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a case of recurrent benign lymphocytic (mollaret's) meningitis and review of the literature.mollaret's meningitis is a rare form of benign recurrent aseptic meningitis first described in 1944. we report a case of mollaret's meningitis due to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv2), diagnosed with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) implementation in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of the patient and treated successfully with acyclovir. to our knowledge, this is the first case of mollaret's meningitis reported in greece. we reviewed the literature since pcr has become widely available. herpes simp ...201021126724
three-dimensional analysis of combination effect of ellagitannins and acyclovir on herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.the effects of combinations of three nonahydroxyterphenoyl-bearing c-glucosidic ellagitannins (castalagin, vescalagin and grandinin) with acyclovir (acv) on the replication of type-1 and type-2 herpes simplex viruses in mdbk cells were tested by the focus-forming units reduction test. ellagitannins included in these combinations possess a high individual antiviral activity: selectivity index of castalagin and vescalagin versus hsv-1 was similar to that of acv, and relatively lower against hsv-2. ...201021134403
a mucosal vaccination approach for herpes simplex virus type 2.an estimated 1 out of every 5 americans is infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). efforts in developing a potent vaccine for hsv-2 have shown limited success. here we describe a heterologous vaccination strategy for hsv-2 based on an intramuscular dna prime followed by a liposome-encapsulated antigen boost delivered intranasally. both portions of the vaccine express the immunogenic hsv-2 glycoprotein d. in female balb/c mice, this heterologous immunisation regimen stimulated high tit ...201021134447
prevalence and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections in a high-risk occupational group: the case of fishermen along lake victoria in kisumu, kenya.the aim of this study was to assess prevalence and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (stis) among fishermen along lake victoria, kenya. this cross-sectional study surveyed 250 fishermen from beaches in kisumu district using proportional-to-size sampling based on the number of registered boats per beach. participants provided demographic and sexual behaviour information, blood for hiv-1 herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and syphilis serological tests urine for transcription-media ...201021139150
availability of serologic and virologic testing for herpes simplex virus in the largest sexually transmitted disease clinics in the united states.background:: the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) in the united states is estimated to be 57.7% for hsv 1 and 17.0% for hsv 2. the centers for disease control and prevention recommends that both virologic and serologic tests be available at clinics that examined clients at risk for sexually transmitted diseases. methods:: a telephone survey was conducted. providers at the 230 largest sexually transmitted disease clinics in the united states were surveyed regar ...201021139516
inhibition of γ-secretase cleavage in the notch signaling pathway blocks hsv-2-induced type i and type ii interferon production.we have evaluated the role of γ-secretase, which is a crucial component in the notch-induced signaling cascade, on herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-induced innate and acquired interferon responses in human cd4(+) t cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc). we found that blockade of the notch signaling pathway with a pharmacological γ-secretase inhibitor blocked both hsv-2-induced interferon-γ (ifn-γ) production in cd4(+) t cells, and hsv-2-induced ifn-α production in pdc in a dose-depende ...201021142451
hpv-73- and hpv-82 positive anal margin carcinoma with secondary ulcerating herpes simplex-virus 2 infection. 201021143394
characterization, molecular cloning, and in silico analysis of a novel mannose-binding lectin from polygonatum odoratum (mill.) with anti-hsv-ii and apoptosis-inducing activities.polygonatum odoratum lectin (pol), a novel mannose-binding lectin with anti-viral and apoptosis-inducing activities, was isolated from rhizomes of polygonatum odoratum (mill.) druce. pol was a homo-tetramer with molecular weight of 11953.623da per subunits as determined by gel filtration, sds-page and mass spectrometry. based on its n-terminal 29-amino acid sequence the full-length cdna sequence of pol was cloned. subsequent phylogenetic analysis and molecular modeling revealed that pol belonged ...201021146383
loss of the type i interferon pathway increases vulnerability of mice to genital herpes simplex virus 2 infection.the mouse model of genital herpes relies on medoxyprogesterone treatment of female mice to render the vaginal lumen susceptible to inoculation with herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2). in the present study, we report that mice deficient in the a1 chain of the type i interferon receptor (cd118(-/-)) are susceptible to hsv-2 in the absence of medroxyprogesterone preconditioning. in the absence of hormone pretreatment, 2,000 pfu of a clinical isolate of hsv-2 was sufficient to establish a productive inf ...201021147921
a post-trial assessment of factors influencing study drug adherence in a randomized biomedical hiv-1 prevention trial.high adherence and maintenance of blinding are critical for placebo-controlled efficacy trials of hiv-1 biomedical prevention strategies. we assessed adherence to study drug and factors affecting adherence, including perceived randomization group, in a post-trial questionnaire of participants who completed hptn 039, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of hsv-2 suppression with twice-daily acyclovir to reduce hiv-1 acquisition. of the 3172 trial participants, 2003 (63%) completed the post-tria ...201021104007
can herpes simplex virus type 2 suppression slow hiv disease progression: a study protocol for the valacyclovir in delaying antiretroviral treatment entry (validate) trial.although highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has dramatically decreased hiv-related morbidity and mortality, the associated costs, toxicities, and resistance risks make the potential delay of haart initiation an attractive goal. suppression of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) may be a novel strategy for achieving this goal because hsv-2 is associated with clinically significant increases in hiv viral load, the primary driver of hiv disease progression.201021106086
sexually transmitted infections and hiv: epidemiology and interventions.although the association of hiv and sexually transmitted infections (stis) has been well known for 25 years, there is insufficient attention to stis by many hiv providers, in part because patients are asymptomatic or have nonspecific symptoms and because of provider demands and focus. optimal patient care requires frequent testing for stis as well as obtaining an accurate medical history, which requires building trust with patients and asking direct but open-ended questions about risks and sympt ...201021107013
benzalkonium chloride causes colposcopic changes and increased susceptibility to genital herpes infection in mice.colposcopy is widely used in clinical microbicide safety testing but not in preclinical small animal studies. endoscopic colposcopy could be employed in small animals allowing colposcopy to be used as one component in a multifactorial safety testing paradigm.201020803781
undiagnosed hiv infection among adolescents seeking primary health care in zimbabwe.mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection was extremely common in southern africa during the 1990s, and a substantial minority of infected infants have survived to reach adolescence undiagnosed. studies have shown a high prevalence of hiv infection in hospitalized adolescents who have features associated with long-standing hiv infection, including stunting and frequent minor illnesses. we therefore investigated the epidemiology of hiv infection at the primary c ...201020804412
structure activity relationship of dendrimer microbicides with dual action antiviral activity.topical microbicides, used by women to prevent the transmission of hiv and other sexually transmitted infections are urgently required. dendrimers are highly branched nanoparticles being developed as microbicides. however, the anti-hiv and hsv structure-activity relationship of dendrimers comprising benzyhydryl amide cores and lysine branches, and a comprehensive analysis of their broad-spectrum anti-hiv activity and mechanism of action have not been published.201020808791
herpes simplex virus 2 icp0 mutant viruses are avirulent and immunogenic: implications for a genital herpes vaccine.herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) icp0(-) mutants are interferon-sensitive, avirulent, and elicit protective immunity against hsv-1 (virol j, 2006, 3:44). if an icp0(-) mutant of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) exhibited similar properties, such a virus might be used to vaccinate against genital herpes. the current study was initiated to explore this possibility. several hsv-2 icp0(-) mutant viruses were constructed and evaluated in terms of three parameters: i. interferon-sensitivity; ii. virulence ...201020808928
mollaret meningitis: case report with a familial association. 201020825883
cidofovir does not prevent caprine herpesvirus type-1 neural latency in goats.cidofovir (cdv) is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that exhibits a potent antiviral activity against several dna viruses. in previous studies, cdv has been shown to significantly reduce the clinical severity and the viral shedding in primary caprine herpesvirus type-1 (cphv-1) infection in goats. cphv-1 is an alpha-herpesvirus showing many biological similarities with human herpesvirus type-2 (hhv-2); therefore, studies conducted on the cphv-1 goat model could provide useful information on the ...201020710060
asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding-potential pitfalls of broader testing and aggressive suppression. 201020718636
synthesis, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of schiff bases of some 2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)h-ones.a new series of 3-(benzylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3h)-ones were prepared through schiff base formation of 3-amino-2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)h-one with various substituted carbonyl compounds. their chemical structures were elucidated by spectral studies. cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evaluated against herpes simplex virus-1 (kos), herpes simplex virus-2 (g), vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus-1 tk- kos acvr, para influenza-3 virus, reovirus-1, sind ...201020724039
seroprevalence and determinants of eight high-risk human papillomavirus types in homosexual men, heterosexual men, and women: a population-based study in amsterdam.to determine differences in the seroprevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrhpv) types between men having sex with men (msm), heterosexual men and women, we analyzed seroprevalence and risk factors for 8 hrhpv in the general population of amsterdam, the netherlands.201020729796
activity of acetone and methanol extracts from thirty-one medicinal plant species against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.thirty-one medicinal plant species from hawaii, morocco, and the sonoran desert, usa have been shown in past studies to be highly inhibitory to pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and certain cancer cell lines. however, none were tested for antiviral activity.201020731556
genotypic characterization of ul23 thymidine kinase and ul30 dna polymerase of clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus: natural polymorphism and mutations associated with resistance to antivirals.the molecular mechanisms of herpes simplex virus (hsv) resistance to antiviral drugs interfering with viral dna synthesis reported so far rely on the presence of mutations within ul23 (thymidine kinase [tk]) and ul30 (dna polymerase) genes. the interpretation of genotypic antiviral resistance assay results requires the clear distinction between resistance mutations and natural interstrain sequence variations. the objectives of this work were to describe extensively the natural polymorphism of ul ...201020733037
phenoxazine derivatives suppress the infections caused by herpes simplex virus type-1 and herpes simplex virus type-2 intravaginally inoculated into mice.we examined the in vivo antiviral activities of 2-amino-4,4α-dihydro-4α-7-dimethyl-3h-phenoxazine-3-one (phx-1), 3-amino-1,4α-dihydro-4α-8-dimethyl-2h-phenoxazine-2-one (phx-2), and 2-aminophenoxazine-3-one (phx-3) against herpes viruses. the virus yield three days after administration, changes in the 6-degree's lesion scores, and the morbidity were assessed after herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) [acyclovir (acv)-sensitive kos strain or acv-resistant a4-3 strain] or hsv-2 (acv-sensitive uw 26 ...201020736512
gender and age patterns in hsv-2 and hiv infection among non-injecting drug users in new york city.to examine prevalence of and associations between herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection and hiv infection among never-injecting heroin and cocaine drug users (nidus) in new york city.201020838366
virucidal activity and chemical composition of essential oils from aromatic plants of central west argentina.the essential oils of seven aromatic plants from central west argentina were isolated by steam distillation and analyzed by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique. the oils were screened for cytotoxicity and in vitro inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), dengue virus type 2 (denv-2) and junin virus (junv). the oils showed a variable virucidal action according to the virus. junv was the least susceptible virus in comparison with hsv-1 and denv-2. the better re ...201020839642
reevaluating herpes simplex virus hemifusion.membrane fusion induced by enveloped viruses proceeds through the actions of viral fusion proteins. once activated, viral fusion proteins undergo large protein conformational changes to execute membrane fusion. fusion is thought to proceed through a "hemifusion" intermediate in which the outer membrane leaflets of target and viral membranes mix (lipid mixing) prior to fusion pore formation, enlargement, and completion of fusion. herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) requires four glycoproteins-gly ...201020844038
male circumcision: africa and beyond?male circumcision has become an important component of hiv prevention strategies in africa. results of recent trials have renewed interest in this ancient procedure and its potential application in the reduction of sexually transmitted infections (stis). with renewed interest comes controversy, which has always been a close companion to circumcision.201020844437
the quantitative detection of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus dnas in recipient corneal buttons.we detected herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) dnas in recipient corneal buttons taken at the time of penetrating keratoplasty.201020847665
improved dna vaccination by skin-targeted delivery using dry-coated densely-packed microprojection arrays.hsv-2-gd2 dna vaccine was precisely delivered to immunologically sensitive regions of the skin epithelia using dry-coated microprojection arrays. these arrays delivered a vaccine payload to the epidermis and the upper dermis of mouse skin. immunomicroscopy results showed that, in 43 ± 5% of microprojection delivery sites, the dna vaccine was delivered to contact with professional antigen presenting cells in the epidermal layer. associated with this efficient delivery of the vaccine into the vici ...201020850487
dna vaccine delivery by densely-packed and short microprojection arrays to skin protects against vaginal hsv-2 challenge.there is an unmet medical need for a prophylactic vaccine against herpes simplex virus (hsv). dna vaccines and cutaneous vaccination have been tried for many applications, but few reports combine this vaccine composition and administration route. we compared dna administration using the nanopatch™, a solid microprojection device coated with vaccine comprised of thousands of short (110 μm) densly-packed projections (70 μm spacing), to standard intramuscular dna vaccination in a mouse model of vag ...201020851091
to what extent is the hiv epidemic in southern india driven by commercial sex? a modelling analysis.in south india, general population hiv prevalence estimates range from 0.5 to 3%. to focus hiv prevention efforts, it is important to understand whether hiv transmission is driven by commercial sex.201020852405
[prolonged bone marrow aplasia in patients with acute leukemia after chemotherapy].to analyze the causes of prolonged hematopoietic tissue aplasias in patients with acute leukemias (al) after chemotherapy courses.201020853606
herpes simplex virus infection in a university health population: clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and implications.the authors described clinical presentations of oral and genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections in a university health population and implications of these findings.201020864431
viral loads of herpes simplex virus in clinical samples--a 5-year retrospective analysis.viral loads of herpes simplex virus (hsv) are not monitored usually for the effective clinical management of hsv-related diseases. however, recently, there has been more interest about the typical hsv levels in clinical specimens, and how such data may improve understanding of the behavior of this virus in such clinical presentations, particularly in immunocompromised patients, where more prolonged therapy using higher doses of antiviral drugs may be required. using an in-house quantitative hsv- ...201020872718
[effects of silver and silicon dioxide nanopowders on the development of herpesvirus infection in vitro].estimation of the potential ability of nanoparticles (np) to affect human health has generated a need for developing rapid, sensitive, and efficient laboratory tests of the toxicity of nanomaterials. the purpose of the investigation was to study the cytotoxic effect of np of silver (ag) and silicon dioxide (sio2). the transplantable vero cells treated with np at different concentrations were used as target cells. some experiments examined the combined effects of nanopowders and herpes simplex vi ...201020873393
time trends of syphilis and hsv-2 co-infection among men who have sex with men in the german hiv-1 seroconverter cohort from 1996-2007.numbers of newly diagnosed hiv infections among men who have sex with men (msm) in germany increased after the year 2000. we sought to explore trends in sti co-infections around the time of hiv seroconversion in patients from the german hiv-1 seroconverter cohort from 1996-2007.201020876750
the regai dzive shiri project: results of a randomized trial of an hiv prevention intervention for youth.hiv prevention among young people in southern africa is a public health priority. there is little rigorous evidence of the effectiveness of different intervention approaches. we describe findings of a cluster randomized trial of a community-based, multicomponent hiv, and reproductive health intervention aimed at changing social norms for adolescents in rural zimbabwe.201020881473
treatment of herpes simplex virus infections in pediatric patients: current status and future needs.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) are members of the herpesviridae family and are characterized by their ability to establish latency after primary infection and subsequently reactivate. hsv infections in the neonatal and pediatric populations range from uncomplicated mucocutaneous diseases to severe, life-threatening infections involving the central nervous system (cns). the antiviral agent acyclovir has significantly improved treatment outcomes of hsv infections, including ...201020881952
[use of interferon inducers for pharmacological correction of cytokine disturbances in patients with recurrent genital herpes].the level ofcytokines was studied in the blood of 111 women aged 18 to 56 with recurrent genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 or 2 (for the frequency of relapses within 6-9 year) treated with interferon inducers iodantipyrin, cycloferon and amixin in combination with basic aciclovir therapy. it is found that, in patients with clinical effect of treatment (decrease in the frequency of relapses) the level of cytokines of nonspecific immune response (alpha-interferon, beta-int ...201020919558
efficacy of cmx001 against herpes simplex virus infections in mice and correlations with drug distribution studies.cmx001, an orally active lipid conjugate of cidofovir, is 50 times more active in vitro against herpes simplex virus (hsv) replication than acyclovir or cidofovir. these studies compared the efficacy of cmx001 to acyclovir in balb/c mice inoculated intranasally with hsv types 1 or 2. cmx001 was effective in reducing mortality using doses of 5 to 1.25 mg/kg administered orally once daily, even when treatments were delayed 48-72 h post viral inoculation. organ samples obtained from mice treated wi ...201020923374
the use of ozonated water and 0.2% chlorhexidine in the treatment of periodontitis patients: a clinical and microbiologic study.the development of periodontal disease has been thought to be associated with several restricted members of the oral anaerobic species, such as black-pigmented porphyromonas species and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (aa), in the subgingival environment. apart from bacteria, certain viruses and fungi that are associated with periodontal disease are also present in the subgingival plaque .201020930341
development of an in vitro alternative assay method for vaginal irritation.the vaginal mucosa is commonly exposed to chemicals and therapeutic agents that may result in irritation and/or inflammation. in addition to acute effects, vaginal irritation and inflammation can make women more susceptible to infections such as hiv-1 and herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2). hence, the vaginal irritation potential of feminine care formulations and vaginally administered therapeutic agents is a significant public health concern. traditionally, testing of such materials has been perfor ...201020937349
no selection of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance associated mutations by acyclovir suppressive therapy in herpes simplex virus-2/hiv-1 dually infected persons. 201020940537
[herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2]. 201020942065
associations between childhood adversity and depression, substance abuse and hiv and hsv2 incident infections in rural south african youth.to describe prevalence of childhood experiences of adversity in rural south african youth and their associations with health outcomes.201020943270
circumcision and herpes simplex virus-2 infection among spouses. 201020943825
case for diagnosis.since the first reports and descriptions of aids in the early 1980s, herpetic infection has been considered as one of the most prevalent and opportunistic aids related infections in patients with retroviral diseases infection by herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2), the etiologic agent responsible for 60% to 90% of the cases of genital herpes, is very common among patients suffering from aids. herpes simplex type 2 infection may cause severe and prolonged (over a period of time of one month) mucocutane ...201020944923
a rapid and simple isothermal nucleic acid amplification test for detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.a simple and rapid isoamp hsv assay has been developed for qualitative detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 from genital lesions. sample preparation involved a simple dilution step and the diluted specimens were directly added to the device and amplified by isothermal helicase-dependent amplification (hda). amplification products were then detected by a dna strip embedded in a disposable cassette without any instrument. the total test turn-around time is less than 1.5h from spec ...201020947417
immunology. painful failure of promising genital herpes vaccine. 201020947733
can we reduce the spread of hiv infection by suppressing herpes simplex virus type 2 infection?overwhelming evidence from observational epidemiological studies indicates that herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection enhances the risk of acquiring hiv infection. studies of genital shedding of hiv have suggested that hsv-2 infection also increases the onward transmission of hiv-1 by hiv/hsv-2 co-infected patients. several randomized controlled trials were initiated to assess the impact of hsv-2 suppressive therapy on the acquisition of hiv infection by hsv-2 infected men and women, and ...201020948843
the environment and susceptibility to schizophrenia.in the present article the putative role of environmental factors in schizophrenia is reviewed and synthesized. accumulating evidence from recent studies suggests that environmental exposures may play a more significant role in the etiopathogenesis of this disorder than previously thought. this expanding knowledge base is largely a consequence of refinements in the methodology of epidemiologic studies, including birth cohort investigations, and in preclinical research that has been inspired by t ...201020955757
mucosal host immune response predicts the severity and duration of herpes simplex virus-2 genital tract shedding episodes.herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) shedding episodes in humans vary markedly in duration and virologic titer within an infected person over time, an observation that is unexplained. to evaluate whether host or virological factors more closely accounted for this variability, we combined measures of viral replication and cd8(+) lymphocyte density in genital biopsies, with a stochastic mathematical model of hsv-2 infection. model simulations reproduced quantities of virus and duration of shedding detec ...201020956313
coexistent cervical spine fusion and thoracic disc herniations with acute myelitis.thoracic disc herniations are commonly found in asymptomatic individuals, sometimes with genetic predisposition. congenital fusions of cervical vertebrae occur in klippel-feil syndrome, which may be asymptomatic or cause compressive myelitis due to cervical instability or associated herniated discs. we report the case of a 72-year-old man with monophasic acute transverse myelitis probably caused by herpes simplex virus, coexistent with fused cervical vertebrae (c4-c5) and thoracic herniated disc ...201020956874
herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis and symptomatic migraine. 201020957382
mouse cd8alpha+ dcs and human bdca3+ dcs are major producers of ifn-lambda in response to poly ic.polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly ic), a double-stranded rna, is an effective adjuvant in vivo. ifn-λs (also termed il-28/29) are potent immunomodulatory and antiviral cytokines. we demonstrate that poly ic injection in vivo induces large amounts of ifn-λ, which depended on hematopoietic cells and the presence of tlr3 (toll-like receptor 3), irf3 (ifn regulatory factor 3), irf7, ifn-i receptor, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (fl), and irf8 but not on myd88 (myeloid differentiation fact ...201020975040
herpes simplex virus type 2 associated with hiv infection among new york heterosexuals living in high-risk areas.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) has been shown to increase the risk of sexual human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission. a matched case-control design was used to examine the association between hsv-2 and hiv infection among heterosexuals in 'high-risk areas' (hras) in new york city (nyc). we identified nyc hras using hiv surveillance data on heterosexual-related adult hiv diagnoses and usa census data on household poverty. heterosexuals who were socially or geographically linked to an ...201020975092
[genital herpes--epidemiological and clinical issue still of importance].genital herpes (gh) is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted diseases and the most frequent cause of genital ulcer diseases. its etiological agent is herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or 2 (hsv-2). the role of hsv-1 as a cause of gh is increasing, especially among adolescents in developed countries. the principal route of infection with hsv is asymptomatic viral shedding. the infection is life-long, despite treatment. the data on the prevalence and incidence of gh is incomplete, mainly ...201020976950
targeting the hotspots: investigating spatial and demographic variations in hiv infection in small communities in south africa.in south africa, the severity of the hiv/aids epidemic varies according to geographical location; hence, localized monitoring of the epidemic would enable more effective prevention strategies. our objectives were to assess the core areas of hiv infection in kwazulu-natal, south africa, using epidemiological data among sexually active women from localized communities.201020979651
contraceptive practices, sexual and reproductive health needs of hiv-positive and negative female sex workers in goa, india.in india, female sex workers (fsws), suffer from high hiv prevalence and abortions. contraceptive use among general population women is well understood. however, fsws contraceptives practices and reproductive health needs are under-researched. we investigated contraceptive practices among hiv-positive and negative fsws in goa, india and explored its association with socio-demographic and sex work related factors.201020980465
a fas gene polymorphism influences herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in south african women.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is a common sexually transmitted infection (sti) worldwide that causes genital infection. among several factors responsible, host genetic factors may play an important role in susceptibility to hsv-2 infection. apoptosis is a vital mechanism in eliminating virus-infected cells and controlling viral infections. apoptosis can be regulated and triggered by the interaction between fas and fas ligand (fasl). polymorphisms in genes encoding fas and fasl might result ...201020981796
herpetic necrotizing retinitis following flucinolone acetonide intravitreal implant.to report a case of herpes simplex virus-induced herpetic necrotizing retinitis after placement of a flucinolone acetonide (retisert) intravitreal implant.201021034309
completely assembled virus particles detected by transmission electron microscopy in proximal and mid-axons of neurons infected with herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2 and pseudorabies virus.the morphology of alphaherpesviruses during anterograde axonal transport from the neuron cell body towards the axon terminus is controversial. reports suggest that transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) nucleocapsids and envelope proteins occurs in separate compartments and that complete virions form at varicosities or axon termini (subassembly transport model), while transport of a related alphaherpesvirus, pseudorabies virus (prv) occurs as enveloped capsids in vesicles (assembled tr ...201021036381
pemphigus vulgaris and herpesviruses: is there any relationship?pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder, which results from interaction of exogenous and endogenous factors. one of these environmental factors is viral infections particularly, herpesviruses. we aimed to detect the presence of hsv 1 and 2 (herpes simplex virus) and hhv8 (human herpesvirus 8) in our patients who were suffering from pemphigus vulgaris.201021038546
fulminant herpes simplex virus hepatic failure in pregnancy requiring liver transplantation.herpes simplex virus hepatitis is a rare but potentially fatal condition that usually affects the immunocompromised, including pregnant women. this case report details the course of fulminant hepatic failure in a woman at 31 weeks gestation resulting in emergent delivery of the fetus and liver transplant in the mother.201021039387
[experience with multiplex nested pcr and fluorescent antibody tests in the diagnosis of acute central nervous system infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2].the specific diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infections has an extreme importance in acute infections of central nervous system due to both availability of specific antiviral therapy and the possible serious consequences of the disease. aims: evaluation of the relevance and interpretation of the results of pcr and the specific antibody testing. methods: home made multiplex nested herpes simplex virus pcr and immunofluorescent igm, iga, igg antibody tests were carried out in a tota ...201021044940
seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type-2 among patients attending the sexually transmitted infections clinic in jos, nigeria.infection with herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) is the primary cause of genital herpes and the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (gud) worldwide.  there is little information on the prevalence of hsv-2 in nigeria.201021045370
synthesis and antiviral activities of synthetic glutarimide derivatives.a series of novel glutarimide compounds were synthesized and their antiviral activities were evaluated. the compounds displaying the strongest antiviral activities included 5, 6f, 7e and 9 against coxsackievirus b3 (cox b3), 10 and 6f against influenza virus a (influenza a) and 7a against herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2). however, most of the synthetic glutarimides showed comparatively much weaker activity against influenza a, cox b3 and hsv-2 than the natural glutarimide compounds tested. based o ...201021048333
the effect of emodin, an anthraquinone derivative extracted from the roots of rheum tanguticum, against herpes simplex virus in vitro and in vivo.herpes simplex viruses (hsv-1 and -2) are important pathogens for humans and the discovery of novel anti-hsv drugs with low toxicity deserves great efforts. rhubarb is one of the oldest and best-known traditional chinese medicines. we initiated this study to test if emodin is the active ingredients from rheum tanguticum (r. tanguticum, one of the chinese rhubarb) against hsv infection and to investigate its antiviral activity on hsv infection in tissue culture cells and in a mouse model.201021050882
[evaluation of a dominant-negative recombinant herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 as a vaccine against genital herpes in mice und guinea pigs].genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. currently, no safe and effective vaccine against hsv is available. cj9-gd is a completely replication-defective hsv-1 recombinant which inhibits replication of wild-type hsv-1/-2 in co-infected cells (dominant-negative effect). moreover, it expresses high levels of hsv-1 major antigen glycoprotein d (gd). immunization with cj9-gd induces strong and long-lasting humoral and th1-l ...201021052616
[prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus infections among aids patients in a county of shanxi province, china].to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and its correlates among hiv/aids patients in a county of shanxi.201021055128
modelling the interactions between herpes simplex virus type 2 and hiv: implications for the hiv epidemic in southern india.the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in the hiv epidemic and the potential impact of hsv-2 suppressive therapy have previously been explored only within the context of sub-saharan africa. in this analysis, modelling is used to estimate the contribution of hsv-2 to hiv transmission from clients to female sex workers (fsw) in a southern indian setting and the maximum potential impact of 'perfect' hsv-2 suppressive therapy on hiv incidence.201021059838
prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus-2 and syphilis infections in the general population in india.to determine the prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2) and syphilis infections in the general population in india.201021059842
seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 among the indigenous population of cape york, far north queensland, australia.the objective of this study was to obtain representative seroprevalence data for the indigenous population of far north queensland by measuring the age- and sex-specific seroprevalence of the herpes simplex viruses (hsv-1 and hsv-2) in cape york.201021062586
prevalence, incidence, and persistence of syphilis infection in female sex workers in a chinese province.summarythe study's objectives were to investigate the prevalence, incidence, persistence, and associated risk factors of syphilis in female sex workers (fsws) in kaiyuan city, yunnan, china. three serial cross-sectional surveys were conducted and biological specimens were collected and tested for hiv, sexually transmitted infections, and drug use. the logistic generalized estimating equation regression model was used to identify risk factors for prevalent syphilis. the prevalence of syphilis was ...201021073767
immune-based approaches to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hiv-1: active and passive immunization.despite more than 2 decades of research, an effective vaccine that can prevent hiv-1 infection in populations exposed to the virus remains elusive. in the pursuit of an hiv-1 vaccine, does prevention of exposure to maternal hiv-1 in utero, at birth or in early life through breast milk require special consideration? this article reviews what is known about the immune mechanisms of susceptibility and resistance to mother-to-child transmission (mtct) of hiv-1 and summarizes studies that have used p ...201021078451
resistance of herpes simplex viruses to nucleoside analogues: mechanisms, prevalence, and management.herpes simplex viruses (hsv) type 1 and type 2 are responsible for recurrent orolabial and genital infections. the standard therapy for the management of hsv infections includes acyclovir (acv) and penciclovir (pcv) with their respective prodrugs valacyclovir and famciclovir. these compounds are phosphorylated by the viral thymidine kinase (tk) and then by cellular kinases. the triphosphate forms selectively inhibit the viral dna polymerase (dna pol) activity. drug-resistant hsv isolates are fre ...201021078929
genital herpes evaluation by quantitative taqman pcr: correlating single detection and quantity of hsv-2 dna in cervicovaginal lavage fluids with cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical data.to evaluate the utility of a single quantitative pcr (qpcr) measurement of hsv (hsv-1&2) dna in cervicovaginal lavage (cvl) specimens collected from women with predominantly chronic hsv-2 infection in assessing genital hsv shedding and the clinical course of genital herpes (gh) within a cohort with semiannual schedule of follow up and collection of specimens.201021087488
microbicide excipients can greatly increase susceptibility to genital herpes transmission in the mouse.several active ingredients proposed as vaginal microbicides have been shown paradoxically to increase susceptibility to infection in mouse genital herpes (hsv-2) vaginal susceptibility models and in clinical trials. in addition, "inactive ingredients" (or excipients) used in topical products to formulate and deliver the active ingredient might also cause epithelial toxicities that increase viral susceptibility. however, excipients have not previously been tested in susceptibility models.201021087496
guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of genital herpes in eastern european countries.these guidelines aim to provide comprehensive information about sexually transmitted herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection and its laboratory diagnosis in eastern european countries. they are primarily intended for professionals testing specimens from patients at a sexual healthcare clinic but may also be helpful for community-based screening programmes. in particular, the guidelines recommend: (i) either viral culture or validated and approved nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) as the test ...201021087585
sensitivity and specificity of herpes simplex virus-2 serological assays among hiv-infected and uninfected urban ugandans.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is a risk factor for hiv-1 infection. we characterized hsv-2 serology assay performance in hiv-positive and hiv-negative africans. serostatus for hsv-2 and hiv-1 was determined in 493 serum specimens stored from a community hsv-2 prevalence survey in kampala, uganda. hsv-2 serology by focus herpeselect elisa, biokit hsv-2 rapid assay and kalon hsv-2 was compared with hsv-2 western blot (wb) according to hiv-1 serostatus. sensitivity/specificity was: 99.5%/70.2 ...201021097732
high prevalence of hiv-1, hiv-2 and other sexually transmitted infections among women attending two sexual health clinics in bissau, guinea-bissau, west africa.the objective was to examine the prevalence of hiv-1, hiv-2 and 10 other sexually transmitted infections (stis), and to explore the relationship between hiv and those stis in women attending two sexual health clinics in bissau, guinea-bissau. in all, 711 women with urogenital problems were included. clinical examination was performed and hiv-1, hiv-2, human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv)-1, htlv-2 and syphilis were diagnosed by serology. trichomonas vaginalis was examined using wet mount micro ...201021097735
projected cost-savings with herpes simplex virus screening in pregnancy: towards a new screening paradigm.herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections in newborns are an uncommon but potentially devastating consequence of genital hsv infection in women. current practice focuses on preventing perinatal transmission by women with prevalent hsv, but transmission risk is greatest when genital hsv is acquired for the first time late in pregnancy. the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of identifying pregnant women at risk of de novo hsv acquisition as a means of preve ...201021097810
evaluation of a novel serology algorithm to detect herpes simplex virus 1 or 2 antibodies.herpes simplex virus (hsv)-type specific serology (tss) testing has been commercially available for nearly a decade. guidelines on appropriate use of such testing exist, including canadian-based recommendations. despite this, most canadian laboratories do not offer hsv-type specific serology and many provide only nontype-specific hsv serology tests.201020693937
evaluation of an edible blue-green alga, aphanothece sacrum, for its inhibitory effect on replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 and influenza virus type a.a hot-water extract of aphanothece sacrum, an edible aquacultured blue-green alga, was found to show a remarkable inhibitory effect on the replication of enveloped viruses including herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and influenza virus type a (ifv-a, h1n1) in vitro. the main active components were suggested to be sulfated polysaccharides in non-dialyzable portion (aswph). aswph was found to inhibit the viral adsorption to the receptor of the host cells involved in the replication process of hs ...201020699552
anti-herpetic activity of callissia fragrans and simmondsia chinensis leaf extracts in vitro.the antiviral activity of callissia fragrans and simnondsia chinensis aquatic and ethanol leaf extracts, as well as purified fractions from these extracts was studied against herpetic viruses in vitro. ethanol extract of c. fragrans effectively inhibited the infection of vero cells by hsv-1, hsv-2 in vitro, while its aquatic extract inhibited only vzv. although s. chinensis leaf extract strongly inhibited all studied viruses, the selectivity index of this extract was very low, due to its high to ...201020700398
use of acyclovir for suppression of human immunodeficiency virus infection is not associated with genotypic evidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 resistance to acyclovir: analysis of specimens from three phase iii trials.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease and is a cofactor for hiv-1 acquisition and transmission. we analyzed specimens from three separate phase iii trials of acyclovir (acv) for prevention of hiv-1 acquisition and transmission to determine if failure of acv to interrupt hiv acquisition and transmission was associated with genotypic acv resistance. acyclovir (400 mg twice daily) or placebo was provided to hsv-2-infected persons at risk of hiv-1 infe ...201020702659
aquaporin 4 antibody positive central nervous system autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis are characterized by a distinct profile of antibodies to herpes viruses.viral infections are implicated in the onset and promotion of autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. in this study, immune response patterns to herpes viruses were compared in aquaporin 4 (aqp4) antibody positive central nervous system (cns) autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis (ms). serum samples of patients with aqp4 antibody positive cns autoimmunity (n=52), relapsing-remitting ms (n=55) and controls including non-autoimmune neurological disorders and healthy individuals (n=56) w ...201020705110
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of acyclovir-resistant clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus.sixteen herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and four type 2 (hsv-2) isolates resistant to acyclovir (acv) were characterized retrospectively for drug resistance. phenotypic testing was performed by means of tetrazolium reduction assay and genotypic analysis was carried out by sequencing of thymidine kinase (tk) and dna-polymerase (pol) genes. all strains were characterized as cross-resistant to penciclovir, brivudin and susceptible to cidofovir. in addition, three strains were resistant to fosca ...201020211650
clinical and virologic efficacy of herpes simplex virus type 2 suppression by acyclovir in a multicontinent clinical trial.acyclovir suppressive therapy (400 mg twice daily) reduces herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2-associated genital ulcer disease and lesional hsv shedding. in an international trial of acyclovir for suppression of hsv type 2 to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) acquisition (hiv prevention trials network 039), acyclovir had a smaller effect on the frequency of genital ulcer disease as well as a smaller effect on the frequency and quantity of lesional hsv dna in african women and peruvian me ...201020214474
population-based seroprevalence of hsv-2 and syphilis in andhra pradesh state of india.understanding the prevalence and risk factors for common causes of ulcerative genital disease in the general population would inform current sti syndromic management and hiv testing strategies in high hiv prevalence regions of india.201020214795
viral and bacterial aetiologies of male urethritis: findings of a high prevalence of epstein-barr virus.male urethritis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (stis). however, the aetiology is still unclear in many cases. in this study the prevalences of epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, cytomegalovirus (cmv), adenovirus, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium and ureaplasma urealyticum (including subtyping) were investigated. samples from 112 male sti attendants with microscopically verified urethritis and from a control group of 103 me ...201020215624
comparative study on the antiherpetic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts derived from cajanus cajan (l.) millsp.aqueous and ethanolic extracts of cajanus cajan (fabaceae) were examined in vitro for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2).201020215758
herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in young adult women: risk factors for infection and frequency of viral shedding.background:: population-based studies suggest that acquisition of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv 2) is most common between ages 20 and 29, especially in minority women. we examined hsv 2 infection and viral shedding in a cohort of young women. methods:: women, age 18 to 24 (median 21), who were part of an observational cohort enrolled between ages 14 to 17, had blood obtained for hsv 2 antibody. intensive diary collections on sexual behavior and genital symptoms and weekly vaginal swabs were obtain ...201020216477
sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in tunisia: high prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis.the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection and other sexually transmitted infections (sti) in female sex workers (fsw) in tunisia.201020656718
polygyny and symmetric concurrency: comparing long-duration sexually transmitted infection prevalence using simulated sexual networks.to compare the effects of polygyny (only men can form concurrent partnerships) and gender-symmetric concurrency (both genders can form concurrent partnerships) on prevalence of long-duration sexually transmitted infections (stis) using a dynamic stochastic network model.201020656724
acute central nervous system infections in adults--a retrospective cohort study in the nhs north west region.over the last 15 years, bacterial meningitis has received considerable attention, including national guidelines, whilst viral central nervous system (cns) infections have been relatively neglected. a recent pilot study suggested that management of patients with suspected viral encephalitis was often suboptimal.201020657024
hsv usurps eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit m for viral protein translation: novel prevention target.prevention of genital herpes is a global health priority. b5, a recently identified ubiquitous human protein, was proposed as a candidate hsv entry receptor. the current studies explored its role in hsv infection. viral plaque formation was reduced by approximately 90% in human cells transfected with small interfering rna targeting b5 or nectin-1, an established entry receptor. however, the mechanisms were distinct. silencing of nectin-1 prevented intracellular delivery of viral capsids, nuclear ...201020676407
seroprevalence of herpes simplex 1-2 antibodies in brazil.to estimate the seroprevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibodies in brazil and to analyze factors associated.201020676563
herpes simplex virus ul56 interacts with and regulates the nedd4-family ubiquitin ligase itch.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is one of many viruses that exploits and modifies the cellular ubiquitin system. hsv-2 expresses the tegument protein ul56 that has been implicated in cytoplasmic transport and/or release of virions, and is a putative regulatory protein of nedd4 ubiquitin ligase. in order to elucidate the biological function of ul56, this study examined the interaction of ul56 with the nedd4-family ubiquitin ligase itch and its role in the regulation of itch. additionally, we ...201020682038
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