Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| oocyte ultrastructural characteristics in camel (camelus dromedarius) primordial to large antral follicles. | this study was conducted to describe in detail the ultrastructural features and morphological characteristics of camel oocytes from preantral follicles in relation to the sequential stages of follicular development and also for oocytes from antral follicles in relation to their diameter. camel oocytes from primordial, primary, secondary and also early to late antral follicles were processed and examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. primordial follicular oocytes were characteriz ... | 2010 | 21105904 |
| nutritive value of some herbage for dromedary camels in the central arid zone of iran. | the purpose of this study is to prepare standard tables of the chemical composition of feedstuff and to determine the digestibility and palatability of different plant species in the dromedary camel, this research was conducted considering the consumed herbages by camels in the central arid zone of iran. the following plant species were included: alhagi camelorum, artemisia sieberi, atriplex lentiformis, haloxylon persicum, hammada salicornica, salsola tomentosa, salsola rigida, seidlitzia rosma ... | 2010 | 21128117 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of a specific vhh domain against mouse prion protein. | prion disorders are infectious diseases that are characterized by the conversion of the cellular prion protein prpc into the pathogenic isoform prpsc. specific antibodies that interact with the cellular prion protein have been shown to inhibit this transition. recombinant vhhs (variable domain of dromedary heavy-chain antibodies) or nanobodies are single-domain antibodies, making them the smallest antigen-binding fragments. a specific nanobody (nb_prp_01) was raised against mouse prpc. a crystal ... | 2010 | 21139215 |
| ovarian hydrobursitis in female camels (camelus dromedaries): biochemical, bacterial and protozoal evaluation. | the aim of this study was to evaluate female camels affected with ovarian hydrobursitis (n = 31) for hematological and biochemical findings and for bacterial and protozoal infections. blood samples were obtained and surgical ablation of the affected bursa was performed. bursal fluid, follicular fluid, and serum were subjected to hormonal and biochemical analyses. bursal fluids were cultured and colonies were identified using biomérieux vitek two compact system. passive haemagglutination test was ... | 2010 | 21144565 |
| prenatal development of the adrenal gland in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | with 14 figures and 3 tables summary: each adrenal gland consisted of cortex and medulla that developed from different embryological origins and presented different cellular organization. one hundred male or female camel embryos or fetuses with crown vertebral rump lengths (cvrl) that ranged from 0.8 to 117 cm were examined. the adrenal cortex, which is derived from intermediate mesoderm, was first observed in the 0.8-cm cvrl camel embryo. the adrenal cortex initially was combined with the gonad ... | 2010 | 21175739 |
| an outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) in camels in the sudan. | in mid-august 2004, an outbreak of a previously unknown fatal disease of camels was reported to kassala state veterinary authorities. several areas in the state were visited during august-october 2004 to collect epidemiological data and specimens for diagnosis. clinically the disease was characterized by sudden death of apparently healthy animals and yellowish and later bloody diarrhea and abortion. the disease outbreaks coincided with the seasonal movement of animals towards autumn green pastur ... | 2010 | 20707980 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the envelope gene of pseudocowpox virus isolates from indian dromedaries (camelus dromedarius). | 2010 | 20711741 | |
| [molecular genetics typing of brucella circulating in several provinces of mongolia]. | comparative molecular-genetic typing of brucella strains isolated in mongolia from different animal species as well as from humans. | 2010 | 20734715 |
| multicentric fibromyxoid peripheral nerve sheath tumor (multicentric schwannoma) in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius): morphopathological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic studies. | during postslaughter inspection of a 4-year-old male dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius), numerous small nodules to large masses up to 4 cm in diameter were found on the serosal surfaces of forestomachs, large intestines, mesentery, liver, and spleen. grossly, the masses were discrete, round, smooth, and white to gray that bulged from the serosal layer. cut surfaces of the masses were discrete, round, white, and relatively homogeneous without any necrotic foci. histopathologically, the masses ... | 2010 | 20807821 |
| prevalence of mycoplasma haemolamae infection in peruvian and chilean llamas and alpacas. | mycoplasma haemolamae is a hemotropic mycoplasma that affects red blood cells of llamas (lama glama) and alpacas (lama pacos). it is variably associated with anemia, and most infections are subclinical. development of a polymerase chain reaction assay has facilitated detection of this infection in llamas and alpacas in the united states and other countries. whether the infection occurs in camelids in south america has previously been unknown. the current study documents a 15.8% infection rate am ... | 2010 | 20807939 |
| rostellar hook morphology of larval echinococcus granulosus isolates from the indian buffalo and iranian sheep, cattle and camel. | isolates of echinococcus granulosus from the indian buffalo and iranian sheep, cattle and camels were characterized on the basis of rostellar hook morphology of the protoscolices. results obtained indicated phenotypic polymorphism among parasites isolated from different host species. isolates from buffalo are morphologically quite different from those of the more common sheep and cattle isolates and may represent a different strain, adapted to buffalo. in the sari region of northern iran, two mo ... | 2010 | 20815974 |
| the neuroanatomic correlates of semantic memory deficits in patients with gulf war illnesses: a pilot study. | we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) to study semantic memory processing in 38 gulf war veterans in 3 affected groups (syndromes 1, 2, and 3) and normal-deployed controls. subjects were given the semantic object retrieval test (sort), which requires participants to decide whether two features combine and result in the retrieval of a specific object (e.g., "desert" and "humps" → "camel"). differences between groups were calculated using a repeated measures analysis of variance (an ... | 2010 | 20824394 |
| nasal bots...a fascinating world! | larvae causing obligatory myiasis are numerous and they may affect cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, wounds, nasopharyngeal cavities (nasal bots), internal organs and the digestive tract (bots) of domestic and wild animals and humans as well. nasal bots belong to the family oestridae, subfamily oestrinae, which includes several important genera: oestrus, kirkioestrus, and gedoelstia infecting artiodactyla (except cervidae) in africa and eurasia, cephenemyia and pharyngomyia infecting cervidae, ... | 2010 | 20837381 |
| corneal papilloma associated with papillomavirus in a one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 15-year-old male dromedary camel with a history of chronic severe keratoconjunctivitis and corneal mass in the left eye of 6 months' duration was referred to the veterinary medical teaching hospital at adnan menderes university. a superficial keratectomy was performed and biopsy material submitted for histopathology. the diagnosis was corneal papilloma. there has been no recurrence of the neoplasm to date (6 months, 1 year). corneal papilloma has not been reported previously in camels and seem ... | 2010 | 20840097 |
| life cycle of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae) under field conditions in northern sudan. | engorged hyalomma dromedarii females were placed for development in shade and sun (open non-shaded site) in april, august and december for two successive years. engorged nymphs were also placed at the same sites in january, march, may, june, july and august. preoviposition periods ranged between 9.8 and 11.7 days in the shade but longer in the sun in december (14.7 days). egg production index was higher in august (0.72) than in april and december (0.46 and 0.39, respectively) in shade and in aug ... | 2010 | 20850935 |
| trypanosoma evansi: recent outbreaks in europe. | here, two recent outbreaks of trypanosoma evansi infection in mainland france and spain associated with the importation of dromedary camels from the canary islands, are reported. the disease is well-known on the archipelago since 1997 and many efforts have been made towards control and eventual eradication, but some areas still remain affected. both mainland outbreaks were controlled by means of massive treatments and monthly serological, parasitological and molecular (pcr) evaluations carried o ... | 2010 | 20851526 |
| ovarian function in south american camelids (alpacas, llamas, vicunas, guanacos). | ultrasound technology and hormone assays have provided a better understanding of folliculogenesis and ovulation in south american camelids in the last two decades. females exhibit waves of ovarian follicular growth and are induced ovulators and therefore do not exhibit oestrous cycles in the manner of spontaneously ovulating species such as sheep and cattle. there is much variation in inter-wave interval among camelid species (alpaca/llama 10-22 days, vicuna 4-11 days), within species and within ... | 2010 | 20875933 |
| camel urine inhibits the cytochrome p450 1a1 gene expression through an ahr-dependent mechanism in hepa 1c1c7 cell line. | drinking camel urine has been used traditionally to treat numerous cases of cancer yet, the exact mechanism was not investigated. therefore, we examined the ability of three different camel urines (virgin, lactating, and pregnant source) to modulate a well-known cancer-activating enzyme, the cytochrome p450 1a1 (cyp1a1) in murine hepatoma hepa 1c1c7 cell line. | 2010 | 20883769 |
| molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of trypanosoma evansi from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) in egypt, a pilot study. | animal trypanosomiasis is one of the major constraints of livestock industry in developing countries. in the present study, prevalence of trypanosome evansi was assessed in the blood of dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) brought to al bassatein abattoir, cairo, egypt, by mouse inoculation test out of 84 tested camels, 4 animals (4.7%) were infected. molecular analysis was achieved by pcr amplification and sequence analysis of part of ribosomal rna gene including 18s, its1, 5.8s and its2 regi ... | 2010 | 20887705 |
| reproductive physiology in female old world camelids. | this review summarizes the basic reproductive physiology of dromedary and bactrian camels. camels are seasonal breeders with a relatively short breeding season during the cooler months. the onset of the breeding season can be influenced by local environmental factors such as temperature and pasture availability although decreased libido of the male as the environmental temperature increases is also a factor. oestrous behaviour is highly variable in duration and intensity and is therefore unrelia ... | 2010 | 20888154 |
| swelling studies of camel and bovine corneal stroma. | in the present study we investigated the swelling characteristics of fresh camel and bovine cornea in sodium salt solutions. swelling studies were carried out at 20 minutes, 14 hours, and 46 hours on five fresh camel and 5 five fresh bovine corneas. during the 20-minute hydration of fresh corneal stroma was investigated using sodium chloride (nacl), sodium bicarbonate (nahco(3)), sodium acetate (ch(3)coona), sodium thiocyanate (nascn), and sodium floride (naf) at 2-minute time intervals. during ... | 2010 | 20922042 |
| sequence analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes in echinococcus granulosus g3 genotype in camels (camelus dromedarius) from central iran. | nineteen hydatid cyst isolates collected from camels in central iran were subjected to sequences analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. a consensus sequence obtained containing 366 nucleotides for cox1 and 471 nucleotides for nad1 genes. overall, the camel isolates indicated five different sequences in cox1 and nine in nad1 genes. the sequences analysis indicated that 26.3%, 42.1%, and 31.6% of isolates belonging to g1, g3, ... | 2010 | 20922418 |
| the indus irrigation system, natural resources, and community occupational quality in the delta region of pakistan. | this study examines the impact of an elaborated irrigation system on the natural resources and society in the deltaic part of the indus river in pakistan. time series information was collected to analyze the ecological and natural resource dynamics, and their impacts on the structure and quality of the occupations of the people in the indus delta during pre- and post-irrigation system development periods. the information was collected through literature review, reconnaissance, structured questio ... | 2010 | 20924580 |
| longitudinal study of an outbreak of trypanosoma evansi infection in equids and dromedary camels in israel. | an outbreak of trypanosomoasis caused by trypanosoma evansi involving horses, camels and donkeys occurred in a farm in israel. a longitudinal study of two outbreak phases was conducted which included clinical monitoring, blood smears, packed cell volume (pcv), serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by reverse dot blot (rdb) for the molecular detection of infection. this was the first reported t. evansi outbreak in domestic animals in israel. most of the camels on the farm (8/10; 8 ... | 2010 | 20926194 |
| contributions of conventional and heavy-chain igg to immunity in fetal, neonatal, and adult alpacas. | in addition to conventional immunoglobulins, camelids produce antibodies that do not incorporate light chains into their structures. these so-called heavy-chain (hc) antibodies have incited great interest in the biomedical community, as they have considerable potential for biotechnological and therapeutic application. recently, we have begun to elucidate the immunological functions of hc antibodies, yet little is known about their significance in maternal immunity or about the b lymphocytes that ... | 2010 | 20926693 |
| [screening of harmine tolerance/degrading bacteria from camel rumen]. | peganum harmala, a famous traditional chinese drug, contains a variety of alkaloids and toxic for many animals. camels mainly live in desert or semi-desert areas, with the robust gastrointestine system in digesting various feed including toxic plants without disease symptoms. | 2010 | 20931866 |
| qualitative analysis of camel snus' website message board--users' product perceptions, insights and online interactions. | in 2006, rj reynolds began test-marketing camel snus, a new smokeless tobacco (slt) product. promotion included use of a brand website, a relatively new marketing channel used by tobacco companies, which allowed visitors to learn about the product and discuss it with others on the website's message board. our study aimed to examine early experiences with and perceptions of camel snus as described by board contributors and also to consider the use and benefits of the message board for both consum ... | 2010 | 20943829 |
| camelpox: epidemiology, diagnosis and control measures. | camelpox is an economically important contagious skin disease of camelids caused by camelpox virus (cmlv) and is characterized by mild local skin infection and less common severe systemic infections. the disease is confined to camel-rearing belts particularly in developing countries and causes economic impact due to considerable loss in terms of morbidity, mortality, loss of weight and reduction in milk yield. the virus has gained attention from researchers due to its recent emergence with close ... | 2010 | 20954883 |
| failure to observe cross-fertilization between the echinococcus granulosus g1 and g6 strains after an experimental mixed infection of the definitive host. | the classification within echinococcus granulosus is currently under debate. to assess the reproductive potential between the g1 and g6 strains, an experimental double infection was carried out in a dog. first, two fertile hydatid cysts were collected in algeria from a cow and a dromedary. they were identified as being g1 and g6 with the markers coxi and nadi. subsequently, a dog was inoculated with protoscoleces from these two cysts. sixty days after infection, 85 adult worms were recovered fro ... | 2010 | 20965659 |
| coagulation profile and platelet parameters of the arabian sand gazelle (gazella subgutturosa marica): comparison with humans and camels. | during march 2009, we evaluated the hemostatic profile and platelet indices of 18 arabian sand gazelles (gazella subgutturosa marica) and compared the results with those from humans and camels (camelus dromedarius). gazelles and camels had shorter activated partial thromboplastin times, lower proconvertin and higher antihemophilic factor coagulation activity, and plasma fibrinogen levels than humans. prothrombin time was longer in sand gazelles and shorter in camels than it was in humans. plasma ... | 2010 | 20966267 |
| post-traumatic camel-related benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. | benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (bppv) is a common form of dizziness. the causes of bppv are not yet known but a relationship between the onset of vertigo and head trauma has been found. among the causes of head injury related to bppv, dropping off a camel has not been reported in literature yet. | 2010 | 20970722 |
| studies on acid-base status (stewart's model) of young camels (camelus dromedarius) after acid-load with nh4cl. | the identification of the reference values of stewart variables and the changes in the acid-base status of the blood and urine in relation to the age after acid-load were studied in desert species of camels. 14 healthy young camels (age: 3-5 months) and 22 adult camels (age: 5-8 years) were used to provide the reference and percentile ranges of the stewart variables. in the experiments, 24 healthy young camels (age: < 3-5 months) were infused with 5m nh4cl solution (dose: 1.0 ml/kg) through a pe ... | 2010 | 20329648 |
| collision tumors: camel, metro and other acronyms. | we describe two exceptional collision tumors, namely: a 63-year-old woman revealing a melanocytic tumor within a trichoblastoma and a 71-year-old woman with a squamous cell carcinoma colonized by dendritic cells of a melanoma. both neoplasms showed two different tumor components with intimate relationship. the lesions are labeled in a "playful" way with the acronyms metro (melanocytic tumor +trichoblastoma) and camel (carcinoma +melanoma) to facilitate memorization. | 2010 | 20337773 |
| proteomics of trypanosoma evansi infection in rodents. | trypanosoma evansi infections, commonly called 'surra', cause significant economic losses to livestock industry. while this infection is mainly restricted to large animals such as camels, donkeys and equines, recent reports indicate their ability to infect humans. there are no world animal health organization (waho) prescribed diagnostic tests or vaccines available against this disease and the available drugs show significant toxicity. there is an urgent need to develop improved methods of diagn ... | 2010 | 20339546 |
| a camelid anti-prp antibody abrogates prp replication in prion-permissive neuroblastoma cell lines. | the development of antibodies effective in crossing the blood brain barrier (bbb), capable of accessing the cytosol of affected cells and with higher affinity for prp(sc) would be of paramount importance in arresting disease progression in its late stage and treating individuals with prion diseases. antibody-based therapy appears to be the most promising approach following the exciting report from white and colleagues, establishing the "proof-of-principle" for prion-immunotherapy. after passive ... | 2010 | 20339552 |
| drop-off rhythms and survival periods of hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae) fed on camels (camelus dromedarius) in the sudan. | flat larvae and adult hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae) were fed on camels' ears. feeding periods and drop-off rhythms of engorged females and nymphs together with engorgement weights of females were recorded. newly hatched larvae and newly moulted adults were released in nylon mesh bags at the base of a tree. their survival periods were seasonally monitored. h. dromedarii behaved exclusively as two-host ticks under field conditions. larval-nymphal feeding periods ranged between 16 and 27 da ... | 2010 | 20347226 |
| isolation and characterization of indian isolates of camel pox virus. | in this study, we isolated and identified three camel pox viruses (cmlv) from two outbreaks of camel pox infection in camels associated with eruptions on cheeks, nostrils, limbs, scrotum, and sheath that occurred at different places of bikaner district, rajasthan (india). the scab specimens collected were subjected for virus isolation in vero cell culture, and the isolated viruses were characterized by employing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing. the causative agent was identified a ... | 2010 | 20358400 |
| analysis of camelid igg for antivenom development: serological responses of venom-immunised camels to prepare either monospecific or polyspecific antivenoms for west africa. | snake envenoming is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in sub-saharan africa. the only effective treatment, antivenom, has been in short supply since the 1990s. whilst the humanitarian response by some antivenom producers has significantly improved the situation, strategies to ensure the long term stability of antivenom supply are still necessary. we are investigating whether the potential safety and logistic advantages of camel igg antivenom can be exploited to improve antivenom pro ... | 2010 | 20362604 |
| prp-specific camel antibodies with the ability to immunodetect intracellular prion protein. | although there is currently no effective treatment for prion diseases, significant advances have been made in suppressing its progress, using antibodies that block the conversion of prp(c) into prp(sc). in order to be effective in treating individuals that have prion diseases, antibodies must be capable of arresting disease in its late stages. this requires the development of antibodies with higher affinity for prp(sc) and systems for effective translocation of antibodies across the blood-brain ... | 2010 | 20375226 |
| the first report on the prevalence of pestivirus infection in camels in sudan. | the role of pestivirus particularly bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in causing respiratory infections in camels was studied in four different localities in sudan. the evaluation was carried out using elisa, and positive specimens were further tested using direct fluorescent antibody technique (fat) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for confirmation. the overall detected seroprevalence of bvd in camel sera was 84.6% with the highest prevalence in western sudan (92.5% ... | 2010 | 20376559 |
| physico-chemical determinants of soluble intrabody expression in mammalian cell cytoplasm. | soluble antibody fragments are desirable not only as potential therapeutic and diagnostic agents for extracellular targets but also as 'intrabodies' for functional genomics, proteomics and gene therapy inside cells. however, antibody fragments are notoriously aggregation-prone when expressed intracellularly, due in part to unfavorable redox potential and macromolecular crowding in cell cytoplasm. only a small proportion of intrabodies are soluble in cytoplasm and little is known about the sequen ... | 2010 | 20378699 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of an acid-stable lipase from the pyloric caeca of sardine (sardinella aurita). | a lipolytic activity was located in the sardine digestive glands (pyloric caeca), from which a sardine digestive lipase (sadl) was purified. pure sadl has a molecular mass of 43 kda as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. the enzyme was found to be more active on short-chain triacylglycerols than on long-chain ones. sadl does not present the interfacial activation phenomenon. control experiments were performed under the same experimental conditions, w ... | 2010 | 20383604 |
| distribution and characterization of the escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (sta) receptor throughout the intestinal tract of newborn camels (camelus dromedaries). | heat-stable enterotoxin (sta) secretion from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is crucial for the pathogenesis of diarrhea in both animal and human. the goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of the sta-specific receptors in the newborn camel's enterocytes and brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs). flow cytometric analysis was used to investigate the density of sta-receptors on enterocytes and bbmvs prepared from anterior jejunum, posterior jejunum, ileum, and colon. stron ... | 2010 | 20383782 |
| parentage testing of racing camels (camelus dromedarius) using microsatellite dna typing. | the camel racing industry would have added value in being able to assign parentage with high certainty. this study was aimed at assessing and applying microsatellite multiplexes to construct a parentage testing system for camels. an efficient system of 17 loci from 700 camel samples was used to construct a database of unrelated adults. based on this, we estimated measures of polymorphism among the markers. in three multiplex reactions, we detected a total of 224 alleles, with 5–23 alleles/locus ... | 2010 | 20394604 |
| circadian rhythm of bone formation biomarkers in serum of dromedary camels. | the circadian rhythm of biomarkers of bone formation including osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase (bap) was studied in the serum of dromedary camels. blood samples were collected every 60 min for 24h from 10 healthy adult female camels. elisa was used to determine the concentrations of serum osteocalcin and bap. the results showed a marked fluctuation in the concentration of osteocalcin during the 24h period with minimum and maximum levels at 13:00 (01:00 pm) and 18:00 (06:00 pm), respect ... | 2010 | 20400166 |
| a novel promiscuous class of camelid single-domain antibody contributes to the antigen-binding repertoire. | it is well established that, in addition to conventional abs, camelids (such as camelus dromedarius and lama glama) possess unique homodimeric h chain abs (hcabs) devoid of l chains. the ag-binding site of these hcabs consists of a single variable domain, referred to as vhh. it is widely accepted that these vhhs, with distinct framework-2 imprints evolved within the v(h) clan iii-family 3, are exclusively present on hcabs. in this study, we report the finding of a distinct leader signal sequence ... | 2010 | 20404276 |
| a bispecific nanobody to provide full protection against lethal scorpion envenoming. | envenoming following scorpion sting is a common emergency in many parts of the world. our aim was to ameliorate the current 100-kda horse plasma antivenom serum (pas)-derived fab'(2) to more quickly reach the highly diffusible scorpion toxins (7 kda). we immunized dromedaries with toxins from androctonus australis hector (aah) scorpions and cloned the single-domain antibody fragments or nanobodies (15 kda) from their b cells. nanobodies against aahi' toxin (with aahii the most toxic compound of ... | 2010 | 20410443 |
| analysis of camelid antibodies for antivenom development: neutralisation of venom-induced pathology. | camelid igg has been reported to be less immunogenic, less able to activate the complement cascade and more thermostable than igg from other mammals, and has the ability to bind antigens that are unreactive with other mammalian iggs. we are investigating whether these attributes of camelid igg translate into antivenom with immunological and venom-neutralising efficacy advantages over conventional equine and ovine antivenoms. the objective of this study was to determine the preclinical venom-neut ... | 2010 | 20412814 |
| reconstruction of the putative cervidae ancestral karyotype by chromosome painting of siberian roe deer (capreolus pygargus) with dromedary probes. | the siberian roe deer (capreolus pygargus) is one of a few deer species presumably preserving the ancestral cervid karyotype. the comparative genomic data of the siberian roe deer are critical for our understanding of the karyotypic relationships within artiodactyls. we have established chromosomal homologies between the siberian roe deer and the dromedary (camelus dromedarius) by cross-species chromosome painting with dromedary chromosome-specific painting probes. dromedary chromosome paints de ... | 2010 | 20413959 |
| dissection of the ignar v domain: molecular scanning and orthologue database mining define novel ignar hallmarks and affinity maturation mechanisms. | the shark antigen-binding v(nar) domain has the potential to provide an attractive alternative to traditional biotherapeutics based on its small size, advantageous physiochemical properties, and unusual ability to target clefts in enzymes or cell surface molecules. the v(nar) shares many of the properties of the well-characterised single-domain camelid v(h)h but is much less understood at the molecular level. we chose the hen-egg-lysozyme-specific archetypal type i v(nar) 5a7 and used ribosome d ... | 2010 | 20450918 |
| ultrasonographic-guided retrieval of cumulus oocyte complexes after super-stimulation in dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | in experiment 1, studies were conducted to apply the transvaginal ultrasound guided ovum pick-up (opu) technique in dromedary camels after their ovarian super-stimulation and in vivo oocyte maturation. in experiment 2, the developmental potential of two commonly used oocyte types, i.e., in vivo matured oocytes collected by opu and abattoir derived in vitro-matured oocytes was compared after their chemical activation. in experiment 3, developmental competence of oocytes collected from super-stimu ... | 2010 | 20451991 |
| a recombinant dromedary antibody fragment (vhh or nanobody) directed against human duffy antigen receptor for chemokines. | fy blood group antigens are carried by the duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (darc), a red cells receptor for plasmodium vivax broadly implicated in human health and diseases. recombinant vhhs, or nanobodies, the smallest intact antigen binding fragment derivative from the heavy chain-only antibodies present in camelids, were prepared from a dromedary immunized against darc n-terminal extracellular domain and selected for darc binding. a described vhh, ca52, does recognize native darc on cel ... | 2010 | 20458517 |
| efficacy of anthelmintics on south american camelid (llama and alpaca) farms in georgia. | the number of south american camelid (sac; llama and alpaca) farms is growing in the southeastern united states, and infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) is a major health concern in this region. there is widespread resistance to anthelmintic remedies in small ruminants (sheep and goats), but a paucity of information on llamas and alpacas. anthelmintic resistance was evaluated on three sac farms (two llama; one alpaca) in georgia in the southern united states using fecal egg count red ... | 2010 | 20462700 |
| cutaneous periocular habronema infection in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 6-year-old castrated dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) presented with a non-healing, severely pruritic, ulcerative fibrotic plaque located at the medial canthus. histological examination of surgical biopsies identified degenerating nematode larvae within eosinophilic granulomas. treatment involved repeated debridement of the lesion, injectable ivermectin and anti-inflammatory therapies, and injectable and topical antibiotics. a specially constructed mask with goggles to prevent the camel f ... | 2010 | 20500499 |
| 'acceptable rebellion': marketing hipster aesthetics to sell camel cigarettes in the us. | the aim of the present work was to understand why and how rj reynolds and other tobacco companies have marketed tobacco products to young adult social trendsetting consumers (termed 'hipsters') to recruit trendsetters and average consumers to smoke. | 2010 | 20501494 |
| sequencing, analysis, and annotation of expressed sequence tags for camelus dromedarius. | despite its economical, cultural, and biological importance, there has not been a large scale sequencing project to date for camelus dromedarius. with the goal of sequencing complete dna of the organism, we first established and sequenced camel est libraries, generating 70,272 reads. following trimming, chimera check, repeat masking, cluster and assembly, we obtained 23,602 putative gene sequences, out of which over 4,500 potentially novel or fast evolving gene sequences do not carry any homolog ... | 2010 | 20502665 |
| complete genome constellation of a caprine group a rotavirus strain reveals common evolution with ruminant and human rotavirus strains. | this study reports the first complete genome sequence of a caprine group a rotavirus (gar) strain, go34. the vp7-vp4-vp6-vp1-vp2-vp3-nsp1-nsp2-nsp3-nsp4-nsp5 genes of strain go34, detected in bangladesh, were assigned to the g6-p[1]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a11-n2-t6-e2-h3 genotypes, respectively. strain go34 was closely related to the vp4, vp6-7 and nsp4-5 genes of bovine gars and the nsp1 gene of go34 to an ovine gar. strain go34 shared low nucleotide sequence identities (<90 %) with vp2-3 genes of other g ... | 2010 | 20505013 |
| redox homeostasis and respiratory metabolism in camels (camelus dromedaries): comparisons with domestic goats and laboratory rats and mice. | we have previously reported the occurrence of multiple forms of drug-metabolizing enzymes in camel tissues. here, we investigate glutathione (gsh)-dependent redox homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ros) production and mitochondrial respiratory functions in camel tissues and compare them with imported domestic goats and laboratory rats and mice. cytochrome p450 2e1 (cyp 2e1) and gsh-metabolizing enzymes were differentially expressed in the liver and kidney of these animals. camel liver has sig ... | 2010 | 20532892 |
| molecular characterization of the camelus dromedarius putative cytochrome p450s genes. | the expression levels of cytochrome p450s were examined in different camel tissues by western blotting and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. camelus dromedarius liver microsomes were found to express different p450s isoenzymes constitutively. the maximum expression of p450 protein was seen in the camel liver in the order of p450 2e1, 1a1, 3a and 2b1/2. camel extrahepatic tissues, kidney, spleen and the lung showed detectable levels of p450s 1a1 but lower than that noticed in liver. de ... | 2010 | 20532968 |
| analysis of camelid igg for antivenom development: immunoreactivity and preclinical neutralisation of venom-induced pathology by igg subclasses, and the effect of heat treatment. | antivenom is the most effective treatment of snake envenoming and is manufactured from the igg of venom-immunised horses and sheep. camelids have a unique igg structure which may account for the report that camel igg is less immunogenic and less likely to activate complement than equine or ovine igg. camelid igg therefore offers potential safety advantages over conventional iggs used for antivenom manufacture. the reported thermostability of camelid igg also holds promise in the inclusion of a r ... | 2010 | 20547172 |
| in vitro analysis and in vivo tumor targeting of a humanized, grafted nanobody in mice using pinhole spect/micro-ct. | nanobodies are a novel type of immunoglobulinlike, antigen-binding protein with beneficial pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties that are ideally suited to targeting cellular antigens for molecular imaging or therapeutic purposes. however, because of their camelid, nonhuman origin, the possible immunogenicity of nanobodies when used in the clinic is a concern. here we present a new strategy to quickly generate humanized nanobodies for molecular imaging purposes. | 2010 | 20554727 |
| chloride salt type/ionic strength and refrigeration effects on antioxidant enzymes and lipid oxidation in cattle, camel and chicken meat. | the effects of nacl and kcl at varying ionic strengths on catalase and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activities and lipid oxidation in ground longissimus dorsi (ld) of cattle and camel and breast muscle of chicken during refrigerated storage were studied. nacl and kcl significantly increased 2-thiobarbituric reactive substances (tbars) and peroxide values. tbars and peroxide values increased and gsh-px activity decreased during 4 day storage in the 4 degrees c, but catalase activity was stable ... | 2010 | 20558008 |
| anaphylaxis to camel milk in an atopic child. | 2010 | 20560906 | |
| ethnoveterinary treatments by dromedary camel herders in the suleiman mountainous region in pakistan: an observation and questionnaire study. | the suleiman mountainous region is an important cradle of animal domestication and the habitat of many indigenous livestock breeds. the dromedary camel is a highly appreciated and valued animal and represents an important genetic resource. camel herders, living in remote areas, have developed their own ways to treat diseases in camels, based on a long time of experience. | 2010 | 20565919 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of single domain antibody fragments against poliovirus. | vhhs or nanobodies are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from heavy chain antibodies found in camelids. it has already been shown that complex protein mixtures and even whole organisms elicit good immune responses in camelids; therefore we hypothesized that vhhs selected from a dromedary immunized with poliovirus type 1 might inhibit the in vitro replication of poliovirus through binding to essential biological sites on the viral capsid. in this study, we aimed to determine whether ... | 2010 | 20566349 |
| septicemic salmonellosis in a two-humped camel calf (camelus bactrianus). | a 1-week old, two-humped female camel (camelus bactrianus) calf with continual whining, epiphora, anorexia, muscle twitching, and lateral recumbency was referred to a veterinary hospital. although she died shortly after preliminary clinical examination, but necropsy was performed and tissue samples were taken for further microbiological and pathological examinations. on bacteriological investigation, salmonella typhimurium and streptococcus agalactiae were isolated. histopathologically, lesions ... | 2010 | 20567902 |
| is there a two-humped stage in the embryonic development of the dromedary? | summary it has been postulated that the one-humped (arabian) dromedary and the two-humped (bactrian) camel originated from a single ancestor. consequently, the dromedary was considered a breed of the two-humped camel, based on an anatomical study by lombardini l, 1879: ann. del. universita toscane, 259, 147, who described a reduced second hump like structure in foetal and adult dromedaries. to resolve this lingering issue, we analysed dromedary foetuses and calves. in contrast to the situation i ... | 2010 | 20608925 |
| mir-214 regulates lactoferrin expression and pro-apoptotic function in mammary epithelial cells. | lactoferrin (lf) is an abundantly expressed protein in human milk. lactoferrin exhibits several important biological functions, and its expression is regulated by multiple environmental factors. cellular endogenous factors, however, have not been extensively studied with regard to lactoferrin gene expression. in this study, we showed that lactoferrin gene expression and function are directly targeted by mir-214 in hc11 and mcf7 cells. in the lactoferrin mrna 3 prime untranslated region (utr) of ... | 2010 | 20610637 |
| camelid single domain antibodies (vhhs) as neuronal cell intrabody binding agents and inhibitors of clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (bont) proteases. | botulinum neurotoxins (bonts) function by delivering a protease to neuronal cells that cleave snare proteins and inactivate neurotransmitter exocytosis. small (14 kda) binding domains specific for the protease of bont serotypes a or b were selected from libraries of heavy chain only antibody domains (vhhs or nanobodies) cloned from immunized alpacas. several vhhs bind the bont proteases with high affinity (k(d) near 1 nm) and include potent inhibitors of bont/a protease activity (k(i) near 1 nm) ... | 2010 | 20637220 |
| the pleural curtain of the camel (camelus dromedarius). | the visceral pleura of the camel (camelus dromedarius) possesses a fibrous curtain of pleural threads or extensions along its basal margins, which extends into the pleural cavity of the costophrenic recesses. these threads are lined by mesothelium and have a core or stroma, which is largely collagenous. small threads are avascular and nearly acellular. in larger proximal threads, blood vessels in the stroma are often arranged in a branching network, with irregular endothelia surrounded by severa ... | 2010 | 20652936 |
| elimination and phase ii metabolism of ethanol in camels after intravenous administration. | ethanol elimination was studied in camels (n=8) after a single bolus intravenous dose of 0.1g/kg bodyweight (bw). blood samples were then collected at set intervals. ethanol and ethyl glucuronide (etg) in blood were analysed by validated static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) methods, respectively. blood-ethanol concentration-time profiles were plotted for each camel and these were evaluated. a simple linear regression model was ... | 2010 | 20656536 |
| serological survey of antibodies against bvd virus in camels (camelus dromedarius) in iran. | this serological survey was carried out to detect antibodies in dromedary camels against bvd virus in iran. a total of 137 serum samples, were collected from camels at khorein abattoir in suburbs of tehran and examined for bvdv, using the serum neutralization test (snt). twenty seven of the 137 camels (19.7%) were positive for bvdv antibodies. it was found that the rate of seropositive camels in iran is substantially higher compared to figures published in most other countries. this study indica ... | 2010 | 19701796 |
| respiratory infection of camels associated with parainfluenza virus 3 in sudan. | this study was undertaken to investigate the role of parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3) in respiratory infection of camels. a total of 273 lung specimens from camels with pneumonia lesions were collected from slaughterhouses in four different areas of sudan. in addition, eight specimens were collected from outbreaks of respiratory infection in camels. using antigen detection sandwich elisa kits, six out of the 281 specimens tested were positive for the piv3 antigen (2.1%); the highest prevalence was n ... | 2010 | 19733593 |
| udder health problems and major bacterial causes of camel mastitis in jijiga, eastern ethiopia: implication for impacting food security. | one hundred and forty-five traditionally kept lactating camels (camelus dromederius) were examined for mastitis by combination of clinical, mastitis card test and subsequent bacteriological isolation. clinical and sub-clinical mastitis were prevalent in 8.3% (95%ci = 4.6, 14.4) and 20.7% (95%ci = 14.6, 28.4) of the studied animals, respectively. this gives an overall mastitis prevalence of 29.0% (95%ci = 21.9, 37.2) at animal and 17.9% (95%ci = 14.9, 21.3) at quarter levels. high proportion (33. ... | 2010 | 19731066 |
| physiological change in camel milk composition (camelus dromedarius) 1. effect of lactation stage. | the change in the composition of camel milk in four dromedaries was studied by including the common measured parameters: protein, total fat, lactose, main minerals (calcium, phosphorus, and iron), and vitamin c. the fat matter varied from 4.34% to 7.81% with a slight decrease all along the lactation and a minimal value at the 14th week corresponding to the lactation peak. those variations were less important for protein content (from 2.58% to 3.64%), but the minimal value was observed at the 14t ... | 2010 | 19757134 |
| physiological change in camel milk composition (camelus dromedarius) 2: physico-chemical composition of colostrum. | eleven samples of dromedary camel colostrum in kazakhstan, which originated from one farm only, were collected to study the changes in the physico-chemical composition (total fat, total protein, iodine index, lactose, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin c, urea, ammonia, density, dornic acidity, ph, and skimmed dry matter) all along the first postpartum week. at that time, the fat matter decreased from 25.9% to 3.1% and protein from 17.2% to 4.2%, in contrast to vitamin c which increased. mineral ... | 2010 | 19763867 |
| occurrence of aflatoxin m1 in raw milk of five dairy species in ahvaz, iran. | during november 2007 to december 2008, 311 samples of raw milk from cow, water buffalo, camel, sheep, and goat were collected in the ahvaz (southwest iran). all of the samples were analyzed for presence of aflatoxin m1 (afm1) by competitive elisa technique. afm1 was found in 42.1% of the samples by average concentration of 43.3+/-43.8 ng/kg. the incidence rates of afm1 in raw cow, water buffalo, camel, sheep, and goat milks were, 78.7%, 38.7%, 12.5%, 37.3%, and 27.1%, respectively. the concentra ... | 2010 | 19786054 |
| molecular evidence of the camel strain (g6 genotype) of echinococcus granulosus in humans from turkana, kenya. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is a zoonotic helminthic disease, which is widely distributed throughout the world. although g1 is the echinococcus granulosus genotype most commonly involved in ce in humans, the prevalence of infection with other genotypes, such as g6, may be higher than previously thought. we performed molecular analysis to identify which e. granulosus genotypes are the causative agents of ce in humans in kenya's turkana district. during a hydatid control programme in 1993-1994, 71 ... | 2010 | 19786289 |
| orally administered l. lactis secreting an anti-tnf nanobody demonstrate efficacy in chronic colitis. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder. systemic treatment of ibd patients with anti-tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha antibodies has proven to be a highly promising approach, but several drawbacks remain, including side effects related to systemic administration and high cost of treatment. lactococcus lactis was engineered to secrete monovalent and bivalent murine (m)tnf-neutralizing nanobodies as therapeutic proteins. these therapeutic proteins are ... | 2010 | 19794409 |
| production of the first cloned camel by somatic cell nuclear transfer. | in this study, we demonstrate the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce the first cloned camelid, a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) belonging to the family camelidae. donor karyoplasts were obtained from adult skin fibroblasts, cumulus cells, or fetal fibroblasts, and in vivo-matured oocytes, obtained from preovulatory follicles of superstimulated female camels by transvaginal ultrasound guided ovum pick-up, were used as cytoplasts. reconstructed embryos were cultured in vitro fo ... | 2010 | 19812298 |
| hormonal, biochemical, and hematological profiles in female camels (camelus dromedarius) affected with reproductive disorders. | the aim of this study was to assess the blood profiles in female camels affected with common reproductive disorders. estradiol-17beta (e(2)), progesterone (p(4)), thyroxin (t(4)), zinc (zn), copper (cu), calcium (ca), phosphorus (p), magnesium (mg), cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, hematocrite, and total and differential white blood cell counts (wbc) were determined in blood of female camels affected with endometritis (n=15), vaginal adhesions (n=15), and ov ... | 2010 | 19815355 |
| isolation of antigen-binding camelid heavy chain antibody fragments (nanobodies) from an immune library displayed on the surface of pichia pastoris. | yeast surface display is an efficient tool for isolating and engineering antibody fragments, both scfv and fab. we describe the use of protein display on pichia pastoris for the rapid selection of camelid antibodies composed only of heavy chains (nanobodies) from a library derived from a llama immunized with green fluorescent protein. the library of nanobody-coding sequences was fused to the c-terminal part of the saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-agglutinin gene (sag1) and expressed in glycoengine ... | 2010 | 19861136 |
| high-level expression of camelid nanobodies in nicotiana benthamiana. | nanobodies (or vhhs) are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies. their small size, monomeric behaviour, high stability and solubility, and ability to bind epitopes not accessible to conventional antibodies make them especially suitable for many therapeutic and biotechnological applications. here we describe high-level expression, in nicotiana benthamiana, of three versions of an anti-hen egg white lysozyme (hewl) nanobody which include the origin ... | 2010 | 19862637 |
| trypanosoma evansi infection in mainland spain. | an outbreak of trypanosoma evansi infection that occurred in mainland spain is described. the outbreak occurred on an equine and camel farm to which dromedary camels from an infected area of the canary islands had recently been introduced. one of these camels developed clinical signs and t. evansi was discovered in a blood smear examination. the herd was evaluated in order to determine the extent of the disease. the results showed that 76% of the camels, 35% of the donkeys and 2% of the horses w ... | 2010 | 19864069 |
| apoptosis in the myocardium of the adult dromedary camel: ultrastructural characterization. | apoptosis is a highly regulated mode of cell death that occurs in the absence of inflammation. light microscopic (lm) examination of the myocardium of apparently healthy camel did not reveal evidence of apoptosis in any samples; however, evidence of apoptosis was apparent by transmission electron microscopy (tem). the most common apoptotic features observed by tem included (1) an intact sarcolemma with some bleb formation; (2) nuclear chromatin condensation and margination with nucleolar disrupt ... | 2010 | 19874275 |
| anti-diabetic effect of camel milk in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs: a dose-response experiment. | this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of camel milk in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs and to follow this effect at three doses of milk. firstly, three groups of dogs were used: two groups composed each of four diabetic dogs and receiving raw camel milk (treatment 1) or cow milk (treatment 2), and four healthy dogs getting raw camel milk (treatment 3) were used as control. each animal was treated with 500 ml of milk daily. secondly, we compared the effects of three amounts of camel milk: ... | 2010 | 19906135 |
| test marketing of new smokeless tobacco products in four u.s. cities. | this exploratory study was designed to assess the availability, price, and point-of-purchase marketing strategies for new smokeless tobacco products in 4 test market areas. | 2010 | 19917598 |
| genomic tandem repeat analysis proves laboratory-acquired brucellosis in veterinary (camel) diagnostic laboratory in the united arab emirates. | we report a case of a 64-year-old veterinarian working in a state camel veterinary laboratory who was diagnosed with and treated for acute brucellosis with complicating epididymo-orchitis. genomic tandem repeat analysis (mlva-16) revealed identical brucella strains in patient cultures and from different dromedary milk samples positive for brucella melitensis, thereby confirming the diagnosis of a laboratory acquired infection. the case illustrates the high (airborne) infectivity of brucellosis i ... | 2010 | 19925579 |
| comparative study on heat stability of camel and bovine apo and holo alpha-lactalbumin. | the stability of camel alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) against heat denaturation was measured, using circular dichroism (cd) and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as differential scanning calorimetry (dsc). the experiments were performed in the presence of saturating concentrations of calcium as well as in the presence of edta, yielding to the apo form of alpha-la. the change in heat capacity (deltacp) suggests a greater contribution of hydrophobic interactions to the stability of holo camel alpha ... | 2010 | 19930756 |
| camelimonas lactis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the milk of camels. | three strains of gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria (m 2040(t), m 1973 and m 1878-sk2), isolated from milk of camels at a camel-milk production farm in the united arab emirates, were investigated for their taxonomic allocation. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarities, all three strains were shown to belong to the alphaproteobacteria and were most closely related to chelatococcus asaccharovorans and chelatococcus daeguensis (95.1 and 95.2 % sequence similarity to th ... | 2010 | 19933583 |
| expression and sequence of cyp1a1 in the camel. | in this study, we determined a partial sequence of cyp1a1 in the camel and its phylogenetic position. the deduced amino acid sequence of camel cyp1a1 showed the highest identity 94% with those of sheep and cattle cyp1a1. in a phylogenetic analysis, the camel cyp1a1 isoform was located beside sheep and cattle cyp1a1. when we studied the distribution of camel cyp1a1 mrna in different tissues, we found that this isoform was expressed in all tissues except the hump. interestingly, the lungs of all t ... | 2010 | 19940392 |
| effector functions of camelid heavy-chain antibodies in immunity to west nile virus. | three classes of igg have been described for camelids. igg1 has a conventional four-chain structure, while igg2 and igg3 do not incorporate light chains. the structures and antigen-binding affinities of the so-called heavy-chain classes have been studied in detail; however, their regulation and effector functions are largely undefined. the aim of this study was to examine the participation of conventional and heavy-chain igg antibodies in the camelid immune defense directed against west nile vir ... | 2010 | 19955323 |
| high mitochondrial differentiation levels between wild and domestic bactrian camels: a basis for rapid detection of maternal hybridization. | hybridization between wild species and their domestic congeners often threatens the gene pool of the wild species. the last wild bactrian camel (camelus ferus) populations in mongolia and china are examples of populations facing such a hybridization threat. to address this key issue in the conservation of wild camels, we analysed wild, hybrid and domestic bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) originating from mongolia, china and austria. through screening of an 804-base-pair mitochondrial fragmen ... | 2010 | 19968638 |
| automatic semantic priming abnormalities in schizophrenia. | abnormal activation of semantic networks characterizes schizophrenia and can be studied using the n400 event-related potential (erp). n400 is elicited by words that are not primed by the preceding context and provides a direct measure of the neural mechanisms underlying semantic priming. semantic priming refers to facilitated semantic processing gained through pre-exposure to semantic context, which can happen automatically if the interval between the prime and target is very short. we predicted ... | 2010 | 19995582 |
| echinococcus granulosus genotypes in livestock of iran indicating high frequency of g1 genotype in camels. | in this study, 112 echinococcus granulosus isolates from different livestock of iran were genotyped by pcr amplification of ribosomal dna-internal transcribed spacer 1 (rdna-its1) region followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) with the enzyme rsai. the possibility of intra-genotype variation was also investigated using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. isolates from sheep, goats, cattle and the majority of camels (12 of 18; 66.7%) were identified as the g1 g ... | 2010 | 20004194 |
| multiple diverse circoviruses infect farm animals and are commonly found in human and chimpanzee feces. | circoviruses are known to infect birds and pigs and can cause a wide range of severe symptoms with significant economic impact. using viral metagenomics, we identified circovirus-like dna sequences and characterized 15 circular viral dna genomes in stool samples from humans in pakistan, nigeria, tunisia, and the united states and from wild chimpanzees. distinct genomic features and phylogenetic analysis indicate that some viral genomes were part of a previously unrecognized genus in the circovir ... | 2010 | 20007276 |
| effects of camel thorn distillate on recurrent oral aphthous lesions. | near 20 % of people suffer from recurrent oral aphthous ulcers. these painful ulcers are found on the oral mucosa. we conducted this study to evaluate the effect of the camel thorn distillate on this condition. | 2010 | 20136677 |
| a molecular survey of cystic echinococcosis in sudan. | a survey of cystic echinococcosis in livestock was conducted from may 2001 to july 2003 in central, western and southern sudan. hydatid cysts were present in 59% (466/779) of camels, 6% (299/4893) of cattle, 11% (1180/10,422) of sheep and 2% (106/5565) of goats, with little variation among different geographical areas. 532 of these cysts were examined by pcr and could be overwhelmingly (98.7%) allocated to echinococcus canadensis g6/7 (all of 215 cysts from camels, 112 of 114 cysts from cattle, ... | 2010 | 20138433 |
| a single-domain llama antibody potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of botulinum neurotoxin by binding to the non-catalytic alpha-exosite binding region. | ingestion or inhalation of botulinum neurotoxin (bont) results in botulism, a severe and frequently fatal disease. current treatments rely on antitoxins, which, while effective, cannot reverse symptoms once bont has entered the neuron. for treatments that can reverse intoxication, interest has focused on developing inhibitors of the enzymatic bont light chain (bont lc). such inhibitors typically mimic substrate and bind in or around the substrate cleavage pocket. to explore the full range of bin ... | 2010 | 20138889 |
| a llama-derived gelsolin single-domain antibody blocks gelsolin-g-actin interaction. | rna interference has tremendously advanced our understanding of gene function but recent reports have exposed undesirable side-effects. recombinant camelid single-domain antibodies (vhhs) provide an attractive means for studying protein function without affecting gene expression. we raised vhhs against gelsolin (gsnvhhs), a multifunctional actin-binding protein that controls cellular actin organization and migration. gsnvhh-induced delocalization of gelsolin to mitochondria or the nucleus in mam ... | 2010 | 20140750 |