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oxidative burst and nitric oxide responses in carp macrophages induced by zymosan, macrogard(®) and selective dectin-1 agonists suggest recognition by multiple pattern recognition receptors.β-glucans are glucose polymers that are found in the cell walls of plants, bacteria, certain fungi, mushrooms and the cell wall of baker's yeast. in mammals, myeloid cells express several receptors capable of recognizing β-glucans, with the c-type lectin receptor dectin-1 in conjunction with toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), considered key receptors for recognition of β-glucan. in our studies to determine the possible involvement of these receptors on carp macrophages a range of sources of β-glucans ...201323831551
selection and characterization of single-chain recombinant antibodies against spring viraemia of carp virus from mouse phage display library.antibody-displaying phage library was selected after three rounds of panning against spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) by phage display technology. eight positive clones which could produce soluble single-chain fragment variable (scfv) antibody induced by isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg) were obtained. dot blot results showed that the eight scfv antibodies could recognize svcv. the soluble scfv antibodies showed a molecular weight 29 kd by western blot. all scfv antibodies could ...201323994147
proteomic analysis of epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells infected with spring viremia of carp virus.spring viremia of carp (svc), caused by spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) is an important disease due to its drastic effects on carp fisheries in many countries. to better understand molecular responses to svcv infection, two dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) and maldi-tof/tof were performed to investigate altered proteins in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells (epcs). differentially expressed proteins in mock-infected epcs and svcv-infected epcs were compared. a total of 54 differentially ex ...201323583725
molecular characterization and expression analysis of toll-like receptor 21 cdna from paralichthys olivaceus.toll-like receptor (tlr) is believed to play crucial role in host defense of pathogenic microbes in innate immune system. in the present study, the full-length cdna of paralichthys olivaceus toll-like receptor 21 (po-tlr21) was cloned by homology cloning and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technique. the po-tlr21 cdna sequence was 3687 bp, containing an open reading frame of 2922 bp encoding 973 amino acids. tmhmm and smart program analysis indicated that protein contained one transmembr ...201323880453
molecular characterization of hepcidin gene in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and its expression pattern responding to bacterial challenge.hepcidin is a cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptide (amp), which plays an important role in host innate immune system and iron regulation. a great many of hepcidin genes have been identified from vertebrates, including various fish species. here we report the cloning and identification of a hepcidin cdna from the liver of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the full-length cdna of the common carp hepcidin was 647 bp, which contained an orf of 276 bp encoding a prepropeptide of 91 amino acid ...201323851290
virulence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) genotypes ia, iva, ivb, and ivc in five fish species.the susceptibility of yellow perch perca flavescens, rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, chinook salmon o. tshawytscha, koi cyprinus carpio koi, and pacific herring clupea pallasii to 4 strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) was assessed. fish were challenged via intraperitoneal injection with high (1 × 106 plaque-forming units, pfu) and low (1 × 103 pfu) doses of a european strain (genotype ia), and north american strains from the west coast (genotype iva), great lakes (genotype iv ...201324334352
experimental infection of koi carp with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus type ivb.viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) type ivb has a wide host range that includes at least three cyprinid species: fathead minnow pimephales promelas, emerald shiner notropis atherinoides, and bluntnose minnow p. notatus. to date, vhsv ivb has only been found in wild fish. however, the possibility of infection in culture facilities remains. koi carp cyprinus carpio are a major ornamental aquaculture species in the united states; however, their potential to become infected with vhsv ivb has ...201323289973
improving the safety of viral dna vaccines: development of vectors containing both 5' and 3' homologous regulatory sequences from non-viral origin.although some dna vaccines have proved to be very efficient in field trials, their authorisation still remains limited to a few countries. this is in part due to safety issues because most of them contain viral regulatory sequences to driving the expression of the encoded antigen. this is the case of the only dna vaccine against a fish rhabdovirus (a negative ssrna virus), authorised in canada, despite the important economic losses that these viruses cause to aquaculture all over the world. in a ...201323001057
feeding great lakes fish to mink: effects on mink and accumulation and elimination of pcbs by mink.the effects of feeding great lakes fish or fish products (carp, sucker, perch scraps, whitefish racks, and alewife fishmeal) to mink were studied. growth and furring of mink were normal for all species of fish tested. however, mink fed carp failed to reproduce, and the reproductive performance and/or kit survival in groups fed the perch, whitefish, and sucker were inferior to the control. only the alewife fishmeal diet supported reproduction and kit survival comparable to the control. pcb residu ...20136413698
different computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa) systems highly influence sperm motility parameters.in this study, we examined different computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa) systems (crismas, hobson sperm tracker, and image j casa) on the exact same video recordings to evaluate the differences in sperm motility parameters related to the specific casa used. to cover a wide range of sperm motility parameters, we chose 12-second video recordings at 25 and 50 hz frame rates after sperm motility activation using three taxonomically distinct fish species (sterlet: acipenser ruthenus l.; common ca ...201323932168
goldfish (carassius auratus l.) possess natural antibodies with trypanocidal activity towards trypanosoma carassii in vitro.natural infection of cyprinids, such as carp, with the extracellular protozoan parasite trypanosoma carassii can attain up to 100% prevalence and cause significant host morbidity and mortality, particularly in aquaculture settings. host recovery from t. carassii infection has been shown to be antibody (immunoglobulin m; igm)-mediated, conferring long-term immunity in recovered animals upon challenge. to assess the role of igm in parasite clearance in the goldfish, igm was purified by peg-6000 pr ...201323333358
khawia abbottinae sp. n. (cestoda: caryophyllidea) from the chinese false gudgeon abbottina rivularis (cyprinidae: gobioninae) in china: morphological and molecular data.khawia abbottinae sp. n. is described from the chinese false gudgeon, abbottina rivularis (basilewsky) (cyprinidae: gobioninae), from the yangtze river basin in china. the new species can be distinguished from the congeneric species mainly by the arrangements of the testes, which form two longitudinal bands (other congeneric species have the testes irregularly scattered throughout the testicular region) and their number (at maximum 85 testes versus at least 160 in the other khawia spp.), and the ...201323724733
content of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from latvian lakes.seventeen polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdd/pcdfs) of the highest priority as well as twelve dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-pcbs) were analyzed in the muscle tissues of the following freshwater fish species sampled from eleven latvian freshwater lakes: perch (perca flavescens), carp (cyprinus carpio), eel (anguilla rostrata), bream (abramis brama), chub (leuciscus cephalus), pike (esox lucius), sheatfish (silurus glanis) and roach (rutilus). to ...201323336927
distribution and relationships of as, cd, pb and hg in freshwater fish from five french fishing areas.the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in 149 muscle samples of eight freshwater fish species (european eel, bream, common carp, european catfish, roach, perch, pike and pikeperch) from five different french fishing areas from contaminated and control sites were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion under pressure. no significant correlation was found between the condition factor (cf), based on the length-mass relationship, and as, c ...201323177713
catalasic activity in fish liver: improvement of the uv to visible analytic method.antioxidative defenses and more especially catalasic activity (cat) are studied in a large range of scientific research thematics. in environmental sciences, the problematic of oxidative stress is of great interest as pollutants can induce perturbations of redox homeostasis. consequently, changes in antioxidative defenses levels in fish tissues and particularly in liver are used as potential biomarkers of pollution. in most studies, the cat was assayed by following during 5 min the consumption o ...201323224832
[carbon dioxide fixation in aquatic animals and its metabolic significance].in experiments on the carp cyprinus carpio and freshwater lamellibranch mollusc anodonta cygnea, tissue and organ peculiarities of carboxylic reactions have been revealed together with their relationship to the temperatute and ionic composition of the incubation medium. it was shown that in fish the highest intensity of fixation of co2 is exhibited by glandular organs with biosynthetic profile of the metabolism (liver), whereas in molluscs it is exhibited in the mantle which plays the key role i ...20131020552
comparative study on effects of dietary with diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress in carp (cyprinus carpio) and silver catfish (rhamdia sp.) exposed to herbicide clomazone.the study investigated the capacity of diphenyl diselenide [(phse)2] (3.0mg/kg), on reduce the oxidative damage in liver, gills and muscle of carp and silver catfish exposed to clomazone (192h). silver catfish exposed to clomazone showed increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (tbars) in liver and muscle and protein carbonyl in liver and gills. furthermore, clomazone in silver catfish decrease non-protein thiols (npsh) in liver and gills and glutathione peroxidase and ascorbic acid in l ...201323892285
close association between paralogous multiple isomirs and paralogous/orthologues mirna sequences implicates dominant sequence selection across various animal species.micrornas (mirnas) are crucial negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. next-generation sequencing technologies have identified a series of mirna variants (named isomirs). in this study, paralogous isomir assemblies (from the mirna locus) were systematically analyzed based on data acquired from deep sequencing data sets. evolutionary analysis of paralogous (members in mirna gene family in a specific species) and orthologues (across different animal species) mirna ...201323856130
three actinosporean types (myxozoa) from the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi in china.three actinosporean types--raabeia, aurantiactinomyxon, and guyenotia--from the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi beddard collected from a crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) pond are described in this report. compared with the actinospores described previously, the raabeia type presents similar spore shape with the actinospore of myxobolus cultus, except a much longer caudal process, 250.8 μm (217.5-276.3). the aurantiactinomyxon and guyenotia type significantly differ from other actinospore ...201323377120
development and characterization of cell line from the gill tissue of catla catla (hamilton, 1822) for toxicological studies.catla gill cell line (icg) was established from gill tissue of indian major carp (catla catla), a freshwater fish cultivated in india. the cell line was maintained in leibovitz's l-15 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. these cells have been sub-cultured more than 55 passages over a period of 2 years. the icg cell line consists predominantly of epithelial-like cells. the cells were able to grow at a wide range of temperatures from 24°c to 32°c with an optimum temperature of 28°c. the growt ...201323237299
establishment and characterization of permanent cell line from gill tissue of labeo rohita (hamilton) and its application in gene expression and toxicology.rohu gill cell line (lrg) was established from gill tissue of indian major carp (labeo rohita), a freshwater fish cultivated in india. the cell line was maintained in leibovitz's l-15 supplemented with 10 % foetal bovine serum (fbs). this cell line has been sub-cultured more than 85 passages over a period of 2 years. the lrg cell line consists of both epithelial and fibroblastic-like cells. the cells were able to grow at a wide range of temperatures from 22 to 32 °c, the optimum temperature bein ...201323224722
involvement of pi3 kinase and map kinase in igf-i and insulin-induced ovarian steroidogenesis in common carp cyprinus carpio.previously, we observed that in vitro steroidogenesis in intact ovarian follicles of common carp cyprinus carpio can alone be induced by recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (igf-i) and bovine insulin (b-insulin) and this induction was gonadotropin-independent. to investigate early signal transduction components involved in this process, the possible role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3 kinase) during ovarian steroidogenesis was examined. igf-i and b-insulin induced testosterone an ...201323073341
effect of selenium nanoparticles with different sizes in primary cultured intestinal epithelial cells of crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio.nano-selenium (se), with its high bioavailability and low toxicity, has attracted wide attention for its potential application in the prevention of oxidative damage in animal tissues. however, the effect of nano-se of different sizes on the intestinal epithelial cells of the crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is poorly understood. our study showed that different sizes and doses of nano-se have varied effects on the cellular protein contents and the enzyme activities of secreted lactate deh ...201324204137
[influence of 175-m-impoundment in three gorges reservoir area on the food web energy sources of main commercial fishes in backwater area of xiaojiang river].the impoundment in the three gorges reservoir area (tgra) was first reached 175 m in 2010. to approach the influence of this impoundment on the food web energy sources of fishes in the tributaries of trga, an analysis was made on the food web energy sources of seven economically important fishes (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, silurus asotus, culter mongolicus mongolicus, mystus macropterus, pelteobagrus vachelli, and pelteobagrus nitidus) in the backwater area of xiaojiang river by using s ...201324066562
multibiomarker responses upon exposure to tetrabromobisphenol a in the freshwater fish carassius auratus.tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is a widely used brominated flame retardant. it has been released into aquatic environments, where it is toxic to aquatic organisms. in the present study, five enzymes, glutathione-s-transferase (gst), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt), udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt), and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase (gr) in serum and liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus) were selected for screening. these enzymes may be suitab ...201324055989
a specific genomic organization and a novel promoter sequence for both zp2 and zp3 gene expressions in the pingxiang red transparent crucian carp, carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis.we cloned the full-length cdna of zp2 from carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis (cap_zp2) and identified a cluster of three zp genes through its dna walker. these three genes, cap_zp3.1, cap_zp2 and cap_zp3.2 were located within a 10,855bp region and each comprised of eight exons spanning 1348bp, 1638bp and 1348bp, respectively. protein bands of egg membrane between 40 and 70kda were in concordance with the deduced amino acid of these three cap_zp genes cdna and with their molecular mass. this ...201324029638
molecular characterization and expression analysis of three membrane-bound complement regulatory protein isoforms in the ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii.regulators of complement activation (rca) play a role in protecting cells from excessive complement activation in humans. cdna corresponding to three isoforms of teleost membrane-bound rca protein (gtecrem) have been identified in the ginbuna crucian carp. gtecrem-1 consists of seven short consensus repeats (scrs), whereas gtecrem-2 and gtecrem-3 have four scrs. while gtecrem-1 possesses a tyrosine phosphorylation site in its cytoplasmic region, gtecrem-2 and gtecrem-3 lack the site. tissue dist ...201323954695
identification of anti-viral cytotoxic effector cells in the ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.previous studies have suggested that anti-viral cytotoxic effector cells induced by infection with a sublethal dose of crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) correspond to mammalian cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls), because the mrna expression patterns of the effector cells are similar to those of mammalian ctls. to further characterize the effector population in cell-mediated cytotoxic (cmc) activity, we isolated the effector cells using an anti-cd8α monoclonal antibody, a density gradi ...201323178409
differential responses in ammonia excretion, sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts.we examined the acute physiological responses to high environmental ammonia (hea), particularly the linkages between branchial ammonia fluxes and unidirectional na(+) fluxes, as well as urea excretion, cortisol, and indicators of gill permeability in three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia; the highly sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly resistant cyprinid carassius auratus ( ...201323143040
effect of cyanobacteria on immune function of crucian carp (carassius auratus) via chronic exposure in diet.cyanobacterial blooms caused by water eutrophication have become a worldwide problem. microcystins (mcs) released during cyanobacterial blooms exert toxicity on fish. up to now, immunotoxicity of mcs on fish has been rarely reported. the present study investigated immune response of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to cyanobacteria via chronic exposure in diet. fish were fed with diets containing 20% (low dose group) and 40% (high dose group) of cyanobacteria lyophilized powder. after exposure o ...201323063483
application of fisk, an invasiveness screening tool for non-native freshwater fishes, in the murray-darling basin (southeastern australia).the fish invasiveness scoring kit (fisk) is currently one of the most popular pre-screening tools for freshwater fishes. a recent upgrade has ensured its wider climatic relevance to countries with subtropical regions. this enhancement is of particular importance to australia, which encompasses tropical, arid, and temperate zones, and where the introduction of non-native fish species poses a significant risk to biodiversity. in this study, 55 fish species previously evaluated in a u.k.-based cali ...201323051595
a physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation.in this study, an oral physiologically based pharmacokinetics (pbpk) model was developed for florfenicol in crucian carp (carassius auratus). subsequently, oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation was performed and the two models were used to predict florfenicol concentrations in the edible tissues of crucian carp. the oral model gave good predictions in most tissues, except for kidney and liver in which the florfenicol concentrations were underestimated at the later time points. in contrast, using t ...201322712485
assessment of antibacterial properties and the active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch).in this study, the antibacterial properties and active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch) were assessed.201322903651
effect of cooking temperatures on protein hydrolysates and sensory quality in crucian carp (carassius auratus) soup.cooking methods have a significant impact on flavour compounds in fish soup. the effects of cooking temperatures (55, 65, 75, 85, 95, and 100 °c) on sensory properties and protein hydrolysates were studied in crucian carp (carassius auratus) soup. the results showed that the soup prepared at 85 °c had the best sensory quality in color, flavour, amour, and soup pattern. cooking temperature had significant influence on the hydrolysis of proteins in the soup showed by sds-page result. the contents ...201324425950
expression pattern of the zona pellucida 3 (zp3) gene during ovarian development and the location of zp3 protein in oocytes in a natural, wild triploid crucian carp mutant, carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis.carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis (designated cap), distributed in the pingxiang region of jiangxi province, china, is a natural, wild triploid crucian carp mutant that has two reproductive development modes: gynogenesis and bisexual reproduction. little information is available about the expression pattern of the zona pellucida 3 (zp3) gene during ovarian development and the location of the zp3 protein in oocytes of this fish. in this study, we obtained the full-length cdna of zp3 (cap_zp3 ...201324301933
intraspecific scaling of the resting and maximum metabolic rates of the crucian carp (carassius auratus).the question of how the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass (m) is achieved in animals is unresolved. here, we tested the cell metabolism hypothesis and the organ size hypothesis by assessing the mass scaling of the resting metabolic rate (rmr), maximum metabolic rate (mmr), erythrocyte size, and the masses of metabolically active organs in the crucian carp (carassius auratus). the m of the crucian carp ranged from 4.5 to 323.9 g, representing an approximately 72-fold difference. the rmr an ...201324376588
expression regulation of zebrafish interferon regulatory factor 9 by promoter analysis.we previously showed that a fish interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 9 (irf9) homologue, crucian carp carassius auratus irf9, displays constitutively nuclear localization and involvement in fish ifn-dependent jak-stat signaling; however, little is known about the expression regulation of fish irf9. here, we characterized the expression of zebrafish irf9 by promoter analysis. zebrafish irf9 gene promoter contained several putative transcription factor binding sites, including one isre (ifn-stimula ...201323916490
molecular characterization of five steroid receptors from pengze crucian carp and their expression profiles of juveniles in response to 17α-ethinylestradiol and 17α-methyltestosterone.pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze, pcc), a triploid gynogenetic fish, was used in this study to investigate the cross-talk between edcs and steroid receptors. the full-length cdnas of five steroid receptors (esr1, er alpha2, esr2a, esr2b, ar) and partial cdna of vtg b were isolated. the tissue distributions of these genes were analyzed in adult fish by qrt-pcr. then the expression profiles of five steroid receptors (esrs and ar) and vtg b were detected in the juveniles exposed t ...201323806426
biological response of high-back crucian carp (carassius auratus) during different life stages to wastewater treatment plant effluent.this study presents the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) in effluent of wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) on fish health. a study of chronic exposure to wwtps effluent for 10 months was undertaken in high-back crucian carp (carassius auratus) during different life stages, covering early-life-stage (els), prespawning period, and postspawning period. condition factor (cf), gonadosomatic index (gsi), hepatosomatic index (hsi), and plasma vitellogenin (vtg) levels were empl ...201323695857
modulation of rh glycoproteins, ammonia excretion and na+ fluxes in three freshwater teleosts when exposed chronically to high environmental ammonia.we investigated relationships among branchial unidirectional na(+) fluxes, ammonia excretion, urea excretion, plasma ammonia, plasma cortisol, and gill transporter expression and function in three freshwater fish differing in their sensitivity to high environmental ammonia (hea). the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia-sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were ex ...201323661781
the effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on the swimming performance of three cyprinid fish species with different swimming capacities.in nature, the caudal fins of fish species are frequently lost to some extent by aggressive behaviour, predation and diseases. to test whether the swimming performance of fish with different swimming capacities would be differentially affected due to caudal fin loss and regeneration, we investigated the critical swimming speed (ucrit), swimming metabolic rate (m(o2)), tail beat frequency (f(tb)) and tail beat amplitude (a(tb)) after caudal fin loss and regeneration (20 days) in juveniles of thre ...201323661776
transcriptome analysis of crucian carp (carassius auratus), an important aquaculture and hypoxia-tolerant species.the crucian carp is an important aquaculture species and a potential model to study genome evolution and physiological adaptation. however, so far the genomics and transcriptomics data available for this species are still scarce. we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of four cdna libraries representing brain, muscle, liver and kidney tissues respectively, each with six specimens. the removal of low quality reads resulted in 2.62 million raw reads, which were assembled as 127,711 unigenes ...201323630630
effect of ambient temperature increase on intestinal mucosa amylolytic activity in freshwater fish.the relationship between the level of the intestinal mucosa amylolytic activity (aa) of juvenile goldfish carassius auratus, carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus and perch perca fluviatilis and the rate of water temperature increase was studied. increase in water heating rate significantly influences aa and the level of upper lethal temperatures defined by critical thermal maximum (ctm) during different seasons. at a low rate of water temperature increase, 0.04 °c/h, aa and the level of c ...201323619779
relationship between brain and liver oxidative state and maximum lifespan potential of different fish species.the aim of the present study is to determine whether a relationship exists between the maximum lifespan potential (mlsp) of different fish species (squalius pyrenaicus, cyprinus carpio, carassius auratus, luciobarbus sclateri and oncorhynchus mykiss) and the oxidative state of brain and liver. for this purpose, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione reductase (gr), glutathione s-transferase (gst) and dt-diaphorase ( ...201323618756
renal accumulation and effects of intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins in omnivorous crucian carp (carassius auratus).an acute toxicological experiment was designed to characterize the sequence of renal ultrastructural changes with accumulated mcs in crucian carp injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with extracted microcystins (mainly mc-rr and -lr) at two doses, 50 and 200 μg mc-lreq. kg⁻¹ body weight. quantitative and qualitative determinations of mcs in the kidney were conducted by hplc and lc-ms, respectively. mc-rr content in kidney of crucian carp showed a time dose-dependent increase within 48 h post-inject ...201323608020
comparative analysis of intermuscular bones in fish of different ploidies.we documented the number, morphology, and distribution of intermuscular bones in five fishes of different ploidy: carassius auratus (abbr.wcc, 2n=100), carassius auratus variety pengze (abbr.pzcc, 3n=150), improved triploid crucian carp (abbr.itcc, 3n=150), improved red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var., abbr.ircc, ♀, 2n=100), and improved allotetraploids (abbr.g×at, ♂, 4n=200). the number of intermuscular bones in wcc, pzcc, and g×at ranged from 78 to 83 ([formula: see text]=81), 80 to 8 ...201323564186
the long-term effect of serotonin on the thermoregulatory behavior in juvenile cyprinidae (cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus).the effect of serotonin after intracerebroventricular (icv) injections in dosage of 0.3 and 0.15 μg/g of the body weight on the thermoregulatory behavior in juvenile carp cyprinus carpio l. and goldfish carassius auratus (l.) has been studied in two experiments of 10- to 11-day duration. it has been found that icv injection of serotonin in dosage of 0.3 μg/g caused the initial decrease in preferred temperatures (pt) (2-3 days) followed by their further increase (4-8 days after the administration ...201323515758
health risk assessment for consumption of fish originating from ponds near dabaoshan mine, south china.mining effluents are a potential source of toxic metals in the surrounding aquatic ecosystem and pose a potential health risk to humans from fish consumption. the objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the long-term dabaoshan mining operation on heavy metal accumulation in different fish species. heavy metal accumulation (lead (pb), cadmium (cd), zinc (zn), and copper (cu)) in four tissues (liver, muscle, intestine, and gills) of five carp species (hypophthalmichthys molitrix, ctenop ...201323508535
molecular cloning and characterization of cat, gpx1 and cu/zn-sod genes in pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) and antioxidant enzyme modulation induced by hexavalent chromium in juveniles.hexavalent chromium (cr(6+)) is a common pollutant transient metal with high toxicity in the environment. the toxicological effects partly result from oxidative damage due to the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ros) in the reductive process of cr(6+). to explore the influence of ros induced directly by cr(6+) on the oxidative stress generation and antioxidant system, the full length cdnas of antioxidant-related genes cat, gpx1 and cu/zn-sod were successfully acquired from pengze ...201323462276
dna methylation analysis of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).hybridization and polyploidization may lead to divergence in adaptation and boost speciation in angiosperms and some lower animals. epigenetic change plays a significant role in the formation and adaptation of polyploidy. studies of the effects of methylation on genomic recombination and gene expression in allopolyploid plants have achieved good progress. however, relevant advances in polyploid animals have been relatively slower. in the present study, we used the bisexual, fertile, genetically ...201323457564
feeding and swimming modulate iono-and-hormonal regulation differently in goldfish, carassius auratus and common carp, cyprinus carpio.feeding and swimming can influence ion balance in fish. therefore we investigated their impact on ionoregulation and its hormonal control in goldfish and common carp. as expected due to the osmorespiratory compromise, exhaustive swimming induced increases in gill na(+)/k(+) atpase (nka) activity in both species, resulting in stable levels of plasma ions. in contrast to our expectations, this only occurred in fed fish and feeding itself increased nka activity, especially in carp. fasting fish wer ...201323422918
regulation of amino acid metabolism as a defensive strategy in the brain of three freshwater teleosts in response to high environmental ammonia exposure.many teleosts have evolved mechanisms to cope with ammonia toxicity in the brain when confronted with high environmental ammonia (hea). in the present study, the possible role of conversion of accumulated ammonia to glutamine and other free amino acids in the brain of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia was investigated. the detoxification mode of ammonia in brain is suggested to be through amination of glutamate to glutamine by the coupled activities of glutama ...201323384996
secretory expression and characterization of the recombinant myofibril-bound serine proteinase of crucian carp (carassius auratus) in pichia pastoris.the myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbsp) is effective in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins, including myosin heavy chain (mhc), α-actinin, actin, and tropomyosin and was thus regarded as an important proteinase responsible for the metabolism of fish muscle in vivo. in order to better understand the characteristic differences between native mbsp and recombinant mbsp (rmbsp) and to obtain large quantity of mbsp for its application in protein science study, the crucian carp mbsp gene was ...201323313743
the effects of caudal fin amputation on metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juveniles of three cyprinid fish species with different metabolic modes.metabolic competitive modes between digestion and locomotion are classified into three categories, termed the additive, digestion- and locomotion-priority modes. in nature, the caudal fin is frequently observed to sustain damage as a result of social rank, predation or disease. to test whether the metabolic mode changed differently for fish with different metabolic mode after caudal fin amputation as a consequence of intensified energy competition, we investigated the swimming performance of fas ...201323269108
excess post-hypoxic oxygen consumption is independent from lactate accumulation in two cyprinid fishes.carassius carassius responds to hypoxic conditions by conversion of lactate into ethanol, which is excreted over the gills. however, a closely related species, cyprinus carpio, does not possess the ability to produce ethanol and would be expected to accumulate lactate during hypoxic exposure. while the increase in oxygen consumption in fish required following strenuous exercise or low environmental oxygen availability has been frequently considered, the primary contributing mechanism remains unk ...201323396307
first report of blood parasites in fishes from kashmir and their effect on the haematological profile.cyprinus carpio communis linnaeus, carassius carassius linnaeus, schizothorax curvifrons heckel and triplophysa marmorata species of fishes were captured from anchar lake and river jhelum of kashmir himalaya for hematological and parasitological analysis. during the investigation haemoflagellates from the genus babesiosoma and trypanosoma were recorded in the blood smears. trypanosomes were present in all the species except c. carpio, whereas babesiosoma were only found in t. marmorata. haematol ...201326623319
temperature dependence of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ca2+ atpase expression in fish hearts.cardiac function in fish acclimates to long-term temperature shifts by generating compensatory changes in structure and function of sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) including the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ca(2+)-atpase (serca2). the current study compares temperature responses of the cardiac serca in two fish species, burbot (lota lota) and crucian carp (carassius carassius), which differ in regard to thermal tolerance and activity pattern. burbot are cold stenothermal and cold-active, while cruci ...201323239195
inhibition of the cardiac inward rectifier potassium currents by kb-r7943.kb-r7943 (2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea) was developed as a specific inhibitor of the sarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchanger (ncx) with potential experimental and therapeutic use. however, kb-r7943 is shown to be a potent blocker of several ion currents including inward and delayed rectifier k(+) currents of cardiomyocytes. to further characterize kb-r7943 as a blocker of the cardiac inward rectifiers we compared kb-r7943 sensitivity of the background inward rectifier (ik1) an ...201323973826
metacercariae of clinostomum schizothoraxi kaw, 1950 (digenea: clinostomatidae) in carassius carassius (linnaeus) under different environmental conditions.this report addresses the possible impacts of local habitat characteristics on the metacercariae of clinostomum schizothoraxi kaw, 1950 infecting crucian carp, carassius carassius (linnaeus), from three lakes in kashmir. the lakes chosen encompass an extremely wide gradient in trophic status--manasbal (less polluted and mesotrophic), dal (moderately polluted and eutrophic) and anchar (strongly polluted and hypertrophic). the results indicate that infrapopulation-level descriptors of abundance of ...201323724736
karyotype and chromosome banding of endangered crucian carp, carassius carassius (linnaeus, 1758) (teleostei, cyprinidae).the karyotype and other chromosomal characteristics the crucian carp (carassius carassius (linnaeus, 1758)) were revealed by means of conventional banding protocols (c, cma3, agnor). the diploid chromosome number (2n) in this species was 100. its karyotype was composed of 10 pairs of metacentric, 18 pairs of submetacentric and 22 pairs of subtelo- to acrocentric chromosomes without any microchromosomes. c-banding identified blocks of telomeric heterochromatin on seven chromosome pairs. the nors ...201324260701
[effect of adrenaline on amylolytic activity of intestinal mucose, glycemia level, glycogen concentration in tissues of carp carassius auratus and carp carassius carassius]. 201312815969
does interspecies hybridization affect the host specificity of parasites in cyprinid fish?host specificity varies among parasite species. some parasites are strictly host-specific, others show a specificity for congeneric or non-congeneric phylogenetically related host species, whilst some others are non-specific (generalists). two cyprinids, cyprinus carpio and carassius gibelio, plus their respective hybrids were investigated for metazoan parasites. the aim of this study was to analyze whether interspecies hybridization affects host specificity. the different degrees of host specif ...201323587287
characterization and physical mapping of 18s and 5s ribosomal genes in indian major carps (pisces, cyprinidae).characterization of the major (18s) and minor (5s) ribosomal rna genes were carried out in three commercially important indian major carp (imc) species, viz. catla catla, labeo rohita and cirrhinus mrigala along with their physical localizations using dual colour fluorescence in situ hybridization. the diploid chromosome number in the above carps was confirmed to be 50 with inter-species karyo-morphological variations. the 18s rdna signals were observed on 3 pair of chromosomes in c. catla and l ...201323587674
short-term mercury exposure on na(+)/k(+)-atpase activity and ionoregulation in gill and brain of an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.recently mercury pollution has been increased considerably in aquatic resources throughout the world and it is a growing global concern. in this study, the 96 h lc50 value of waterborne mercuric chloride for cirrhinus mrigala was found to be 0.34 mg/l (with 95% confidence limits). fingerlings of c. mrigala were exposed to 0.068 and 0.034 mg/l of mercuric chloride for 96 h to assess the na(+)/k(+)-atpase activity and ionoregulation (na(+), k(+) and cl(-)) in gill and brain. results showed that na ...201322944584
nod1 and nod2 receptors in mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala): inductive expression and downstream signalling in ligand stimulation and bacterial infections.nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (nod)1 and nod2 are important cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (prrs) and key members of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family. they sense a wide range of bacteria or their products and play a key role in inducing innate immunity. this report describes the role of nod1 and nod2 receptors signalling in innate immunity in the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala). tissue-specific expression analysis of nod1 and nod2 genes by quantitative ...201323938386
short and long-term effects of clofibric acid and diclofenac on certain biochemical and ionoregulatory responses in an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.extensive use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine and aquaculture practices pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms. in the present investigation, cirrhinus mrigala an indian major carp was exposed to different concentrations of clofibric acid (ca) and diclofenac (dcf) and certain biochemical and ionoregulatory responses were assessed under short and long term exposures. during short-term (96h) exposure period, plasma glucose and sodium (na(+)) levels were increased at all con ...201323777676
alteration in certain enzymological parameters of an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala exposed to short- and long-term exposure of clofibric acid and diclofenac.the extensive use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine may enter the aquatic environment and pose a serious threat to non-target aquatic organisms like fish. in this study, indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala was exposed to different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg l⁻¹) of most commonly used pharmaceutical drugs clofibric acid (ca) and diclofenac (dcf) to evaluate its impacts on certain enzymological parameters during short- and long-term exposures. during short-term (96 h) expos ...201323579460
genotoxicity evaluation of 1,2 dichlorobenzene in the indian major carp, catla catla l. using alkaline comet assay.the genotoxic effect of 1,2 dichlorobenzene (1,2 dcb), a volatile organic compound in the indian major carp, catla catla l. was assessed using the alkaline comet assay in the gills and blood. fish were exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations of 1,2 dcb in vivo. at 24 h, dna damage scores (expressed as arbitrary units) increased at 0.35 and 0.7 mg/l whereas at 28 days, there was a statistically significant increase in the dna damage score at all the doses tested (0.175, 0.23, 0.35 and 0.7 mg ...201324114273
using compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis to trace metabolism and trophic transfer of pcbs and pbdes in fish from an e-waste site, south china.two fish species (mud carp and northern snakehead) forming a predator/prey relationship and sediment samples were collected from a pond contaminated by e-waste. the concentrations and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ(13)c) of individual polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) congeners were measured to determine if compound-specific carbon isotope analysis (csia) could be used to provide insight into the metabolism and trophic dynamics of pcbs and pbdes. significan ...201323560888
sex-dependent accumulation and maternal transfer of dechlorane plus flame retardant in fish from an electronic waste recycling site in south china.knowledge is limited on sex-related accumulation and maternal transfer of dechlorane plus (dp) flame retardant in wildlife. in the present study, dp isomers were examined in liver and eggs of two fish species, northern snakehead and crucian carp, from an electronic waste recycling site in china. hepatic ∑dp (sum of syn- and anti-dp) concentrations ranged 260-1920 ng/g lipid in northern snakehead and 340-1670 ng/g in crucian carp, with significantly higher levels in males relative to females. ∑dp ...201323500052
effect of environmental pollutants on the c-reactive protein of a freshwater major carp, catla catla.c-reactive proteins (crp) have been affinity purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the sera of major carp, catla catla before and after exposure to environmental pollutants. exposure to these pollutants elevate the levels of circulating crps to 2.8-3.5 times the normal values. kinetic studies of metal intoxication indicate that a unique molecular variant of crp is present in the serum at the peak level of acute phase induction, and this variant coexists with normal crps. carbohydrate anal ...20139877434
comparison of the lipid properties of healthy and pansteatitis-affected african sharptooth catfish, clarias gariepinus (burchell), and the role of diet in pansteatitis outbreaks in the olifants river in the kruger national park, south africa.pansteatitis has been identified in wild populations of sharptooth catfish, clarias gariepinus (burchell), and nile crocodiles, crocodylus niloticus laurenti, inhabiting the same waters in the olifants river gorge in the kruger national park, south africa. mesenteric and pectoral fat tissue was investigated microscopically and by fatty acid analysis in healthy and pansteatitis-affected catfish from both captive and wild populations. variation in fatty acid composition between pectoral and mesent ...201323634747
purification and properties of malic enzyme from herring clupea harengus spermatozoa.herring spermatozoa exhibit higher activity of malic enzyme (me) than atlantic salmon (salmo salar), brown trout (salmo trutta), carp (cyprinus carpio) and african catfish (clarias gariepinus) spermatozoa. two molecular forms of me are present in herring spermatozoa: an nad-preferring malic enzyme with very high activity and an nadp-specific malic enzyme with much lower activity (ratio about 33:1). nad-preferring me was purified by chromatography on deae-sepharose, red agarose and sephadex g-200 ...201323313742
introduction of modern endocrine techniques for the production of monosex population of fishes.of the techniques available to mass-produce a sterile or monosex population, the hormonal induction of sex reversal is the most widely practiced. this paper presents the synthesis of works done on sex reversal using 17α methyltestosterone (17αmt), 17β estradiol, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (ais) and oestrogen receptor agonist, tamoxifen in commercially important aquaculture species mossambique tilapia oreochromis mossambicus, nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus, common carp cyprinus carpio ...201323063432
cloning, characterization and expression of estrogen receptor beta in the male half-smooth tongue sole, cynoglossus semilaevis.a full-length sequence encoding the estrogen receptor beta was isolated from half-smooth tongue sole, cynoglossus semilaevis (hstserβ) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends procedures. the hstserβ cdna clone was found to contain 1,791 nucleotides including an open reading frame that encodes 578 amino acids. the deduced hstserβ protein consisted of six nuclear receptor-characteristic domains. based on a phylogenetic analysis, the hstse ...201323053612
functional n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors are expressed in cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina.glutamate works as a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate retina. whole-cell recordings made from isolated carp cone horizontal cells (h1 cells) showed that n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda), co-applied with glycine, induced inward currents that were blocked by the nmda receptor competitive antagonist d-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (d-ap5) and 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (dcka), a selective nmda receptor antagonist acting at the glycine site on the nmda receptor complex. moreover, calci ...201317047395
bioturbation-induced phosphorous release from an insoluble phosphate source.the influence of bioturbation caused by common carp fry in 5 l jars (5 l each) in the laboratory and in 150 l outdoor vats in increasing the fertilizer value of phosphate rock was evaluated. soluble reactive phosphate (srp) was determined to quantify the effects of bioturbation, fish excrements and soil. the level of srp was always lowest in the control series. introduction of common carp fry resulted in a net increase of 0.09-0.10 mg l(-1) of srp attributable to the effect of fish excrement. bi ...201317113220
effects of short- and long-term ultraviolet b irradiation on the immune system of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).carp (cyprinus carpio) were repeatedly exposed to 0, 60, 120 and 240 mj/cm2 ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation three times in 1 week (short-term exposure) or 12 times in 4 weeks (long-term exposure). the effect of uvb on the functioning of the carp immune system was studied on day 2 after the final irradiation. after short-term uvb exposure, the whole-blood respiratory burst and cytotoxic activity were markedly enhanced, with parallel responses in both the number of circulating granulocytes and in th ...201315745420
physiological, haematological and histopathological responses in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings fed with differently detoxified jatropha curcas kernel meal.protein rich jatropha curcas kernel meal is toxic. it was detoxified using heat treatment and solvent extraction. two duration of detoxification process were investigated: shorter (30 min) and longer (60 min) and the detoxified meals so obtained were designated as j(a) and j(b) respectively. common carp fingerlings (252 fish; 3.2+/-0.07 g) were fed with the following diets: control containing fishmeal (fm); s(50,) j(a50) and j(b50): 50% of fm protein replaced by soybean meal (sbm), detoxified ja ...201320457206
expression profiles of carp irf-3/-7 correlate with the up-regulation of rig-i/mavs/traf3/tbk1, four pivotal molecules in rig-i signaling pathway.the cytoplasmic helicase protein rig-i (retinoic acid-inducible gene i) and downstream signaling molecules, mavs (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein), traf3 (tnf-receptor-associated factor 3) and tbk1 (tank-binding kinase 1), have significant roles in the recognition of cytoplasmic 5'-triphosphate ssrna and short dsrna, and phosphorylation of irf-3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) and irf-7 which is responsible for the induction of type i interferons (ifn). in the present study, the full- ...201321385615
age and growth in the indian major carp labeo rohita (cypriniformes: cyprinidae) from tropical rivers of ganga basin, india.labeo rohita is a member of the indian major carp species and originally an inhabitant of the ganga river network in india. it is among the top ten aquaculture species of the world. since there is a lack of information on the growth pattern of the wild populations of this species, this study aimed at evaluating the pattern of age and growth, to support the development of effective management plans. a total of 1082 samples of l. rohita were obtained from may 2009 to july 2012 in six drainages of ...201324432546
external parasite infection of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and big head (hypophthalmichthys nobilis) in fish farms of mashhad, northeast of iran.totally 75 common carp and 100 big head fishes were caught by using net from fish farms in mashhad, northeast of iran. in laboratory skin, eye and fin of fishes were inspected by stereomicroscope and in second phase direct smears are prepared from probable lesions. gills were dissected and its filaments were placed in petri dishes and fixed by glycerin. in total 50 parasites (consist 19 protozoa and 31 metazoa) were recorded from fishes. the parasites represented in protozoa (ichthyophthirius mu ...201324431554
microcystin-lr induced reactive oxygen species mediate cytoskeletal disruption and apoptosis of hepatocytes in cyprinus carpio l.microcystins (mcs) are a group of cyclic hepatotoxic peptides produced by cyanobacteria. microcystin-lr (mc-lr) contains leucine (l) and arginine (r) in the variable positions, and is one of the most common and potently toxic peptides. mc-lr can inhibit protein phosphatase type 1 and type 2a (pp1 and pp2a) activities and induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ros). the underlying mechanism of the inhibition of pp1 and pp2a has been extensively studied. the over-production of ros ...201324376844
the effects of atrazine exposure on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio).atrazine and its chloro-s-triazine metabolites are found in surface water and groundwater of the czech republic, although their use has been banned since 2005. the objective of the study was to determine the toxic effects of atrazine at an environmentally relevant concentration of atrazine, 0.3 μg.l-1 and at concentrations of 30, 100, and 300 μg.l-1 on morphometric and condition characteristics, development of early life stages, and antioxidant defense enzymes of common carp.201324362100
effect of zeta-cypermethrin on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of this study was to assess the effect of pesticide fury 10 ew, containing zeta-cypermethrin 100 g.l-1, on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).201324362091
effect of delayed icing on biogenic amines formation and bacterial contribution of iced common carp (cyprinus carpio).the variation of six biogenic amines (bas) and total viable count (tvc) in common carp (cyprinus carpio) stored in ice with 0, 4 and 8 h delay before icing was evaluated in a period of 4 days. delayed icing led to significant (p < 0.05) increases in tvc throughout the period of storage and showed a good correlation with bas content. the obtained data showed that putrescine and cadaverine were predominant in all samples and it was indicated that they could be proper indicators to determine the ca ...201324352007
[effects of nano-selenium on antioxidant capacity and histopathology of cyprinus carpio liver under fluoride stress].to evaluate the protection effect of nano-selenium (nse) on the antioxidant capacity and histopathology of cyprinus carpio liver under fluoride stress, a total of 750 c. carpio individuals were randomly divided into five groups, i. e., no fluoride stress and nse addition (ck), fluoride (100 mg f- x l(-1))-stressed (fs), and fluoride-stressed plus nse added with a dosage of 0.1 mg se x l(-1) (nse l), 0.5 mg se x l(-1) (nse m), and 1.0 mg se x kg(-1)(nse h). the nse was mixed with fish foods, and ...201324483095
effects of dimethoate (30% ec), an organophosphate pesticide on liver of common carp, cyprinus carpio.organ histopathology and changes in biochemical parameters in fish are good biomarkers of aquatic pollution. this study is an attempt to assess the effects of dimethoate, an organophosphate insecticide on the liver of common carp (c. carpio). healthy individual fish were exposed to 0.40 mg l(-1) (25% of 96 hr lc50) concentration of dimethoate, for short term (96 hr). liver of the exposed fish exhibited alterations like disruption of regular arrangement of hepatocytes, congestion and rupture of v ...201324617155
risk-taking behaviour may explain high predation mortality of gh-transgenic common carp cyprinus carpio.the competitive ability and habitat selection of juvenile all-fish gh-transgenic common carp cyprinus carpio and their size-matched non-transgenic conspecifics, in the absence and presence of predation risk, under different food distributions, were compared. unequal-competitor ideal-free-distribution analysis showed that a larger proportion of transgenic c. carpio fed within the system, although they were not overrepresented at a higher-quantity food source. moreover, the analysis showed that tr ...201324580661
effect of frying in different culinary fats on the fatty acid composition of silver carp.the influence of frying with four different oils (sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil, and corn oil) on the fatty acid composition of silver carp was evaluated. the fat content of the fillets increased after frying while the moisture content decreased in all evaluated samples. mean saturated (sfa), monounsaturated (mufa), polyunsaturated (pufa) fatty acids, ∑ω3, and ∑ω6 contents of raw fish were 26.1 ± 0.5, 52.1 ± 1.1, 15.1 ± 0.6, 8.9 ± 0.1, and 6.1 ± 0.4%, respectively. frying led to exchange ...201324804033
metal levels in trachurus trachurus and cyprinus carpio in turkey.concentrations of five toxic metals were determined in two fish species from turkish cities during 2010-2011. the obtained lead concentrations for all of the studied trachurus trachurus (mean 777 μg kg(-1)) and cyprinus carpio (mean 439 μg kg(-1)) samples were found to be higher than the maximum level (ml) of 300 μg kg(-1), while cd concentrations in the same samples were lower than the ml. mean chromium (501 μg kg(-1)), ni (272 μg kg(-1)) and cu (785 μg kg(-1)) concentrations in t. trachurus we ...201324779942
effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on the production of nitric oxide and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the study aimed to investigate the effects of atrazine (atr), chlorpyrifos (cpf), and the mixture of them on nitric oxide (no) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in the brain of common carp. the triazine herbicide atr and the organophosphorus insecticide cpf are frequently and extensively applied in agriculture all over the world. 220 carps were averagely divided into eleven groups according to the different treatments and concentration, including the exposure and recovery experiments. i ...201323602412
cryopreservation of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) sperm induces protein phosphorylation in tyrosine and threonine residues.the effect of cryopreservation on the protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation pattern of common carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm is described. sperm was diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and ethylene glycol (eg)-based extenders, followed by equilibration, freezing, and thawing. proteins extracted from fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa were separated on sds-page and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, blotted on polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and treated with anti-phosphotyrosine, anti-p ...201323602083
identification of reproduction-related genes and ssr-markers through expressed sequence tags analysis of a monsoon breeding carp rohu, labeo rohita (hamilton).labeo rohita (ham.) also called rohu is the most important freshwater aquaculture species on the indian sub continent. monsoon dependent breeding restricts its seed production beyond season indicating a strong genetic control about which very limited information is available. additionally, few genomic resources are publicly available for this species. here we sought to identify reproduction-relevant genes from normalized cdna libraries of the brain-pituitary-gonad-liver (bpgl-axis) tissues of ad ...201323583682
increased food intake in growth hormone-transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) may be mediated by upregulating agouti-related protein (agrp).in fish, food intake and feeding behavior are crucial for survival, competition, growth and reproduction. growth hormone (gh)-transgenic common carp exhibit an enhanced growth rate, increased food intake and higher feed conversion rate. however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of feeding regulation in gh-transgenic (tg) fish are not clear. in this study, we observed feeding behavior of tg and non-transgenic (nt) common carp, and analyzed the mrna expression levels of npy, agrp i, orexin, pom ...201323583469
risk assessment of microcystins in silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from eight eutrophic lakes in china.bioaccumulation and risk assessment of microcystins (mcs) in muscle of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from eight eutrophic lakes along the yangtze river of china were examined by using liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. mcs contents in seston collected from these eutrophic lakes ranged from 0.02 to 21.7 μg/l. mcs concentrations in silver carp muscle samples varied from 0.014 to 0.036 μg/g dw with an average of 0.028 μg/g dw. the total length of silver car ...201323578609
survival of heterophyid metacercaria in common carp (cyprinus carpio).heterophyidae are small intestinal trematodes that infect vertebrates worldwide. common carp (cyprinus carpio) is one of the most preferred freshwater fish species by consumers in asia, the region where fish-borne trematodes like heterophyidae are most prevalent. how long heterophyidae survive in common carp is unknown. the objective of this study was to quantify survival of heterophyidae in common carp after experimental exposure. fish of 0.18 g were either used as controls or exposed to 250 he ...201323568581
orally administered lps enhances head kidney macrophage activation with down-regulation of il-6 in common carp (cyprinus carpio).immunostimulants represent a promising aquaculture tool for enhancing disease and stress resistance in cultured fish. moreover, the term and dose for acting immunostimulants is an important thing for fish farmer. this study investigated the immune parameters of common carp after oral administration of lps (5, 10, 20 μg/kg/days) for 30 and 60 days, which is considered to be the proper time period for acting in aquaculture. phagocytic and bactericidal activities of head kidney macrophages and seru ...201323567856
a note on the special fillet fatty acid composition of the dwarf carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) living in thermal lake hévíz, hungary.fatty acid (fa) composition of the fillet and the intestinal content of dwarf common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) living in lake hévíz was determined in wintertime collected samples and results were compared to widespread literature data on carp. fillet fa profile of the thermally adapted (28 °c) hévíz dwarf carps differed from profiles originated from divergent culture and feeding conditions in the overall level of saturation. fillet myristic acid proportions largely exceeded all literature da ...201323567829
cytotoxic effects and changes in cytokine gene expression induced by microcystin-containing extract in fish immune cells--an in vitro and in vivo study.blooms of cyanobacteria producing very toxic secondary metabolites (especially microcystins) are potent environmental stressors, hazardous not only to aquatic animals but also to public health. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an extract containing microcystins on immune cells isolated from the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). in the present study it has been found that the extract induced apoptosis and inhibited in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. in addition, the res ...201323542884
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