Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| members of the nf90/nfar protein group are involved in the life cycle of a positive-strand rna virus. | a major issue of current virology concerns the characterization of cellular proteins that operate as functional components of the viral multiplication process. here we describe a group of host factors designated as 'nfar proteins' that are recruited by the replication machinery of bovine viral diarrhea virus, a close relative of the human pathogen hepatitis c virus. the nfar proteins associate specifically with both the termini of the viral rna genome involving regulatory elements in the 5' and ... | 2003 | 14592965 |
| real-time pcr for simultaneous detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | since two genotypes of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) occur in belgian herds, their differentiation is important for disease surveillance. a quantitative real-time pcr assay was developed to detect and classify bovine viral diarrhea viruses in genotype i and ii. a pair of primers specific for highly conserved regions of the 5'utr and two taqman probes were designed. the fam and vic-labeled probe sequences differed by three nucleotides, allowing the differentiation between genotype i and ii ... | 2003 | 14599675 |
| gene expression changes in mdbk cells infected with genotype 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (bvdvs) are ubiquitous viral pathogens of cattle. these viruses exist as one of two biotypes, cytopathic and noncytopathic, based on the ability to induce cytopathic effect in cell culture. the noncytopathic biotypes are able to establish inapparent, persistent infections in both cell culture and in bovine foetuses of less than 150 days gestation. interactions with the host cell and the mechanism by which viral tolerance is established are unknown. to examine the c ... | 2003 | 14599778 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea, bovine herpesvirus and parainfluenza-3 virus infection in three cattle herds in egypt in 2000. | this study reported field outbreaks of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection, either alone or mixed with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and/or parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v) in egypt during 2000. in lower egypt, young calves in three cattle herds in el-minufiya province, el-fayoum province and in governmental quarantine in el-behira province, showed symptoms of enteritis, either alone or accompanied by respiratory manifestations. the affected herds were visited and the diseased animals were ... | 2003 | 15005546 |
| no caspase activation but overexpression of bcl-2 in bovine cells infected with noncytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus. | cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (cp bvdv) induce apoptosis in permissible cell cultures via the intrinsic pathway, which involves the mitochondria as key organelles. an important event is the irreversible opening of the permeability transition pore (ptp) and the breakdown of the transmembrane potential deltapsi(m). the resulting release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria serves as a trigger to form the apoptosome which then leads to caspase activation and cell death. in contrast, no ... | 2003 | 14599779 |
| genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from spain. | forty-four bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates collected from the north of spain between 1989 and 2000 were characterised at the molecular level. for 24 of these isolates the entire n(pro) gene sequence was determined. phylogenetic analysis revealed that 21 isolates belong to subgroup bvdv-1b, while two bvdv-1c isolates and one bvdv-1h isolate were found. furthermore, 20 additional virus isolates were analysed by differential reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and ... | 2003 | 14599780 |
| aspects of the innate and adaptive immune responses to acute infections with bvdv. | the immune response can be divided into innate and adaptive components that synergise to effect the clearance of pathogens. recently, it has been realised that these arms of the immune system do not act independently, the magnitude and quality of the adaptive response is dependent on signals derived from the innate response. here, we review the innate immune responses to bovine viral diarrhoea virus infections of cattle and relate these changes to immunosuppression and the subsequent development ... | 2003 | 14599781 |
| use of an internal standard in a taqman nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | the aim of this study was to improve molecular methods for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). a single-tube nested reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (nrt-pcr) employing the 5'-3'-exonuclease assay (taqman) system was optimised for use with bulk milk, semen and whole blood samples. an artificial template (mimic) was engineered to provide in-tube validation of negative samples by demonstrating the absence of substances inhibitory to rt or pcr. this mimic was constr ... | 2003 | 14599783 |
| comparison of humoral immune responses in dairy heifers vaccinated with 3 different commercial vaccines against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1. | a randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the humoral immune response to 3 different commercial vaccines in dairy heifers housed in 3 different dairy farms in quebec. all heifers were seronegative to type 1 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) (singer strain), type 2 bvdv (nvsl 125c strain), and bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) at the beginning of the trial. in addition, control heifers in group 1 remained seronegative to the 2 viruses till the end of the trial. significant differences in h ... | 2003 | 14601677 |
| differences in membrane association and sub-cellular distribution between ns2-3 and ns3 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | the sub-cellular location and mechanism of membrane association of ns3 and ns2-3 polypeptides of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) have been examined. both ns3 and ns2-3 proteins were detected in post-nuclear membrane fractions but not in cytosolic fractions of bvdv infected cells; a proportion of ns3, but not ns2-3, could be dissociated from the membranes with 800 mm kcl or at ph 11. following extraction with 1% triton x-114, ns3 was predominantly present in the aqueous phase, but ns2-3 was o ... | 2003 | 14602200 |
| reproductive challenges facing the cattle industry at the beginning of the 21st century. | the aim of this review is to pinpoint the areas that require further research for greatest impact to improve the efficiency of dairy and beef production. increased knowledge about the principal causes of reduced fertility is essential. increases in milk yield have been at the expense of reduced fertility in dairy cows and although diet has a major impact, the precise interaction between nutrition and reproduction still needs to be characterized in both beef and dairy cows. furthermore, during pe ... | 2003 | 14635922 |
| the role of acidogenic diets and beta-hydroxybutyate on lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody response against bovine respiratory viruses in holstein steers. | acidogenic diets were evaluated for their effects on lymphocyte proliferation in response to staphylococcus aureus exotoxin b (seb), and specific lymphocyte proliferation and serum-neutralizing antibody titers to four bovine respiratory viruses in vitro. four holstein steer calves, with an average weight of 213 +/- 42 kg, were fed a basal (control) diet consisting of 49% forage and 51% concentrate (dm basis), with 15% cp (on a dm basis). three additional treatment diets were used: 1) the basal d ... | 2003 | 14677865 |
| an adenine-to-guanine nucleotide change in the ires sl-iv domain of picornavirus/hepatitis c chimeric viruses leads to a nonviable phenotype. | the inability for the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) of hepatitis c virus (hcv) to be readily studied in the context of viral replication has been circumvented by constructing chimeras such as with poliovirus (pv), in which translation of the genome polyprotein is under control of the hcv ires. during our attempts to configure the pv/hcv chimera for our drug discovery efforts, we discovered that an adenine- (a) to-guanine (g) change at nt 350 in domain iv of the hcv ires resulted in a nonv ... | 2003 | 14698672 |
| experimental infection of calves with bovine viral diarrhoea virus type-2 (bvdv-2) isolated from a contaminated vaccine. | a non-cytopathic strain of bvdv-2 was isolated from a batch of live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) vaccine, and inoculated intranasally into four 3-month-old calves. severe signs of disease developed by days 4 and 6 in three of the calves, free of bvdv and antibodies to bvdv, that had been exposed to the virus. these calves survived the acute phase of the infection and progressively recovered. bvdv was consistently isolated, or the respective viral rna was detected, in the buffy coats f ... | 2003 | 14609269 |
| antibodies to ruminant alpha-herpesviruses and pestiviruses in norwegian cervids. | a serologic survey revealed that norwegian populations of free-ranging reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), and moose (alces alces) have been exposed to alpha-herpesviruses and pestiviruses. a total of 3,796 serum samples collected during the period 1993-2000 were tested in a neutralization test for antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) or cervid herpesvirus 2 (cerhv-2), and 3,897 samples were tested by a neutralization test ... | 2003 | 14733272 |
| genetic diversity of recent bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from the southeast of austria (styria). | to characterise the bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates circulating in the southeastern region of austria, namely in the province of styria, 71 blood samples collected between 1998 and 2000 from persistently infected cattle in 62 herds were subjected to genetic typing. for this, 288bp fragments from the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription (rt-pcr). the products were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. seventy ... | 2003 | 12458175 |
| a new look at viruses in type 1 diabetes. | type 1 diabetes (t1d) results from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. genetic factors are believed to be a major component for the development of t1d, but the concordance rate for the development of diabetes in identical twins is only about 40%, suggesting that nongenetic factors play an important role in the expression of the disease. viruses are one environmental factor that is implicated in the pathogenesis of t1d. to date, 14 different viruses have been reported to be associated with ... | 2003 | 12592641 |
| comparison of a multivalent viral vaccine program versus a univalent viral vaccine program on animal health, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot calves. | a field study was conducted under commercial feedlot conditions at 2 sites in western canada to determine the relative effects of a univalent viral vaccine (mlv 1) program versus a multivalent viral vaccine (mlv 4) program on animal health; feedlot performance; and carcass characteristic variables of fall-placed, auction market derived, feedlot calves. five thousand one hundred and sixty-three calves were processed and randomly allocated to 1 of 2 experimental groups as follows: mlv 1, which rec ... | 2003 | 12619555 |
| ribonucleoside analogue that blocks replication of bovine viral diarrhea and hepatitis c viruses in culture. | a base-modified nucleoside analogue, beta-d-n(4)-hydroxycytidine (nhc), was found to have antipestivirus and antihepacivirus activities. this compound inhibited the production of cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) rna in a dose-dependant manner with a 90% effective concentration (ec(90)) of 5.4 microm, an observation that was confirmed by virus yield assays (ec(90) = 2 microm). when tested for hepatitis c virus (hcv) replicon rna reduction in huh7 cells, nhc had an ec(90) of 5 microm ... | 2003 | 12499198 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections by real time rt-pcr (taqman). | real time quantitative rt-pcr (taqman) identified specifically bvd virus in freshly processed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections and archival samples up to 7 years old. samples included tissue from both acutely and persistently infected animals. to assess rna degradation due to tissue handling and processing, freshly collected tissues from a calf persistently infected with bvd virus were stored at 4 degrees c or room temperature for up to 1 week prior to 24 h formalin fixation and ... | 2003 | 12668264 |
| effect of passive immunity on the development of a protective immune response against bovine viral diarrhea virus in calves. | to determine whether passively acquired antibodies prevent development of a protective immune response to live virus in calves. | 2003 | 12518880 |
| virus-inhibiting surgical glove to reduce the risk of infection by enveloped viruses. | needle puncture and other accidents that occur during surgery and other procedures may lead to viral infections of medical personnel, notably by hepatitis c (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), now that hepatitis b can be prevented by vaccination. a new surgical glove called g-vir, which contains a disinfecting agent for enveloped viruses, has been developed. herpes simplex type 1 (hsv) was used as a standard enveloped virus in both in vitro and in vivo tests of the virucidal capacity o ... | 2003 | 12601762 |
| adherence of bovine viral diarrhea virus to bovine oocytes and embryos with a hardened zona pellucida cultured in vitro. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the adherence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) to bovine mature, or immature, cumulus-free oocytes and to in vitro fertilized embryos, maintained in vitro in a ligated bovine oviduct to allow for the hardening of the zona pellucida. incubation of the oocytes and embryos in the oviduct for 5 h caused hardening of the zona pellucida as measured by resistance to pronase digestion (which increased from approximately 3 min to 7 h; p > 0.001). however, ... | 2003 | 12528828 |
| insertion of cellular sequence and rna recombination in the structural protein coding region of cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | the cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (cp bvdv) strain ks86-1cp was isolated from a calf persistently infected with the noncytopathogenic (ncp) strain ks86-1ncp after it was exposed to cp bvdv strain nose and developed mucosal disease (md). molecular analysis revealed that an insertion of a cellular gene and a duplication of the viral rna encoding the nucleocapsid protein c and part of n(pro) had occurred in the c coding region of the nose and ks86-1cp genomes. the inserted cellular ge ... | 2003 | 12560578 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in semen obtained after inoculation of seronegative postpubertal bulls. | to evaluate persistence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in semen after inoculation of postpubertal bulls. | 2003 | 12693532 |
| transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus by unhygienic vaccination procedures, ambient air, and from contaminated pens. | knowing how bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection spreads via indirect contacts is required in order to plan large-scale eradication schemes against bvdv. in this study, susceptible calves were exposed to bvdv by an unhygienic vaccination procedure, by ambient air and from contaminated pens. primary bvdv infection was observed in two calves vaccinated with a vaccine against trichophyton spp that had been contaminated by smearing nasal secretion from a persistently infected (pi) calf on t ... | 2003 | 12573600 |
| humoral immune response and assessment of vaccine virus shedding in calves receiving modified live virus vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1a. | susceptible calves were administered modified live virus (mlv) vaccines containing bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv1) and bovine viral diarrhoea type 1 (bvdv1a) strains intramuscularly, with one vaccine containing both mlv and inactivated bhv-1 and inactivated bvdv1a. there was no evidence of transmission of vaccine (bhv-1 and bvdv1a) strains to susceptible non-vaccinated controls commingled with vaccinates. no vaccinates had detectable bhv-1 in peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) after vaccination. each ... | 2003 | 12710498 |
| [kinetics and persistence of neutralizing antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 and -2 and border disease virus after two step vaccination of cattle]. | the aim of the study was the assessment of rise and persistence of neutralizing antibodies (nab) to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv) after a two step vaccination using an inactivated bvdv/bdv (mucobovin) and a modified live bvdv vaccine (vacoviron). in a first experiment eight heifers were kept in isolation and were serologically surveyed regularly over a three year period after vaccination. the same experiment was done with 80 vaccinated cattle kept under field ... | 2003 | 12596665 |
| prevention of persistent infection in calves by vaccination of dams with noncytopathic type-1 modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus prior to breeding. | to determine the ability of a modified-live virus (mlv) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 (bvdv1) vaccine administered to heifers prior to breeding to stimulate protective immunity that would block transmission of virulent heterologous bvdv during gestation, thus preventing persistent infection of a fetus. | 2003 | 12755290 |
| genetic diversity of ruminant pestiviruses from spain. | the genetic diversity of ruminant pestiviruses from spain was investigated by sequencing analysis of the 5' non-coding region (5'ncr) from 10 ovine and 41 bovine samples collected along 4 years (1999-2002) from different farms. the 5'ncr amplicons generated by a one-tube rt-pcr using primers 324/326 were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. when compared with strains from genbank database, spanish viruses clustered into three genotypes: bvdv 1, bdv and csfv. no bvdv 2 strains were identified ... | 2003 | 12606077 |
| diagnosis of natural exposure to bovine viral diarrhea in a vaccinated herd by measuring extended antibody titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus. | two abortions occurred in a 150-head commercial cow-calf herd. bovine viral diarrhea was suspected and confirmed by measuring extended titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in a sample of 15 breeding females. fifteen were sero-positive and 11 had significantly high titers (1:972-1:8748), likely due to natural exposure to cattle persistently infected with bvdv. | 2003 | 12619558 |
| bvdv and innate immunity. | infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is prevalent in the cattle population worldwide. the virus exists in two biotypes, cytopathic and non-cytopathic, depending on the effect of the viruses on cultured cells. bvdv may cause transient and persistent infections which differ fundamentally in the host's antiviral immune response. transient infection may be due to both cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of bvdv and leads to a specific immune response. in contrast, only non-cytopathic ... | 2003 | 12770540 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea eradication and control programmes in europe. | the economic impact of bvdv infections has led a number of countries in europe to start eradication or control programmes. while in both cases the primary step is identification and elimination of persistently infected (pi) animals, the strategy applied thereafter is dependent on the density and seroprevalence of the regional cattle population. one of the first countries to design and implement an eradication programme was sweden in 1993, a country with a relatively low cattle density and no vac ... | 2003 | 12770541 |
| efficacy of bovine viral diarrhea vaccine used in japan against bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 strain 890. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been segregated into two genotypes, type 1 and type 2. to determine the efficacy of the commercially available bovine viral diarrhea type 1 vaccine used in japan against bvdv type 2, calves were infected with bvdv type 2 strain 890 4 weeks after administration of the vaccine. the vaccinated calves did not develop any clinical signs and hematological changes such as observed in unvaccinated calves after the challenge. furthermore, the challenge virus was not ... | 2003 | 12655125 |
| quantification, risk factors, and health impact of natural congenital infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy calves. | to estimate risk and identify risk factors for congenital infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) not resulting in persistent infection and examine effect of congenital infection on health of dairy calves. | 2003 | 12661878 |
| trans-complementation of autonomously replicating bovine viral diarrhea virus replicons with deletions in the e2 coding region. | autonomously replicating bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genomes (replicons) were constructed from the full-length bvdv cdna clone pa/bvdv/ins- (g. meyers et al., j. virol. 70, 8606-8613, 1996). the sequences coding for envelope protein e2, for e2 without the c-terminal transmembrane region, or for e2 and nonstructural protein p7 were deleted, and the resulting mutants were tested for their ability to replicate after transfection. all deletion mutants were able to replicate and to express the ... | 2003 | 12667792 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus infections and its control. a review. | infections with bovine viral diarrhoea virus continue to plague the cattle industry worldwide. the wish to control the negative effects of the virus has lead to the development of numerous vaccines, but also of eradication schemes. in this paper, a comprehensive overview on bvdv is given: the virus and its clinical manifestations, its occurrence and economic impact, the different routes of transmission, as well as diagnostic methods and objectives. furthermore, the two major options for bvdv con ... | 2003 | 12670010 |
| the hepatitis c virus p7 protein forms an ion channel that is inhibited by long-alkyl-chain iminosugar derivatives. | we show that hepatitis c virus (hcv) p7 protein forms ion channels in black lipid membranes. hcv p7 ion channels are inhibited by long-alkyl-chain iminosugar derivatives, which have antiviral activity against the hcv surrogate bovine viral diarrhea virus. hcv p7 presents a potential target for antiviral therapy. | 2003 | 12719519 |
| distribution of viral antigen and development of lesions after experimental infection of calves with a bvdv 2 strain of low virulence. | to examine the virus-host interaction in subclinical bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections, the spread of a bvdv 2 strain of low virulence to different organs and the development of lesions were investigated. eight colostrum-deprived, clinically healthy, 2-3-month-old calves were intranasally inoculated with 10(6) tissue culture infective dose of the naturally occurring bvdv 2 strain 28508-5 of low virulence, and 2 served as controls. two calves each were euthanized at days 3, 6, 9, and ... | 2003 | 12735344 |
| a survey for bvdv antibodies in cattle farms in slovakia and genetic typing of bvdv isolates from imported animals. | a serological survey for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibodies on a collection of 1295 serum samples obtained from 6-12 months old cattle originating from 45 farms in slovakia was carried out. on 13 farms more than 90% of the examined animals were seropositive, on 14 farms 71-90% seroprevalence was observed, on 13 farms only 50-70% animals were found to be positive for bvdv antibodies, while the remaining 5 farms showed fewer than 50% seropositive animals. the average incidence of bvdv ... | 2003 | 12737050 |
| epitopic characterisation of turkish bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates using monoclonal antibodies. | in this study, 15 bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (bvdv) isolated from the field in turkey were characterised for their biotype, cloned and eventually analysed for their epitopic composition in terms of glycoprotein e2. immunoplaque assay, plaque assay, limiting dilution and streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase techniques were used for biotype characterisation, cloning of cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) biotypes and epitope analysis, respectively. while 14 out of 15 bvdv isolates were distingui ... | 2003 | 12737051 |
| detection of trna-like structure through rnase p cleavage of viral internal ribosome entry site rnas near the aug start triplet. | the 9600-base rna genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in its first 370 bases, including the aug start triplet at bases 342-344. structural elements of this and other ires domains substitute for a 5' terminal cap structure in protein synthesis. recent work (nadal, a., martell, m., lytle, j. r., lyons, a. j., robertson, h. d., cabot, b., esteban, j. i., esteban, r., guardia, j., and gomez, j. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 30606-30613) has demonstrated that the ... | 2003 | 12746454 |
| evaluation of a modified live virus type-1a bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine (singer strain) against a type-2 (strain 890) challenge. | both type-1 and type-2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections are responsible for major losses in the cattle industry. however, several commercial bvdv vaccines contain only a type-1 strain. a vaccine trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of bvdv type-1 (singer strain; bvdv-1) vaccine for protecting calves challenged with virulent bvdv type-2 (890 strain; bvdv-2). thirty-eight bvdv-negative calves were randomly allocated to four groups. one group was treated with a modified live vi ... | 2003 | 12756633 |
| evaluation of shedding of bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 after vaccination of calves with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine. | to determine whether bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv) virus 1 (bvdv1), or bvdv 2 (bvdv2) were shed after parenteral administration of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine. | 2003 | 12762386 |
| specific inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus replicase. | compound-1453 was identified and characterized as a specific inhibitor of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the concentration of compound-1453 which results in 50% protection from virus-induced cytopathic effect is approximately 2.2 microm, with a therapeutic index of 60, and it is not active against a panel of rna and dna viruses. a time-of-addition experiment suggested that compound-1453 targets a stage of the viral life cycle after viral entry. to determine the target of compound-1453, resi ... | 2003 | 12767995 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigenic diversity: impact on disease and vaccination programmes. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infections in cattle are associated with a variety or "diverse" clinical forms. these include digestive tract, respiratory, foetal (varied, dependent on foetal age), haemorrhagic and systemic diseases such as mucosal disease, and immunosuppression and inapparent infections. the bvdv isolates themselves are "diverse" with genotype differences based on nucleotide sequences, antigenic variability and biotypes (presence or absence of cytopathology in cell culture) ... | 2003 | 12770537 |
| gene expression changes in bvdv2-infected mdbk cells. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a ubiquitous viral pathogen of cattle. the virus exists as one of two biotypes, cytopathic and non-cytopathic, based on the ability to induce cytopathic effect in cell culture. the non-cytopathic biotypes are able to establish non-apparent, persistent infections in both cell culture and in bovine foetuses of fewer than 150 days gestation. the mechanism by which viral tolerance is established is unknown. to examine the changes in gene expression that occur f ... | 2003 | 12770538 |
| the acute phase response in calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus and/or mannheimia haemolytica. | the aim of this investigation was to study differences and similarities in the acute phase response of calves experimentally infected in the respiratory tract with either bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) or mannheima haemolytica (mh), or with a combination of both (bvdv/mh). a non-inoculated control group was also included. the acute phase response was measured by serum or plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins (apps) haptoglobin, serum amyloid a (saa) and fibrinogen, and of cortis ... | 2003 | 12916692 |
| a novel simple one-step single-tube rt-duplex pcr method with an internal control for detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in bulk milk, blood, and follicular fluid samples. | a simple one-step single-tube rt-pcr method was developed for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in bulk milk, blood and follicular fluid samples. a set of universal primers (utr dl1/4) was designed for rt-pcr to detect bvdv type i and ii viruses simultaneously and was tested for efficacy in comparison to published primers for two type strains, 42 field isolates, and 95 diagnostic samples. the sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96.2%) of the rt-pcr assay, with the universal primers ... | 2003 | 12770539 |
| maternal antibody blocks humoral but not t cell responses to bvdv. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) contributes significantly to health-related economic losses in the beef and dairy industry. antibodies of maternal origin can be protective against bvdv infection, however, calves with low titres of maternal antibody or that do not receive colostrum may be at risk for acute bvdv infection. interference by high titres of maternal antibodies prevents the development of an antibody response following vaccination with either a killed or attenuated bvdv vaccine. ho ... | 2003 | 12770543 |
| seroprevalence of ohv-2, bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv in ranch-raised bison (bison bison). | serum samples were collected at slaughter from 226 24-30-month-old american bison (bison bison) bulls from kansas, minnesota, north dakota, and manitoba and assayed for antibodies to ovine herpesvirus type-2 (ohv-2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). antibodies were detected by serum neutralization for bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv, while antibodies to ohv-2 were detected by competitive inhibition-elisa (ci-elisa). detec ... | 2002 | 12680649 |
| imino sugars that are less toxic but more potent as antivirals, in vitro, compared with n-n-nonyl dnj. | imino sugar glucosidase inhibitors have selective antiviral activity against certain enveloped, mammalian viruses. deoxynojirimycins (dnjs) modified by n-alkylation to contain a nine carbon atom side chain (n-n-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin; n-nonyl-dnj, nn-dnj) were shown to be, for example, at least 20 times more potent in inhibiting hepatitis b virus (hbv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in cell based assays than the non-alkylated dnj. these data suggested that modification of the alkyl side ... | 2002 | 12630678 |
| selection of a thiazole urea-resistant variant of bovine viral diarrhoea virus that maps to the rna-dependent rna polymerase. | by passing wild type bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in increasing concentrations of dpc-a69280-29, a thiazole urea class compound that inhibits bvdv replication, we were able to select several variants of bvdv that exhibited decreased susceptibility to this compound. when the non-structural genes of these variants were sequenced and compared with wild type, only one change was common to all the variants that also exhibited resistance to dpc-a69280-29 (>10-fold increase in ic50). this change ... | 2002 | 12630680 |
| case-control study on the association of porcine circovirus type 2 and other swine viral pathogens with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a field-based case-control study was conducted to assess the strength of association of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and some major swine viruses with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). cases were defined as individual pigs with a clinical history of progressive weight loss and histopathological lesions characteristic of pmws. controls were pigs without clinical signs and histopathological lesions typical of pmws. a total of 31 cases and 56 controls was identified from diagno ... | 2002 | 12423025 |
| isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus from an alpaca. | a frozen, stillborn alpaca (lama pacos) was submitted to the minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory for diagnostic purposes. no gross or histopathologic changes of any significance were seen. a pool of lung, liver, and brain tissues was positive for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. on inoculation in cell cultures, a noncytopathic bvdv (type 1b) was isolated. no evidence of bvdv was seen on immunohistochemical examination of tissues. this ... | 2002 | 12423040 |
| pathogen inactivation of blood components: current status and introduction of an approach using riboflavin as a photosensitizer. | riboflavin is a naturally occurring compound and an essential human nutrient. studies in the 1960s and 70s showed that it could be effective, when exposed to visible or uv light, in inactivating viruses and bacteria. this suggested to us that it could act as a photosensitizer useful in the inactivation of pathogens found in blood products, because of its nucleic acid specificity and its limited tendency toward indiscriminate oxidation. the riboflavin molecule is a planar, conjugated ring structu ... | 2002 | 12430933 |
| antiviral activities and cellular toxicities of modified 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrocytidine analogues. | the antiviral efficacies and cytotoxicities of 2',3'- and 4'-substituted 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxycytidine analogs were evaluated. all compounds were tested (i) against a wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) isolate (strain xxbru) and lamivudine-resistant hiv-1 isolates, (ii) for their abilities to inhibit hepatitis b virus (hbv) production in the inducible hepad38 cell line, and (iii) for their abilities to inhibit bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) production in acutely in ... | 2002 | 12435688 |
| mechanism of de novo initiation by the hepatitis c virus rna-dependent rna polymerase: role of divalent metals. | we functionally analyzed the role of metal ions in rna-dependent rna synthesis by three recombinant rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps) from gb virus-b (gbv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv), with emphasis on the hcv rdrp. using templates capable of both de novo initiation and primer extension and rdrps purified in the absence of metal, we found that only reactions with exogenously provided mg(2+) and mn(2+) gave rise to significant amounts of synthesis. mg(2+) ... | 2002 | 12438577 |
| role of bovine viral diarrhea virus biotype in the establishment of fetal infections. | to examine the role of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) biotype on the establishment of fetal infection in cattle. | 2002 | 12375578 |
| diagnostic dilemma encountered when detecting bovine viral diarrhea virus in ivf embryo production. | routine quality controls in production of bovine embryos by in vitro fertilization (ivf) should include screening all materials of animal origin for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). using a reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) assay, we detected bvdv in primary cultures of uterine tubal cells (utc) that had been used during ivf procedures. the goal of our ensuing investigation was to determine its source and assess risks associated with the identifi ... | 2002 | 12387352 |
| in vitro and in vivo detection of mx gene products in bovine cells following stimulation with alpha/beta interferon and viruses. | this study focused on products of the bovine mx1 gene as specific markers for acute viral infections. the rationale for this is the fact that viral infections are commonly paralleled by the synthesis, release, and remote action of alpha/beta interferons (ifn-alpha/beta). released ifn-alpha/beta act through specific receptors present on nucleated cells to transduce signals for the transcription of numerous ifn-regulated genes, such as the ones for double-stranded-rna-dependent protein kinase, 2'- ... | 2002 | 12414749 |
| detection and characterization of pestivirus contaminations in human live viral vaccines. | in view of the use of potentially contaminated foetal calf serum (fcs) in cell cultures pestiviruses may be present in live viral vaccines. thirty-six lots of human live viral vaccines produced by three manufacturers were tested for the presence of pestiviruses. bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) rna was detected in 33% of the vaccine lots. all positive results were caused by the mumps component of a single manufacturer. partial sequences of the 5' untranslated region of bvd viral rna were dete ... | 2002 | 12421586 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1- and type 2-specific bovine t lymphocyte-subset responses following modified-live virus vaccination. | expression of cd25 (interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain) was used to monitor antigen-specific activation of t lymphocyte subsets (cd4+, cd8+, and gamma delta t cells) from cattle immunized with modified-live virus (mlv) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vaccines. two groups of 15 animals each were vaccinated with one dose of either bvdv genotype 1 (bvdv-1) or bvdv-1 and bvdv genotype 2 (bvdv-1/2). six animals negative for both bvdv antibody and bvdv virus were used as negative controls. three an ... | 2002 | 12584672 |
| the evolution of bovine viral diarrhea: a review. | the economic importance of bovine viral diarrhea is increasing with the emergence of seemingly more virulent viruses, as evidenced by outbreaks of hemorrhagic syndrome and severe acute bovine viral diarrhea beginning in the 1980s and 1990s. it appears that evolutionary changes in bovine viral diarrhea virus were responsible for these outbreaks. the genetic properties of the classical bovine viral diarrhea virus that contribute to the basis of current diagnostic tests, vaccines, and our understan ... | 2002 | 12561689 |
| cellular sequences in pestivirus genomes encoding gamma-aminobutyric acid (a) receptor-associated protein and golgi-associated atpase enhancer of 16 kilodaltons. | the presence of cellular protein coding sequences within viral rna genomes is a unique and particularly interesting feature of cytopathogenic (cp) pestiviruses. here we report the identification and characterization of two novel cellular sequences in the genomes of cp bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains. in bvdv strain cp x604, we detected a duplication of the genomic region encoding ns3, ns4a, and part of ns4b, together with an insertion of sequences that code for cellular gamma-aminobut ... | 2002 | 12438634 |
| [novel mode of action of ribavirin (rebetol), a drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c: inducting the mutation of rna viruses]. | ribavirin (rebetol) is an antiviral agent used in combination with interferon alpha-2b (ifn alpha-2b) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c. ribavirin has been reported to have a broad-spectrum antiviral activity mainly against rna viruses. the effect of ribavirin was potentiated when administered in combination with ifn alpha-2b in an antiviral assay using bovine viral diarrhea virus as a surrogate for hepatitis c virus (hcv). inhibition of host inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and inhibi ... | 2002 | 12528471 |
| induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in cells infected with cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus. | cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (cp bvdv) induces apoptosis in bovine cell cultures. this also seems to be a prominent feature in the pathogenesis of mucosal disease. to gain an insight into the molecular pathways of the cell alterations, the involvement of different members of the apoptotic cascade was analyzed. it was shown that inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore significantly delayed the cytopathic effect without affecting virus replication. moreover, the mem ... | 2002 | 12457970 |
| foetal protection against bovine virus diarrhoea virus after two-step vaccination. | in order to assess the efficacy of a two-step vaccination protocol with respect to foetal protection against transplacental infections with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) with special attention to bvdv-2 seronegative heifers were vaccinated with an inactivated bvdv-1 vaccine and boostered with a modified live bvdv-1 vaccine after 4 weeks. a second group was left unvaccinated as control. between days 30 and 120 of pregnancy the heifers of both groups were intranasally challenged with a mixtu ... | 2002 | 12485359 |
| pestivirus in cattle: experimentally induced persistent infection in calves. | twenty-two heifers were infected intranasally with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) between days 74 and 82 of pregnancy. all animals had developed serum antibodies against bvdv 5 weeks later. no clinical effects were seen in the heifers, and they all delivered a live calf. the newborn calves were generally small, appeared unthrifty as typical 'poor doers', and some developed secondary infections with diarrhoea and signs of respiratory disease. eighteen of the 22 calves were bor ... | 2002 | 12485360 |
| replication of a cytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus activates perk and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis of mdbk cells. | endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress signaling is an adaptive cellular response to the loss of er ca(2+) homeostasis and/or the accumulation of misfolded, unassembled, or aggregated proteins in the er lumen. er stress-activated signaling pathways regulate protein synthesis initiation and can also trigger apoptosis through the er-associated caspase 12. viruses that utilize the host cell er as an integral part of their life cycle would be predicted to cause some level of er stress. bovine viral diarr ... | 2002 | 12208938 |
| prevention of transplacental infection of bovine foetus by bovine viral diarrhoea virus through vaccination. | results are presented for an experimental validation of the efficacy of an eu licensed, inactivated bovine viral diarrhoea virus vaccine (bovilis bvdv). this study was designed to assess the quality of efficacy 6 months after a single course of vaccination (two intramuscular doses a month apart). a natural challenge at about 87 days of gestation by 3 persistently infected carrier heifers rapidly infected all experimental heifers. this resulted in transplacental bvdv infection of all 7 unvaccinat ... | 2002 | 12491111 |
| requirements for de novo initiation of rna synthesis by recombinant flaviviral rna-dependent rna polymerases. | rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps) that initiate rna synthesis by a de novo mechanism should specifically recognize the template initiation nucleotide, t1, and the substrate initiation nucleotide, the ntpi. the rdrps from hepatitis c virus (hcv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and gb virus-b all can initiate rna synthesis by a de novo mechanism. we used rnas and gtp analogs, respectively, to examine the use of the t1 nucleotide and the initiation nucleotide (ntpi) during de novo initiati ... | 2002 | 12438578 |
| process for the preparation of pathogen-inactivated rbc concentrates by using pen110 chemistry: preclinical studies. | a pathogen-inactivation process for rbc concentrates is being developed by using pen110 chemistry (inactine, v.i. technologies). the objective of this study was to characterize the quality of rbcs prepared by using the pen110 process and to measure the virucidal effect achieved against two viruses. | 2002 | 11896326 |
| evaluation of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction/probe test of serum samples and immunohistochemistry of skin sections for detection of acute bovine viral diarrhea infections. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) cause both acute and persistent infections. while diagnostic tests have been designed to detect animals persistently infected (pi) with bvdv, the reliability of these tests in detecting acute bvdv infections is not known. it is also possible that acute bvdv infections may be confused with persistent infections in surveys for pi animals. in this study, 2 tests presently in use in diagnostic laboratories to test for pi animals, polymerase chain reaction amplifi ... | 2002 | 12152809 |
| comparable virus inactivation by bovine or vegetable derived tween 80 during solvent/detergent treatment. | a mixture of tri-n-butyl phosphate (tnbp) and polysorbate 80 (tween 80) is often used for virus inactivation during the manufacture of medicinal products derived from human plasma. this procedure, known as solvent/detergent treatment, is of high effectiveness for inactivation of enveloped viruses. tween 80 can be manufactured from bovine tallow or from vegetable material. as the bovine-derived tween 80 is normally used for the solvent/detergent treatment, the question has been raised whether veg ... | 2002 | 12217344 |
| natural changes in the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) among estonian cattle. | the results of a survey conducted during 1993-2000 to study the spread of bovine viral diarrhoeal virus (bvdv) among estonian cattle are presented. the bvdv infection status of a representative random sample of cattle herds housing 20 or more dairy cows was established to estimate the prevalence of herds with active bvdv infection [potentially having persistently infected (pi) cattle--suspect pi herds]. the herds investigated comprised approximately 70% of all estonian dairy cows. the bvdv infec ... | 2002 | 12241025 |
| apoptosis inhibitors delay the cytopathic effect of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). | based on their action in cell culture, two biotypes of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) can be distinguished. the noncytopathic (ncp) bvdv isolated from persistently infected animals cause no visible damage to cultured bovine cells. in contrast, cytopathic (cp) bvdv induces severe damage and apoptosis in cell cultures. cp bvdv can be isolated from cattle suffering from mucosal disease (md) and is associated with the severe lesions that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract. to get an in ... | 2002 | 12241032 |
| role of disulfide bond formation in the folding and assembly of the envelope glycoproteins of a pestivirus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus member of the flaviviridae family, closely related to, and used as a surrogate model for the hepatitis c virus. its envelope contains the e1 and e2 glycoproteins, disulfide linked into homo- and heterodimers. in this study, we investigate the role of disulfide bond formation in the folding, assembly, and stability of bvdv glycoproteins. we provide molecular evidence that intact disulfide bonds are critical for the acquirement of a stable conform ... | 2002 | 12163043 |
| identification of the glycosaminoglycan-binding site on the glycoprotein e(rns) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus by site-directed mutagenesis. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) envelope glycoprotein e(rns) interacts with highly sulphated heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (gags) located on the cell surface as an early step in virus infection of cells. site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant e(rns) was undertaken and analysis of mutants by heparin-affinity chromatography and cell surface binding showed that a cluster of basic amino acids (480kklenksk487) near the c terminus of e(rns) was essential for binding. mutants with amino acid su ... | 2002 | 12185268 |
| clinical and epidemiologic observations of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the northwestern united states. | retrospective analyses of cases from which bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was isolated from 1980 to 2000 were conducted. these cases originated from the northwestern us and included both beef and dairy cattle. the results indicated that there was a shift in diseases associated with bvdv infection and in the animal age at onset of disease. comparative results from the 1980 data indicated a low fetal infection rate (<5%), followed by steady increases of clinical cases and peaking at 6 months ( ... | 2002 | 12243890 |
| changes in distribution and numbers of cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues and intestinal mucosa in the early phase of experimentally induced early onset mucosal disease in cattle. | mucosal disease (md), one sequelae of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection, causes severe lesions in lymphoid tissues and mucosal surfaces. lesions are associated with the presence of cytopathogenic (cp) bvdv and initially characterized by apoptotic cell death. the objective of this investigation was to determine if this cell death is mediated only by the cp bvdv, which is known to induce apoptosis in cell culture or if immune-mediated host reactions might also contribute. early onset m ... | 2002 | 12485357 |
| recovery of virulent and rnase-negative attenuated type 2 bovine viral diarrhea viruses from infectious cdna clones. | cloned cdna derived from the genome of the virulent type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain ny'93/c was sequenced and served for establishment of the infectious cdna clone pkane40a. virus recovered from pkane40a exhibited growth characteristics similar to those of wild-type bvdv ny'93/c and proved to be clinically indistinguishable from the wild-type virus in animal experiments. a virus mutant in which the rnase residing in the viral glycoprotein e(rns) was inactivated, revealed an atte ... | 2002 | 12134054 |
| predicted ages of dairy calves when colostrum-derived bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies would no longer offer protection against disease or interfere with vaccination. | to develop models that could be used to predict, for dairy calves, the age at which colostrum-derived bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antibodies would no longer offer protection against infection or interfere with vaccination. | 2002 | 12216908 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) 1b: predominant bvdv subtype in calves with respiratory disease. | the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections was determined in 2 groups of stocker calves with acute respiratory disease. both studies used calves assembled after purchase from auction markets by an order buyer and transported to feedyards, where they were held for approximately 30 d. in 1 study, the calves were mixed with fresh ranch calves from a single ranch. during the studies, at day 0 and at weekly intervals, blood was collected for viral antibody testing and virus isola ... | 2002 | 12146890 |
| coinfection with bovine viral diarrhea virus and mycoplasma bovis in feedlot cattle with chronic pneumonia. | chronic, antibiotic-resistant pneumonia, sometimes with concurrent polyarthritis, occurs in feedlot cattle in western canada. the prevalence of mycoplasma bovis, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and haemophilus somnus was determined by using immunohistochemical staining of lung and heart tissue from 2 groups of animals with this history. mycoplasma bovis antigen was present in 44/48 cases submitted between 1995 and 1998 (retrospective group) and 15/16 of cases from 1999 (prospective group), and was ... | 2002 | 12497963 |
| the band iii ligand dipyridamole protects human rbcs during photodynamic treatment while extracellular virus inactivation is not affected. | recently, the potential usefulness of dipyridamole (dip) in protecting rbcs against the harmful side effects of photodynamic sterilization was demonstrated. in the present study, the use of dip for selective protection of rbcs was investigated under conditions more relevant for blood bank practice. | 2002 | 12147025 |
| a single amino acid is critical for the expression of b-cell epitopes on the helicase domain of the pestivirus ns3 protein. | truncated ns3 proteins, expressed by recombinant baculoviruses, were used to investigate the location of conserved b-cell epitopes on this non-structural bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) protein. a goat anti-pestivirus antiserum, and a panel of anti-ns3 monoclonal antibodies, including the bvdv-1 specific antibody p1d8, were used to verify the presence or absence of the epitopes. interestingly, the monoclonal antibodies reacted only with the truncated protein encompassing the helicase domain ... | 2002 | 11900844 |
| percutaneous collection of fetal fluids for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle. | to develop a method for percutaneous collection of fetal fluid from cattle in the late stages of gestation and determine whether bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) can be isolated from such fluids. | 2002 | 11991414 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and anti-bvdv antibodies in pooled samples of follicular fluid. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) can be found in cells and fluids from ovaries collected at the abattoir. on the other hand, immunoglobulins are also found in the fluid of ovarian follicles. anti-bvdv antibodies in follicular fluid might reduce cross-contamination of cocs at the time of collection or hinder the use of virus isolation to test for the presence of virus. one objective of this study was to determine the frequency with which bvdv could be found in pooled follicular fluid collected ... | 2002 | 12013443 |
| effect of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus alone, bovine rotavirus alone, or concurrent infection with both on enteric disease in gnotobiotic neonatal calves. | to compare experimentally induced concurrent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine rotavirus (brv) with infection of either virus alone in calves. | 2002 | 12171174 |
| probability of and risk factors for introduction of infectious diseases into dutch spf dairy farms: a cohort study. | a 2-year cohort study was conducted to investigate the probability of disease introduction into dutch dairy farms. the farms were tested regularly for diseases and were visited biannually to collect management data. ninety-five specific pathogen-free (spf) dairy farms were selected from a database of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1)-free farms to study the probability of, and risk factors for, introduction of bhv1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype ... | 2002 | 12114014 |
| bovine adenovirus serotype 7 infections in postweaning calves. | to detect bovine adenovirus serotype 7 (bav-7) infections in calves by use of viral isolation and serologic testing. | 2002 | 12118678 |
| enveloped virus inactivation by caprylate: a robust alternative to solvent-detergent treatment in plasma derived intermediates. | solvent-detergent treatment, although used routinely in plasma product processing to inactivate enveloped viruses, substantially reduces product yield from the human plasma resource. to improve yields in plasma product manufacturing, a new viral reduction process has been developed using the fatty acid caprylate. as licensure of plasma products warrants thorough evaluation of pathogen reduction capabilities, the present study examined susceptibility of enveloped viruses to inactivation by capryl ... | 2002 | 12127317 |
| phylogenetic analysis of brazilian bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (bvdv-2) isolates: evidence for a subgenotype within bvdv-2. | phylogenetic analysis divides bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) into two different genotypes (bvdv1 and bvdv2). bvdv1 strains have been further subdivided into two to 11 subgenotypes. phylogenetic analysis of bvdv2 isolates, however, has not been able to identify discrete subgenotypes. in this study, we identified six south american bvdv2 strains and one north american bvdv2 strain that cluster to a separate genetic group within bvdv2, thus representing a distinct subgenotype. the 5' untransl ... | 2002 | 12135789 |
| the combination of interferon alpha-2b and n-butyl deoxynojirimycin has a greater than additive antiviral effect upon production of infectious bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in vitro: implications for hepatitis c virus (hcv) therapy. | interferon alpha-2b (ifn) alone or in combination with ribavirin is approved in the united states for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. we have previously reported that the glucosidase inhibitor, n-butyl deoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj) inhibits the production of infectious bovine diarrhea virus (bvdv) (proc. natl. acad. sci. 96 (1999) 11878). since bvdv has been used as a model for hcv and grows productively in tissue culture, and ifn and glucosidase inhibitors are thought to ... | 2002 | 12206880 |
| evaluation of health status of calves and the impact on feedlot performance: assessment of a retained ownership program for postweaning calves. | the objective of this study was to evaluate animal health status at entry to a feedlot against feedlot performance and carcass value. there were 24 herds represented by 417 calves in a retained ownership program. the health status at entry was represented by the levels of serum antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv1a, bvdv2), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi3v), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), mannheimia haemolytica, and paste ... | 2002 | 12146889 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-untranslated region of german bvdv type ii isolates. | on the basis of genetic differences, bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (bvdv) are subclassified into two distinct genotypes, bvdv type i and bvdv type ii. we selected german bvdv type ii isolates using the bvdv type i-specific monoclonal antibody wb160 and flow cytometric analysis for further characterization. for molecular characterization, a 288-bp fragment of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of the selected isolates was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) ... | 2002 | 11911592 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus by taqman reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | detection and elimination of calves and cows persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is important for the control of this pathogen. historically, bvdv detection involved cell culture isolation followed by virus detection through immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) methods. more recently, immunohistochemistry (ihc) has been added as a routine test for bvdv detection. the detection of bvdv by gel-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ... | 2002 | 11939332 |
| genetic and antigenic variability in bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates from belgium. | this report describes the genetic and antigenic variability of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains isolated in belgium. part of the 5' untranslated region and the 5' end of the gp53 (e2) coding sequence were amplified by pcr and sequenced. phylogenetic analysis showed that most field isolates segregated into genotypes ib or ii. only one out of 28 field isolates belonged to genotype ia. interestingly, some type i strains were equally divergent from types ia and ib strains and clustered into addit ... | 2002 | 11955635 |
| viroligo: a database of virus-specific oligonucleotides. | viroligo is a database of virus-specific oligonucleotides. the viroligo database consists of two tables, common data and oligo data. the oligo data table contains pcr primers and hybridization probes used for detection of viral nucleic acids and the common data table contains the experimental conditions used in their detection. each oligonucleotide entry contains links to pubmed, genbank, ncbi taxonomy databases and blast. as of july 2001, the viroligo database contains a complete listing of oli ... | 2002 | 11752293 |