Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| assignment of the group a rotavirus nsp4 gene into genotypes using a hemi-nested multiplex pcr assay: a rapid and reproducible assay for strain surveillance studies. | the rotavirus non-structural protein nsp4 has been implicated in a number of biological functions during the rotavirus cellular cycle and pathogenesis, and has been addressed as a target for vaccine development. the nsp4 gene has been classified into six genotypes (a-f). a semi-nested triplex pcr was developed for genotyping the major human nsp4 genotypes (a-c), which are common in human rotavirus strains but are also shared among most mammalian rotavirus strains. a total of 192 previously chara ... | 2009 | 19208878 |
| concomitant use of the 3-dose oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine with a 3-dose primary vaccination course of a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis b-inactivated polio-haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: immunogenicity and reactogenicity. | the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (prv), rotateq, can be concomitantly administered with most routine childhood vaccines. this study evaluated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of prv when used concomitantly with a hexavalent vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis b, inactivated poliovirus, and haemophilus influenzae type b. | 2009 | 19209092 |
| the human rotavirus vaccine rix4414 in infants: a review of safety and tolerability. | an oral, live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine, rix4414 has been developed to prevent rotavirus gastroenteritis. an integrated safety summary of 8 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase ii and iii trials of vaccine at potency licensed for use worldwide was performed. | 2009 | 19209095 |
| four-country surveillance of intestinal intussusception and diarrhoea in children. | establishment of baseline epidemiology of intussusception in developing countries has become a necessity with the possibility of reintroduction of rotavirus vaccine. the current study assessed the seasonal trend in cases admitted with intussusceptions and dehydrating acute watery diarrhoea in children aged 2 months to 10 years. | 2009 | 19210606 |
| identification of risk factors associated with nosocomial infection by rotavirus p4g2, in a neonatal unit of a tertiary-care hospital. | a rotavirus outbreak in newborns admitted to the 'la paz' university hospital, madrid was detected, followed up and controlled. uninfected children were selected as control subjects. samples of faeces were taken once or twice weekly from all the newborns, including those who were asymptomatic and who were admitted to the neonatal unit for early detection of rotavirus and the positive were separated from the rest of the neonates. contact-related precautions were taken for all patients, and alcoho ... | 2009 | 19210698 |
| metagenomic analyses of viruses in stool samples from children with acute flaccid paralysis. | we analyzed viral nucleic acids in stool samples collected from 35 south asian children with nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis (afp). sequence-independent reverse transcription and pcr amplification of capsid-protected, nuclease-resistant viral nucleic acids were followed by dna sequencing and sequence similarity searches. limited sanger sequencing (35 to 240 subclones per sample) identified an average of 1.4 distinct eukaryotic viruses per sample, while pyrosequencing yielded 2.6 viruses per sam ... | 2009 | 19211756 |
| the first complete genome sequence of a chicken group a rotavirus indicates independent evolution of mammalian and avian strains. | group a rotaviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. transmission between mammalian species and humans has been demonstrated repeatedly. here, the first entire genome sequence (19,064 bp) of a chicken rotavirus, strain ch-02v0002g3, is presented. a low degree of nucleotide sequence identity with the mammalian group a rotaviruses is evident for all 11 genome segments, whereas a closer relationship to available rotavirus sequences from avian species has been determined ... | 2009 | 19246068 |
| dideoxy fluoro-ketopyranosyl nucleosides as potent antiviral agents: synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,3- and 3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-4- and -2-keto-beta-d-glucopyranosyl derivatives of n(4)-benzoyl cytosine. | the synthesis of the dideoxy fluoro ketopyranonucleoside analogues, 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-6-o-trityl-beta-d-glycero-hexopyranosyl-4-ulose)-n(4)-benzoyl cytosine (7a), 1-(3,4-dideoxy-3-fluoro-6-o-trityl-beta-d-glycero-hexopyranosyl-2-ulose)-n(4)-benzoyl cytosine (13a) and their detritylated analogues 8a and 14a, respectively, is described. condensation of peracetylated 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-d-glucopyranose (1) with silylated n(4)-benzoyl cytosine, followed by selective deprotection and isopropyliden ... | 2009 | 19246130 |
| relative cd4 lymphopenia and a skewed memory phenotype are the main immunologic abnormalities in a child with omenn syndrome due to homozygous rag1-c2633t hypomorphic mutation. | we report a child with omenn syndrome (os) due to homozygous rag1-c2633t mutations who had an unusual clinical and immunological presentation. she had delayed onset of os-associated clinical features, had cleared a number of potentially fatal pathogens including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza-3 virus and rotavirus, and was thriving at diagnosis. laboratory assessment showed normal t and b lymphocyte number and function. t-cell-receptor repertoire in the blood was relatively diverse a ... | 2009 | 19246248 |
| [detection of a rotavirus g9p[8] outbreak causing gastroenteritis in a geriatric nursing home]. | the aim of this study was to describe an outbreak of gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in a geriatric nursing home. | 2009 | 19249129 |
| evidence of interspecies transmission and reassortment among avian group a rotaviruses. | avian rotaviruses are broadly distributed among birds, but only scarcely characterized on the molecular level. the vp4-, vp6-, vp7- and nsp5-encoding sequences of eight group a rotaviruses from chickens and turkeys determined here indicate a low degree of sequence similarity with mammalian rotaviruses. an nsp6-encoding region was missing in all chicken isolates except for isolate ch2. four novel genotypes (p[30], p[31], g22 and h8) were assigned by the rotavirus classification working group. gen ... | 2009 | 19249805 |
| the changing epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis. introduction. | 2009 | 19252422 | |
| rotavirus overview. | rotaviral gastroenteritis is a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries. the disease is ubiquitous, affecting nearly all children by the age of 5 years. it is the most common cause of hospitalizations for gastroenteritis among children in the united states (30%-70% depending on the season) and is associated with direct and indirect costs of approximately $1 billion per year. symptoms of rotaviral gastroenteritis are nonspecific (ie, diarrhea, vomiting, and fever), ... | 2009 | 19252423 |
| protective effects of natural rotavirus infection. | rotavirus is a ubiquitous infection that is the leading cause of severe diarrhea worldwide. severe infections are most commonly observed in the first 2 years of life. rotavirus-induced diarrhea is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality rates and socioeconomic costs with adverse outcomes particularly prevalent in developing countries. the natural history of rotavirus infection can provide guidance for the development and optimization of an effective vaccine. epidemiologic studies hav ... | 2009 | 19252424 |
| mechanisms of protection against rotavirus infection and disease. | rotavirus is a double-stranded rna virus composed of 3 protein layers. these layers contain structural proteins (eg, vp4, vp6, and vp7) that are involved in the induction of immunity. despite extensive research in animal models and humans, the mechanisms and effectors of protection against rotavirus after either natural infection or vaccination remain unclear. complicating factors include the variety of immunologic responses produced after both natural infection and vaccination, and the fact tha ... | 2009 | 19252425 |
| the ever-changing landscape of rotavirus serotypes. | rotavirus is a double-stranded rna virus that is characterized by substantial genetic diversity. the various serotypes of rotavirus have been determined by the presence of neutralizing epitopes on the outer capsid of the protein shell. at present, 5 rotavirus serotypes (g1, g2, g3, g4, g9) are the predominant circulating strains, accounting for approximately 95% of strains worldwide, although there is considerable geographic variability. incidence rates for various serotypes also vary temporally ... | 2009 | 19252426 |
| re: use of polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of group a bovine rotavirus g6, g8, and g10 genotypes in the north island of new zealand. | 2009 | 19252547 | |
| cloning and expression of simian rotavirus spike protein (vp4) in insect cells by baculovirus expression system. | vp4 protein is as spikes on rotavirus outer capsid shell which is responsible for virus attachment to the host. vp4 induces production of neutralizing antibodies which could be used for serotyping of different isolates. | 2009 | 19252673 |
| hospital-based surveillance to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis among european children younger than 5 years of age. | rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization in young children. data on the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis are needed to guide recommendations for rotavirus vaccine use. this study was undertaken to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in european children <5 years of age. | 2009 | 19254975 |
| burden of acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department visits in us children that is potentially preventable by rotavirus vaccination: a probe study using the now-withdrawn rotashield vaccine. | with the implementation of a new rotavirus immunization program in the united states in 2006, determining the potential health benefits of rotavirus vaccination is important. we estimated the burden of acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department visits in us children that are potentially preventable by rotavirus vaccination. | 2009 | 19254997 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus-associated hospital admissions in the province of ferrara, italy. | hospital discharge forms with specific codes for rotavirus gastroenteritis in children 0 to 14 years of age were reviewed in the period 2003-2005 in the province of ferrara. | 2009 | 19255784 |
| rotavirus meningoencephalitis in a previously healthy child and a review of the literature. | a 31/2-year-old child presented with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis and evidence of central nervous system disease. evaluation revealed findings consistent with meningoencephalitis and rotavirus detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction. a review of the literature describes 23 cases of central nervous system disease attributed to rotavirus. | 2009 | 19258926 |
| diversity of the g3 genes of human rotaviruses in isolates from spain from 2004 to 2006: cross-species transmission and inter-genotype recombination generates alleles. | rotavirus evolves by using multiple genetic mechanisms which are an accumulation of spontaneous point mutations and reassortment events. other mechanisms, such as cross-species transmission and inter-genotype recombination, may be also involved. one of the most interesting genotypes in the accumulation of these events is the g3 genotype. in this work, six new spanish g3 sequences belonging to 0-2-year-old patients from madrid were analysed and compared with 160 others of the same genotype obtain ... | 2009 | 19264637 |
| improved strategies for sequence-independent amplification and sequencing of viral double-stranded rna genomes. | this paper reports significant improvements in the efficacy of sequence-independent amplification and quality of sequencing of viruses with segmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) genomes. we demonstrate that most remaining bottlenecks in dsrna virus genome characterization have now been eliminated. both the amplification and sequencing technologies used require no previous sequence knowledge of the viral dsrna, there is no longer a need to separate genome segments or amplicons and the sequence-de ... | 2009 | 19264638 |
| oral diosmectite reduces stool output and diarrhea duration in children with acute watery diarrhea. | diosmectite is a clay used to treat children with acute watery diarrhea. however, its effects on stool output reduction, the key outcome for pediatric antidiarrheal drugs, have not been shown. | 2009 | 19268266 |
| acute viral gastroenteritis among hospitalized children between 2003 and 2005 in baranya county, hungary. | 2009 | 19268630 | |
| detection of adenoviruses and rotaviruses in drinking water sources used in rural areas of benin, west africa. | diseases associated with viruses also found in environmental samples cause major health problems in developing countries. little is known about the frequency and pattern of viral contamination of drinking water sources in these resource-poor settings. we established a method to analyze 10 liters of water from drinking water sources in a rural area of benin for the presence of adenoviruses and rotaviruses. overall, 541 samples from 287 drinking water sources were tested. a total of 12.9% of the s ... | 2009 | 19270143 |
| fresh from the biologic pipeline. | 2009 | 19270664 | |
| children with the le(a+b-) blood group have increased susceptibility to diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli expressing colonization factor i group fimbriae. | recent studies have shown that children with blood group a have increased susceptibility to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) diarrhea and that lewis blood group "a" antigen (le(a)) may be a candidate receptor for etec colonization factor (cf) antigen i (cfa/i) fimbriae. based on these findings, we have attempted to determine if children with the le(a+b-) phenotype may be more susceptible to diarrhea caused by etec, in particular etec expressing cfa/i and related fimbriae of the cfa/i grou ... | 2009 | 19273560 |
| rotavirus infections among hiv-infected children in nairobi, kenya. | human rotaviruses have emerged as a leading cause of acute diarrhea in children <5 years of age worldwide. although there are previous reports relating to various aspects of rotaviruses, there is limited data on the involvement of rotavirus infection in hiv-infected children. we therefore evaluated the importance of rotavirus infections in hiv-related diarrhea in kenyan children. fecal samples were collected from a total of 207 children during the period february 1999 to june 2000 and screened f ... | 2009 | 19276145 |
| immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of human rotavirus vaccine (rix4414) in indian infants. | this study was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of two doses of an oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine, strain rix4414 (rotarix()) in an indian setting. | 2009 | 19276664 |
| rotavirus vaccines--early success, remaining questions. | 2009 | 19279338 | |
| cdc recommendations expand vaccine indications. | 2009 | 19284941 | |
| expression and characterization of human group c rotavirus virus-like particles in insect cells. | group c rotavirus (gpc rv) is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. we expressed the three major capsid proteins vp2, vp6 and vp7 of human gpc rv in baculovirus and demonstrated the self-assembly of vp2/6/7 or vp6/7 virus-like particles (vlps) in insect cells. we examined a number of parameters, including the kinetics of protein synthesis in different cell lines and media, to optimize the most favorable conditions for the synthesis of recombinant viral proteins and t ... | 2009 | 19285329 |
| live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine, rix4414, provides clinical protection in infants against rotavirus strains with and without shared g and p genotypes: integrated analysis of randomized controlled trials. | : the 2-dose, oral live attenuated human g1p[8] rotavirus vaccine (rix4414) is highly effective against rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by circulating g1 and non-g1 types. an integrated analysis on vaccine efficacy was undertaken to obtain more precise estimates of the overall protective effect of the rix4414 vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis due to common rotavirus types (g1, g3, g4, g9, p[8]) and less commonly encountered strains such as g2p[4] across heterogenous settings. | 2009 | 19289978 |
| rotavirus and coxsackievirus infection activated different profiles of toll-like receptors and chemokines in intestinal epithelial cells. | to understand the inflammatory-immune response in intestinal epithelial cells after infection of rotavirus and coxsackievirus b3. | 2009 | 19296205 |
| colon in acute intestinal infection. | the colon is actively implicated in intestinal infections not only as a target of enteric pathogens and their products but also as a target organ for treatment. in the presence of diarrhea, both of osmotic and secretory nature, the colon reacts with homeostatic mechanisms to increase ion absorption. these mechanisms can be effectively exploited to decrease fluid discharge. a model of intestinal infections using rotavirus (rv) in colonic cells was set up and used to define a dual model of secreto ... | 2009 | 19300128 |
| detection of infectious rotavirus in naturally contaminated source waters for drinking water production. | to assess public health risks of rotavirus via drinking water consumption, a cell culture-pcr assay was developed and optimized for the detection of infectious environmental rotavirus strains in naturally contaminated source waters for drinking water production. | 2009 | 19302334 |
| cholangiocyte secretion of chemokines in experimental biliary atresia. | biliary atresia (ba) is a disease of the newborn that results in obstruction of the biliary tree. the cause of ba remains unknown; however, recent studies using the murine model of biliary atresia have found that rotavirus infection of the biliary epithelial cell (cholangiocyte) triggers an inflammatory response. we hypothesized that rotavirus infection of cholangiocytes results in the release of chemokines, important mediators of the host immune response. | 2009 | 19302848 |
| incidence and risk factors for community-acquired acute gastroenteritis in north-west germany in 2004. | in developed countries, acute gastroenteritis (age) is a major source of morbidity. however, only a few studies have estimated its incidence and the associated medical burden. this population-based study determined the incidence of community-acquired age patients seeking medical care and the relative role of various pathogens. stool samples from patients with age presenting to a general practitioner (gp), pediatrician, or specialist in internal medicine for that reason were screened for various ... | 2009 | 19319582 |
| epidemiological, clinical, and molecular features of norovirus infections in western india. | the study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of noroviruses (novs) from western india. a total of 830 fecal specimens were collected during july 2005-june 2007 from children, < or =7 years of age suffering from acute gastroenteritis in pune, nagpur, and aurangabad cities. all the specimens were subjected to rt-pcr, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis for detection and characterization of genogroup i (gi) and gii novs. nov positivity varied between 6.3% and 12.6% in differen ... | 2009 | 19319938 |
| genomic characterization of human rotavirus g8 strains from the african rotavirus network: relationship to animal rotaviruses. | global rotavirus surveillance has led to the detection of many unusual human rotavirus (hrv) genotypes. during 1996-2004 surveillance within the african rotavirus network (arn), six p[8],g8 and two p[6],g8 human rotavirus strains were identified. gene fragments (rt-pcr amplicons) of all 11-gene segments of these g8 strains were sequenced in order to elucidate their genetic and evolutionary relationships. phylogenetic and sequence analyses of each gene segment revealed high similarities (88-100% ... | 2009 | 19319943 |
| rota and pneumococcus vaccine success stories: pediatric emergency practitioners wonder "where have the kids gone?". | 2009 | 19320052 | |
| two peculiar issues on pediatric enteric infections in taiwan: pseudomonas aeruginosa and polymicrobial infections. | 2009 | 19326830 | |
| concomitant rotavirus and salmonella infections in children with acute diarrhea. | the incidence of concomitant rotavirus and salmonella infection has been reported to be 1.3% to 7.4%. we designed this study to compare the clinical manifestations in children infected with rotavirus, salmonella, or both. | 2009 | 19326832 |
| effect of osteopontin on diarrhea duration and innate immunity in suckling mice infected with a murine rotavirus. | we studied the role of osteopontin (opn) in host responses against rotavirus (rv) infection. opn knockout (opn-ko) suckling mice were more susceptible to rv (strain ew) infection and showed prolonged diarrhea duration compared to wild-type (wt) suckling mice. opn in the small intestine of wt mice was expressed after 48 h post-infection. on day 2 postinfection, mrna levels of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-15 in opn-ko mice were lower than in wt mice, although mrn ... | 2009 | 19327001 |
| first molecular detection of group a rotaviruses in drinking water sources in beijing, china. | the most prevalent group a rotavirus found in the diarrheic children was also determined in drinking water sources including raw water, treated water and tap water in beijing, and then the possible contamination contributions to tap water for human consumption were discussed in this study. a total of 26 raw water samples, 77 treated water samples and 143 tap water samples in beijing were collected for analysis of group a rotavirus from april 2006 to august 2007. according to the results, it was ... | 2009 | 19330275 |
| prevention of rotavirus disease: updated guidelines for use of rotavirus vaccine. | this statement updates and replaces the 2007 american academy of pediatrics statement for prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis. in february 2006, a live oral human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (rv5 [rotateq]) was licensed as a 3-dose series for use in infants in the united states. the american academy of pediatrics recommended routine use of rv5 in infants in the united states. in april 2008, a live, oral, human attenuated rotavirus vaccine (rv1 [rotarix]) was licensed as a 2-dose ser ... | 2009 | 19332437 |
| rotavirus disease and prevention through vaccination. | rotavirus is the most common cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis in children and is associated with substantial morbidity in the united states and morbidity and mortality in the developing world. two orally administered vaccines, a live bovine reassortant vaccine (rv5; licensed in 2006) and a live attenuated human vaccine (rv1; licensed in 2008), are now being used in a universal infant vaccination program in the united states. there is already ecologic evidence and data from post-licensur ... | 2009 | 19333083 |
| full genomic analysis of a human group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain from eastern india provides evidence for porcine-to-human interspecies transmission. | deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a group a rotavirus g9p[6] strain (designated as mcs/13-07), detected from a 3-year-old child in eastern india, revealed a vp8* closely related to porcine p[6] strains (p[6] sublineage 1d), and the vp7 clustered with g9 lineage-iii strains. to our knowledge, this is the first report of human p[6] strain clustering in sublineage id. thus, to further characterize the evolutionary diversity of strain mcs/13-07, all gene segments were analyzed ... | 2009 | 19333549 |
| existing antiviral vaccines. | the innovation of vaccines has allowed for one of the greatest advancements in the history of public health. the first of the vaccines have been the antiviral vaccines, in particular the smallpox vaccine that was first developed by edward jenner in 1796. this article will review vaccination for the following viral diseases: measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis a, hepatitis b, influenza, rotavirus, rabies, monkeypox, smallpox, japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever. | 2009 | 19335723 |
| first detection of p[6],g9 rotaviruses in hungary--an imported strain from india? | eurorotanet was launched to monitor rotavirus strain prevalence during and after introduction of rotavirus vaccines in europe. in early 2007, we detected p[6],g9 rotaviruses to appear in hungary, representing the first documented occurrence of this strain in our surveillance area. epidemiologic data suggested that this strain was introduced from india. | 2009 | 19335818 |
| novel approach for detection of enteric viruses to enable syndrome surveillance of acute viral gastroenteritis. | acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with viruses, particularly noroviruses, being the leading cause in developed countries. in the netherlands, systematic surveillance of gastroenteritis outbreaks of suspected viral etiology was established by the national institute for public health and the environment in 1994. since 2002, the total number of outbreaks reported has been increasing, and with that comes the need for sensitive assays that can be performed quickly. i ... | 2009 | 19339472 |
| a longitudinal cohort study in calves evaluated for rotavirus infections from 1 to 12 months of age by sequential serological assays. | using an immunocytochemical staining assay involving six different recombinant baculoviruses with each expressing one of the major bovine rotavirus vp7 (g6, g8 and g10) and vp4 (p6[1], p7[5] and p8[11]) serotypes, we analyzed igg antibody responses to individual proteins in archival serum samples collected from 31 calves monthly from 1 to 12 months of age during 1974-1975 in higley, arizona. seroresponses to vp7 and vp4, as determined by a fourfold or greater antibody response, were not always e ... | 2009 | 19343476 |
| global etiology of travelers' diarrhea: systematic review from 1973 to the present. | fifty-one published studies of travelers' diarrhea (td) were examined to look for regional differences in pathogens identified. enterotoxigenic e. coli was detected in 1,678/5,518 (30.4%) of td cases overall, with rates in latin america/caribbean (l. america), africa, south asia, and southeast asia of 1,109/3,302 (33.6%), 389/1,217 (31.2%), 153/499 (30.6%), and 36/500 (7.2%), respectively (p < 0.001). enteroaggregative e. coli was the second most common agent in l. america, found in 166/689 (24. ... | 2009 | 19346386 |
| [acceptance and safety of vaccines]. | as a result of decreasing willingness to be vaccinated some diseases, which seemingly had been eradicated, may reappear. one example for this is the increase of measles cases in the united kingdom since the 1990s after a decrease of immunization rate in response to a subsequently discredited publication suggesting a link between the triple measles, mumps and rubella vaccine and autism. as the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases decreases, vaccine safety dominates personal risk-benefit anal ... | 2009 | 19353475 |
| shared and group-specific features of the rotavirus rna polymerase reveal potential determinants of gene reassortment restriction. | rotaviruses (rvs) are nonenveloped, 11-segmented, double-stranded rna viruses that are major pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis. group a, b, and c rvs have been isolated from humans; however, intergroup gene reassortment does not occur for reasons that remain unclear. this restriction might reflect the failure of the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp; vp1) to recognize and replicate the rna of a different group. to address this possibility, we contrasted the sequences, struct ... | 2009 | 19357162 |
| the studies on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonatal calves and determination of virulence gene markers of escherichia coli strains by multiplex pcr. | the purpose of this study was to determine aetiological agents of diarrhoea in neonatal calves and to investigate virulence gene markers of escherichia coli strains isolated from calves by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). eighty-two diarrhoeic calves and 18 healthy calves were used as subjects. faeces were taken from the rectums of all the calves and were subjected to bacterial culture. antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was performed to detect rotavirus, coronavirus and ... | 2009 | 18771515 |
| evaluation of rapid assays for the detection of bovine coronavirus, rotavirus a and cryptosporidium parvum in faecal samples of calves. | rapid immunochromatographic assays for detecting infections with bovine coronavirus (bcv), rotavirus a and cryptosporidium parvum in calf faeces were evaluated using as gold standards a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (bcv and rotavirus) and a sedimentation-flotation technique (c. parvum). rapid tests for the detection of bcv and rotavirus showed a high specificity (96.4% and 95.3%, respectively), but a relatively low sensitivity (60.0% and 71.9%, respectively). sensitivity and s ... | 2009 | 18778958 |
| prospective study of etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in child care centers. | to investigate the etiology of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children attending childcare centers (cccs) in north carolina between october 2005 and march 2007. | 2009 | 18783794 |
| monitoring the rate of hospitalization before rotavirus immunization in italy utilizing icd9-cm regional databases. | recently, two rotavirus (rv) vaccines were licensed in italy, rendering rv illness a vaccine preventable disease. to assess the rv hospitalization rate in italy, a study focused on the regional hospital discharge forms (hdd) databases was carried out. | 2009 | 18802404 |
| efficacy of high-dose lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in controlling acute watery diarrhea in indian children: a randomized controlled trial. | to evaluate the effective dose of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) as probiotic in acute watery diarrhea (awd) in indian children. | 2009 | 18813028 |
| [sensitivity and specificity of the vikia rota-adeno immuno-chromatographic test (biomérieux) and the elisa ideia rotavirus kit (dako) compared to genotyping]. | the performances of two diagnostic tests for rotavirus infection in stool samples were evaluated during a prospective study in children of less than 36 months in child-care centers of lyon from november 2004 to may 2005. the vikia rota-adeno immuno-chromatographic test (biomérieux) and the elisa ideia rotavirus kit (dako) were compared with a referral method, the genotyping. fifty-seven stool samples were collected and analyzed by rt-pcr. the virus genome was detected in 29 samples. the most fre ... | 2009 | 18838230 |
| rotavirus vaccines: opportunities and challenges. | each year rotavirus gastroenteritis episodes in young children cause more than 500,000 deaths and 2.4 million hospital admissions worldwide. vaccine development became a priority when improved personal hygiene and living standards failed to significantly reduce this disease burden. rotavirus vaccines were developed mimicking natural immunity by protecting against severe gastroenteritis in young children, which would otherwise lead to health-care attendance, hospitalization or even death. license ... | 2009 | 18838873 |
| unexpected substitution of dominant rotavirus g genotypes in french hospitalized children over five consecutive seasons. | the study was designed to evaluate the circulation of group a rotaviruses in french hospitalized children, and to detect unusual strains. this prospective study was conducted from 2001 to 2006 in children consulting for acute diarrhea at the pediatric emergency department in three french university hospitals. the rotaviruses were detected by rapid test and genotyped by rt-pcr on the basis of their outer capsid proteins vp4 (p-type) and vp7 (g-type). the stools from 757 children were analyzed. g1 ... | 2009 | 18855026 |
| brucella spp. lumazine synthase as a bovine rotavirus antigen delivery system. | brucella spp. lumazine synthase (bls) is a highly immunogenic decameric protein. it has been previously evaluated as a carrier to increase the immunogenicity of peptides fused to its n-termini. vp8 is a sialic acid binding domain of rotavirus external capsid protein vp4, which is involved in virus adhesion to host cells. in this work, the c486 bovine rotavirus (brv) vp8 core protein (vp8d) was fused to the structure of bls with the aim to produce an enhancement of the immune response against brv ... | 2009 | 18973781 |
| effects on sialic acid recognition of amino acid mutations in the carbohydrate-binding cleft of the rotavirus spike protein. | the rotavirus spike protein vp4 mediates attachment to host cells and subsequent membrane penetration. the vp8(*) domain of vp4 forms the spike tips and is proposed to recognize host-cell surface glycans. for sialidase-sensitive rotaviruses such as rhesus (rrv), this recognition involves terminal sialic acids. we show here that the rrv vp8(*)(64-224) protein competes with rrv infection of host cells, demonstrating its relevance to infection. in addition, we observe that the amino acids revealed ... | 2009 | 18974199 |
| phylogeny of g9 rotavirus genotype: a possible explanation of its origin and evolution. | g9 rotavirus genotype was isolated in the 1980s and re-emerged without a clear explanation in the mid-1990s as one of the most frequently occurring genotypes with distinct genetic and molecular characteristics. | 2009 | 18977689 |
| cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination: exploring caregiver(s) and "no medical care'' disease impact in belgium. | to estimate the cost-effectiveness of universal childhood rotavirus vaccination in belgium, taking into account the impact of caregiver burden and the burden of sick children for whom no medical care is sought ("no medical care'' ). | 2009 | 18948433 |
| rotavirus infection increases the risk of bacteremia in children with nontyphoid salmonella gastroenteritis. | to evaluate whether there is any impact of rotavirus infection on nontyphoid salmonella (nts) gastroenteritis, a total of 207 diarrheal children who had positive stool culture for nts and also a stool examination for the rotavirus antigen were retrospectively analyzed. according to the positivity of the stool rotavirus antigen, patients were divided into two groups and compared with regard to demographic data, clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications. the results showed that the ... | 2009 | 18949496 |
| broadly reactive taqman assay for real-time rt-pcr detection of rotavirus in clinical and environmental samples. jin2@cdc.gov. | rotaviruses are enteric pathogens responsible for a significant burden of disease, especially in children, through person-to-person transmission and exposure to contaminated food and water. in the present study, a taqman probe-based real-time reverse transcriptase (rt) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed and validated for sensitive and specific detection and quantification of rotavirus for the routine screening of clinical and environmental samples. the assay primers and probes w ... | 2009 | 18951923 |
| molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infections among children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in shanghai, china, 2001 through 2005. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children in the world. knowing the prevalence and genotypes of these infections is important for implementing vaccination programs. | 2009 | 19010730 |
| risk factors for nosocomial rotavirus infection in a paediatric hospital: the potential role for rotavirus vaccine use. | to analyze the incidence and risk factors (rf) of nosocomial infection (ni) in a paediatric teaching hospital, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in salvador, brazil. the centres for disease control and prevention definitions were used. the detection of the rotavirus antigen in stool was performed using a rapid latex agglutination test. the study group comprised 2978 admissions that accounted for 32,924 patient-days. the incidence of ni was 8.3/1000 patient-days and 9.2/100 admissions. o ... | 2009 | 19014989 |
| incidence of hepatotropic viruses in biliary atresia. | biliary atresia (ba) is the most frequent indication for paediatric liver transplantation. we tested the hypothesis of a viral aetiology of this disease by screening liver samples of a large number of ba patients for the common human hepatotropic viruses. moreover, we correlated our findings to the expression of mx protein, which has been shown to be significantly up-regulated during viral infections. seventy-four liver biopsies (taken during kasai portoenterostomy) were tested by polymerase cha ... | 2009 | 18560888 |
| rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals. | rotavirus diarrhea is the major cause of death of millions of children in developing countries besides causing economically significant malady in neonates of many domestic animals. in neonates, the infection is non-viremic, have very short incubation period, and manifests profuse diarrhea and severe dehydration. concurrent infection with secondary pathogens may augment the disease severity. diarrhea occurs due to virus-mediated destruction of absorption efficient enterocytes, activation of enter ... | 2009 | 18622713 |
| formulation, characterization and evaluation of rotavirus encapsulated pla and plga particles for oral vaccination. | polylactide (pla) and polylactide-co-glycolide (plga) particles entrapping rotavirus (strain sa11) were formulated using a solvent evaporation technique. to minimize denaturation of viral antigen during the emulsification process, serum albumin was used as a stabilizer. use of nahco(3) and sucrose during the primary emulsification step resulted in uniform stabilized particles entrapping rotavirus. sonication during the primary emulsion and homogenization during the secondary emulsion process res ... | 2009 | 18608800 |
| effect of lactoferrin on enteric pathogens. | much has been learned in recent years about the mechanisms by which breastfeeding improves child health and survival. however, there has been little progress in using these insights to improve pediatric care. factors that are important for protecting the breast fed infant might be expected to decrease the adverse effects of weaning on diarrhea, growth, and development. lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein with multiple physiological functions (anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulat ... | 2009 | 18472012 |
| rotavirus infection in small bowel transplant: a histologic comparison with acute cellular rejection. | pediatric small bowel transplant recipients are susceptible to diarrhea due to rejection or infectious enteritis, particularly of viral etiology. the most common causes of viral enteritis in this setting are rotavirus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and epstein-barr virus. this study is the first to compare the histologic findings of rotavirus infection with acute cellular rejection in small bowel transplant biopsies. three patients with small bowel transplants had rapid stool antigen test-proven ... | 2009 | 18684006 |
| low cytotoxicity effect of dendrosome as an efficient carrier for rotavirus vp2 gene transferring into a human lung cell line : dendrosome, as a novel intranasally gene porter. | the efficiency of dendrosome (a gene porter) was assessed in transferring recombinant human rotavirus vp2 cdna into a549, a human lung cell line. after gene transferring, transmission electron microscopy showed core-like particles (clps) formation in the transfected cells both with dendrosome and lipofectamine porters. in addition, western blotting analysis showed that the expression of vp2 gene was almost equal in the dendrosome and lipofectamine-transfected cells. also, the cytotoxicity studie ... | 2009 | 17922251 |
| clinical profile and prevalence of rotavirus infection in children presented with acute diarrhea at tertiary care referral hospital at northern part of india. | a prospective analysis of 90 clinically diagnosed cases with acute diarrhea over a period of one year was carried out to determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children between 2 months to 2 years of age. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) were used for detection of rotavirus from stool sample. fourteen (15.6%) of them were found to be positive for group a rotavirus, 9 (23%) cases were between 6 months to 1 year of age. rotavirus e ... | 2009 | 22010485 |
| rotavirus antagonism of the innate immune response. | rotavirus is a primary cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in infants and young children. the virus is sensitive to the antiviral effects triggered by the interferon (ifn)-signaling pathway, an important component of the host cell innate immune response. to counteract these effects, rotavirus encodes a nonstructural protein (nsp1) that induces the degradation of proteins involved in regulating ifn expression, such as members of the ifn regulatory factor (irf) family. in some instances, n ... | 2009 | 21994581 |
| a case of kawasaki disease with anasarca and concomitant rotavirus infection. | we present the case of a child who initially presented with gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis complicated by hyponatraemic dehydration. appropriate intravenous fluid therapy was administered but the patient, still feverish, developed anasarca probably due to hyperpermeability of microvessels following massive inflammation. atypical kawasaki disease was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical findings and laboratory tests. an echocardiogram performed on the 1 ... | 2009 | 21897831 |
| rotavirus infection and epidermal necrolysis of the bowel in a patient with aids. | a 44-year-old man with hiv, with a cd4+ count of 45/µl and a viral load of 88 000 copies/ml, who was completing therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, presented with severe bloody diarrhoea, fevers and abdominal pain. endoscopy revealed total epidermal necrolysis of the colon, and partial epidermal necrolysis of the duodenum, a histologic pattern most typically seen in severe graft versus host disease. computed tomography (ct) documented inflammation of the entire gastrointestinal tract dis ... | 2009 | 22125583 |
| acute encephalopathy associated rotavirus gastroenteritis. | 2009 | 21887204 | |
| gastroenteritis in children. | acute gastroenteritis results from infection of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly with a virus. it is characterised by rapid onset of diarrhoea with or without vomiting, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain. diarrhoea is defined as the frequent passage of unformed, liquid stools. regardless of the cause, the mainstay of management of acute gastroenteritis is provision of adequate fluids to prevent and treat dehydration. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to ans ... | 2009 | 21726481 |
| vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination policy for indigenous populations. | there are many similarities regarding the health status of indigenous people in the 4 english-speaking developed countries of north america and the pacific (united states, canada, australia, new zealand), where they are all now minority populations. although vaccines have contributed to the reduction or elimination of disease disparities for many infections, indigenous people continue to have higher morbidity and mortality from many chronic and infectious diseases compared with the general popul ... | 2009 | 19962021 |
| acute and persistent diarrhea. | socially disadvantaged indigenous infants and children living in western industrialized countries experience high rates of infectious diarrhea, no more so than aboriginal children from remote and rural regions of northern australia. diarrheal disease, poor nutrition, and intestinal enteropathy reflect household crowding, inadequate water and poor sanitation and hygiene. acute episodes of watery diarrhea are often best managed by oral glucose-electrolyte solutions with continuation of breastfeedi ... | 2009 | 19962025 |
| impact of rotavirus vaccination: the importance of monitoring strains. | 2009 | 19995181 | |
| rotavirus disease and vaccination: impact on genotype diversity. | temporal and spatial fluctuations in the genotype distribution of human rotaviruses are continuously observed in surveillance studies. new genotypes, such as g9 and g12, have emerged and spread worldwide in a very short time span. in addition, reassortment events have the potential to contribute substantially to genetic diversity among human and animal rotaviruses. with the recent introduction of the two rotavirus vaccines, rotateq and rotarix, in many countries, it appears that the total number ... | 2009 | 19995190 |
| rotavirus and adenovirus frequency among patients with acute gastroenteritis and their relationship to clinical parameters: a retrospective study in turkey. | abstract: background: diarrhea is the third leading cause of death related to infectious diseases all over the world. the diseases related to viral gastroenteritis are gradually increasing, particularly in the developed countries. the purpose of our study was to determine the frequency and to investigate the clinical manifestations of acute rotavirus and adenovirus gatroenteritis and to assess the diagnostic value of the related clinical findings. methods: in 2007-2008 patients with diarrhea and ... | 2009 | 19943964 |
| rotavirus infection and intussusception in tunisian children: implications for use of attenuated rotavirus vaccines. | a licensed rotavirus vaccine was withdrawn from use because of an increased risk of intussusception. the association of rotavirus vaccination with intussusception raised concerns about a potential link between natural rotavirus disease and intussusception. the objectives of the present study were to determine whether an epidemiological association with natural rotavirus infection existed. | 2009 | 19944222 |
| [rotavirus as a cause of acute diarrhea]. | 2009 | 19935540 | |
| [cloning and expression of rotavirus sa11 vp7 and preparation of igy antibodies against recombinant vp7]. | to prepare eukaryotic expression of rotavirus (rv) sa11 capsid protein vp7, and to generate and purify yolk immunoglobulin (igy) antibodies against the recombinant vp7 from roman hens. | 2009 | 19950723 |
| [nsp5/nsp6 of rotavirus strain tb-chen and preliminary genotyping analysis]. | strain tb-chen is a group a rotavirus (rv) isolated from a chinese infant suffering from gastroenteritis in hospital. the nsp5 and nsp6 of strain tb-chen are encoded by the 10th gene segment (816bp in whole length) of the viral genome. the results obtained in this study showed that the nsp5 was encoded in the first open-reading-frame (orf) of the gene segment (from 22bp to 624bp), and nsp6 was encoded in the second orf (from 80bp to 355bp). the nsp5 protein consisted of 200 amino acid residues w ... | 2009 | 19954111 |
| recombinant porcine rotavirus vp4 and vp4-ltb expressed in lactobacillus casei induced mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice. | porcine rotavirus infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the swine industry necessitating the development of effective vaccines for the prevention of infection. immune responses associated with protection are primarily mucosal in nature and induction of mucosal immunity is important for preventing porcine rotavirus infection. | 2009 | 19958557 |
| update on rotarix: an oral human rotavirus vaccine. | worldwide, rotaviruses are the single most important agents of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children. globally, it is estimated that every year rotavirus gastroenteritis causes more than 125 million episodes of diarrhea and nearly 527,000 deaths, mainly in developing countries. the development of new effective and safe rotavirus vaccines was recognized as the most effective intervention strategy that could yield a significant impact on the burden of rotavirus disease. rotarix is a ... | 2009 | 19943758 |
| vaccines for enteric diseases: update on recent developments. | the 5th international conference on vaccines for enteric diseases (ved) attracted more than 250 delegates, mainly from industrialized countries. a total of 56 papers were presented and 46 posters were displayed to update recent developments in the field of enteric diseases and vaccine development. this 3-day event enabled academic research institutions, pharmaceutical and biotech companies, and international donors to get a sense of what has been going on since the last ved conference in 2007. t ... | 2009 | 19943760 |
| booster vaccinations: can immunologic memory outpace disease pathogenesis? | almost all current vaccines work by the induction of antibodies in serum or on the mucosa to block adherence of pathogens to epithelial cells or interfere with microbial invasion of the bloodstream. however, antibody levels usually decline after vaccination to undetectable amounts if further vaccination does not occur. persistence of vaccine-induced antibodies usually goes well beyond the time when they should have decayed to undetectable levels because of ongoing "natural" boosting or other imm ... | 2009 | 19933727 |
| molecular characterization of a human group c rotavirus detected first in turkey. | the present study was done to find out the prevalence of group b and c rotavirus infections in children with diarrhea presented at two major hospitals in ankara, turkey. group b rotavirus was not found in any samples. one of 122 samples was positive for group c rotavirus. phylogenetic analysis of genes for nonstructural protein nsp4, and structural proteins vp4, vp6, and vp7 confirmed the human origin of this strain. similar to other human group c rotaviruses, one n-glycosylation site was predic ... | 2009 | 19916043 |
| non-rotavirus infection causing apnea in a neonate. | apnea in a premature infant is not always due to immaturity and caffeine is not always the answer. we report a case of apnea in a preterm infant who presented at two weeks of life with increase in frequency of apnea that did not respond to caffeine. family history was significant for diarrhea in a sibling. stool pcr was positive for norovirus genogroup ii. enteric isolation was instituted and the apnea resolved spontaneously with conservative management. re-emergence of apnea or persistent apnea ... | 2009 | 19907939 |