose 6-phosphate (f6p) to acetyl phosphate, plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism in a number of bacteria. recently, we demonstrated that the fungal cryptococcus neoformans xfp2 exhibits both substrate cooperativity for all substrates (x5p, f6p, and pi) and allosteric regulation in the forms of inhibition by phosphoenolpyruvate (pep), oxaloacetic acid (oaa), ... | 2015 | 25605308 |
| a three-generation family with idiopathic facial palsy suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance with high penetrance. | idiopathic facial palsy (ifp), also known as bell's palsy, is a common neurologic disorder, but recurrent and familial forms are rare. this case series presents a three-generation family with idiopathic facial palsy. the mode of inheritance of ifp has previously been suggested as autosomal dominant with low or variable penetrance, but the present family indicates an autosomal dominant trait with high or complete penetrance. chromosome microarray studies did not reveal a pathogenic copy number va ... | 2015 | 25685580 |
| a case of a laryngeal malt lymphoma in a patient with a history of gastric malt. | we are reporting a case of a 62-year-old african american woman with a history of gastric malt lymphoma successfully treated with radiation who presented with a laryngeal malt lymphoma 4 years after her original diagnosis. she received definitive radiation with a complete response. the case presented is unique for the rare presentation of a malt lymphoma in the larynx, especially in light of the patient's previously treated gastric malt lymphoma years ago. | 2015 | 25664189 |
| manganese and microbial pathogenesis: sequestration by the mammalian immune system and utilization by microorganisms. | bacterial and fungal pathogens cause a variety of infectious diseases and constitute a significant threat to public health. the human innate immune system represents the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes and employs a range of chemical artillery to combat these invaders. one important mechanism of innate immunity is the sequestration of metal ions that are essential nutrients. manganese is one nutrient that is required for many pathogens to establish an infective lifestyle. this ... | 2015 | 25594606 |
| synanthropic rodents and their ectoparasites as carriers of a novel haemoplasma and vector-borne, zoonotic pathogens indoors. | despite their close association with human dwellings, the role of synanthropic rodents in the epidemiology of vector-borne infections is seldom studied. the aim of the present study was to compensate for this lack of information, by the molecular investigation of vector-borne bacteria in peridomestic rodents and their ectoparasites. | 2015 | 25589174 |
| tick-borne pathogens and the vector potential of ticks in china. | ticks, as obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites, attack a broad range of vertebrates and transmit a great diversity of pathogenic microorganisms. they are considered second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human disease, and the most important vector of pathogens of domestic and wild animals. of the 117 described species in the chinese tick fauna, 60 are known to transmit one or more diseases: 36 species isolated within china and 24 species isolated outside china. moreover, 38 of these species ca ... | 2015 | 25586007 |
| the rig-i-like helicase receptor mda5 (ifih1) is involved in the host defense against candida infections. | the induction of host defense against candida species is initiated by recognition of the fungi by pattern recognition receptors and activation of downstream pathways that produce inflammatory mediators essential for infection clearance. in this study, we present complementary evidence based on transcriptome analysis, genetics, and immunological studies in knockout mice and humans that the cytosolic rig-i-like receptor mda5 (ifih1) has an important role in the host defense against c. albicans. fi ... | 2015 | 25579795 |
| use of an endogenous plasmid locus for stable in trans complementation in borrelia burgdorferi. | targeted mutagenesis and complementation are important tools for studying genes of unknown function in the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. a standard method of complementation is reintroduction of a wild-type copy of the targeted gene on a shuttle vector. however, shuttle vectors are present at higher copy numbers than b. burgdorferi plasmids and are potentially unstable in the absence of selection, thereby complicating analyses in the mouse-tick infectious cycle. b. burgdorferi ha ... | 2015 | 25452278 |
| an hd-domain phosphodiesterase mediates cooperative hydrolysis of c-di-amp to affect bacterial growth and virulence. | the nucleotide cyclic di-3',5'- adenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp) was recently identified as an essential and widespread second messenger in bacterial signaling. among c-di-amp-producing bacteria, altered nucleotide levels result in several physiological defects and attenuated virulence. thus, a detailed molecular understanding of c-di-amp metabolism is of both fundamental and practical interest. currently, c-di-amp degradation is recognized solely among dhh-dhha1 domain-containing phosphodiest ... | 2015 | 25583510 |
| small-molecule inhibitors of gram-negative lipoprotein trafficking discovered by phenotypic screening. | in gram-negative bacteria, lipoproteins are transported to the outer membrane by the lol system. in this process, lipoproteins are released from the inner membrane by the abc transporter lolcde and passed to lola, a diffusible periplasmic molecular chaperone. lipoproteins are then transferred to the outer membrane receptor protein, lolb, for insertion in the outer membrane. here we describe the discovery and characterization of novel pyridineimidazole compounds that inhibit this process. escheri ... | 2015 | 25583975 |
| visualization of the type iii secretion sorting platform of shigella flexneri. | bacterial type iii secretion machines are widely used to inject virulence proteins into eukaryotic host cells. these secretion machines are evolutionarily related to bacterial flagella and consist of a large cytoplasmic complex, a transmembrane basal body, and an extracellular needle. the cytoplasmic complex forms a sorting platform essential for effector selection and needle assembly, but it remains largely uncharacterized. here we use high-throughput cryoelectron tomography (cryo-et) to visual ... | 2015 | 25583506 |
| outer-inner membrane vesicles naturally secreted by gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. | outer-inner membrane vesicles (o-imvs) were recently described as a new type of membrane vesicle secreted by the antarctic bacterium shewanella vesiculosa m7t. their formation is characterized by the protrusion of both outer and plasma membranes, which pulls cytoplasmic components into the vesicles. to demonstrate that this is not a singular phenomenon in a bacterium occurring in an extreme environment, the identification of o-imvs in pathogenic bacteria was undertaken. with this aim, a structur ... | 2015 | 25581302 |
| comparison of tick feeding success and vector competence for borrelia burgdorferi among immature ixodes scapularis (ixodida: ixodidae) of both southern and northern clades. | northern and southern ixodes scapularis say populations differ greatly in density, host utilization, and especially questing behavior of the immatures. haplotypes of i. scapularis in north america can be divided into two major clades-the all american clade (haplotypes a through j) and the southern clade (m through o). this genetic variation may affect feeding success and vector competence. this study compared feeding success of larval i. scapularis measured by time-to-drop-off and subsequent tra ... | 2015 | 26336283 |
| dna double-strand breaks and telomeres play important roles in trypanosoma brucei antigenic variation. | human-infecting microbial pathogens all face a serious problem of elimination by the host immune response. antigenic variation is an effective immune evasion mechanism where the pathogen regularly switches its major surface antigen. in many cases, the major surface antigen is encoded by genes from the same gene family, and its expression is strictly monoallelic. among pathogens that undergo antigenic variation, trypanosoma brucei (a kinetoplastid), which causes human african trypanosomiasis, pla ... | 2015 | 25576484 |
| sexual differences in the sialomes of the zebra tick, rhipicephalus pulchellus. | ticks rely exclusively on vertebrate blood for their survival. during feeding ticks inject into their hosts a sophisticated salivary potion that overcomes host hemostasis and adverse inflammatory responses. these mediators may also enhance pathogen transmission. knowledge of the tick salivary protein repertoire may lead to vaccine targets to disrupt feeding and/or parasite transmission as well as to the discovery of novel pharmacological agents. male saliva may also assist reproduction because m ... | 2015 | 25576852 |
| the first case of human autochtonous subconjunctival dirofilariosis in poland and malt lymphoma as possible consequence of this parasitosis. | the first case of human dirofilarosis in poland was recorded in 2007. until that time our country was free of dirofilaria repens. recent studies show that 21,4- 60% of dogs in warsaw region harbour microfilariae, therefore it is becoming a growing problem in central europe. in april 2013 a subconjunctival d. repens was removed from the eye of 61-year-old woman. it was the twenty first case of this disease in poland, the third case of eye dirofilaria and the fourth autochtonous case. the patient ... | 2015 | 25589901 |
| borrelial pseudolymphoma of the nose. | a 52-year-old colombian woman, a patient with psoriasis, undergoing phototherapy with (ultraviolet b narrowband) uvbnb, presented with a symptomless solitary diffuse erythaematous plaque on her nose for 3 months. initially, she was treated with pimecrolimus 1% cream for 8 weeks, which was then combined with metronidazole cream for 4 weeks, with the initial diagnosis of uv-triggered rosacea, without improvement. a punch biopsy was performed and the histology showed a pseudolymphomatous reaction. ... | 2015 | 25568264 |
| search for blood or water is influenced by borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus. | an increasing number of studies suggest that vector-borne parasites are able to alter phenotypic traits in their arthropod vectors so that microorganism transmission is enhanced. this review documents this phenomenon, which occurs between borrelia burgdorferi bacteria, the causative agents of lyme borreliosis, and their tick vectors belonging to the ixodes ricinus complex. it also reviews the influence of other tick-borne pathogens on these ticks. ticks belonging to the ixodes ricinus complex be ... | 2015 | 25560984 |
| diagnosis and incidence risk of clinical canine monocytic ehrlichiosis under field conditions in southern europe. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme), due to the bacterium ehrlichia canis and transmitted by the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, is a major tick-borne disease in southern europe. in this area, infections with other vector-borne pathogens (vbp) are also described and result in similar clinical expression. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence risk of clinical cme in those endemic areas and to assess the potential involvement of other vbp in the occurrence of clinical ... | 2015 | 25561342 |
| herniation of uncus and parahippocampal gyrus: an accidental finding on magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrum. | idiopathic herniation of uncus and parahippocampal gyrus into the ambient cistern is a very rare entity, which could be mistaken for other pathology such as tumor. to the best of our knowledge, two prior cases of this kind of herniation have been described. one of these cases was with associated symptomatology and other abnormalities, and the other was characterized as idiopathic. in this case report, we report a case of accidental finding of a herniation of uncus and parahippocampal gyrus into ... | 2015 | 25610616 |
| repeat or persistent lyme disease: persistence, recrudescence or reinfection with borrelia burgdorferi? | whether or not borrelia burgdorferi can persist after conventional treatment with antimicrobials has been a very controversial issue. two recent studies took different approaches to try to answer this question. in one, investigators showed that, in each of 22 instances in 17 patients with two consecutive episodes of culture-proved erythema migrans, the strains of b. burgdorferi were different based on their genotypes. this indicated that the repeat episodes were due to new infections rather than ... | 2015 | 25705394 |
| biparietal variant of alzheimer's disease: a rare presentation of a common disease. | alzheimer's disease (ad) is a clinically heterogeneous disease that may have atypical presentations with focal cortical syndromes and relatively preserved episodic memory. the posterior variant of ad has two subtypes: occipitotemporal, presenting with visuoperceptive impairment, and biparietal, presenting with visuospatial dysfunction and apraxia. we report a case of a 51-year-old woman with progressive limb apraxia and choreiform movements. her neuropsychological evaluation was compatible with ... | 2015 | 25564588 |
| applications of bacillus calmette-guerin and recombinant bacillus calmette-guerin in vaccine development and tumor immunotherapy. | bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccines are attenuated live strains of mycobacterium bovis and are among the most widely used vaccines in the world. bcg is proven to be effective in preventing severe infant meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. intravesical instillation of bcg is also a standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. in the past few decades, recombinant bcg (rbcg) technology had been extensively applied to develop vaccine candidates for a variety of infectious diseases ... | 2015 | 26268434 |
| understanding the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. | an aortic aneurysm is a dilatation in which the aortic diameter is ≥3.0 cm. if left untreated, the aortic wall continues to weaken and becomes unable to withstand the forces of the luminal blood pressure resulting in progressive dilatation and rupture, a catastrophic event associated with a mortality of 50-80%. smoking and positive family history are important risk factors for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (aaa). several genetic risk factors have also been identified. on the hist ... | 2015 | 26308600 |
| role of glycosaminoglycans in infectious disease. | glycosaminoglycans (gags) have been shown to bind to a wide variety of microbial pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi in vitro. gags are thought to promote pathogenesis by facilitating pathogen attachment, invasion, or evasion of host defense mechanisms. however, the role of gags in infectious disease has not been extensively studied in vivo and therefore their pathophysiological significance and functions are largely unknown. here we describe methods to directly investig ... | 2015 | 25325982 |
| acute diffuse and total alopecia of the female scalp associated with borrelia-infection. | a case of acute diffuse and total alopecia of the female scalp associated with borrelia-infection (acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans) is presented. today, acute diffuse and total alopecia of the female scalp is recognized as a distinct variant of alopecia areata (aa) predominantly observed in women. cases of aa have formerly been reported in association with infections. aa is understood to represent an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the hair follicle. it is conceivable that the antigenic ... | 2015 | 25878446 |
| laboratory testing for lyme neuroborreliosis--reply. | 2015 | 25581866 | |
| socs1/3 expression levels in hsv-1-infected, cytokine-polarized and -unpolarized macrophages. | macrophage subtypes are characterized as proinflammatory (m1) or immunomodulatory and tissue remodeling (m2). since macrophages play a pivotal role in controlling herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) replication, effects of hsv-1 by 24 h of infection were determined in murine j774a.1 macrophages unpolarized (m0) or polarized to either an m1 or m2 phenotype. morphology, cell viability, and expression of cd14 (co-receptor for lipopolysaccharide), cd86 (b7.2-immune co-stimulatory molecule), and supp ... | 2015 | 24956148 |
| antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato among adults, germany, 2008-2011. | to assess borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the cause of lyme borreliosis) seropositivity in germany, we tested serum samples from health survey (2008-2011) participants. seroprevalence was 5.8% among women and 13.0% among men; infection risk was highest among persons >60 years of age. public health interventions, including education about risk factors and preventive measures, are needed. | 2015 | 25531140 |
| current and past strategies for bacterial culture in clinical microbiology. | a pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding and treatment of caused diseases. the first culture conditions empirically varied incubation time, nutrients, atmosphere, and temperature; culture was then gradually abandoned in favor of molecular methods. the rebirth of culture in clinical microbiology was prompted by microbiologists specializing in intracellular bacteria. th ... | 2015 | 25567228 |
| sensorineural hearing loss and status epilepticus associated with ulcerative colitis: is there enough evidence to support immune-related mechanisms? | ulcerative colitis (uc) is characterized by an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. immune-mediated extraintestinal manifestations of uc have increasingly attracted attention in the literature recently, for which uc is now considered as a systemic disease. neurologic involvement associated with uc is probably under-reported because of the unawareness of many physicians, although early recognition and treatment are crucial in preventing major morbidity and sequel. in this case rep ... | 2015 | 25552855 |
| repurposing drugs in oncology (redo)-clarithromycin as an anti-cancer agent. | clarithromycin (cam) is a well-known macrolide antibiotic available as a generic drug. cam is traditionally used for many types of bacterial infections, treatment of lyme disease and eradication of gastric infection with helicobacter pylori. extensive preclinical and clinical data demonstrate a potential role for cam to treat various tumours in combination with conventional treatment. the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-tumour activity of cam are multiple and include prolonged reduction ... | 2015 | 25729426 |
| lipid requirements for the enzymatic activity of mray translocases and in vitro reconstitution of the lipid ii synthesis pathway. | screening of new compounds directed against key protein targets must continually keep pace with emerging antibiotic resistances. although periplasmic enzymes of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis have been among the first drug targets, compounds directed against the membrane-integrated catalysts are hardly available. a promising future target is the integral membrane protein mray catalyzing the first membrane associated step within the cytoplasmic pathway of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. h ... | 2015 | 26620564 |
| deep sequencing analysis of the ixodes ricinus haemocytome. | ixodes ricinus is the main tick vector of the microbes that cause lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis in europe. pathogens transmitted by ticks have to overcome innate immunity barriers present in tick tissues, including midgut, salivary glands epithelia and the hemocoel. molecularly, invertebrate immunity is initiated when pathogen recognition molecules trigger serum or cellular signalling cascades leading to the production of antimicrobials, pathogen opsonization and phagocytosis. we pres ... | 2015 | 25970599 |
| whole-chain tick saliva proteins presented on hepatitis b virus capsid-like particles induce high-titered antibodies with neutralizing potential. | ticks are vectors for various, including pathogenic, microbes. tick saliva contains multiple anti-host defense factors that enable ticks their bloodmeals yet also facilitate microbe transmission. lyme disease-causing borreliae profit specifically from the broadly conserved tick histamine release factor (thrf), and from cysteine-rich glycoproteins represented by salp15 from ixodes scapularis and iric-1 from ixodes ricinus ticks which they recruit to their outer surface protein c (ospc). hence the ... | 2015 | 26352137 |
| cross-immunity and community structure of a multiple-strain pathogen in the tick vector. | many vector-borne pathogens consist of multiple strains that circulate in both the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector. characterization of the community of pathogen strains in the arthropod vector is therefore important for understanding the epidemiology of mixed vector-borne infections. borrelia afzelii and b. garinii are two species of tick-borne bacteria that cause lyme disease in humans. these two sympatric pathogens use the same tick, ixodes ricinus, but are adapted to different class ... | 2015 | 26319876 |
| borrelia miyamotoi disease: neither lyme disease nor relapsing fever. | borrelia miyamotoi disease (bmd) is a newly recognized borreliosis globally transmitted by ticks of the ixodes persulcatus species complex. once considered to be a tick symbiont with no public health implications, b miyamotoi is increasingly recognized as the agent of a nonspecific febrile illness often misdiagnosed as acute lyme disease without rash, or as ehrlichiosis. the frequency of its diagnosis in the northeastern united states is similar to that of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. a diag ... | 2015 | 26593262 |
| seroprevalence of lyme disease and associated risk factors in rural population of beijing. | a seroepidemiological survey of 801 local residents from 28 villages was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of lyme disease and to identify the risk factors of becoming seropositive for lyme disease in the northern suburb of beijing. forty-one serum samples were positive for igg against b burgdorferi and the seroprevalence was 5.1% (41/801), indicating that lyme disease is endemic in the rural population. in the multivariable analysis, sowing and harvesting in summer (or, 2.377, 95% ci, 1.23 ... | 2015 | 26221360 |
| fatal multiple deer tick-borne infections in an elderly patient with advanced liver disease. | we present a case of a 66-year-old woman with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis and poorly controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who was admitted with a 1 day history of altered mental status, high-grade fevers, worsening jaundice and generalised malaise with subsequent development of hypotension requiring intensive care. she was diagnosed with severe babesiosis with high-grade parasitaemia. she was also found to have lyme disease coinfection. despite aggressive therapeutic me ... | 2015 | 25733088 |
| molecular survey of tick-borne pathogens in ixodid ticks collected from hunted wild animals in tuscany, italy. | to determine the prevalence of zoonotic tick-borne bacteria in feeding ticks removed from hunted wild animals. | 2015 | 26433656 |
| recent study on canine vector-borne zoonoses in southern slovakia - serologic survey. | over the last decade a significant spread of canine vector borne diseases has been recorded in central europe. the aim of the study described here, was to collect current data on the occurrence and distribution of three major canine vector-borne pathogens in the veterinary clinical practice by a newly-developed commercial elisa test for the detection of dirofilaria immitis antigen as well as specific circulating antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. circula ... | 2015 | 26408601 |
| abundance of questing ticks and molecular evidence for pathogens in ticks in three parks of emilia-romagna region of northern italy. | infectious and parasitic diseases transmitted by ticks, such as lyme diseases, granulocytic anaplasmosis and piroplasmosis, have been frequently reported in europe, with increasing attention to them as an emerging zoonotic problem. the presented study was performed to assess the distribution and the density of questing ticks in three regional parks of emilia-romagna region of northern italy, and to seek molecular evidence of potential human pathogens in tick populations. | 2015 | 26403115 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia microti in ixodes scapularis from a newly established lyme disease endemic area, the thousand islands region of ontario, canada. | blacklegged ticks (ixodes scapularis) are vectors for several important human diseases, including lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), and human babesiosis, caused by borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and babesia microti, respectively. the continued northward range expansion of blacklegged ticks and associated pathogens is an increasing public health concern in canada. the thousand islands region of eastern ontario has recently been identified as a new endemic area ... | 2015 | 26393476 |
| assessing the risk of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme borreliosis after a tick bite in bavaria, germany. | to date, only isolated incidences of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) have been reported in europe. however, entomological studies in bavaria, germany showed a prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum of between 2 and 9.5% in the tick vector ixodes ricinus. in this study we assessed the risk of pathogenic a. phagocytophilum infection after a tick bite in bavaria. the seroprevalence of anti-borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) antibodies was investigated as an indicator of past exposure, se ... | 2015 | 26338146 |
| american black bears as hosts of blacklegged ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the northeastern united states. | ticks and whole blood were collected from american black bears (ursus americanus pallas) between october 2011 and october 2012 across four counties in northwestern new jersey, an area where blacklegged ticks (ixodes scapularis say) and their associated tick-borne pathogens are prevalent. adult american dog ticks (dermacentor variabilis say) were the most frequently collected tick species in late spring, whereas adult and nymphal blacklegged ticks were found in both the late spring and fall month ... | 2015 | 26336232 |
| prevalence rates of borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae), anaplasma phagocytophilum (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), and babesia microti (piroplasmida: babesiidae) in host-seeking ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) from pennsylvania. | the etiological agents responsible for lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum), and babesiosis (babesia microti) are primarily transmitted by the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say. despite pennsylvania having in recent years reported the highest number of lyme disease cases in the united states, relatively little is known regarding the geographic distribution of the vector and its pathogens in the state. previous attempts at climate- ... | 2015 | 26335476 |
| relatively low prevalence of babesia microti and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes scapularis ticks collected in the lehigh valley region of eastern pennsylvania. | several human pathogens are transmitted by the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis. these include the spirochetes that cause lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) which is endemic to the lehigh valley region of eastern pennsylvania. emerging and currently rare tick-borne diseases have been of increasing concern in this region, including tick-borne relapsing fever (caused by borrelia miyamotoi), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum), and human babesiosis (caused by b ... | 2015 | 26318263 |
| low risk of seroconversion or clinical disease in humans after a bite by an anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected tick. | the risk of contracting human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) after a tick bite is mainly unknown. in this study we investigated the clinical and serological response in 30 humans bitten by ticks positive for anaplasma phagocytophilum (group a), 30 humans bitten by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.)-positive ticks (group b), and 30 humans bitten by ticks negative for both a. phagocytophilum and b. burgdorferi s.l. (group c). ticks, blood samples and questionnaires were collected from tick-bi ... | 2015 | 26187418 |
| evidence of anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi infection in cats after exposure to wild-caught adult ixodes scapularis. | cats are infected by anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi when exposed to infected ixodes scapularis (black-legged ticks). the purpose of our study was to allow wild-caught i. scapularis to feed on healthy research cats (n = 4) and temporally evaluate for a. phagocytophilum dna in blood by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay as well as for antibody responses to the b. burgdorferi c6 peptide, to the a. phagocytophilum p44 peptide, and to a novel a. phagocytophilum peptide (p44-4 ... | 2015 | 26179101 |
| current surveys of the seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi, ehrlichia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, leishmania infantum, babesia canis, angiostrongylus vasorum and dirofilaria immitis in dogs in bulgaria. | canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) have increasingly become a focus of interest in recent years. some of the cvbds are zoonotic and may therefore also represent a risk for the human population. different factors are in discussion to explain the expansion of vectors and pathogens into formerly unaffected areas. knowledge of the prevalence and distribution of cvbds in bulgaria is scant overall and most data rely on single case descriptions. the aim of the present study was to determine the serop ... | 2015 | 26152413 |
| tick-borne diseases (borreliosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis) in german and austrian dogs: status quo and review of distribution, transmission, clinical findings, diagnostics and prophylaxis. | tick-borne diseases (tbd) in dogs have gained in significance in german and austrian veterinary practices. the widespread european tick species ixodes ricinus represents an important vector for spirochaetes of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group and rickettsiales such as anaplasma phagocytophilum. the meadow or ornate dog tick (dermacentor reticulatus) is an important vector for babesia canis, as is the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) for babesia vogeli in the mediterranean regio ... | 2015 | 26152408 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and co-infections with anaplasma phagocytophilum and rickettsia spp. in ixodes ricinus in hamburg, germany. | to obtain initial data on borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) in ixodes ricinus (ixodida: ixodidae) ticks in hamburg, germany, 1400 questing ticks were collected by flagging at 10 different public recreation areas in 2011 and analysed using probe-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. the overall rate of infection with b. burgdorferi s.l. was 34.1%; 30.0% of adults were infected (36.7% of females and 26.0% of males), as were 34.5% of nymphs. signifi ... | 2015 | 26096626 |
| comparison between available serologic tests for detecting antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi in horses in canada. | to investigate the agreement between available serologic tests for the detection of antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi, 50 serum samples from horses of unknown clinical status and at low risk for infection were tested. in addition to a point-of-care enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pocelisa), the evaluated tests included 2 indirect fluorescent antibody tests (ifats) for antibodies against a. phagocytophilum and an ifat, an elisa confirmed with western blot, a ... | 2015 | 26069228 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis, within southwestern pennsylvania. | prevalence studies of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum have been rare for ticks from southwestern pennsylvania. we collected 325 ixodes scapularis ticks between 2011 and 2012 from four counties in southwestern pennsylvania. we tested for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum using pcr. of the ticks collected from pennsylvania, b. burgdorferi (causative agent of lyme disease) was present in 114/325 (35%) and anaplasma phagocytophilum (causative agent ... | 2015 | 26047199 |
| tick-borne bacteria in ixodes ricinus collected in southern norway evaluated by a commercial kit and established real-time pcr protocols. | ticks are important vectors of human pathogens. the knowledge of disease causing agents harboured by ticks in norway is limited. the focus of this study was (a) to detect the bacteria of medical importance in ticks collected from the vegetation at locations in the southern part of the country and (b) to evaluate a novel commercially available multiplex pcr based method by comparing results with conventional established real-time pcr protocols. borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was confirmed to be ... | 2015 | 25985721 |
| first record of autochthonous canine ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia canis in romania. | this case study describes the first genetically confirmed and clinically manifested autochthonous ehrlichia canis infection in a 9-year-old female mixed-breed dog from romania. health screening of the dog included clinical examination, evaluation of stained peripheral blood smear and hematologic variables, as well as serologic testing and molecular analysis. clinical signs included fever, apathy, dehydration, pale mucous membranes, and weakness. the microscopic examination of the blood smear and ... | 2015 | 25867940 |
| demographic characteristics and infectious diseases of a population of american black bears in humboldt county, california. | american black bears (ursus americanus) are common, widely distributed, and broad-ranging omnivorous mammals in northern california forests. bears may be susceptible to pathogens infecting both domestic animals and humans. monitoring bear populations, particularly in changing ecosystems, is important to understanding ecological features that could affect bear population health and influence the likelihood that bears may cause adverse impacts on humans. in all, 321 bears were captured between may ... | 2015 | 25700042 |
| [monoinfections caused by borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia burgdorferi / anaplasma phagocytophilum co-infections in forestry workers and farmers]. | the presence of co-infections induced by tick-borne pathogens in humans is an important epidemiological phenomenon. this issue has attracted growing attention of doctors and people working under conditions of an increased risk of being exposed to tick bites. | 2015 | 26647983 |
| lyme disease coinfections in the united states. | lyme disease in north america is caused by infection with the spirochetal bacterium borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ixodes scapularis and ixodes pacificus ticks. these ticks also have the potential to transmit a rapidly expanding list of other pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites, including anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, deer tick (powassan) virus, borrelia miyamotoi, and the ehrlichia muris-like organism. coinfections with b burgdorferi and these other agents are oft ... | 2015 | 26593260 |
| prevalence of select vector-borne pathogens in stray and client-owned dogs from algiers. | data on the prevalence of vector-borne diseases agents infecting canines in algeria is currently lacking. the purpose of this study is to assess by serological and molecular methods the prevalence of select arthropod borne-bacterial infections in client-owned and stray dogs. antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum were the most prevalent at 47.7%, followed by borrelia burgdorferi s.l. at 37.6%, ehrlichia canis at 30.0%, bartonella henselae at 32.4% and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii at 27 ... | 2015 | 25638478 |
| borrelia miyamotoi in host-seeking ixodes ricinus ticks in england. | this paper reports the first detection of borrelia miyamotoi in uk ixodes ricinus ticks. it also reports on the presence and infection rates of i. ricinus for a number of other tick-borne pathogens of public health importance. ticks from seven regions in southern england were screened for b. miyamotoi, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), anaplasma phagocytophilum and neoehrlichia mikurensis using qpcr. a total of 954 i. ricinus ticks were tested, 40 were positive for b. burgdorferi s.l., 22 ... | 2015 | 25017971 |
| effect of climate change on vector-borne disease risk in the uk. | during the early part of the 21st century, an unprecedented change in the status of vector-borne disease in europe has occurred. invasive mosquitoes have become widely established across europe, with subsequent transmission and outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya virus. malaria has re-emerged in greece, and west nile virus has emerged throughout parts of eastern europe. tick-borne diseases, such as lyme disease, continue to increase, or, in the case of tick-borne encephalitis and crimean-congo h ... | 2015 | 25808458 |
| coexistence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. genospecies within ixodes ricinus ticks from central and eastern poland. | the purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence and coinfection rates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genotypes in ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks sampled from diverse localities in central and eastern regions of poland. in years 2009-2011, questing nymphs and adults of i. ricinus were collected using a flagging method at 18 localities representing distinct ecosystem types: urban green areas, suburban forests and rural woodlands. molecular detection of b. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies was base ... | 2015 | 26408587 |
| [the blood coagulation system and microcirculatory disorders in ixodid tick-borne borreliosis caused by borrelia miyamotoi]. | to study blood coagulation and microcirculatory disorders as a possible cause of transient dysfunctions of organs (the kidney, liver, heart, lung, etc.) in patients with ixodid tick-borne borreliosis caused by borrelia miyamotoi (bmt). subjects and methods; twenty-four patients with lyme disease (ld) and 28 bmt patients treated at izhevsk city hospital (udmurtia) were examined in the study. platelet counts and the presence of d-dimers were determined; activated partial thromboplastin time, proth ... | 2015 | 26821412 |
| borrelia miyamotoi: a widespread tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete. | borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever spirochete that has only recently been identified as a human pathogen. borrelia miyamotoi is genetically and ecologically distinct from borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, while both are present in ixodes ticks. over 50 patients with an acute febrile illness have been described with a b. miyamotoi infection, and two infected immunocompromised patients developed a meningoencephalitis. seroprevalence studies indicate exposure in the general population and in sp ... | 2015 | 25892254 |
| diseases from north america: focus on tick-borne infections. | tick-borne infections are seen throughout the united states, with varying geographical locations. many of these infections are also increasingly seen in europe. certain ticks (eg ixodes) can transmit more than one infection. diagnosis, particularly in early infection, can be challenging and therefore knowledge of the distinguishing clinical features and epidemiology of these diseases is important. testing for lyme disease often causes confusion for patients and medical providers, as serological ... | 2015 | 25650204 |
| blood transfusion transmission of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete borrelia miyamotoi in mice. | borrelia miyamotoi, a recently discovered relapsing fever spirochete, occurs in hard-bodied ticks wherever lyme disease is endemic. human infection is associated with relapsing fever and can cause meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. a few cases of transfusion transmission of other relapsing fever spirochete species have been reported but none for b. miyamotoi. our objective was to determine whether b. miyamotoi transfusion transmission could occur in a murine transfusion model. he ... | 2015 | 25251880 |
| cross-reactive acquired immunity influences transmission success of the lyme disease pathogen, borrelia afzelii. | cross-reactive acquired immunity in the vertebrate host induces indirect competition between strains of a given pathogen species and is critical for understanding the ecology of mixed infections. in vector-borne diseases, cross-reactive antibodies can reduce pathogen transmission at the vector-to-host and the host-to-vector lifecycle transition. the highly polymorphic, immunodominant, outer surface protein c (ospc) of the tick-borne spirochete bacterium borrelia afzelii induces a strong antibody ... | 2015 | 26384476 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and borrelia afzelii: population structure and differential pathogenicity. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is considered a powerful method to unveil relationships within bacterial populations and it constitutes an economical and fast alternative to whole genome sequencing. we used this method to understand whether there are differences in human pathogenicity within and between different borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species. therefore, 136 strains from human patients or ticks from europe were included in mlst analyses. the scheme employed used eight chromosomally l ... | 2015 | 26341331 |
| biofilm formation by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | bacterial biofilms are microbial communities held together by an extracellular polymeric substance matrix predominantly composed of polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. we had previously shown that borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative organism of lyme disease in the united states is capable of forming biofilms in vitro. here, we investigated biofilm formation by b. afzelii and b. garinii, which cause lyme disease in europe. using various histochemistry and microscopy techniq ... | 2015 | 26208529 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-infected ixodes ricinus collected from vegetation near the arctic circle. | this is the first study to determine the density of questing ixodes ricinus in northern norway. it was performed at two sites in brønnøy, which has been known for its tick permissive habitats for decades and is one of the northernmost habitats with an abundant i. ricinus population in the world. from april to november 2011, all stages of host-seeking i. ricinus were collected from the two sites. the overall prevalence of nymphs infected with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was 21% and that of ad ... | 2015 | 26187417 |
| infection of siberian chipmunks (tamias sibiricus barberi) with borrelia sp. reveals a low reservoir competence under experimental conditions. | reservoir competence is a key parameter in understanding the role of host species in the epidemiology of multi-host-especially vector-borne-pathogens. with this aim in view, we studied the reservoir competence of the siberian chipmunk (tamias sibiricus barberi) recently introduced into europe, for the multi-host tick-borne bacteria, borrelia burgdorferi sl, the agent of lyme borreliosis. t. sibiricus were experimentally exposed to bites from ixodes ricinus ticks infected with borrelia burgdorfer ... | 2015 | 25805623 |