Publications

resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in food-related bacteria.	microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents continues to be a major problem. the frequent use and misuse of disinfectants based on quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) in food-processing industries have imposed a selective pressure and may contribute to the emergence of disinfectant-resistant microorganisms. a total number of 1,325 gram-negative isolates (escherichia coli, other coliforms vibrio spp., and aeromonas spp.) and 500 enterococcus spp. from food and food-processing industries and fis ...	2002	12523638
enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157: epidemiology and ecology in bovine production environments.	enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, particularly the o157(:h7) serogroup, has become a worldwide public health concern. since cattle feces are often implicated as the source of e. coli o157 in human infections, considerable resources have been devoted to defining the epidemiology and ecology of e. coli o157 in cattle environments so that control might begin at the farm level. diagnostic limitations and the complexity of often interrelated microbial, animal, herd, environmental and production fac ...	2002	12665108
the effect of the intramammary infusion of escherichia coli endotoxin on ovulation in lactating dairy cows.	the purpose of this experiment was to determine if intramammary inflammation during the periovulatory period affects the occurrence of ovulation in lactating dairy cows. ten lactating, cyclic, holstein dairy cows received 2 injections of prostaglandin f2alpha at eleven-day intervals, to synchronize luteolysis. the day of the second injection was designated as day 0. ovulation was anticipated to occur 3-5 days later (on days 3-5). beginning at the morning milking on day 1, cows received intramamm ...	2002	14666151
[rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in food with multiplex pcr assay].	rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) in food was achieved by using multiplex pcr assay. the assay was designed to amplify the 1109, 302 and 228 bp regions of corresponding virulence genes eaea, hlyab, slt1 and/or slt2, by using specific primers for each one reaction. in 60 ehec and other strains, the above three virulence gene sequences were co-amplified from dna isolated from 12 ehec o157:h7 strains, 1 o26:h11 strain and 1 o111:h8 strain; eaea sequence was amplified from ...	2001	12561602
phosphatases and kinases.	the reaction conditions and applications of two phosphatases and one kinase are described in this unit. bacterial alkaline phosphatase (bap) from e. coli and calf intestine phosphatase (cip) from veal are commonly used in nucleic acid research. both enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of 5'-phosphate residues from dna, rna, and ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. the dephosphorylated products possess 5'-hydroxyl termini which can subsequently be radioactively labeled using [gamma-32p]atp an ...	2001	18265219
a cooperia punctata gene family encoding 14 kda excretory-secretory antigens conserved for trichostrongyloid nematodes.	a polymorphic set of 14 kda excretory-secretory (e-s) antigen-encoding cdnas, with similarity to a previously characterized 15 kda e-s antigen of haemonchus contortus, was cloned from cooperia punctata. five cdnas encoding predicted proteins of 70-80% identity were sequenced. genomic analyses of individuals proved the existence of three 14 kda e-s antigen-encoding genes, excluding that the differences reflected polymorphisms between individuals in a population. southern blots indicated the prese ...	2001	11814050
inhibition of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) adherence to hep-2 cells by bovine colostrum and milk.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is the main etiological agent of infantile diarrhea in brazil and other developing countries. human milk iga protects newborn intestinal mucosa by inhibiting bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells and this effect is shown by in vitro assays of epec adhesion to hep-2 cultured cells. bovine milk, if effective in promoting this protection, could be an useful tool in the absence of the natural breastfeeding, in high-risk nurseries or in hospital infections.	2001	11834181
rice (oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the c-terminus.	we have isolated full-length cdnas for two distinct isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (gad), designated osgad1 and osgad2 from a rice shoot cdna library. open reading frames found in osgad1 and osgad2 cdnas encode putative proteins of 501 (56.7 kda) and 500 amino acids (55.6 kda), respectively. they show 69% identity to each other and 67-78% identity to dicotyledonous counterpart sequences determined so far. comparative analysis of relevant genomic clones obtained from the rice genomic library ...	2001	11779628
design and assembly of solid-phases for the effective recovery of nanoparticulate bioproducts in fluidised bed contactors.	practical recovery of nanoparticulate bioproducts from suspension feedstocks has been studied in batch, fixed bed and fluidised bed adsorptive contactors. the performance of five discrete configurations of adsorbent solid phase has been critically evaluated in the anion exchange recovery of mg quantities of bsa nanoparticles. these have served as surrogate size mimics of less easily sourced viral and plasmid gene therapy vectors, characterised by high value and a shortage of supply in quantities ...	2001	11787793
design of expanded bed supports for the recovery of plasmid dna by anion exchange adsorption.	in this study we detail the rational design of new chromatographic adsorbents tailored for the capture of plasmid dna. features present on current chromatographic supports that can significantly enhance plasmid binding capacity have been identified in packed bed chromatography experiments and blueprints for improved expanded bed adsorbents have been put forward. the characterisation and testing of small (20-40 microm) high density (>3.7 g cm(-3)) pellicular expanded bed materials functionalised ...	2001	11787795
prevalence and characteristics of shigatoxin-producing escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from minced meat in switzerland.	a total of 400 minced meat samples from 240 small butcheries in switzerland were collected and analysed for the presence of shigatoxin-producing e. coli (stec) and listeria monocytogenes. the samples comprised 211 samples of minced beef and 189 samples of minced pork. shigatoxin-producing e. coli was isolated from 7/400 (1.75%) samples. in particular, 5/211 (2.3%) minced beef samples and 2/189 (1%) minced pork samples were contaminated. serotyping of the seven strains yielded five different sero ...	2001	11759763
effect of selenium and vitamin e on antibody production by dairy cows vaccinated against escherichia coli.	sixty clinically healthy holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of four groups according to their age and parity and vaccinated in late pregnancy (day 190) with a multivalent vaccine against escherichia coli. the 15 cows in the first group (see) were injected intramuscularly with a solution of sodium selenite (0.1 mg se/kg bodyweight) and vitamin e (alpha-tocopherol acetate, 8 u/kg bodyweight), the cows in the second group (se) received only selenium and the cows in the third group (e) rece ...	2001	11764325
characterization of shiga toxin producing e. coli and o157 serotype e. coli isolated in france from healthy domestic cattle.	a study was carried out in france in collaboration with the meat industry to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) and o157 e. coli in a population of healthy bovines representative of french livestock. a total of 851 animals belonging to three bovine classes (106 young bulls, 374 dairy cows and 371 meat cows) were included in the study. samples of feces and of the corresponding carcasses were collected from march 97 to august 97 in seven abattoir ...	2001	11246905
lactoferricin b causes depolarization of the cytoplasmic membrane of escherichia coli atcc 25922 and fusion of negatively charged liposomes.	antimicrobial peptides have been extensively studied in order to elucidate their mode of action. most of these peptides have been shown to exert a bactericidal effect on the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. lactoferricin is an antimicrobial peptide with a net positive charge and an amphipatic structure. in this study we examine the effect of bovine lactoferricin (lactoferricin b; lfcin b) on bacterial membranes. we show that lfcin b neither lyses bacteria, nor causes a major leakage from liposo ...	2001	11248238
pcr primers designed from malic acid dehydrogenase gene and their use for detection of escherichia coli in water and milk samples.	escherichia coli has been the appropriate focus for monitoring of potential enteric pathogens in water and foods. although several methods have been used for the detection or enumeration of e. coli cells in water and foods, the time and accuracy limitations of these methods suggest the need of a rapid and specific method. by comparison of the gene sequences coding for malic acid dehydrogenase (mdh) of e. coli and non-e. coli strains, two oligonucleotides were designed and their possible use as e ...	2001	11252491
dna from protozoan parasites babesia bovis, trypanosoma cruzi, and t. brucei is mitogenic for b lymphocytes and stimulates macrophage expression of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide.	the activation of innate immune responses by genomic dna from bacteria and several nonvertebrate organisms represents a novel mechanism of pathogen recognition. we recently demonstrated the cpg-dependent mitogenic activity of dna from the protozoan parasite babesia bovis for bovine b lymphocytes (w. c. brown, d. m. estes, s. e. chantler, k. a. kegerreis, and c. e. suarez, infect. immun. 66:5423-5432, 1998). however, activation of macrophages by dna from protozoan parasites has not been demonstra ...	2001	11254571
bactericidal activities of milk lipids.	the bactericidal capacity of digestion products of bovine milk triglycerides and membrane lipids was tested in vitro using escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and clostridium perfringens. c10:0 and c12:0 fatty acids and digestion products of sphingolipids appeared to be effective bactericidal agents, whereas digestion products of phosphoglycerides were moderately bactericidal. thus, milk fat sphingolipids and triglycerides, particularly ...	2001	11257052
yersinia hpi in septicemic escherichia coli strains isolated from diverse hosts.	high pathogenicity islands (hpis), first identified in various yersinia species, encode an iron uptake system. we have studied the occurrence of hpis in septicemic strains of escherichia coli isolated from a variety of hosts. the results presented in this communication indicate that most septicemic strains tested contained hpi sequences even though they already have the aerobactin encoding genes. we have also observed two types of hpi deletions, suggesting genetic instability of this element. no ...	2001	11257548
acute phase protein responses to uterine bacterial contamination in cattle after calving.	repeated ultrasonographic examinations and collections of blood samples and uterine lumenal swabs between seven and 28 days after calving were used to examine the relative effects of bacterial contamination and involution of the uterus on the concentrations of acute phase proteins in the blood of 26 dairy cows. the severity of bacterial contamination, as determined by the total bacterial growth score, was a significant variable for the concentrations of the acute phase proteins alpha1-acid glyco ...	2001	11258722
second virial coefficients as a measure of protein--osmolyte interactions.	the cytoplasm contains high concentrations of cosolutes. these cosolutes include macromolecules and small organic molecules called osmolytes. however, most biophysical studies of proteins are conducted in dilute solutions. two broad classes of models have been used to describe the interaction between osmolytes and proteins. one class focuses on excluded volume effects, while the other focuses on binding between the protein and the osmolyte. to better understand protein--smolyte interactions, we ...	2001	11266589
characterisation and clonal relationships of shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) isolated from australian dairy cattle.	a total of 136 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated during a longitudinal survey of three australian dairy farms were examined to determine their virulence factors, serotype and genomic relationships. this study aimed to assess the potential of these stec to cause disease in humans and to analyse the on-farm ecology of stec. virulence factors (stx, eae, ehxa) were used as determinants of potential to be enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and were examined using polymerase chain ...	2001	11267792
influence of escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from bovine puerperal uteri on phenotypic and functional properties of neutrophils.	when cows develop endometritis after birth, escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes are usually the most prominent bacteria present in bovine uterine lochial secretions. a. pyogenes alone is rarely found in the course of a disturbed puerperium. this was confirmed in this study, since average and high-grade uterine contaminations were always associated with the presence of both bacteria. the contamination grade was positively correlated with uterine polymorphonuclear granulocyte (pmn) numbe ...	2001	11267794
amino-acid substitutions at the fully exposed p1 site of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor affect its stability.	it is widely accepted that solvent-exposed sites in proteins play only a negligible role in determining protein energetics. in this paper we show that amino acid substitutions at the fully exposed lys15 in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti) influenced the cd- and dsc-monitored stability: the t(den) difference between the least (p1 trp) and the most stable (p1 his) mutant is 11.2 degrees c at ph 2.0. the deltah(den) versus t(den) plot for all the variants at three ph values (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 ...	2001	11274462
identification of the anti-angiogenic site within vascular basement membrane-derived tumstatin.	components of vascular basement membrane are involved in regulating angiogenesis. recently, tumstatin (the nc1 domain of alpha3 chain of type iv collagen) was identified as possessing anti-angiogenic activity. in the present study, the anti-angiogenic activity of tumstatin was localized to the putative 54-132-amino acid tum-5 domain, and the activity mediated by alpha(v)beta(3) integrin interaction in an rgd-independent manner. the recombinant tum-5 produced in escherichia coli and pichia pastor ...	2001	11278365
structural compensation for the deficit of rrna with proteins in the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. systematic analysis of protein components of the large ribosomal subunit from mammalian mitochondria.	the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) is a highly protein-rich particle in which almost half of the rrna contained in the bacterial ribosome is replaced with proteins. it is known that mitochondrial translation factors can function on both mitochondrial and escherichia coli ribosomes, indicating that protein components in the mitoribosome compensate the reduced rrna chain to make a bacteria-type ribosome. to elucidate the molecular basis of this compensation, we analyzed bovine mit ...	2001	11279069
production of recombinant bovine lactoferrin n-lobe in insect cells and its antimicrobial activity.	lactoferrin is a multifunctional, iron-binding glycoprotein found in physiological fluids of mammals. in the present study, a gene encoding the n-terminal half (n-lobe) of bovine lactoferrin was cloned and expressed in cultured insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. one mutation was found in the lactoferrin n-lobe gene, but it resulted in no amino acid substitution. the recombinant lactoferrin n-lobe was secreted into the culture medium and partially purified by means of an immobili ...	2001	11281717
bovine rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 produced by lactococcus lactis is antigenic and immunogenic.	rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) can induce diarrhea in mice. to get insight into the biological effects of nsp4, production of large quantities of this protein is necessary. we first tried to produce the protein in escherichia coli, but the nsp4 gene proved to be unstable. the capacity of the generally regarded as safe organism lactococcus lactis to produce nsp4 either intra- or extracellularly was then investigated by using the nisin-controlled expression system. production of recombin ...	2001	11282586
lox-1 supports adhesion of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	adhesion of bacteria to vascular endothelial cells as well as mucosal cells and epithelial cells appears to be one of the initial steps in the process of bacterial infection, including infective endocarditis. we examined whether lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (lox-1), a member of scavenger receptor family molecules with c-type lectin-like structure, can support adhesion of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. chinese hamster ovary-k1 (cho-k1) cells stably expressing ...	2001	11290792
high pressure increases bactericidal activity and spectrum of lactoferrin, lactoferricin and nisin.	we have studied the inactivation of a panel of eight test bacteria (two escherichia coli strains, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas fluorescens and staphylococcus aureus) by high pressure in the presence of bovine lactoferrin (500 microg/ml), pepsin hydrolysate of lactoferrin (500 microg/ml), lactoferricin (20 microg/ml) and nisin (100 iu/ml). none of these compounds, at the indicated dosage, were bactericidal when applied at atmosphe ...	2001	11294354
a basic residue at position 36p of the propeptide is not essential for the correct folding and subsequent autocatalytic activation of prochymosin.	position 36p in the propeptides of gastric aspartic proteinases is generally occupied by lysine or arginine. this has led to the conclusion that a basic residue at this position, which interacts with the active-site aspartates, is essential for folding and activation of the zymogen. lamb prochymosin has been shown by cdna cloning to possess glutamic acid at 36p. to investigate the effect of this natural mutation which appears to contradict the proposed role of this residue, calf and lamb prochym ...	2001	11298755
superoxide reductase from desulfoarculus baarsii: reaction mechanism and role of glutamate 47 and lysine 48 in catalysis.	superoxide reductase (sor) is a small metalloenzyme that catalyzes reduction of o(2)()(-) to h(2)o(2) and thus provides an antioxidant mechanism against superoxide radicals. its active site contains an unusual mononuclear ferrous center, which is very efficient during electron transfer to o(2)()(-) [lombard, m., fontecave, m., touati, d., and nivière, v. (2000) j. biol. chem. 275, 115-121]. the reaction of the enzyme from desulfoarculus baarsii with superoxide was studied by pulse radiolysis m ...	2001	11305919
identification of a novel cat allergen--cystatin.	cat allergen is an important cause of sensitization among children with asthma in japan. although there is good evidence that cats produce other allergens, only one major allergen, fel d 1, has been studied in detail.	2001	11306925
development of a monoclonal sandwich elisa for the detection of animal and human escherichia coli o157 strains.	production of a monoclonal antibody (mab) to escherichia coli o157 to develop a rapid test using a sandwich elisa (selisa) format.	2001	11309065
lactate dehydrogenase release assay from vero cells to distinguish verotoxin producing escherichia coli from non-verotoxin producing strains.	the vero cell assay presently used for virulence testing of verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) requires at least 48-96 h where cytotoxicity effects are examined under a microscope. here, a complimentary rapid assay was developed that measures endogenous lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) release from vero or hep-2 cells as an indicator of cytotoxicity. toxin preparations from 24 vtec strains induced 36-89% ldh from vero cells and 15-62% ldh from hep-2 cells in 12-16 h. a verotoxin-positive but enter ...	2001	11118652
in vitro incorporation of nascent molybdenum cofactor into human sulfite oxidase.	we were able to reconstitute molybdopterin (mpt)-free sulfite oxidase in vitro with the molybdenum cofactor (moco) synthesized de novo from precursor z and molybdate. mpt-free human sulfite oxidase apoprotein was obtained by heterologous expression in an escherichia coli mutant with a defect in the early steps of mpt biosynthesis. in vitro reconstitution of the purified apoprotein was achieved using an incubation mixture containing purified precursor z, purified mpt synthase, and sodium molybdat ...	2001	11042213
prevalence and characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli from healthy cattle in japan.	the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) in japan was examined by using stool samples from 87 calves, 88 heifers, and 183 cows on 78 farms. as determined by screening with stx-pcr, the prevalence was 46% in calves, 66% in heifers, and 69% in cows; as determined by nested stx-pcr, the prevalence was 100% in all animal groups. of the 962 isolates picked by colony stx hybridization, 92 isolates from 54 farms were characterized to determine their o serogroups, virulence factor ...	2001	11133487
analysis of type 1 fimbriae expression in verotoxigenic escherichia coli: a comparison between serotypes o157 and o26.	previous research has shown that verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 strains appear unable to express type 1 fimbriae although other serotypes such as o26 and o118 can. this study has investigated the molecular basis of this difference. the study confirmed the presence of a 16 bp deletion within the regulatory region of fima (fim switch) in 63 vtec o157 strains but not in other vtec serotypes tested. the fim switch was shown to be detectable only in the phase off orientation in vtec ...	2001	11160808
measurement of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in dna by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: comparison with measurement by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	measurement of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oh-dguo) in dna by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (lc/ms) was studied. a methodology was developed for separation by lc of 8-oh-dguo from intact and modified nucleosides in dna hydrolyzed by a combination of four enzymes: dnase i, phosphodiesterases i and ii and alkaline phosphatase. the atmospheric pressure ionization-electrospray process was used for mass spectral measurements. a stable isotope-labeled analog of 8-oh-dguo ...	2001	11160914
reduction of fecal shedding of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 in lambs by feeding microbial feed supplement.	enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, an emerging food-borne pathogen, has been implicated in several outbreaks in the us. ruminants, including cattle, sheep and deer are reservoirs of e. coli o157:h7 and fecal shedding of the pathogen forms the vehicle of entry into the human food chain. we studied the efficacy of lactobacillus acidophilus, streptococcus faecium, a mixture of l. acidophilus and s. faecium and a mixture of l. acidophilus, s. faecium, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus ferm ...	2001	11163713
resistance patterns of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from animals, food and asymptomatic human carriers in switzerland.	the objective of the present study was to determine the resistance patterns of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from different sources in switzerland during the period 1997-99 as an epidemiological marker.	2001	11169054
occurrence and virulence factors of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in retail meat in dunedin, new zealand.	retail raw meat was sampled for the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) using enrichment culture and vero cell assay. the stec obtained were serotyped and tested for enterohaemolysin (ehly) production and the eae gene. the presence of shiga toxin genes (stx) was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. a total of 18 stec were isolated accounting for 12% of beef, 17% of lamb and 4% of pork samples. five isolates produced ehly but none possessed the eae gene. five isolates wer ...	2001	11169055
development of a competitive elisa using a truncated e2 recombinant protein as antigen for detection of antibodies to classical swine fever virus.	the sequence encoding a truncated e2 glycoprotein of the alfort/187 strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was expressed in escherichia coli using the pet expression system and the recombinant product purified by ni-nta agarose affinity chromatography. the antigenicity of this recombinant protein was demonstrated by immunoblot using anti- csfv-specific antibodies. a monoclonal antibody was produced against the truncated e2 protein and used as competitor in an elisa for the detection of ant ...	2001	11170845
molecular cloning and functional expression of bottle-nosed dolphin (tursiops truncatus) interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.	the bottle-nosed dolphin (tursiops truncatus) interleukin-1 receptor antagonist il-1ra cdna was cloned from mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) rna utilizing the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the sequence of this cdna showed that dolphin il-1ra clones contained open reading frames encoding 177 amino acids. comparison of the deduced amino acids showed that dolphin il-1ra sequence shared 87.6, 77.9, 77.4, 77.4, 76.4, and 75.8% similarity with th ...	2001	11182153
occurrence and characterization of escherichia coli o157 isolated from cattle in norway.	faecal samples from 504 imported beef cattle were screened to investigate the occurrence of escherichia coli o157. the results were compared with those from a previous screening of norwegian dairy cattle, and the occurrence was found to be higher in the imported beef cattle. the e. coli o157 isolates from the previous and present studies were characterized for the genes encoding for shigatoxin 1 (stx1), shigatoxin 2 (stx2), the intimin protein (eae) and the flagellar protein h7 (flic) using pcr ...	2001	11214668
analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 2-dimensional electrophoresis of haptoglobin in the high-density lipoprotein fraction in cows.	haptoglobin (hp) is a hemoglobin (hb)-binding acute-phase protein. besides its relevance in inflammation, hp is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. in cattle, in addition to the lipoprotein-deficient fraction, hp is distributed in high-density lipoprotein (hdl) and very high-density lipoprotein (vhdl) fractions. the purpose of this study was to determine hp concentrations in the lipoprotein fractions using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the affinity with hb, an ...	2001	11217066
sequences at the 3' untranslated region of bamboo mosaic potexvirus rna interact with the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase.	the 3' untranslated region (utr) of bamboo mosaic potexvirus (bamv) genomic rna was found to fold into a series of stem-loop structures including a pseudoknot structure. these structures were demonstrated to be important for viral rna replication and were believed to be recognized by the replicase (c.-p. cheng and c.-h. tsai, j. mol. biol. 288:555-565, 1999). electrophoretic mobility shift and competition assays have now been used to demonstrate that the escherichia coli-expressed rna-dependent ...	2001	11222706
structure of a bag/hsc70 complex: convergent functional evolution of hsp70 nucleotide exchange factors.	bag (bcl2-associated athanogene) domains occur in a class of cofactors of the eukaryotic chaperone 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (hsp70) family. binding of the bag domain to the hsp70 adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) domain promotes adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent release of substrate from hsp70 in vitro. in a 1.9 angstrom crystal structure of a complex with the atpase of the 70-kilodalton heat shock cognate protein (hsc70), the bag domain forms a three-helix bundle, inducing a conformat ...	2001	11222862
occurrence of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in dairy heifers grazing an irrigated pasture.	verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) produce one or two toxins known as vt1 and vt2. these toxins have been associated with several human illnesses. dairy cattle harboring vtec represent a potential health hazard because they enter the food chain as ground beef. the objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of vtec in dairy heifers. a total of 91 fecal samples were rectally collected during four periods (spring, summer, fall, and winter of 1999) from 23 heifers. a random sample ...	2001	11223171
experimental and field studies of escherichia coli o157:h7 in white-tailed deer.	studies were conducted to evaluate fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in a small group of inoculated deer, determine the prevalence of the bacterium in free-ranging white-tailed deer, and elucidate relationships between e. coli o157:h7 in wild deer and domestic cattle at the same site. six young, white-tailed deer were orally administered 10(8) cfu of e. coli o157:h7. inoculated deer were shedding e. coli o157:h7 by 1 day postinoculation (dpi) and continued to shed decreasing numbers of ...	2001	11229913
differential adhesion of major surface proteins 1a and 1b of the ehrlichial cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells.	anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne ehrlichial pathogen of cattle for which six major surface proteins (msps) have been described. the msp1 complex, a heterodimer composed of msp1a and msp1b, was shown to induce a protective immune response in cattle and both proteins have been identified as putative adhesins for bovine erythrocytes. in this study the role of msp1a and msp1b as adhesins for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells was defined. msp1alpha and msp1beta1 genes from the oklahoma isolate of ...	2001	11239934
use of polymerase chain reaction to identify brucella abortus strain rb51 among brucella field isolates from cattle in italy.	brucella abortus strain rb51, a rough mutant of the b. abortus 2308 virulent strain, was recently approved in the united states as the official vaccine for brucellosis in cattle. following recent evidence of unauthorized use of rb51 vaccine in italy, where the use of vaccines for brucellosis is no longer allowed, the suitability of an rb51-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for identifying the rb51 strain among brucella field isolates from cattle in italy was investigated. the oligonucleot ...	2001	11315520
infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the third eyelid in heifers.	on a dairy cattle farm, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed in 29 (24%) calves and heifers aged from 2 weeks to 1 year old. the highest infection rate (18%) occurred in animals aged 3-6 months. the bacteriological examination of swabs from the affected animals yielded several species of bacteria: moraxella bovis, neisseria ovis, n. cuniculi, plasma coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp., alpha-haemolytic streptococcus spp., arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli. moraxell ...	2001	11315524
microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of primary dna alterations based on the interaction with uvra/uvrb.	an enzyme-linked microplate immunoassay for the analysis of primary dna lesions is described. the assay principle is based on the interaction of the bacterial dna repair proteins uvra and uvrb with dna and on the immunodetection of uvrb forming a stable complex with covalently modified nucleotides. using this technique we were able to detect damages in genomic dna induced by uv light and by several different genotoxic agents. the detection sensitivity of the method reaches down to the nanomolar ...	2001	11319810
screening procedure from cattle feces and the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in taiwan dairy cattle.	a procedure has been established for screening escherichia coli o157:h7 from bovine feces. it consists of four steps: enrichment, selective culture, phenotyping and genotyping. modified trypticase soy broth (mtsb) containing 20 microg/ml of novobiocin was used for the enrichment step. the selective culture step was done using sorbitol macconkey agar containing 0.05 microg/ml of cefixime and 2.5 microg/ml of potassium tellurite. the phenotyping steps include: species confirmation as e. coli, sero ...	2001	11321124
histone-like protein: a novel method for measuring stress in fish.	we assessed the effect of chronic stress using a group of potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial polypeptides, called histone-like proteins (hlps), which appear to be an important component of non-specific immunity in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus skin. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to measure the predominant hlp (hlp-1) in channel catfish skin. catfish were then exposed to a chronic stress consisting of overcrowding and elevated ammonia. healthy unstressed fish ...	2001	11324821
factors influencing consumer demand for u.s. pork exported to the republic of korea (south korea).	the potential market for single-ribbed bellies and boston butts in south korea was characterized and quantitative selection criteria were identified for use by u.s. packers when selecting pork for export. south korean retail meat market managers and traders/wholesalers in seoul and pusan were interviewed and asked to identify the quality attributes that are considered when making pork-purchasing decisions. in addition, pork labeling characteristics and meat display case measurements and space al ...	2001	11325196
high-level production of heme-containing holoproteins in escherichia coli.	the expression of recombinant protein is essential for the investigation of the functions and properties of heme-containing protein as an electron carrier. for the expression of fully active recombinant protein, conversion of the expressed apoprotein into holoprotein is the most important and difficult problem. in this study, a system was developed for the production of heme-containing protein in a pure, recombinant holoprotein form, using the bovine cytochrome b5 tryptic fragment and escherichi ...	2001	11330712
a longitudinal study on enteropathogenic infections of livestock in trinidad.	a longitudinal study was conducted on selected livestock farms to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic animals. the enteropathogens assayed from faecal samples and rectal swabs were bacteria (escherichia coli, campylobacter spp. salmonella spp. and yersinia enterocolitica), parasites (coccidia, gastrointestinal nematodes and cryptosporidium spp.) and viruses (group a rotavirus and parvovirus). the prevalence of the enteropathogens in various animal species ...	2001	11340494
ruminant brain ribonucleases: expression and evolution.	molecular evolutionary analyses of mammalian ribonucleases have shown that gene duplication events giving rise to three paralogous genes occurred in ruminant ancestors. one of these genes encodes a ribonuclease identified in bovine brain. a peculiar feature of this enzyme and orthologous sequences in other ruminants are c-terminal extensions consisting of 17-27 amino acid residues. evidence was obtained by western blot analysis for the presence of brain-type ribonucleases in brain tissue not onl ...	2001	11343795
mutational analyses of cysteine residues of bovine dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 3.	the cloning, bacterial expression and purification of bovine liver cytosolic dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 3 (dd3) cdna (1330 bp in full length) using the pkk223-3 expression vector has been reported previously. recombinant dd3 (rdd3) was characterized in terms of its substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity [terada et al., adv. exp. biol. res. 414 (1997) 543-553]. the nucleotide sequence of dd3 cdna completely matched with that of bovine liver-type prostaglandin f synthase [suzuki et al., j. ...	2001	11343798
identification of four proteins from the small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome using a proteomics approach.	proteins in the small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. four individual proteins were subjected to in-gel endoprotease lys-c digestion. the sequences of selected proteolytic peptides were obtained by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. peptide sequences obtained from in-gel digestion of individual spots were used to screen human, mouse, and rat expressed sequence tag databases, and complete consensus cdnas for ...	2001	11344316
real time biodetection of individual pathogenic microorganisms in food and water.	the primary objective of this research is to examine the feasibility of using an innovative technique based on laser-induced fluorescence coupled with flow cytometry to detect pathogenic microorganisms in food or water in real time. our initial application is the rapid detection of e. coli o157:h7 in ground beef. the research performed demonstrated conclusively that this approach is feasible, and that the technique has key advantages over current alternatives including: it is (1) able to totally ...	2001	11347387
microbiological quality of australian sheep meat.	microbiological quality of sheep carcasses and boneless sheep meat produced in australia was surveyed during the period june to november 1998. sponge samples were collected from 917 carcasses, and meat samples were drilled from 467 cartons of frozen boneless meat. carcass and boneless meat samples were respectively collected from 7 and 10 establishments that concentrated on export, and from 36 and 5 establishments supplying the australian domestic market of which 31 were very small plants slaugh ...	2001	11348003
lack of antitumor activity of recombinant endostatin in a human neuroblastoma xenograft model.	patients with metastatic neuroblastoma are rarely curable with currently available therapy, and the search for new treatment options, which include the use of inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis, is warranted. here, we have evaluated the efficacy of one of the most promising natural inhibitors of angiogenesis described to date, endostatin, in a human neuroblastoma xenograft model in nude mice. murine endostatin cdna was cloned in a bacterial expression vector, expressed as a polyhis-endostatin fusi ...	2001	11349875
molecular characterisation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 strains isolated in poland.	ten escherichia coli o157 strains isolated from cattle and children in poland were investigated by the use of molecular biological methods. all strains possessed the intimin and enterohaemolysin genes and harboured the genetic determinants for stx2 toxin (five isolates), stx1 toxin (two strains) or both (three isolates). the genetic relatedness of the strains was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of chromosomal dna digested with xbal and notl. nine closely related rflp ...	2001	11356098
local and systemic effects of endotoxin mastitis on the chemiluminescence of milk and blood neutrophils in dairy cows.	the local and systemic effects of intramammary lipopolysaccharide (lps) injection on the chemiluminescence (cl) of milk and blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) were investigated in six healthy early lactation cows. clinical signs of acute mastitis such as fever, increased heart rate and a decreased milk production were observed in all cows. before lps challenge, the cl activity of milk pmn was significantly lower than that of blood pmn (p < 0.01). a significant negative correlation was foun ...	2001	11361149
the influence of plasma on the disinfecting activity of the new antimicrobial agent n-chlorotaurine-sodium in comparison with chloramine t.	the phenomenon of increasing bactericidal activity of n-chlorotaurine in the presence of chlorine-consuming material has been investigated both on a chemical-analytical and microbiological basis using plasma as substrate and chloramine t for comparison. chlorine consumption assessed by iodometric titration showed a biphasic time-course with a very fast loss of oxidation capacity within one minute (n-chlorotaurine: -9.3%, chloramine t: -16.8%) followed by a slow loss which could still be detected ...	2001	11370708
regulation of bovine e-selectin expression by recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha and lipopolysaccharide.	induction of adhesion molecules by cytokines and lps is an important mechanism of regulating leukocyte migration into tissue. expression and regulation of e-selectin may be differentially influenced by the stimuli involved with effects on mrna or surface protein kinetics. surface protein and mrna expression kinetics of bovine e-selectin were measured and compared in primary cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells (baec) stimulated for various periods of time with recombinant bovine tumor nec ...	2001	11389952
necrotoxigenic escherichia coli type-2 invade and cause diarrhoea during experimental infection in colostrum-restricted newborn calves.	there exists experimental evidence that necrotoxigenic escherichia coli (ntec) strains producing the cytotoxic necrotising factor 1 cause intestinal and extra-intestinal disease in piglets. on the other hand, no experimental model has been developed with ntec strains producing the cytotoxic necrotising factor 2. in all, 14 colostrum-restricted calves were orally challenged with two strains isolated from the faeces of a diarrheic calf (b20a) or from the heart blood of a septicaemic calf (1404). a ...	2001	11390113
the effect of various carbonate sources on the survival of escherichia coli in dairy cattle manure.	manure slurries (n = 3) prepared from the feces and urine of lactating dairy cattle (1 part urine, 2.2 parts feces, and 6.8 parts distilled water) had an initial ph of 8.6 +/- 0.1; dissolved carbonate concentrations of 48 +/- 4 mm, and escherichia coli counts of 5.9 +/- 0.7 logs per ml slurry. the ph of untreated slurries declined to ph 7.0 +/- 0.1 by the 10th day of incubation, and the e. coli count increased approximately 10-fold (p < 0.05). when slurries were treated with na2co3, k2co3, nahco ...	2001	11400074
influence of bacterial factors on proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells.	effects of bovine mastitis pathogen virulence factors on mammary epithelial cell function are not clearly understood. in this study, the effect of streptococcal lipoteichoic acid (lta), streptokinase, and escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) on proliferation of a primary bovine mammary epithelial cell culture (bte) and on an established bovine mammary epithelial cell line (mac-t) was evaluated. mammary epithelial cells were cultured in the presence of bacterial virulence factors for 48 h at ...	2001	11407018
zero-tolerance for faecal contamination of carcasses as a tool in the control of o157 vtec infections.	the dutch government, the meat producers organisation and the meat industry have recognised o157 vtec as an important public health hazard, and agreed on the necessity to improve the hygiene in dutch cattle- and calf-slaughtering establishments. this paper reports activities within a national action programme to achieve this objective, "zero-tolerance for faecal contamination during slaughter of cattle and calves". the study included inspection of hygienic performances in slaughterhouses, and vi ...	2001	11407542
effect of stress induced by suboptimal growth factors on survival of escherichia coli o157:h7.	this study investigated the growth and survival of e. coli o157:h7 exposed to a combination of suboptimal factors (22 degrees c, 7 degrees c, -18 degrees c/0.5% nacl, 5.0% nacl/ph 7.0, ph 5.4, ph 4.5/addition of lactic acid) in a simulation medium for red meat (beef gravy). prolonged survival was noted as the imposed stress was more severe, and as multiple growth factors became suboptimal. at a defined temperature (7 degrees c or -18 degrees c), survival was prolonged at the more acid, more subo ...	2001	11407545
faecal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 and carcass contamination in cattle at slaughter in northern italy.	a study on the prevalence of the faecal carriage of verocytotoxin (vt)-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 and on the rate of carcass contamination was carried out on feedlot cattle and dairy cows at slaughter in northern italy. between april 1998 and january 1999, 12 sampling visits were performed on different days in seven different slaughterhouses. at each visit, 5-12 animals consecutively slaughtered were selected. from each animal, faeces were collected from the rectum immediately after ...	2001	11407547
the control of vtec in the animal reservoir.	a great diversity of vtecs exist but only in the case of escherichia coli o157:h7, a common human foodborne pathogen, has sufficient research been done to allow generalizations about the ecology. the key features are as follows: lack of host specificity such that indistinguishable isolates can be found in a variety of species; near-ubiquitous distribution in cattle (and perhaps other ruminant) farms; transient residence in the gastrointestinal flora of individual animals that is not associated w ...	2001	11407550
occurrence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in fecal samples from children with diarrhea and from healthy zebu cattle in uganda.	fecal samples collected from 237 diarrheic infants in kampala, uganda and from 159 healthy cattle from a ranch in the central region of uganda were investigated for the presence of escherichia coli o157 and other types of shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec). e. coli o157 were not detected in 150 stool samples from children which were cultivated on sorbitol macconkey agar. a search for all types of stec performed on 87 additional human stool samples with an enzyme-immunoassay for shiga toxins (p ...	2001	11407553
a functioning chimera of the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain from the bovine retinal rod ion channel and the dna-binding domain from catabolite gene-activating protein.	the eukaryotic cyclic nucleotide-gated (cng) ion channels are a family of large membrane proteins activated by cytoplasmic cgmp or camp. their cyclic nucleotide-binding domain is structurally homologous with that of the catabolite gene-activator protein (cap), a soluble escherichia coli transcription factor. differences in ligand activation among sensory channels suggest differences in the underlying molecular mechanisms of signal readout. to study the structural, functional, and conformational ...	2001	11412099
aetiology of clinical mastitis in six somerset dairy herds.	clinical mastitis was monitored in six somerset dairy herds for one year. the herds all had three-month geometric mean bulk milk somatic cell counts of less than 250,000 cells/ml. escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen isolated on all the farms and in all months of the year. environmental pathogens accounted for 61.4 per cent of all cases of clinical mastitis and for 79.3 per cent of the mastitis cases in which an aetiological agent was identified. the mean annual incidence was 41.6 cases ...	2001	11425254
identification of methylated cpg motifs as inhibitors of the immune stimulatory cpg motifs.	the unmethylated cpg motifs within e. coli dna (ec) cause immune stimulation. in contrast, mammalian dna such as calf thymus (ct) dna had been thought to be immunologically inert. in this article, we demonstrate that ct dna unexpectedly specifically inhibits the immune activation by ec but not that by endotoxin. this inhibitory effect was mediated in the signaling pathway activated by ec since ct dna markedly inhibited the cpg-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factors, nf-kappab ...	2001	11438837
expression of bovine leukemia virus protein p24 in escherichia coli and its use in the immunoblotting assay.	the gag gene encoded protein, p24 of bovine leukemia virus (blv), was cloned and expressed as thioredoxin-6xhis-p24 protein in escherichia coli. the bacterial cells carrying plasmid pt7this-p24 expressed the protein of 38 kda that was detected by immunoblotting analysis using anti-p24 monoclonal antibodies and sera from blv infected cattle and sheep. the purified p24 fusion protein was shown to be sensitive and specific for detection of blv antibodies in the infected cattle.	2001	11440174
depletion study of trimethoprim and sulphadiazine in milk and its relationship with mastitis pathogenic bacteria strains minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) in dairy cows.	time-related concentrations in milk of a combination of trimethoprim-sulphadiazine (tmp-sdz) intramammary formulated infusion and its relationship with pathogenic bacteria strains minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) isolated from clinical mastitis cows were analysed. the mics study was performed for escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus sp. strains. the sdz concentrations in milk were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and tmp using a microbiolo ...	2001	11442781
fate of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt 104, and listeria monocytogenes in fresh meat decontamination fluids at 4 and 10 degrees c.	bacterial pathogens may colonize meat plants and increase food safety risks following survival, stress hardening, or proliferation in meat decontamination fluids (washings). the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt 104, and listeria monocytogenes to survive or grow in spray-washing fluids from fresh beef top rounds sprayed with water (10 or 85 degrees c) or acid solutions (2% lactic or acetic acid, 55 degrees c) during storage ...	2001	11456202
detection of antibodies to hypoderma lineatum in cattle by western blotting with recombinant hypodermin c antigen.	the cdna encoding the entire mature hypodermin c (hc) of hypoderma lineatum was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein using pgex vector. the recombinant hc protein (rhc) was tested by western blotting to detect antibodies to h. lineatum in cattle. western blotting with rhc as antigen clearly differentiated between h. lineatum-infested cattle sera and normal cattle sera. forty-six out of forty-eight serum samples from cattle in central mongolia wer ...	2001	11470181
reduced amide bond peptidomimetics. (4s)-n-(4-amino-5-[aminoakyl]aminopentyl)-n'-nitroguanidines, potent and highly selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.	selective inhibition of the isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (nos) could be therapeutically useful in the treatment of certain disease states arising from the overproduction of nitric oxide. recently, we reported nitroarginine-containing dipeptide amides (huang, h; martasek, p.; roman, l. j.; masters, b. s. s.; silverman, r. b. j. med. chem. 1999, 42, 3147.) and some peptidomimetic analogues (huang, h; martasek, p.; roman, l. j.; silverman, r.b. j. med chem. 2000, 43, 2938.) as potent and selec ...	2001	11472219
fibroblast growth factor-2 antagonist activity and angiostatic capacity of sulfated escherichia coli k5 polysaccharide derivatives.	the angiogenic basic fibroblast growth factor (fgf2) interacts with tyrosine kinase receptors (fgfrs) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (hspgs) in endothelial cells. here, we report the fgf2 antagonist and antiangiogenic activity of novel sulfated derivatives of the escherichia coli k5 polysaccharide. k5 polysaccharide was chemically sulfated in n- and/or o-position after n-deacetylation. o-sulfated and n,o-sulfated k5 derivatives with a low degree and a high degree of sulfation compete with hep ...	2001	11473122
a kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene family from trembling aspen (populus tremuloides michx.): cloning, functional expression, and induction by wounding and herbivory.	three kunitz trypsin inhibitor genes were isolated from trembling aspen (populus tremuloides) by pcr and cdna screening. based on sequence similarity, they were grouped into two classes. southern blots showed complex banding patterns and a high level of restriction fragment polymorphism between different aspen genotypes, suggesting that these trypsin inhibitors are members of a large, rapidly evolving gene family. one of the trypsin inhibitor genes, ptti2. was over-expressed in escherichia coli ...	2001	11488481
[escherichia coli o157 among the cattle on the polish territory].		2001	11496786
cloning, sequencing, and expression of the leukotoxin gene from fusobacterium necrophorum.	fusobacterium necrophorum is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium that is a primary or secondary etiological agent in a variety of necrotic purulent infections in animals and humans. included are diseases of cattle such as liver abscesses and foot rot, which have economically important consequences for the cattle industry. the major virulence factor of this bacterium is leukotoxin, a secreted protein of high molecular weight active against leukocytes from ruminants. the screening of ...	2001	11500416
absence of all components of the flagellar export and synthesis machinery differentially alters virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in models of typhoid fever, survival in macrophages, tissue culture invasiveness, and calf enterocolitis.	in this study, we constructed an flhd (the master flagellar regulator gene) mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and compared the virulence of the strain to that of the wild-type strain in a series of assays that included the mouse model of typhoid fever, the mouse macrophage survival assay, an intestinal epithelial cell adherence and invasion assay, and the calf model of enterocolitis. we found that the flhd mutant was more virulent than its parent in the mouse and displayed slight ...	2001	11500437
serological, colostral and milk responses of cows vaccinated with a single dose of a combined vaccine against rotavirus, coronavirus and escherichia coli f5 (k99).	twenty-five ayrshire/friesian cows were vaccinated once with a new combined vaccine against rotavirus, coronavirus and escherichia coli f5 (k99) or given a saline placebo 31 days before the first expected calving date. blood samples were taken from the cows at intervals from vaccination until seven days after calving and from their calves up to 28 days after birth, and colostrum and milk samples were collected from the cows at intervals for 28 days after calving. there was a significant increase ...	2001	11504200
antibodies inhibit prion propagation and clear cell cultures of prion infectivity.	prions are the transmissible pathogenic agents responsible for diseases such as scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. in the favoured model of prion replication, direct interaction between the pathogenic prion protein (prpsc) template and endogenous cellular prion protein (prpc) is proposed to drive the formation of nascent infectious prions. reagents specifically binding either prion-protein conformer may interrupt prion production by inhibiting this interaction. we examined the ability ...	2001	11507642
home-style beef jerky: effect of four preparation methods on consumer acceptability and pathogen inactivation.	the safety of homemade jerky continues to be questioned. producing a safe product that retains acceptable quality attributes is important. lethality of salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes as well as consumer acceptability and sensory attributes of jerky prepared by four methods were examined. preparation methods were drying marinated strips at 60 degrees c (representing a traditional method), boiling strips in marinade or heating in an oven to 71 degrees c prior to d ...	2001	11510659
acid phosphatase activity and color changes in consumer-style griddle-cooked ground beef patties.	the u.s. department of agriculture and the food and drug administration have issued temperature requirements to help consumers cook beef patty products that are free of pathogens. verification of end-point temperature (ept) is needed in cooked meat products due to concerns over outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7. acid phosphatase (acp) activity was studied as a potential method for determination of ept in ground beef patties cooked nonfrozen, patties frozen 7 days and thawed at room temperatu ...	2001	11510660
bactericidal kinetics of 3 lactoferricins against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli.	bovine lactoferricin is an antimicrobial, cationic peptide generated upon gastric pepsin cleavage of bovine lactoferrin. we investigated the bactericidal effects of native lactoferricin [lfcin b(17-41)], a shortened derivative [lfcin b(17-31)] and the all-d-amino acid counterpart of lfcin b(17-31) against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. the results revealed different activities for the peptides against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. d-lfcin b(17-31) was the most efficient pept ...	2001	11515760
endotoxin induces delayed ovulation following endocrine aberration during the proestrous phase in holstein heifers.	the effect of endotoxin on follicular growth and on secretion of lh, estradiol-17beta, progesterone and cortisol during the proestrous phase in cattle was investigated. holstein heifers were treated with pgf2alpha at 11-13 d after ovulation to induce luteolysis. at 42 hr after pgf2alpha treatment, heifers were administered either lipopolysaccharide (lps; escherichia coli, o111:b4, 5 microg/kg, n = 6) or saline (control; n = 6) by i.v. bolus injection. ovarian structures were monitored daily by t ...	2001	11518620
genotypic analyses of escherichia coli o157:h7 and o157 nonmotile isolates recovered from beef cattle and carcasses at processing plants in the midwestern states of the united states.	escherichia coli o157:h7 and o157 nonmotile isolates (e. coli o157) previously were recovered from feces, hides, and carcasses at four large midwestern beef processing plants (r. o. elder, j. e. keen, g. r. siragusa, g. a. barkocy-gallagher, m. koohmaraie, and w. w. laegreid, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 97:2999-3003, 2000). the study implied relationships between cattle infection and carcass contamination within single-source lots as well as between preevisceration and postprocessing carcass cont ...	2001	11525971
escherichia coli induces apoptosis and proliferation of mammary cells.	mammary cell apoptosis and proliferation were assessed after injection of escherichia coli into the left mammary quarters of six cows. bacteriological analysis of foremilk samples revealed coliform infection in the injected quarters of four cows. milk somatic cell counts increased in these quarters and peaked at 24 h after bacterial injection. body temperature also increased, peaking at 12 h postinjection. the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the mastitic tissue than in the ...	2001	11526434
molecular cloning, expression and modelling of cat allergen, cystatin (fel d 3), a cysteine protease inhibitor.	cats are an important source of indoor allergens. however, only two cat allergens, fel d 1 and albumin, have been cloned and sequenced. ige antibodies to fel d 1 and albumin do not fully account for ige responses to cat and there is good immunochemical evidence that cats produce other allergens.	2001	11529899
irreversible inhibition of pig kidney copper-containing amine oxidase by sodium and lithium ions.	copper amine oxidase was found to be inhibited in a complex way by small alkali metal ions. classic enzyme kinetic studies showed that li+ and na+ were weak noncompetitive inhibitors, whereas the larger alkali metals k+, rb+ and cs+ were not inhibitors. however, freezing in the presence of na+ or li+ surprisingly resulted in complete and irreversible inactivation. in the case of li+, it was possible to show that one ion per subunit was retained permanently in the inactivated enzyme, suggesting a ...	2001	11532005
quinolone resistance in potentially pathogenic and non-pathogenic escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy ruminants.	quinolone resistance was studied in potentially pathogenic and non-pathogenic escherichia coli strains from healthy ruminants. in cattle, 5.9% of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid and 4.9% were resistant to enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, whereas in sheep and goats only 0.5% and 1.4%, respectively, of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid and none to fluoroquinolones. most of the strains resistant to quinolones were non-pathogenic strains isolated from cattle. however, the resu ...	2001	11533010