Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease (erd) made simple. | atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease (erd) were serious diseases that resulted from exposure of children immunized with inactivated vaccines against measles virus (mv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to the respective wild-type agents in the 1960s. although the clinical manifestations of both illnesses were different, the immune responses elicited and primed for by the vaccines shared important similarities. both vaccines failed to elicit long-lived protective ... | 2007 | 17515829 |
| rsv mediates pseudomonas aeruginosa binding to cystic fibrosis and normal epithelial cells. | cystic fibrosis lung disease typically has a course of exacerbations and remissions, suggesting that external factors like viral infections can influence this course. clinical data suggest synergism between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease. we studied the influence of rsv infection on adherence of p. aeruginosa to ib3-1, hep-2, and a549 epithelial cell monolayers in vitro. rsv infection of epithelial cells as well as sim ... | 2007 | 17515861 |
| coupled translation of the second open reading frame of m2 mrna is sequence dependent and differs significantly within the subfamily pneumovirinae. | coupled translation, first described in the m2 gene of pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), is an alternative mechanism of translational initiation in which the ribosomes which translate the first (m2-1) open reading frame (orf) move a short distance upstream after termination and reinitiate translation from a second (m2-2) overlapping orf. here, we show that the same mechanism occurs in two closely related viruses, avian pneumovirus (apv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), although wi ... | 2007 | 17522208 |
| hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus infection and neuromuscular impairment face an increased risk of a complicated course. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of viral respiratory tract infection in children. in contrast to other confirmed risk factors that predispose to a higher morbidity and mortality, the particular risk of a preexisting neuromuscular impairment (nmi) in hospitalized children with rsv infection has not been prospectively studied in a multicenter trial. | 2007 | 17529864 |
| antibiotic use in children is not influenced by the result of rapid antigen detection test for the respiratory syncytial virus. | rapid antigen detection test (radt) for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is widely used in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection (arti), but its influence on antibiotic (ab) use is uncertain. | 2007 | 17532258 |
| high-throughput, sensitive, and accurate multiplex pcr-microsphere flow cytometry system for large-scale comprehensive detection of respiratory viruses. | human respiratory viruses are a diverse group of pathogens composed of hundreds of virus strains, and this presents a major challenge for diagnostic laboratories. to efficiently detect numerous viruses in a large epidemiologic study, we developed a fast, multitarget, sensitive, and specific assay named the respiratory multicode-plx assay (rma). the rma utilizes improved multiplex pcr chemistry (eragen multicode-plx technology) coupled with high-throughput microsphere flow cytometry (luminex). ei ... | 2007 | 17537928 |
| post-infection a77-1726 blocks pathophysiologic sequelae of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | despite respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis remaining the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants worldwide, treatment has progressed little in the past 30 years. the aim of our study was to determine whether post-infection administration of de novo pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors could prevent the reduction in alveolar fluid clearance (afc) and hypoxemia that occurs at day 2 after intranasal infection of balb/c mice with rsv. balb/c mice were infected intrana ... | 2007 | 17541010 |
| [association between interleukin-8 gene-251 locus polymorphism and respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and post-bronchiolitis wheezing in infants]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects nearly all children under two years of age. it is not understood why some develop serious bronchiolitis. whether there is a genetic component is not known. the nature of the association between rsv bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing remains unknown. interleukin-8 (il-8) is a potent neutrophil chemokine and activator, which plays a role in virus-induced wheezing diseases. the purpose of this study was to assess the genetic association between the il-8 ... | 2007 | 18282421 |
| [epidemiological study on respiratory syncytial virus and its bronchopneumonia among children in suzhou]. | to probe the epidemiological trend of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and cellular immunological change of rsv bronchopneumonia among children in suzhou in the past five years. | 2007 | 18206007 |
| [respiratory virus expression in renal tissues and urine of children with steroid responsive simple nephrotic syndrome]. | to explore the relationship between respiratory virus infection and the episode of steroid responsive simple nephrotic syndrome (srsns). | 2007 | 18095598 |
| [techniques used for the diagnostic of upper and lower respiratory tract viral infections]. | techniques used for the diagnostic of upper and lower respiratory tract viral infections techniques used for the diagnostic of upper and lower respiratory tract viral infections include conventional procedures and the new molecular tools. serology has no interest for diagnosis. antigen detection can be carried out by simple, easy and cheap tools. they are available at hospital and in community practice as well for the detection of influenza virus, rsv, hmpv, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. t ... | 2007 | 18095623 |
| [utility of real time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection among adult patients]. | viral respiratory infections (vri) are a frequent cause of morbidity among adult population. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produces 20%> of vri, however diagnosis is limited for a low sensitivity of conventional (fda and elisa) tests. aim: to assess the impact of real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real time rt-pcr) technique in rsv diagnosis in adult hospitalized patients; to characterize rsv infection among these patients. | 2007 | 18180817 |
| temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet b radiation predict community respiratory syncytial virus activity. | to obtain knowledge of how meteorological conditions affect community epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, rsv activity was recorded year-round in 9 cities that differ markedly in geographic location and climate. local weather conditions were correlated with weekly or monthly rsv cases. similar reports from other areas varying in climate were also reviewed. results demonstrated that for all sites combined, weekly rsv activity was related to temperature in a bimodal fashion, ... | 2007 | 18090197 |
| diagnostic assays for respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the united states and worldwide is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and increased healthcare costs. effective diagnosis of viral respiratory infections, as well as recognition and understanding of the benefits and limitations of diagnostic laboratory testing, is essential. serology is not useful for diagnosing acute respiratory illness. antigen-based assays are widely available, easy to use, provid ... | 2007 | 18090198 |
| variation in timing of respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks: lessons from national surveillance. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and children. immune prophylaxis can reduce the risk of severe rsv disease among some high-risk infants. a summary and update of analyses using national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss) data is provided to explore using surveillance data to better define the timing of rsv activity and rsv immune prophylaxis. the methodology used was that outlined in a study by mullins et al ... | 2007 | 18090199 |
| respiratory syncytial virus season and hospitalizations in the alaskan yukon-kuskokwim delta. | from 1993 to 1996, alaska native infants younger than 1 year of age from the yukon-kuskokwim delta region in alaska experienced a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rate 5 times higher than the u.s. general infant population rate. this article describes the trends in hospitalization and prolonged annual season of rsv hospitalizations in yukon-kuskokwim children from 1993 to 2004 and discusses factors associated with high rates of rsv hospitalization and the impact of interventions ... | 2007 | 18090200 |
| respiratory syncytial virus laboratory surveillance and hospitalization trends in south texas. | surveillance of seasonal variations in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreaks is an important component in clinical decision-making. a retrospective analysis of 11 years of laboratory-based rsv surveillance and 7 years of hospitalization data was carried out to better define the onset and duration of the rsv season in south texas, as well as to evaluate the clinical impact and timing of rsv outbreaks on the number of infants hospitalized with rsv infection. all but one of the seasons examin ... | 2007 | 18090201 |
| respiratory syncytial virus seasonality in southeast florida: results from three area hospitals caring for children. | southeast florida generally experiences longer seasonal epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) than other parts of the country. in this report, the primary objective was to more accurately define the onset, peak, and duration of the rsv season in southeast florida. the results obtained for this region were also compared with those reported for the state and for the nation. seasonal patterns for rsv in southeast florida were analyzed based on the total number of rsv tests performed, numbe ... | 2007 | 18090202 |
| [surveillance on human metapneumovirus in infants and children with acute respiratory infections in beijing, from 2004 to 2006]. | to understand the prevalence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in infants and young children in beijing, china. | 2007 | 18069558 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and recurrent wheezing: what next? | recent literature has provided evidence of a link between early rsv infection and chronic respiratory morbidity (recurrent wheezing, reactive airway disease and asthma). the mechanism of this association is not well understood but both genetic and environmental factors are involved. the classical studies from sweden, tucson and finland are briefly summarized. moreover new data concerning a recent multi-center international study on this topic are presented. the study, which enrolled 191 preterm ... | 2007 | 18073170 |
| bronchiolitis: the new american academy of pediatrics guidelines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in young children worldwide. rsv is an important cause of lrti in infants and a variety of factors, such as gender, age at admission, gestational age, birth weight, and exposure to tobacco smoke and breast feeding may affect the prevalence of rsv-related disease and, possibly, the risk of developing asthma-like symptoms during the school years. aap in 2006 formulated the new gu ... | 2007 | 18073171 |
| the similarities and differences of epidemic cycles of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma exacerbations. | the majority of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and asthma exacerbations in both children and adults are associated with respiratory viral infections and are cyclic in nature. some variation in these cycles is associated with the timing of the appearance of respiratory viruses, particularly influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. much more, however, is associated with signal events that are of either fixed or predictable timing. in children, asthma exacerbations reach epidemic le ... | 2007 | 18073388 |
| innate immunity in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is a serious and distressing illness, which occurs almost exclusively in infants under one year of age. although the majority of all children will have experienced an infection with rsv by the time they reach their second birthday, only a minority develop bronchiolitis. it is unclear why some otherwise healthy infants develop this severe illness and many studies have investigated whether or not this relates to an over-exuberant immunological respon ... | 2007 | 18075829 |
| brief report: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, july 2006-november 2007. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease among infants and young children, typically infects persons by age 2 years and can cause subsequent infections throughout life. rsv infection primarily manifests as bronchiolitis or pneumonia and results in approximately 75,000 to 125,000 hospitalizations in the united states each year. persons at increased risk for severe disease or death include premature infants, older adults, and persons of any ... | 2007 | 18059258 |
| the effect of interleukin-18 on airway inflammation in asthmatic murine models and its mechanisms. | in order to investigate the effect of interleukin-18 (il-18) on airway inflammation in asthmatic murine models and its mechanisms, balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each group): group a (control group); group b (asthmatic model group); group c (il-18-treated group). the asthmatic model was established in groups b and c by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) killed by ultraviolet. saline solution (0.1 ml) and il-18 (0.1 ml, 1 microg) were intraperitoneally injected respec ... | 2007 | 18060620 |
| influence of a single viral epitope on t cell response and disease after infection of mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | ctl are important for virus clearance but also contribute to immunopathology after the infection of balb/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the pulmonary immune response to rsv is dominated by a ctl population directed against the ctl epitope m2-1 82-90. infection with a virus carrying an m2-1 n89a mutation introduced by reverse genetics failed to activate this immunodominant ctl population, leading to a significant decrease in the overall antiviral ctl response. there was no compens ... | 2007 | 18056370 |
| cd8+ t cell responses in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infants with severe primary respiratory syncytial virus infections. | a protective role for cd8+ t cells during viral infections is generally accepted, but little is known about how cd8+ t cell responses develop during primary infections in infants, their efficacy, and how memory is established after viral clearance. we studied cd8+ t cell responses in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples and blood of infants with a severe primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. rsv-specific cd8+ t cells with an activated effector cell phenotype: cd27+cd28+cd45ro+ccr7 ... | 2007 | 18056387 |
| severe bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus among young children in hawaii. | lower respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality among children worldwide. our objective was to describe the incidence and epidemiology of severe bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and pneumonia among children in hawaii. | 2007 | 18043442 |
| intravenous palivizumab and ribavirin combination for respiratory syncytial virus disease in high-risk pediatric patients. | risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease include prematurity, congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, and immunocompromised states. there is no consensus concerning the most effective therapy for severe rsv infection in high-risk patients. palivizumab is approved for prevention of rsv disease, and ribavirin is approved for treatment of rsv infections but its efficacy in high-risk patients has not been conclusively established. | 2007 | 18043443 |
| interleukin (il)-18 polymorphism 133c/g is associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants. during the course of rsv infection, predominant t helper cell (th) 2 response is associated with disease progression, whereas predominant th1 reaction provides convalescence. interleukin (il)-18 plays an important role in adjusting the th1/th2 immune response to viral infections. thus, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in il-18 were associated with severe rsv-associated diseases. | 2007 | 18043444 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein expressed by recombinant sendai virus elicits b-cell and t-cell responses in cotton rats and confers protection against rsv subtypes a and b. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious pediatric pathogen for which there is currently no clinically approved vaccine. this report describes the design and testing of a new rsv vaccine construct (rsv-rsv-f), created by the recombination of an rsv f sequence with the murine parainfluenza virus-type 1 (sendai virus, sv) genome. sv was selected as the vaccine backbone for this study, because it has previously been shown to elicit high-magnitude, durable immune activities in animal studi ... | 2007 | 18037543 |
| human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus detection in young children with acute bronchiolitis. | this study was conducted to detect human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in young children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 170 children between 1 and 24 months of age admitted to two tertiary hospitals in northeastern thailand, between 2002 and 2004. acute bronchiolitis was defined as the first episode of wheezing associated with tachypnea, increased r ... | 2007 | 18035801 |
| [clinical characteristics of 12 persistently wheezing children with human bocavirus infection]. | the impact of human bocavirus (hbov), a newly identified human parvovirus, on childhood persistent wheezing has not been identified. in this study, the clinical features of infantile persistent wheezing induced by hbov was analyzed. | 2007 | 18211753 |
| monoclonal antibodies against viruses and bacteria: a survey of patents. | antibodies have a long, successful and yet bumpy history of effectiveness against viruses and bacteria. polyclonal antibodies have a century-old history of being effective against some viruses and bacteria; recently, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have also shown success. the humanized mab synagis (palivizumab), which is still the only mab against a viral disease approved by the u.s. food and drug administration (fda), has been widely used as a prophylactic measure against respiratory syncytial vi ... | 2007 | 18221173 |
| [respiratory virus in children aged less than 10 years old suffering from respiratory infection in the hospital militar central in bogota from 2000-2001]. | a study was carried out on children seeking medical care at the hospital militar (hosmil) in bogota due to acute respiratory infection; it was aimed at estimating the frequency of respiratory virus-associated acute respiratory disease (ard) in children aged under 10. | 2007 | 18209824 |
| lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus in infants: the role played by specific antibodies. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major etiological agent of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. genotypes of this virus and the role of the infants' serum antibodies have yet to be fully clarified. this knowledge is important for the development of effective therapeutic and prophylactic measures. | 2007 | 18209912 |
| type i interferon regulates respiratory virus infected dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production. | activation of dendritic cells (dcs) by viruses is critical for both innate and adaptive immune responses. in this report, we investigated the role of type i interferon (ifn) in the activation of dcs by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). using dcs from type i ifnr-/- mice, these studies indicate that maturation, including upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and optimal cytokine production, by rsv infection was dependent on type i ifn receptor signaling. subsequently, studies using dcs from w ... | 2007 | 18158727 |
| sensitive commercial nasba assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimen. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the usability of three diagnostic procedures for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical samples. therefore, the fda cleared ce marked now(r) rsv elisa, the nuclisens easyq rsv a+b nasba, and a literature based inhouse rt-pcr protocol were compared for their relative sensitivities. thereby, nasba turned out to be the most sensitive method with a total number of 80 rsv positive samples out of a cohort of 251 nasopharyngeal washings from patien ... | 2007 | 18159240 |
| impact of respiratory syncytial virus on hospital admissions in children younger than 3 years of age. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the main pathogen associated to acute respiratory infections (ari) in children worldwide. | 2007 | 16580073 |
| an aetiopathological study of chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs in ireland. | chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs, also known as 'atypical' or 'chronic, non-progressive' pneumonia is a common, frequently sub-clinical disease affecting animals under 12-months-old in intensive production systems. infection with both mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and mannheimia haemolytica have been implicated in the aetiology of this condition and a variety of pulmonary lesions can result. in this study, detailed laboratory examination of 30 abattoir-derived lungs with the characteristic gross fea ... | 2007 | 16632391 |
| evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus detection by rapid antigen tests in childhood. | rapid and reliable diagnosis is crucial for clinical management of respiratory syncytial virus infection in childhood. we assessed the performance characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus antigen immunoassays in children hospitalized for respiratory infection. | 2007 | 16865653 |
| modelling the unidentified mortality burden from thirteen infectious pathogenic microorganisms in infants. | official statistics routinely underestimate mortality from specific microorganisms and deaths are assigned to non-specific syndromes. here we estimate mortality attributed to specific pathogens by modelling non-specific infant deaths from laboratory reports and codes on death certificates for these pathogens, 1993-2000 in england and wales using a generalized linear model. in total, 22.4-59.8% of non-specific deaths in infants (25-66 deaths a year) are attributable to specific pathogens. yearly ... | 2007 | 16740187 |
| timing of monoclonal antibody for seasonal rsv prophylaxis in the united kingdom. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection produces more severe disease and increased hospitalization rates in high-risk babies. the monoclonal antibody palivizumab offers protection against complications, and the first of five monthly doses should be administered before the onset of community rsv activity. however, the required real-time prediction of this onset is problematic. we attempted to identify seasonal rsv patterns by retrospectively examining 10 years of laboratory reports for rsv an ... | 2007 | 16753078 |
| characterization of human metapneumovirus infection of myeloid dendritic cells. | recent in vivo studies suggest that hmpv is a poor inducer of inflammatory cytokines and that clinical symptoms may not be related to immune-mediated pathogenesis as it has been proposed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza 3 (hpf3). dendritic cells (dcs) are specialized antigen presenting cells, and very effective at inducing specific ctls after encountering invading viruses. interactions of hmpv with dcs have not been characterized. we hypothesized that the relatively ... | 2007 | 16959282 |
| acute otitis media and respiratory viruses. | the present study was performed to elucidate the clinical outcome, and etiology of acute otitis media (aom) in children based on virologic and bacteriologic tests. the study group consisted of 120 children aged 6 to 144 months with aom. middle ear fluid (mef) was tested for viral pathogens by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and for bacteria by gram-staining and culture. clinical response was assessed on day 2 to 4, 11 to 13, 26 to 28. respiratory viruses were isolated in ... | 2007 | 16967296 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibits interferon-alpha-inducible signaling in macrophage-like u937 cells. | monocytes become susceptible to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection when pretreated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma). the molecular mechanism underlying this observation is poorly understood, but may be related to inhibition of type i interferon (ifn) signaling by rsv in epithelial cells. herein, we have investigated the putative role of suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) in the ifn-inducible antiviral response in u937 cells. upon rsv infection of macrophage-like u937 cell ... | 2007 | 16978698 |
| immunopathology of rsv infection: prospects for developing vaccines without this complication. | respiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. rsv clinical disease varies from rhinitis and otitis media to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. an increased incidence of asthma later in life has been associated with the more severe lower respiratory tract infections. despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine against rsv. this is due to a number of factors complicating the development of an effective a ... | 2007 | 17004293 |
| the severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in young infants in the united arab emirates. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) respiratory infections are very common during infancy and account for the majority of hospitalizations during the fall and winter seasons. patients vary in the severity of their illnesses, with most hospitalized patients needing oxygen and intravenous fluids. the objective of this study was to assess in hospitalized patients the severity of the disease in relation to age. we compared children who were <90 days old with children who were >90 days old for the dura ... | 2007 | 17008442 |
| clarithromycin in the treatment of rsv bronchiolitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. to date, there is no effective therapy for rsv bronchiolitis. in order to investigate the efficacy of clarithromycin in the treatment of rsv bronchiolitis, the present authors conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing clarithromycin with placebo in 21 infants with a diagnosis of rsv bronchiolitis. the infants were randomised to receive clarithromycin or ... | 2007 | 17050564 |
| identification of linear heparin-binding peptides derived from human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein that inhibit infectivity. | it has been shown previously that the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-f) interacts with cellular heparan sulfate. synthetic overlapping peptides derived from the f-protein sequence of rsv subtype a (strain a2) were tested for their ability to bind heparin using heparin-agarose affinity chromatography (haac). this evaluation identified 15 peptides representing eight linear heparin-binding domains (hbds) located within f1 and f2 and spanning the protease cleavage acti ... | 2007 | 17050595 |
| viral infection of the lungs through the eye. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the foremost respiratory pathogen in newborns and claims millions of lives annually. however, there has been no methodical study of the pathway(s) of entry of rsv or its interaction with nonrespiratory tissues. we and others have recently established a significant association between allergic conjunctivitis and the presence of rsv in the eye. here we adopt a balb/c mouse model and demonstrate that when instilled in the live murine eye, rsv not only replicated ... | 2007 | 17050596 |
| diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus infection using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major causative agent of lower respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly. a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed assay to amplify the genome of rsv subgroups a and b, in order to improve current diagnostic methods for rsv infection. the primer sets for rt-lamp were designed using highly conserved nucleotide sequences in the matrix protein region of subgroups a and b, and were specific for ... | 2007 | 17052763 |
| bronchiolitis to asthma: a review and call for studies of gene-virus interactions in asthma causation. | viral infections are important causes of asthma exacerbations in children, and lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis), caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus (rv), are a leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants. infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis are at significantly increased risk for both recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma. to date, studies addressing the incidence of asthma after bronchiolitis severe enough to warrant hospitalization have foc ... | 2007 | 17053206 |
| synergistically upregulated interleukin-10 production in cocultures of monocytes and t cells after stimulation with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is known as a causal factor of severe bronchiolitis in young children. it has also been detected in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), a disease that is associated with an increased number of t cells in the bronchial mucosa. here, we investigated the potential direct interaction between rsv and t cells and its impact on cytokine response. | 2007 | 17057409 |
| influenza- and rsv-associated hospitalizations among adults. | we estimated influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated hospitalizations by age, high-risk status and outcome, during the 1996/1997-1999/2000 respiratory seasons among adults who did not receive influenza vaccine. using three health maintenance organization (hmo) databases and local viral surveillance data, we identified weeks when influenza and rsv were circulating and estimated influenza- and rsv-associated hospitalizations. persons aged > or = 65 years with and without high-r ... | 2007 | 17074423 |
| etiology of respiratory disease in non-vaccinated, non-medicated calves in rearing herds. | the aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of bacterial, mycoplasmal and viral pathogens in the lower respiratory tract of calves in all-in all-out calf-rearing units. according to clinical status, non-medicated calves with and without respiratory disease signs were selected of the 40 herds investigated to analyse the micro-organisms present in healthy and diseased calves. tracheobronchial lavage (tbl) and paired serum samples were analysed for bacteria, mycoplasmas, respiratory syncyti ... | 2007 | 17084565 |
| genetic studies of the beta-hairpin loop of rous sarcoma virus capsid protein. | the first few residues of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) ca protein comprise a structurally dynamic region that forms part of a gag-gag interface in immature virus particles. dissociation of this interaction during maturation allows refolding and formation of a beta-hairpin structure important for assembly of ca monomers into the mature capsid shell. a consensus binding site for the cellular ubc9 protein was previously identified within this region, suggesting that binding of ubc9 and subsequent s ... | 2007 | 17093186 |
| a member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides is produced in the upper airway of the chinchilla and its mrna expression is altered by common viral and bacterial co-pathogens of otitis media. | cationic antimicrobial peptides (amps), a component of the innate immune system, play a major role in defense of mucosal surfaces against a wide spectrum of microorganisms such as viral and bacterial co-pathogens of the polymicrobial disease otitis media (om). to further understand the role of amps in om, we cloned a cdna encoding a cathelicidin homolog (ccramp) from upper respiratory tract (urt) mucosae of the chinchilla, the predominant host used to model experimental om. recombinant ccramp ex ... | 2007 | 17113647 |
| human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in older children with cystic fibrosis. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been isolated from children with acute respiratory infection worldwide. its epidemiology remains to be defined in children with cystic fibrosis (cf). we describe the epidemiology and clinical impact of hmpv in cf children and compared it to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2007 | 17123316 |
| solution structure of the rous sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein: mupsi rna packaging signal complex. | the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of retroviral genomes contains elements required for genome packaging during virus assembly. for many retroviruses, the packaging elements reside in non-contiguous segments that span most or all of the 5'-utr. the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) is an exception, in that its genome can be packaged efficiently by a relatively short, 82 nt segment of the 5'-utr called mupsi. the rsv 5'-utr also contains three translational start codons (aug-1, aug-2 and aug-3) that have ... | 2007 | 17070546 |
| retinoic acid-inducible gene i mediates early antiviral response and toll-like receptor 3 expression in respiratory syncytial virus-infected airway epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common viral pathogens causing severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. infected host cells detect and respond to rna viruses using different mechanisms in a cell-type-specific manner, including retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-dependent and toll-like receptor (tlr)-dependent pathways. because the relative contributions of these two pathways in the recognition of rsv infection are unknown, we examined thei ... | 2007 | 17108032 |
| the histopathology of fatal untreated human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the pathology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was evaluated 1 day after an outpatient diagnosis of rsv in a child who died in a motor vehicle accident. we then identified 11 children with bronchiolitis from the vanderbilt university autopsy log between 1925 and 1959 who met criteria for possible rsv infection in the preintensivist era. their tissue was re-embedded and evaluated by routine hematoxylin and eosin and pas staining and immunostaining with rsv-specific antibodies. tissu ... | 2007 | 17143259 |
| nonstructural proteins of respiratory syncytial virus suppress premature apoptosis by an nf-kappab-dependent, interferon-independent mechanism and facilitate virus growth. | the two nonstructural (ns) proteins ns1 and ns2 of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are abundantly expressed in the infected cell but are not packaged in mature progeny virions. we found that both proteins were expressed early in infection, whereas the infected cells underwent apoptosis much later. coincident with ns protein expression, a number of cellular antiapoptotic factors were expressed or activated at early stages, which included nf-kappab and phosphorylated forms of protein kinases akt ... | 2007 | 17151097 |
| respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitors. part 4: optimization for oral bioavailability. | a series of benzimidazole-based inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion were optimized for antiviral potency, membrane permeability and metabolic stability in human liver microsomes. 1-cyclopropyl-1,3-dihydro-3-[[1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]methyl]-2h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one (6m, bms-433771) was identified as a potent rsv inhibitor demonstrating good bioavailability in the mouse, rat, dog and cynomolgus monkey that demonstrated antiviral activity in the balb/c and ... | 2007 | 17169560 |
| the nine c-terminal amino acids of the respiratory syncytial virus protein p are necessary and sufficient for binding to ribonucleoprotein complexes in which six ribonucleotides are contacted per n protein protomer. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) phosphoprotein (p) is a major polymerase co-factor that interacts with both the large polymerase fragment (l) and the nucleoprotein (n). the n-binding domain of rsv p has been investigated by co-expression of rsv p and n proteins in escherichia coli. pull-down assays performed with a series of truncated forms of p fused to glutathione s-transferase (gst) revealed that the region comprising the last nine c-terminal amino acid residues of p (233-dndlsledf-241) ... | 2007 | 17170452 |
| tissue-specific regulation of cd8+ t-lymphocyte immunodominance in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) are critical for control of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in humans and mice. to investigate cellular immune responses to infection, it is important to identify major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted ctl epitopes. in this study, we identified a new rsv-specific, h-2k(d)-restricted subdominant epitope in the m2 protein, m2(127-135) (amino acids 127 to 135). this finding allowed us to study the frequency of t lymphocytes responding to ... | 2007 | 17182672 |
| comparison of cepheid's analyte-specific reagents with bd directigen for detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the bd directigen rsv rapid antigen assay was compared to cepheid's real-time reverse transcriptase pcr rsv analyte-specific reagents. the directigen rsv assay resulted in a 23% false-negative rate, using pcr and chart review as the gold standard, indicating that rapid rsv pcr results would be advantageous. | 2007 | 17182755 |
| cost effectiveness of palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in high-risk children: a uk analysis. | to assess the cost effectiveness of palivizumab (a preventative treatment against severe respiratory syncytial virus [rsv] infection) in children at high risk of hospitalisation, i.e. preterm infants < or = 35 weeks gestation, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) and children with congenital heart disease (chd). | 2007 | 17192118 |
| prednisolone reduces recurrent wheezing after a first wheezing episode associated with rhinovirus infection or eczema. | rhinovirus-induced early wheezing has been suggested as a new important risk factor for recurrent wheezing. | 2007 | 17196244 |
| respiratory syncytial virus nephropathy in rats. | the pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (mcns) remains unclear. respiratory tract viruses could contribute to mcns, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common one. in this study, we planned to investigate the effects of rsv on the proteinuria and glomerular structure of rats and to explore the role of rsv in the pathogenesis of mcns. rats were inoculated with 6 x 10(2), 10(4), and 10(6) pfu (plaque-forming units) rsv and killed on days 4, 8, 14, 28, and 60 postinocula ... | 2007 | 17200682 |
| a 1-year prospective study of the infectious etiology in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of copd. | infection is a major cause of acute exacerbations of copd (aecopds). we aimed to study the infectious etiology related to aecopd. | 2007 | 17218555 |
| consideration of the three-dimensional structure of core shells (capsids) in spherical retroviruses. | the problem of three-dimensional organization of retroviral cores has been a matter of interest for the past 30 years. the general opinion in favor of icosahedral symmetry based on electron microscopy observations was questioned when cryo-electron microscopy failed to provide convincing evidence in its favor. more recent studies by cryo-electron microscopy, x-ray crystallography and in vitro assembly of the ca domain of human immuno deficiency virus (hiv), murine leukemia virus (mulv) and rous s ... | 2007 | 17223564 |
| [valproate sodium and zonisamide associated interstitial pneumonitis in an infant]. | a six month-old female infant developed dyspnea when she was treated with valproate sodium (vpa) and zonisamide (zns) for epileptic spasms. two weeks after its onset, her dyspnea was exacerbated by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we diagnosed interstitial pneumonitis (ip) based on her chest ct and high serum concentrations of kl-6 and surfactant protein d. her dyspnea improved with the treatment which included steroids, neutrophil elastase inhibitor and discontinuation of vpa and zn ... | 2007 | 17228818 |
| prospective comparison of r-mix shell vial system with direct antigen tests and conventional cell culture for respiratory virus detection. | conventional cell culture (cc) has limited clinical utility as a result of the extended incubation period often required for virus isolation. alternative methodologies have been introduced in an effort to improve turnaround times. one such system, the r-mix shell vial is discussed herein. the study objectives were: (a) to establish r-mix testing parameters as compared to direct antigen testing (dat) and cc, and (b) to assess technical aspects and cost of r-mix in a high volume clinical virology ... | 2007 | 17229589 |
| age-related differences in pulmonary cytokine response to respiratory syncytial virus infection: modulation by anti-inflammatory and antiviral treatment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. recently, rsv has also been recognized as a serious health risk in elderly individuals, but the pathogenesis of rsv infection in elderly individuals remains unknown. | 2007 | 17230410 |
| herpes simplex virus (hsv) pneumonia in a heart transplant: diagnosis and therapy. | organ transplants are frequently complicated by viral infections. the period of maximum immunosuppression, 1 to 6 months posttransplantation, predisposes one to intracellular pathogens. the most common intracellular viral pathogens in transplant recipients include cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). cytomegalovirus and hsv are common viral pathogens in the early transplant period (0-1 month posttransplant). although respiratory syncytial viru ... | 2007 | 17234480 |
| lack of long-term effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection on airway function in mice. | epidemiological data suggests lower respiratory infections (lri) with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are capable of causing long-term abnormalities in airway function. to directly test the effects of rsv lri, we infected adult and weanling balb/c mice with rsv (a2) or vehicle. respiratory system impedance was used to assess baseline airway function and responses to iv methacholine (mch) at 4, 8, 24 and 34 weeks post infection. in vitro airway responses were measured 24 weeks post infection us ... | 2007 | 17236822 |
| preparation of a respiratory syncytial virus human reference serum for use in the quantitation of neutralization antibody. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants, young children and the elderly. yet, the development of a vaccine to protect against rsv infection still remains an unmet need. at present, immune responses to experimental vaccines under investigation are usually evaluated by elisa and/or by neutralization assays against rsv. however, both types of assays are generally performed somewhat differently at different laboratories. an important step ... | 2007 | 17241789 |
| epidemiological and clinical features of hmpv, rsv and rvs infections in young children. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has recently been isolated from children with acute respiratory tract infections (rtis). the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hmpv infection need further investigation. | 2007 | 17241812 |
| palivizumab efficacy in preterm infants with gestational age < or = 30 weeks without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | the present study was designed to determine the efficacy of administration of palivizumab to preterm infants with gestational age (ga) < or = 30 weeks without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd). all patients born with ga < or = 30 weeks without bpd on day 28 and hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis in burgundy (12 hospitals) from december 1 to april 30 of the next year were included in this prospective observational study during five successive rsv seasons (1999-2000, 2000-2001, 2001-2002, 2002-2003 ... | 2007 | 17243184 |
| relationship of early childhood viral exposures to respiratory symptoms, onset of possible asthma and atopy in high risk children: the canadian asthma primary prevention study. | the contribution of respiratory viral infections to the onset of asthma and atopy is controversial. in "high risk" children (n = 455) born into asthmatic/atopic families, we determined the relationship of exposures to common respiratory viruses and concomitant respiratory symptoms, and to subsequent possible asthma and atopy at ages 1 and 2 years. frozen nasal specimens, obtained when children were 2 weeks, 4, 8, and 12 months old, underwent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pc ... | 2007 | 17245731 |
| cytokine induction by respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus in bronchial epithelial cells. | in order to broaden our knowledge of the primary immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus infections, we compared the concentrations of interleukin (il)-6, il-8, and regulated on activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted (rantes) produced in vitro during rsv and adenovirus infections of bronchial epithelial cells. we infected beas-2b cells-a human bronchial epithelial cell line-with rsv, adenovirus serotype 3, or serotype 7 and measured the concentrations of il ... | 2007 | 17245736 |
| respiratory syncytial virus ns1 protein degrades stat2 by using the elongin-cullin e3 ligase. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. rsv has a linear single-stranded rna genome encoding 11 proteins, 2 of which are nonstructural (ns1 and ns2). rsv specifically downregulates stat2 protein expression, thus enabling the virus to evade the host type i interferon response. degradation of stat2 requires proteasomal activity and is dependent on the expression of rsv ns1 and ns2 (ns1/2). here we investigate whether rsv ns proteins can assemble u ... | 2007 | 17251292 |
| ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and is responsible for many hospitalizations annually. ribavirin is approved for treatment of these infections, but its use is controversial because of questions about its efficacy, concerns about occupational exposure, and its high cost. | 2007 | 17253446 |
| antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children. | bronchiolitis is a serious, potentially life-threatening respiratory illness commonly affecting young babies. it is most often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the diagnosis is usually made on clinical grounds (especially tachypnoea and wheezing in a child less than two years of age). antibiotics are not recommended for bronchiolitis unless there is concern about complications such as secondary bacterial pneumonia. despite this, they are used at rates of 34 to 99% in uncomplicated ca ... | 2007 | 17253545 |
| role of respiratory syncytial virus in acute otitis media: implications for vaccine development. | we summarize herein the results of various virologic studies of acute otitis media (aom) conducted at our site over a 10-year period. among 566 children with aom, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was the most common virus identified in either middle ear fluid or nasal wash; it was found in 16% of all children and 38% of virus-positive children. seventy-one percent of the children with rsv were 1 year of age or older, which was significantly older than all other viruses combined (p=0.045). rsv i ... | 2007 | 17156899 |
| interaction of monocytic cells with respiratory syncytial virus results in activation of nf-kappab and pkc-alpha/beta leading to up-regulation of il-15 gene expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major human respiratory pathogen, particularly for infants. rsv is also a powerful inducer of cytokines, one of which is il-15, an important immunoregulatory cytokine. il-15 plays a key role in nk and t cell development and differentiation and also regulates nk cell/macrophage interaction, as well as monocyte/macrophage and granulocyte function. we have shown previously that different viruses up-regulate il-15 gene expression in human pbmcs. recently, we fo ... | 2007 | 17158609 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus on the activity of matrix metalloproteinase in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common pathogen in the lower respiratory tract of infants and children. recent studies have shown that in adults, especially in the elderly population who have relatively weak immunity, lower respiratory tract infection is not uncommon. rsv was detected in 22% hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and the detection rate was only next to that of parvovirus and influenza virus respectively. further stud ... | 2007 | 17254480 |
| human metapneumovirus induces more severe disease and stronger innate immune response in balb/c mice as compared with respiratory syncytial virus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are members of the pneumovirinae subfamily of paramyxoviridae and can cause severe respiratory disease, especially in infants and young children. some differences in the clinical course of these infections have been described, but there are few comparative data on pathogenesis in humans and animal models. in this study, hmpv and rsv were compared for replication, pathogenesis and immune induction in balb/c mice infected with equi ... | 2007 | 17257445 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) belongs to the pneumovirus genus within the family paramyxoviridae and is a major cause of respiratory disease in young calves. brsv is enveloped and contains a negative sense, single-stranded rna genome encoding 11 proteins. the virus replicates predominantly in ciliated respiratory epithelial cells but also in type ii pneumocytes. it appears to cause little or no cytopathology in ciliated epithelial cell cultures in vitro, suggesting that much of the p ... | 2007 | 17257568 |
| [effects of alternanthera philoxeroides griseb against respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice]. | to investigate the effect of an oral preparation of alternathera philoxeroides griseb (apg) against respiratory syncytical virus (rsv) in mice. | 2007 | 17259148 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in fischer 344 rats is attenuated by short interfering rna against the rsv-ns1 gene. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe bronchiolitis and is a risk factor for asthma. since there is no commercially available vaccine against rsv, a short interfering rna against the rsv-ns1gene (sins1) was developed and its potential for decreasing rsv infection and infection-associated inflammation in rats was tested. | 2007 | 17270047 |
| type 1 and 2 immunity following vaccination is influenced by nanoparticle size: formulation of a model vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus. | previous studies compared uptake by dendritic cells (dc) of 20, 40, 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 nm beads in vivo. when beads were used as antigen carriers, bead size influenced antibody responses and induction of ifn-gamma-producing cd4 and cd8 t cells. beads of 40-50 nm were taken up preferentially by dc and induced particularly strong immunity. herein, we examine immunity induced by minute differences in nanobead size, specifically within a narrow viral-sized range (20, 40, 49, 67, 93, 101, ... | 2007 | 17274665 |
| relative dominance of epitope-specific cd8+ t cell responses in an f1 hybrid mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes are key effectors of adaptive immunity for the control of virus infections. epitope-specific responses are hierarchical and the rules for dominance are not well defined. here we show that the h2-kd-restricted rsv m2(82-90) (kdm2(82-90)) epitope dominates the h2-db-restricted rsv m187-195 (dbm187-195) epitope and influences epitope-specific effector function in the acute and memory phases of the immune response to primary rsv infection in h-2b/d hybrid mice. the hybri ... | 2007 | 17275872 |
| detection of human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection using real-time rt-pcr in a hospital in northern taiwan. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a newly discovered respiratory pathogen. this prospective hospital-based study investigated the clinical role and features of hmpv in taiwan. | 2007 | 17282966 |
| relationship between five common viruses and febrile seizure in children. | to examine the role of viruses in febrile seizures (fs) by comparing the relative risk (rr) of developing fs with common viral infections and subsequent risk of recurrence. | 2007 | 17284480 |
| contribution of viruses, chlamydia spp. and mycoplasma pneumoniae to acute respiratory infections in iranian children. | the study reports the frequency and clinical presentation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus, influenza (inf v), parainfluenza, adenovirus (adv), chlamydia spp. and mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with acute respiratory infections (ari) in rasht, iran. nasopharyngeal aspirates and swabs were collected from 261 children in 2003 and 2004. pathogens were detected using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr), confirmed with sequence analysis ... | 2007 | 17287243 |
| inhibition of airway na+ transport by respiratory syncytial virus. | in previous studies, we have shown that two major respiratory pathogens, influenza virus and parainfluenza virus, produce acute alterations in ion transport upon contacting the apical membrane of the respiratory epithelium. in the present study, we examine the effects on ion transport by the mouse tracheal epithelium of a third major respiratory pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv infections are associated with fluid accumulation in the respiratory tract and cause illnesses that ran ... | 2007 | 17287265 |
| morbidity profiles of patients consulting during influenza and respiratory syncytial virus active periods. | we compared the burden of illness due to a spectrum of respiratory diagnostic categories among persons presenting in a sentinel general practice network in england and wales during periods of influenza and of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) activity. during all periods of viral activity, incidence rates of influenza-like illness, bronchitis and common cold were elevated compared to those in baseline periods. excess rates per 100,000 of acute bronchitis were greater in children aged <1 year (me ... | 2007 | 17291381 |
| respiratory syncytial virus replication is prolonged by a concomitant allergic response. | epidemiological studies show an association between early exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the development or exacerbation of asthma. this idea is supported by studies in mice that demonstrate worsened airway hyper-reactivity (ahr) when rsv-infected animals are exposed to allergen. the effect of allergen on rsv disease, however, has not been reported. cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) that have been used as a model to study rsv pathogenesis were sensitized to extracts of aspergill ... | 2007 | 17335559 |