Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| x-ray microanalysis of myotomal muscle in the sunbleak, leucaspius delineatus (heckel) and goldfish, carassius auratus gibelio. | the functioning of a group of muscle fibres as a tissue that performs a well characterized type of contraction (slow or fast) depends on their biochemical and structural organization that is already well established. the biochemical and structural diversities between three types of fish muscle fibres found also a reflection in the content of light elements. the present work demonstrates significant differences in the content of diffusible elements (cl, k, na, and mg) and bound elements (p and s) ... | 1999 | 10754791 |
| closed water recirculating system for fish rearing equipped with bioreactor capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. | five crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfiicarps had been reared in a closed water recirculating system. the system was equipped with the compact bioreactor using the plate gels capable of both nitrification and denitrification in a single unit. ammonia and nitrite concentrations in the rearing water had been maintained below 0.05 mg-n/l, and nitrate concentration also controlled between 2 and 8 mg-n/l with the bioreactor. as concerns nitrogen budget in the closed system, 95.0% of nitrogen ... | 1999 | 11542800 |
| two gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor subtypes with distinct ligand selectivity and differential distribution in brain and pituitary in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | in the goldfish (carassius auratus) the two endogenous forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), namely chicken gnrh ii ([his5, trp7,tyr8]gnrh) and salmon gnrh ([trp7,leu8]gnrh), stimulate the release of both gonadotropins and growth hormone from the pituitary. this control is thought to occur by means of the stimulation of distinct gnrh receptors. these receptors can be distinguished on the basis of differential gonadotropin and growth hormone releasing activities of naturally occurring g ... | 1999 | 10051676 |
| molecular cloning of an estrogen receptor beta subtype from the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the brain of many teleost fish species, including the goldfish carassius auratus, expresses exceptionally high levels of cytochrome p450 aromatase (estrogen synthetase). to begin investigating the molecular and cellular targets of estrogen action in goldfish brain, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) cloning strategy was used to isolate an estrogen receptor (er) complementary dna (cdna). the 2283-bp cdna isolated from goldfish liver encoded a protein of 568 amino acids (aa) with an estimated molec ... | 1999 | 10068500 |
| seasonal changes in mrna levels of gonadotropin and thyrotropin subunits in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | seasonal changes in the mrna levels of glycoprotein alpha, gonadotropin (gth) ibeta and iibeta, and thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh)) beta subunits in the pituitary of goldfish were quantified by northern blot analysis and laser densitometry. reproductive development and thyroid activity were monitored by measuring gonadosomatic index, plasma gth ii, testosterone (t), estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and thyroid hormones (t4 and t3). plasma gth ii and steroids showed characteristic ... | 1999 | 10068504 |
| whirling disease: host specificity and interaction between the actinosporean stage of myxobolus cerebralis and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | scanning electron microscopic studies were conducted on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the first 60 min after their exposure to the triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis. the results demonstrated that as early as 1 min post exposure the whole process, from the attachment of the triactinomyxon spores to the complete penetration of their sporoplasm germs, had occurred. the triactinomyxon spores sought out the secretory openings of mucous cells of the epidermis, the respiratory epithe ... | 1999 | 10073310 |
| cloning of a fragment of the osteonectin gene from goldfish, carassius auratus: its expression and potential regulation by estrogen. | during reproduction, female teleost fish display increased plasma estrogen and greatly increased total plasma calcium concentrations; the main source of this calcium seems to be the scale. osteonectin, a collagen-binding glycoprotein, is a major noncollagenous constituent of mammalian bone and is a product mainly of the osteoblasts. rt-pct has been applied to clone and sequence part of the osteonectin gene from the goldfish, carassius auratus. the use of a goldfish scale cell line (gfs) and a sp ... | 1999 | 10094861 |
| pathogenicity of mycobacterium fortuitum and mycobacterium smegmatis to goldfish, carassius auratus. | despite the ubiquitous presence of atypical mycobacteria in the environment and the potential risk of infection in humans and animals, the pathogenesis of diseases caused by infection with atypical mycobacteria has been poorly characterized. in this study, goldfish, carassius auratus were infected either with the rapidly growing fish pathogen, mycobacterium fortuitum or with another rapidly growing mycobacteria, mycobacterium smegmatis. bacterial persistence and pathological host response to myc ... | 1999 | 10227476 |
| fish macrophages express a cyclo-oxygenase-2 homologue after activation. | in mammals, the increased generation of prostaglandins (pg) during the onset of inflammatory responses and activation of immune cell types has been attributed to the induction of a novel cyclo-oxygenase (cox) isoform, termed cox-2, which is distinct from the well-characterized constitutive activity (cox-1). goldfish (carassius auratus) macrophages exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and leucocyte-derived macrophage-activating factor(s) showed a significant increase in the generation of the m ... | 1999 | 10229670 |
| identification of serum gh-binding proteins in the goldfish (carassius auratus) and comparison with mammalian gh-binding proteins. | the present study constitutes the characterization of a specific, high-affinity gh-binding protein (ghbp) in the serum of a teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus). gh-binding assay and ligand blotting techniques were employed to identify ghbps in goldfish serum and hepatocyte culture medium. the binding characteristics and apparent molecular weights (mr) of goldfish ghbps were also compared with those of rabbit and rat. ligand analysis identified a single class of high-affinity and low-capaci ... | 1999 | 10320823 |
| superoxide production in phagocytes obtained from mycobacterium marinum-stimulated goldfish (carassius auratus) that were exposed to copper. | to investigate the effects of copper exposure and recovery from copper toxicosis on the nonspecific immune response in mycobacterium marinum-inoculated goldfish. | 1999 | 10376889 |
| in vitro analysis of venom from the wasp nasonia vitripennis: susceptibility of different cell lines and venom-induced changes in plasma membrane permeability. | the lethal effects of crude venom prepared from the ectoparasitic wasp nasonia vitripennis were examined with cultured cells from six insect and two vertebrate species. venom caused cells from sarcophaga peregrina (nih sape4), drosophila melanogaster (crl 1963), trichoplusia ni (tn-368 and bti-tn-5b1-4), spodoptera frugiperda (sf-21ae), and lymantria dispar (ipl-ldfbc1) to round up, swell, and eventually die. despite similar sensitivities and overlapping lc50 values [0.0004-0.0015 venom reservoi ... | 1999 | 10475265 |
| the molecular genetics of red and green color vision in mammals. | to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of red-green color vision in mammals, we have cloned and sequenced the red and green opsin cdnas of cat (felis catus), horse (equus caballus), gray squirrel (sciurus carolinensis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and guinea pig (cavia porcellus). these opsins were expressed in cos1 cells and reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal. the purified visual pigments of the cat, horse, squirrel, deer, and guinea pig have lambdamax values at 553, 545, 532, 531 ... | 1999 | 10511567 |
| recombinant goldfish activin b stimulates gonadotropin-ibeta but inhibits gonadotropin-iibeta expression in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | it is well documented that the pituitary in teleosts produces two gonadotropins, namely gonadotropin-i (gth-i) and gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii), which may regulate different phases of the reproductive cycle. however, unlike in mammals, very little is known about the differential regulation of the two gths in fish. using goldfish as a model, the present study demonstrates, for the first time, that activin, a protein factor that plays a critical role in the differential regulation of mammalian fsh and ... | 1999 | 10525364 |
| stimulation of feeding behavior and food consumption in the goldfish, carassius auratus, by orexin-a and orexin-b. | the neuropeptides, orexin-a and orexin-b, have been demonstrated to have a physiological role in the regulation of food intake in mammals. the effects of human orexin-a and orexin-b intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection on the feeding behavior of goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. i.c.v. injection of orexin-a and orexin-b both caused a significant increase in appetite, as indicated by an increased number of feeding acts. orexin-a and orexin-b both significantly stimulated food ... | 1999 | 10556637 |
| molecular cloning of cdna encoding a cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein (e2-c) from carassius auratus (goldfish) and expression analysis of the cloned gene. | destruction of cyclin b is required for exit from mitosis and meiosis. a cyclin-specific ubiquitinating system, including cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein (e2-c), is thought to be responsible for cyclin b destruction. here we present the cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of goldfish, carassius auratus, e2-c which encodes the cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein from goldfish ovary. the cloned cdna is 677 bp long and encodes 172 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequen ... | 1999 | 10570943 |
| actions of two forms of gonadotropin releasing hormone and a gnrh antagonist on spawning behavior of the goldfish carassius auratus. | the central effects of two native forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii), and a gnrh antagonist, ¿ac-delta 3-pro(1), 4fd-phe(2), d-trp(3, 6)mgnrh (analog e), on the spawning behavior of sexually recrudescent female goldfish were investigated. the effects of analog e were also observed in mature males. female spawning behavior was induced by intramuscular injection of females with prostaglandin f(2alpha) and placing them in the presence ... | 1999 | 10603273 |
| genetic diversity in crucian carp (carassius auratus). | a survey of restriction fragment polymorphism in mitochondrial dna of three subspecies of carassius auratus throughout four provinces in china was undertaken using 17 restriction enzymes. two carp, cyprinus carpio rubbrofuscus and cyprinus carpio carpio, were included as the outgroup. a total of 16 haplotypes was observed: 5 in tetraploids of c. auratus auratus; 8 in hexaploids of c. auratus auratus; and 2 in c. auratus gibelio and c. auratus cuvieri, respectively. the tetraploids and hexaploids ... | 1999 | 10626035 |
| expression of human blood group antigens a and b in stomach cells of c. carpio, c. auratus, r. ridibunda and h. sapiens. | human blood group abh antigens are found not only on red blood cell membranes, but in many other cell types as well. their biological functions still remain unclear. the aim of the present study was to examine the cellular expression of these antigens in the stomach of representatives of different vertebrates--pisces and amphibia and to compare it with their expression found in man. the immunohistochemical technique applied was based on the biotinstreptavidin-peroxidase complex. monoclonal antib ... | 1999 | 10658361 |
| stress and adrenocorticosteroid dynamics in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | 1999 | 1171717 | |
| [immunocytology of alpha-endorphin positive hypothalamic fibers of carassius auratus l. and cyprinus carpio l]. | an immunocytological study of the basal hypothalamus of carassius auratus and cyprinus carpio with an alpha-endorphin antiserum shows the different nerve processes belonging probably to the immunoreactive cells of the lateral part of the n.l.t. according to their pathways, two main fibre tracts have been distinguished: many fluorescent fibres converge towards the pituitary gland into which they enter, other fibres run caudally through the tuber towards the nucleus tuberis inferior (baumgarten an ... | 1999 | 97002 |
| post-trial administration of h1 histamine receptor blocker improves appetitive reversal learning and memory in goldfish, carassius auratus. | based on the hypothesis that neuronal histamine exerts an inhibitory influence on learning and reinforcement, goldfish were tested for post-trial effects of the h1 receptor blocker chlorpheniramine (cpa) on learning the location of a food source in one of two compartments, one black the other white, with a feeder located in each compartment. testing was carried out over 6 days. on the training day a food pellet was placed into the feeder of one of the compartments. after consumption of the food ... | 1999 | 10643884 |
| translational regulation of cyclin b mrna by 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (maturation-inducing hormone) during oocyte maturation in a teleost fish, the goldfish (carassius auratus). | 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17alpha,20beta-dp) was identified as maturation-inducing hormone (mih) in several teleost fishes. in goldfish (carassius auratus), 17alpha,20beta-dp induces oocyte maturation by stimulating the de novo synthesis of cyclin b, a regulatory subunit of maturation-promoting factor (mpf). in this study, we examined the control mechanisms of 17alpha,20beta-dp-induced de novo synthesis of cyclin b protein in oocytes, which is a prerequisite step for mpf activati ... | 1999 | 10630408 |
| characterization of ampa receptors on isolated amacrine-like cells in carp retina. | in amacrine-like cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate and kainate. currents induced by glutamate, but not kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization, and the mean time constant for the decay of the responses to 10 mm glutamate was 2.77 ms. n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) failed to induce any current even with coapplication of glycine and removal of extracellular mg2 +. 1-(4-aminophenyl) ... | 1999 | 10594649 |
| morphometric study of the regeneration of individual rays in teleost tail fins. | the results obtained using morphometric variables which describe fin ray regeneration patterns are reported for individual fin ray amputations in the goldfish (carassius auratus) and zebrafish (brachydanio rerio). classical and updated experiments are compared to verify previous morphogenetic models of cell tractions (oster et al. 1983) or epidermis-mesenchyme induction (saunders et al. 1959) applied to the limb of other vertebrates. position-dependent patterns within the fin of carassius auratu ... | 1999 | 10580854 |
| cytological and biochemical alterations in carassius auratus hepatocytes from exposure to sediment containing dioxins and related compounds. | cytological and biochemical alterations of crucial carp (carassius auratus) hepatocytes were characterized after exposure to sediments from a lake contaminated with dioxins and other industrial chemicals. carp were exposed in 20 l water containing 25, 50, or 100 g of contaminated sediment for 2 and 4 weeks. ultrastructural changes in the liver were characterized by severe enlargement of hepatocytes. alterations in the cell included formation of condensed and irregular cell nucleus, polynuclei, d ... | 1999 | 10473792 |
| uptake of particulate lead via the gills of fish (carassius auratus). | carassius auratus were exposed to mixtures of constant free lead (0. 1 mg/l) and particulate lead (adsorbed on gibbsite particles) at varied concentrations (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/l). the concentrations of lead and aluminum in the gills and intestines of the fish were determined after exposure. the gills were examined (after the exposure) with a light microscope for any particles adhering to the surface. the examination results revealed that lead accumulations on the gills increased w ... | 1999 | 10473791 |
| neuropeptide y has a stimulatory action on feeding behavior in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of neuropeptide y (npy) in the feeding regulation in fish. we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) neuropeptide y administration on food intake in satiated goldfish, at different time intervals postinjection (0-2, 2-8 and 0-8 h). food intake was significantly increased by i.c.v. administered neuropeptide y (1 microg) at 2 h postinjection, while no significant differences in food inta ... | 1999 | 10456424 |
| 11-ketotestosterone induces male-type sexual behavior and gonadotropin secretion in gynogenetic crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | to determine if a gynogenetic teleost might have a sexually bipotential brain, we tested whether implantation of 11-ketotestosterone (kt) induces male-type sexual behavior and gonadotropin (gth) secretion in adult gynogenetic crucian carp, "ginbuna," carassius auratus langsdorfii. kt-implanted female ginbuna were tested for male spawning behavior by pairing them with a stimulus female in which sexual receptivity and attractivity were induced by prostaglandin f(2alpha) (pg) injection. when kt-imp ... | 1999 | 10417231 |
| depletion of head kidney neutrophils and cells with basophilic granules during peritoneal inflammation in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the head kidney morphology of the goldfish with the experimental peritoneal inflammation (on day 2 after i.p. injection with sterile 3% thioglycollate) is compared with that in the control fish (i.e. on day 2 after i.p. injection with a strile physiological saline pbs) with special emphasis on identification of granulocytes on semithin and consecutive ultrathin sections. the most striking feature of head kidneys of goldfish in the course of peritoneal inflammation is a severe depletion of mature ... | 1999 | 10723936 |
| modulation of desensitization at glutamate receptors in isolated crucian carp horizontal cells by concanavalin a, cyclothiazide, aniracetam and pepa. | in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we examined the effects of modulators of glutamate receptor desensitization, concanavalin a, cyclothiazide, aniracetam and 4-[2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio]-2,6-difluoro-phenoxyacetam ide (pepa), on responses to rapid application of glutamate and kainate, using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. incubation of concanavalin a suppressed the peak response but weakly potentiated the equilibrium response of hor ... | 1999 | 10199629 |
| decrease in occurrence of fast startle responses after selective mauthner cell ablation in goldfish (carassius auratus). | a single action potential in one of a pair of reticulospinal neurons, the mauthner cells, precedes a short-latency electromyographic response of the trunk and tail musculature on the opposite side of the body and a fast startle response in goldfish. it has been postulated that not only the mauthner cell, but also an array of neurons can trigger or participate in fast startle responses (eaton et al. 1991). we have selectively ablated the mauthner cells in goldfish to study how neurons of the brai ... | 1999 | 10192953 |
| nmda and non-nmda receptors mediate responses in the primary gustatory nucleus in goldfish. | primary gustatory afferents from the oropharynx of the goldfish, carassius auratus, terminate in the vagal lobe, a laminated structure in the dorsal medulla comparable to the gustatory portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract in mammals. we utilized an in vitro brain slice preparation to test the role of different ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in synaptic transmission of gustatory information by recording changes in field potentials after application of various glutamate receptor an ... | 1999 | 10192474 |
| interval schedule performance in the goldfish carassius auratus. | in experiment 1, five goldfish (carassius auratus) paddle-pressed on fixed-interval (fi) and variable-interval (vi) schedules for food pellet reinforcement. the order of conditions was fi 60 s, fi 240 s, fi 30 s, fi 60 s, and vi 60 s. fi responding showed a scalloped pattern and response-rate break points were proportional to interval duration. post-food wait times varied with interval duration, but were not proportional. response rate on vi was constant. experiment 2 studied the properties of f ... | 1999 | 24897536 |
| ascending spinal projections to the optic tectum, facial and vagal lobes in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | using biotinylated dextran-amines as tracer, we observed prominent ascending spinal projections to three unreported areas in the gold fish brain viz. the optic tectum (ot), facial (fl) and vagal (vl) lobes. from the lateral spinal lemniscus (lsl), some fiber tracts separated off and extended mediodorsally, fanned out and innervated the fl. the vl was clearly laminated and showed three layers-the inner primary motor neuron and fiber layer (pmnf), outer secondary neuron layer (sn) and middle prima ... | 1999 | 9889369 |
| uptake of weakly hydrophobic nitroaromatics from water by semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) and by goldfish (carassius auratus). | semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) filled with triolein, and goldfish (carassius auratus) were simultaneously exposed to nine weakly hydrophobic nitroaromatics in a laboratory continuous-flow experiment. the results showed that the device concentrated the compounds in most cases to a larger extent than fish and that the overall uptake rate constants (kmu) and average pollutant sampling rates (r(s)) were similar. we conclude that the spmds may be used to determine the levels of weakly hydroph ... | 1999 | 10903091 |
| multiplicity of glutamic acid decarboxylases (gad) in vertebrates: molecular phylogeny and evidence for a new gad paralog. | the evolution of chordate glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad; ec 4.1.1.15), a key enzyme in the central nervous system synthesizing the neurotransmitter gamma-amino-butyric acid (gaba) from glutamate, was studied. prior to this study, molecular data of gad had been restricted to mammals, which express two distinct forms, gad65 and gad67. these are the products of separate genes and probably are derived from a common ancestral gad following gene duplication at some point during vertebrate evolution ... | 1999 | 10331265 |
| temperature-related changes in the erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide-sensitive esterase) activity of goldfish, carassius auratus. | 1. carbonic anhydrase activity in 'membrane' and 'cytosol' fractions of goldfish erythrocytes was assayed by the p-nitrophenyl acetate procedure following thermal acclimation. 2. the thermal sensitivity of "membrane"-associated activity was apparently unaltered by acclimation. "cytosol" activity in warm-acclimated specimens was somewhat more thermosensitive than that animals maintained at low temperature. 3. significant increases in specific activity, and activity per unit volume of packed cells ... | 1998 | 108353 |
| vexillifera expectata sp. n. and other non-encysting amoebae isolated from organs of freshwater fish. | four strains of non-encysting amoebae were isolated from organs of freshwater fishes and characterized using light and electron microscope. morphology of three clonal strains was consistent with amoebae which had already been described from water habitats. two strains, one isolated from kidney tissue of common goldfish, carassius auratus (linnaeus, 1758), and the second one from brain of chub, leuciscus cephalus linnaeus, 1758, were identified with vannella platypodia (gläser, 1912) page, 1976. ... | 1998 | 9516992 |
| a comparative study of hearing ability in fishes: the auditory brainstem response approach. | auditory brainstem response (abr) techniques, an electrophysiological far-field recording method widely used in clinical evaluation of human hearing, were adapted for fishes to overcome the major limitations of traditional behavioral and electrophysiological methods (e.g., invasive surgery, lengthy training of fishes, etc.) used for fish hearing research. responses to clicks and tone bursts of different frequencies and amplitudes were recorded with cutaneous electrodes. to evaluate the effective ... | 1998 | 9528109 |
| goldfish, carassius auratus, a novel animal model for the study of mycobacterium marinum pathogenesis. | we have developed an animal model for studying mycobacterial pathogenesis using mycobacterium marinum and the goldfish, carassius auratus. goldfish are injected intraperitoneally with doses between 10(2) and 10(9) cfu of m. marinum organisms. depending on the dose of m. marinum organisms administered, an acute or chronic disease is produced. the acute disease is characterized by systemic mycobacterial infection, severe peritonitis, tissue necrosis, and a short median survival time. the chronic d ... | 1998 | 9596770 |
| perception of two-tone complexes by the goldfish (carassius auratus). | previous experiments on the sense of hearing in goldfish have used a stimulus generalization paradigm to investigate the perceptual dimensions evoked by spectrally and temporally complex sounds. the present experiments investigated the effects on perception of the frequency separation between two tones. in the first set of experiments, six groups of goldfish were classically conditioned to a single tone and then tested for generalization to two-tone complexes having one frequency component equal ... | 1998 | 9667427 |
| auditory stream segregation in goldfish (carassius auratus). | goldfish were classically conditioned to a mixture of two pulse trains differing in both repetition rate and the spectral profile of the pulses. animals were then tested for generalization to single pulse trains having one or the other spectral profile presented at a variety of repetition rates. generalization functions of repetition rate were qualitatively similar to those obtained following conditioning to either of the pulse trains alone. thus, the spectral profile of each pulse type was appr ... | 1998 | 9667432 |
| occurrence and significance of atypical aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species: a review. | bacterial strains of aeromonas salmonicida included in the recognized subsp. acromogenes, subsp. masoucida, and subsp. smithia in addition to the large number of strains not included in any of the described subspecies are referred to as atypical a. salmonicida. the atypical strains form a very heterogeneous group with respect to biochemical characteristics, growth conditions, and production of extracellular proteasess. consequently, the present taxonomy of the species a. salmonicida is rather am ... | 1998 | 9696626 |
| the fate of organic xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems: quantitative and qualitative differences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish. | biotransformation of natural and man-made foreign compounds (xenobiotics) proceeds via introduction of a functional group (phase i metabolism) and subsequent attachment of a polar moiety to the group (phase ii metabolism). the biotransformation fate of xenobiotics depends on the activities, complement and inducibility of the biotransformation enzymes. previous analysis of the dependence of in vivo rates of biotransformation on tissue parent compound concentration for marine invertebrates reveale ... | 1998 | 9773498 |
| ectoparasitic species of the genus trichodina (ciliophora: peritrichida) parasitising british freshwater fish. | seven species of the genus trichodina ehrenberg, 1838 were identified during a sampling programme of twenty freshwater fish species from approximately sixty sites in scotland, england and wales. species found include: trichodina acuta lom, 1961 from cyprinus carpio l., carassius auratus l., oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), salmo trutta l. and phoxinus phoxinus l.; trichodina domerguei wallengren, 1897 from gasterosteus aculeatus l.; trichodina tenuidens faure-fremiet, 1944 from gasterosteus aculea ... | 1998 | 9805782 |
| structural and expression analyses of gonadotropin ibeta subunit genes in goldfish (carassius auratus). | gonadotropin (gth) is a pituitary glycoprotein hormone that regulates gonadal development in vertebrates. in teleosts, it is considered that two types of gth, gth i (follicle-stimulating hormone-like gth) and gth ii (luteinizing hormone-like gth), are produced in the pituitary, and their molecules are comprised of common alpha and distinct beta subunits. in this study, we describe the complete structure and 5'-flanking regulatory region of two distinct genes encoding gth ibeta in goldfish, caras ... | 1998 | 9831661 |
| olfactory receptors in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. | in species representing different levels of vertebrate evolution, olfactory receptor genes have been identified by molecular cloning techniques. comparing the deduced amino-acid sequences revealed that the olfactory receptor gene family of rana esculenta resembles that of xenopus laevis, indicating that amphibians in general may comprise two classes of olfactory receptors. whereas teleost fish, including the goldfish carassius auratus, possess only class i receptors, the 'living fossil' latimeri ... | 1998 | 9839455 |
| identification of three putative gnrh receptor subtypes in vertebrates. | the majority of vertebrates have two or three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), which appear to have arisen by successive gene duplication events. this suggests the possibility of concordant gene duplications of the gnrh receptor to produce two or more cognate receptors. since the extracellular loop 3 (ec3) domain of mammalian gnrh receptors plays a role in distinguishing the different forms of gnrh, we have contemplated that the sequence of this domain will differ significantly in ... | 1998 | 9843635 |
| mrna expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrhs) and gnrh receptor in goldfish. | in goldfish (carassius auratus), two distinct forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), namely, salmon gnrh (sgnrh) and chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii), have been identified in the brain using chromatographic, immunological, and molecular cloning approaches. these two native gnrhs act on specific receptors in the anterior pituitary to stimulate the synthesis and release of gonadotropins and growth hormone in goldfish. to evaluate the potential roles of sgnrh and cgnrh-ii in both neural and repr ... | 1998 | 9843636 |
| concurrent invaders--four exotic species of monogenea now established on exotic freshwater fishes in australia. | four species of exotic monogeneans are reported from five species of exotic freshwater fish in australia: gytrodactylus bullatarudis from poecilia reticulata and xiphophorus helleri in queensland; gyrodactylus macracanthus from misgurnus anguillicaudatus in the australian capital territory; dactylogyrus extensus from cyprinus carpio in the australian capital territory; and dactylogyrus anchoratus from carassius auratus in the australian capital territory. this is the first published record of de ... | 1998 | 9846613 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel bioactive peptide, carassius rfamide (c-rfa), from the brain of the japanese crucian carp. | a novel bioactive peptide with the c-terminal rfamide was isolated from the brain of the japanese crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii, by using the intestine of the fish as the bioassay system. the primary structure of the peptide was determined to be speidpfwyvgrgvrpigrfamide and it was designated carassius rfamide (c-rfa). the sequence of c-rfa was found to be significantly homologous to the molluscan neuropeptide termed achatina cardioexcitatory peptide 1 (acep-1). both peptides have ... | 1998 | 9446813 |
| fever in goldfish is induced by pyrogens but not by handling. | six goldfish, carassius auratus, weighing 2.5 to 4 g were placed individually in an aquarium with two communicating chambers. one chamber was thermostatted at 34 degrees c, the other at 37 degrees c. in control session a, without external intervention, fish selected the cooler chamber most of the time and stayed only 4.8 +/- 1.1 min/2 h at 37 degrees c. in session b, infectious fever was assayed: pyrogen (salmonella typhosa lps, or human interleukin-2) was injected intracranially and fish stayed ... | 1998 | 9469730 |
| the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome from a gynogenetic triploid "ginbuna" (carassius auratus langsdorfi). | the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the gynogenetic triploid ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi, az3 line) has been cloned and sequenced. the genome consisted of 16,578 bp and encoded the same set of genes (13 proteins, 2 rrnas and 22 trnas) in addition to a d-loop region, as described for other vertebrate mtdnas. comparison with other teleost mtdnas demonstrated that the protein/rrna-coding regions of the ginbuna were highly homologous both in length and nucleotide composition to those ... | 1998 | 18465995 |
| atp-sensitive k+ channels in cardiac muscle from cold-acclimated goldfish: characterization and altered response to atp. | atp-sensitive potassium channels (k(atp)) play an important, if incompletely defined, role in myocardial function in mammals. with the discovery that k(atp) channels are also present at high densities in the hearts of vertebrate ectotherms, speculation arises as to their function during periods of cold-acclimation and depressed atp synthesis. we used single-channel and intracellular recording techniques to examine the possibility that channel activity would be altered in cardiac muscle from gold ... | 1998 | 11253812 |
| [comparative studies on gene expression of isozymes in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp during embryogenesis]. | isozyme zymograms of esterase (est), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at different developmental stages of embryogenesis in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp embryos, including haploids, diploids, natural triploids, and multiple tetraploids, and 2 types of haploid and diploid common carp embryos. haploid embryos of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carp ... | 1998 | 12016959 |
| spectral sensitivity of cones in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the spectral sensitivities of retinal cones isolated from goldfish (carassius auratus) retinas were measured in the range 277-737 nm by recording membrane photocurrents with suction pipette electrodes (spe). cones were identified with lambda max (+/- s.d.) at 623 +/- 6.9 nm, 537 +/- 4.7 nm, 447 +/- 7.7 nm, and about 356 nm (three cells). two cells (lambda max 572 and 576 nm) possibly represent genetic polymorphism. a single a2 template fits the alpha-band of p447(2), p537(2), and p623(2). hplc a ... | 1998 | 9797974 |
| isolation of a 65-kda protein from white muscle of warm temperature-acclimated goldfish (carassius auratus). | a 65-kda protein expressed in association with warm temperature acclimation of goldfish (carassius auratus) was purified from epaxial muscle by successive ion-exchange, gel filtration, and reversed-phase columns while monitoring immuno-reaction with a specific antibody. a total of 517 micrograms of the 65-kda protein was obtained from 23.4 g of the muscle of 30 degrees c-acclimated fish. the purified 65-kda protein gave one band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-p ... | 1998 | 9787800 |
| pacap (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide)-like immunoreactivity in the gill arch of the goldfish, carassius auratus: distribution and comparison with vip. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (pacap) is a novel vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip)-like peptide isolated from ovine hypothalamus. it is present in neuronal elements of a number of peripheral organs. we have examined whether pacap occurs in the gill arch of carassius auratus l. in which our recent studies have shown the presence of vip-like peptide. immunohistochemistry has revealed pacap-like immunoreactivity in the anterior branches of the post-trematic glossopharyngeal and v ... | 1998 | 9716747 |
| desensitization of ampa receptors on horizontal cells isolated from crucian carp retina. | in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded the whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) and kainate. currents induced by glutamate and ampa, but not by kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization. 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylcarbamyl- 4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydro-5h-2,3-benzodiazepine (gyki 53655), a selective ampa receptor antagonist, was fou ... | 1998 | 9700718 |
| influence of dioxin and metal-contaminated sediment on phase i and ii biotransformation enzymes in silver crucian carp. | several biochemical responses were measured in silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) after exposure to sediments obtained from contaminated ya-er lake, no. 1 pond, and an unpolluted reference site, honglian lake. after 1 week of exposure, a significant induction of the phase i biotransformation enzyme (ethoxylresorufin-o-deethylase, erod) was found (83-fold of control), whereas the phase ii biotransformation enzyme (glutathione s-transferase, gst) exhibited a slight, but significant in ... | 1998 | 9679686 |
| dorsal specification in blastoderm at the blastula stage in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the teleost dorsoventral axis cannot be morphologically distinguished before gastrulation. previous studies by the current authors have shown that localized dorsalizing activity in the yolk cell (yc) induces the dorsal tissues in the overlying blastoderm. in order to examine whether or not dorsal blastomeres are committed to their dorsal fate before the gastrula stage, a variety of transplant operations were performed in goldfish blastoderms at the mid- to late-blastula stages. when the blastode ... | 1998 | 9639354 |
| partitioning the effects of temperature and kinematic viscosity on the c-start performance of adult fishes | temperature has been shown to have a significant effect on swimming performance in teleost fish. this thermal dependence has usually been attributed to correlated changes in muscle contractile physiology. however, the physical properties of all materials, including both water and living tissues, are profoundly affected by changes in temperature. in particular, both the kinematic viscosity of water and the flexible body dynamics of the fish (independent of muscle contractile activity) are substan ... | 1998 | 9622576 |
| physiological properties of the mauthner system in the adult zebrafish. | we investigated the morphological and electrophysiological properties of the mauthner (m-) cell and its networks in the adult zebrafish (danio rerio) in comparison with those in the goldfish (carassius auratus). the zebrafish m-cell has an axon cap, a high resistivity structure which surrounds the initial segment of the m-axon, and accounts for an unusual amplification of the fields generated within and around it. second, extra- and intracellular recordings were performed with microelectrodes. t ... | 1998 | 9619502 |
| transformation of peripheral inputs by the first-order lateral line brainstem nucleus. | extracellular recording techniques were used to record the responses of medial nucleus cells and posterior lateral line nerve fibers in mottled sculpin, cottus bairdi, and goldfish, carassius auratus, to a 50-hz dipole source (vibrating sphere). responses were characterized in terms of (1) receptive fields that relate responsiveness (spike rate and phase-locking) to the location of the source along the length of the fish, (2) input-output functions that relate responsiveness to vibration amplitu ... | 1998 | 9579053 |
| some forebrain connections of the gustatory system in the goldfish carassius auratus visualized by separate dii application to the hypothalamic inferior lobe and the torus lateralis. | the neuroanatomical connections of the diencephalic torus lateralis and inferior lobe of the goldfish (carassius auratus) were studied by retrograde and anterograde labeling with the carbocyanine dye dii. both structures have afferents originating in the central zone of the dorsal telencephalic area as well as in the supracommissural nucleus of the ventral telencephalic area, and in the secondary gustatory, tertiary gustatory, and posterior thalamic nuclei. both structures investigated have effe ... | 1998 | 9552123 |
| characterization of repetitive dna sequences carrying 5s rdna of the triploid ginbuna (japanese silver crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfi). | repetitive dna sequences (hi-b; 209 bp in length) were isolated from the hindiii digests of the genomic dna of the triploid ginbuna, carassius auratus langsdorfi. sequence analyses revealed that the hi-b repetitive units were comprised of the complete coding regions of 5s rdna (120 bp in size) and their 5'flanking regions. the sequences of the hi-b units from the same individual were highly homogeneous. southern blot hybridization to the hi-b probe displayed intricate patterns that represented t ... | 1998 | 9546204 |
| sex pheromones and amino acids evoke distinctly different spatial patterns of electrical activity in the goldfish olfactory bulb. | until now, electrophysiological studies of the vertebrate olfactory bulb have tested only 'generalist' cues. these studies suggest that odorants are discriminated by a broadly distributed spatial map. in this study, we tested for the first time in a vertebrate the hypothesis that 'specialist' cues (pheromones) are discriminated by a more restricted component of the olfactory bulb. our model is the male goldfish, carassius auratus, for which five sex pheromones with both behavioral and physiologi ... | 1998 | 10049233 |
| excitatory amino acid neurotransmission in the primary gustatory nucleus of the goldfish carassius auratus. | the vagal lobe in goldfish is a laminated structure in the midmedulla responsible for processing vagal gustatory input from the oropharynx. the anatomical arrangement of the vagal lobe is conducive to an in vitro slice preparation for investigating the physiology and pharmacology of primary gustatory fibers. postsynaptic population responses (n2 and n3) were evoked from sensory layers of the vagal lobe following stimulation of the incoming vagal fibers. application of 100 microm kynurenic acid, ... | 1998 | 10049227 |
| the caudal neurosecretory system and its afferent synapses in the goldfish, carassius auratus: morphology, immunohistochemistry, and fine structure. | morphological features of the goldfish caudal neurosecretory system were investigated by means of immunohistochemical localization of urotensins i and ii (ui and uii) and electron microscopic examination of the caudal neurosecretory neurons, the urophysis, and the synaptic neuropil. the aim of the work is to provide a detailed morphological description of the afferent synapses to the caudal neurons and to analyze their distribution through the rostrocaudal extension of the caudal neurosecretory ... | 1998 | 9397580 |
| human and recombinant erythropoietin stimulate erythropoiesis in the goldfish carassius auratus. | erythropoietin (epo) stimulates differentiation of erythrocytes and biosynthesis of haemoglobin in mammals. it has not been confirmed that epo is effective in other vertebrates, so we attempted to verify the effectiveness of human-urinary and recombinant epo on erythropoiesis of the goldfish carassius auratus. the results indicate that both types of epo produce an increase in haemoglobin, erythrocytes and erythroblasts number in peripheral blood of the goldfish; moreover, they stimulate erythrop ... | 1997 | 9491316 |
| isolation and characterisation of mrna encoding the salmon- and chicken-ii type gonadotrophin-releasing hormones in the teleost fish rutilus rutilus (cyprinidae). | the complementary dnas (cdna) encoding the [trp7,leu8]-gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (salmon-type gnrh; sgnrh:genebank accession no. u60667) and the [his5,trp7,tyr8]-gnrh (chicken-ii-type gnrh; cgnrh-ii: genebank accession no. u60668) precursor in the roach (rutilus rutilus) were isolated and sequenced following reverse transcription and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the sgnrh and cgnrh-ii precursor cdnas consisted of 439 and 628 bp, and included open reading frames of 282 and 255 b ... | 1997 | 9460654 |
| development of a cell line from skin of goldfish, carassius auratus, and effects of ascorbic acid on collagen deposition. | growth characteristics and collagen expression were investigated in gfsk-s1, a cell line derived from the skin of an adult goldfish (carassius auratus). these cells are anchorage dependent, grow well in leibovitz-15 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, and have been subcultured routinely for 5 years. cells at various passages have been successfully cryopreserved and thawed. gfsk-s1 cells show mainly a fibroblastic morphology at low density, but at confluence islands of epithelial-shaped cells app ... | 1997 | 9088943 |
| recombinant gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i: subcloning, expression in escherichia coli, purification and characterization. | gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i (gsigf-i) cdna coding for the mature protein was cloned in a pgem-3z vector, and then transferred into prokaryotic expression vector pet-11a and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) cells upon induction with isopropyl thiogalactoside. the expressed protein contained within the inclusion-body pellet was solubilized in 4.5 m urea, refolded for 24 h at ph 11.3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of cysteine and purified to over 98% ... | 1997 | 9135579 |
| immunolocalization of aromatase- and androgen receptor-positive neurons in the goldfish brain. | full expression of testosterone (t) actions in the brain requires both direct binding to androgen receptors (ar) and in situ aromatization to estradiol (e2). to determine the cellular basis of constitutively high aromatase and ar binding activities in teleost fish brain, and the neuroanatomic location and spatial relations of cells of each type, an immunocytochemical mapping study of goldfish (carassius auratus) brain was carried out using antibodies to human placental aromatase and human/rat ar ... | 1997 | 9169111 |
| variation in the egg cell forming region of gyrodactylus kobayashii hukuda, 1940 (monogenea:gyrodactylidae). | the egg cell forming region of gyrodactylus kobayashii from goldfish (carassius auratus) is a thin nucleated cytoplasmic layer surrounding the developing egg cell (= oocyte). the cytoplasm contains numerous elougate membranes. as parasites age, the egg cell forming region becomes electron lucent. the apical membrane of the egg cell forming region becomes disrupted in places. a basal matrix is indistinct in new-born and young worms, becoming more evident as worms grow older. numerous pits (= basa ... | 1997 | 9193944 |
| isolation and characterization of goldfish y box protein, a germ-cell-specific rna-binding protein. | cyclin b is a regulatory subunit of maturation-promoting factor. in goldfish (carassius auratus) oocytes, cyclin b is synthesized de novo after stimulation by 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (maturation-inducing hormone). in this study, we examined goldfish oocyte proteins bound to cyclin b mrna. using oligo(dt)-cellulose affinity chromatography and northwestern blotting analysis, we identified a 54-kda cyclin b mrna-binding protein (p54). southwestern blotting analysis showed the bindi ... | 1997 | 9395336 |
| susceptibility of several species of cyprinidae and salmonidae freshwater fish to larval gnathostoma nipponicum infection. | susceptibility of five species of cyprinidae and salmonidae freshwater fish to the early third-stage larvae (eal3) and advanced third-stage larvae (adl3) of gnathostoma nipponicum infection were examined. two fish species inoculated orally with eal3 were infected, and adl3 were recovered from them with rate of 21.0% in tribolodon hakonensis and 0.5% in cyprinus carpio at 30 days postinoculation (pi). attempts to infect five fish species with adl3 were all successful. the recovery rate of adl3 wa ... | 1997 | 9409521 |
| neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotrophin ii release and gonadal growth in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the goldfish, a member of the carp family, is a widely used model for reproductive neuroendocrine studies of economically important fish. the two gonadotrophin (gth) molecules released from the fish anterior pituitary, gth-i and gth-ii, are structurally similar to tetrapod fsh and lh, respectively. gonadotrophin ii is the best studied, and in goldfish stimulates gonadal growth and steroidogenesis, ovulation and sperm release. growth hormone also has gonadotrophic actions in fish which enhance go ... | 1997 | 9414466 |
| molecular evolution of vertebrate vip receptors and functional characterization of a vip receptor from goldfish carassius auratus. | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) is a neuropeptide that has numerous physiological actions and is widely distributed in the body. however, as yet, there is no sequence information about vip receptors in lower vertebrates. partial cdna fragments spanning transmembrane domains 2 to 6 of vip receptors were isolated from six nonmammalian vertebrate species, including chicken, pigeon, frog, lizard, salmon, and goldfish. sequence comparison of these receptors revealed essential structural motif ... | 1997 | 9038250 |
| growth rate reduction of goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to p,p'ddt and chlorobenzenes in diets with differing lipid contents. | 1997 | 9307435 | |
| characterization of opiate binding sites on the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) pronephric leukocytes. | the head kidney is the main lymphopoietic organ of teleost fish. it is the source of leukocytes inhabiting the peritoneal cavity during an experimental peritoneal inflammation (gruca et al., folia biol.-kraków, 1997, 44, 137-142). the number of elicited peritoneal leukocytes is significantly lower in the goldfish with concomitant morphine injection than in their counterparts injected with the irritant only. morphine may act directly on the head kidney leukocytes, as they are equipped with the se ... | 1997 | 9437766 |
| identification of neuronal isozyme specific residues by comparison of goldfish aldolase c to other aldolases. | a 2061 bp cdna encoding a goldfish (carassius auratus) aldolase was isolated from a goldfish brain library. the deduced 362 amino acid sequence is more similar to vertebrate brain (aldolase c) and muscle aldolases (aldolase a) than to the liver isozymes (aldolase b). northern blot analysis indicates strong expression of the mrna in brain but not in liver or muscle, which indicates that this is aldolase c rather than aldolase a. analysis of all known vertebrate aldolase amino acid sequences revea ... | 1997 | 9219352 |
| influence of dietary fat on the intestinal absorption of lipophilic compounds in goldfish (carassius auratus). | dietary uptake of a mixture of pp'ddt and four chlorobenzenes from diets with different lipid contents was measured in goldfish (carassius auratus) in order to investigate the mechanism of intestinal absorption of organic compounds. the results of the experiments suggest that intestinal absorption is basically controlled by chemical diffusion rather than lipid coassimilation. the extent of dietary uptake as indicated by biomagnification factor was strongly correlated with the chemical log kow, i ... | 1997 | 9469886 |
| a family of highly repetitive dnas from "ginbuna" (carassius auratus langsdorfi) genome common to carassius auratus populations. | a family of highly repetitive dnas (hi-a) in the genome from a population of the crucian carp, tentatively identified as the ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi), was isolated from the hindiii digests and characterized. the hi-a monomer (268 or 269 bp) was at-rich (64.9%) with internal repetitive oligomers. the nucleotide similarity among monomers within the same individual was 88-98%, whose sequence alterations occurred mostly at restricted sites. hybridization analyses revealed that the hi-a ... | 1997 | 9450387 |
| the cardiac internuncial cell in carassius auratus longsdorffii and other 19 teleost species: a fine-structural study. | thin-section studies of the sino-auricular border region in the hearts of 20 species of teleost fish revealed the cardiac internuncial cell (cic), hitherto known only in misgurnus, to occur also in 8 species (acheilognathus lanceolatus, carassius auratus longsdorffii, cyprinus carpio, girella punctata, kareius bicoloratus, rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus, rhyncopelates oxyrhynchus, tilapia nilotica), but to be absent in the other 12 species. there was an indication that the cic was close in nature t ... | 1997 | 9412743 |
| expression of cytochrome oxidase in hair cells of the teleost utricle. | ultrastructural variation in some cytoplasmic organelles and synaptic structures is one characteristic distinguishing the types of hair cells in the teleost ear. in this study, we explored differences in mitochondria by analyzing mitochondrial reactivity for cytochrome oxidase (cox) in hair cells of the teleost utricle. the reactivity for cox within mitochondria in the subcuticular compartment directly beneath the cuticular plate differentiated among hair cells in utricles of three teleost speci ... | 1997 | 9259236 |
| transepithelial transport and cell volume control in proximal renal tubules from the teleost carassius auratus. | the objective of this work was to study cell volume regulation and transepithelial transport in renal proximal tubules. a modified stop-flow technique in in vitro perfused renal proximal tubules of carassius auratus was used. the rate of luminal fluid absorption and the epithelial thickness were measured. isosmotic na+ removal from the tubule lumen or addition of the na+/glucose co-transport blocker phloridzin (0.5 mm) to the lumen inhibited fluid absorption. only minor effects on luminal absorp ... | 1997 | 9246390 |
| electron microscopic perspectives of gill pathology induced by 1-naphthyl-n-methylcarbamate in the goldfish (carassius auratus linnaeus). | this experiment has clarified the ultrastructural pathology, by scanning (sem) and transmission electron microscopy (tem), induced by 1-naphthyl-n- methylcarbamate (carbaryl) in the gills of juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus linneaus). carbaryl is a low toxicity pesticide commonly used in forestry and agriculture and for controlling aquatic weeds and crustacean predators of shellfish, and has been known to cause gill damage in fish and clams. a variety of cellular changes were observed after ... | 1997 | 9225146 |
| effects of telencephalic ablation on short-term memory and attention in goldfish. | two hypotheses regarding the functions of the teleost telencephalon (short-term memory and nonspecific arousal hypotheses) were examined by using a y-maze training paradigm. a delayed reinforcement method, which allowed the separation of choice process (a process in which choice responses are evoked) and reward process (a process in which choice responses are reinforced), showed that normal fish can acquire clear learned responses to choice stimuli under different stimulus conditions between the ... | 1997 | 9134154 |
| activity of esterases from different tissues of freshwater fish and responses of their isoenzymes to inhibitors. | activity of nonspecific esterase from different tissues (i.e., liver, gallbladder, heart, intestine, and muscle) of five species of freshwater fish, namely, topmouth gudgeon (pseudorasbora parva), goldfish (carassius auratus), nile tilapia (tilapia nilotica), mosquitofish (gambusia affinis), and rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) was tested using alpha-naphthyl acetate as substrate. the results indicated that activity of the enzyme was mainly concentrated in the digestive system (i.e., intestine, l ... | 1997 | 9176555 |
| polyploid-specific repetitive dna sequences from triploid ginbuna (japanese silver crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfi). | repetitive dna sequences (cal3ndr) in the genome of a triploid ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi) were isolated from the drai digests of the genomic dna. this at-rich (61%) cal3ndr monomer was 137 bp in length. the nucleotide similarity among the monomers from the same individual was considerably high (above 97%). hybridization analyses revealed that the cal3ndr sequences were organized into tandem arrays. these dna sequences were present only in triploid and tetraploid ginbunas and were abs ... | 1997 | 9265737 |
| effect of alpha-helical-crf[9-41] on feeding in goldfish: involvement of cortisol and catecholamines. | the anoretic effect of corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) was not dependent on adrenal activation in goldfish (carassius auratus). moreover, an interaction between crf and the hypothalamic catecholaminergic system in the central regulation of food intake was observed. the intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of crf increased cortisol levels and reduced food intake and hypothalamic norepinephrine and dopamine content at 2 hr postinjection, with these effects reversed by alpha-helical cr ... | 1997 | 9106678 |
| substance p facilitates memory in goldfish in an appetitively motivated learning task. | the aim of this study was to investigate if the neuropeptide substance p (sp) can improve learning and memory in goldfish (carassius auratus). four groups of fish were trained for seven days to find food in one out of two compartments until discrimination was achieved. on the last training day, they were injected (intra-abdominal) with haloperidol or vehicle before the training, and with sp or vehicle immediately after the training session. each group of fish received either: (1) vehicle+vehicle ... | 1997 | 9095345 |
| ocular melatonin rhythms in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | ocular melatonin rhythms in the goldfish were studied and compared to those in the pineal organ and plasma. under light:dark (ld) of 12 h light:12 h dark, melatonin contents in the eye as well as the pineal organ and plasma exhibited clear day-night changes with higher levels at mid-dark than at mid-light. however, melatonin contents in the eye at mid-light and mid-dark were approximately 100 and 9 times greater than those in the pineal organ, respectively. day-night changes of ocular melatonin ... | 1997 | 9090571 |
| genomic structure and sequence of the pufferfish (fugu rubripes) growth hormone-encoding gene: a comparative analysis of teleost growth hormone genes. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for amplifying a fragment of the gene (gh) encoding teleost growth hormone has been developed. using this technique, a fragment of the pufferfish, fugu rubripes and arothron maculatus, dwarf gourami, colisa lalia; guppy, poecilia reticulata; and goldfish, carassius auratus gh genes were cloned. the fugu rubripes (fugu) gene fragment was used to isolate the gh gene from a fugu genomic library. the complete nucleotide sequence of a 8.5-kb saci gen ... | 1997 | 9099882 |
| sequence of a cdna clone encoding a novel somatolactin in goldfish, carassius auratus. | as a first step towards the development of a sensitive ribonuclease protection assay to study the regulation of somatolactin (sl) mrna expression in pituitary cells of goldfish, we have isolated a complementary dna (cdna) clone encoding precursor sequence of sl from a cdna library prepared from goldfish pituitary poly(a)+ rna. the 843-bp goldfish sl (gfsl) cdna has an open reading frame of 693 nucleotides with two possible start codons of aug. amino acid sequence alignment revealed that gfsl has ... | 1997 | 9125164 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive nerves in the gill arch of teleost fish, carassius auratus l. | the localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-immunoreactive (ir) nerve cell bodies and fibers has been studied in the gill arches of goldfish (carassius auratus, l.) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) immunohistochemical method. it was found that vip-ir nerve cell bodies are localized in connective tissue on the oral side of the gill arch; these cells were present as single cells, in couples or as small clusters. moreover, a dense network of vip-ir fibers was observed benea ... | 1997 | 9150792 |
| reaction-diffusion analysis of the effects of temperature on high-energy phosphate dynamics in goldfish skeletal muscle. | thermal acclimation results in dramatic changes in the fractional volume of mitochondria within skeletal muscle of teleost fish. we investigated the hypothesis that changes in mitochondrial volume represent a compensatory response to temperature-induced changes in intracellular diffusion coefficients (d) of the high-energy phosphate compounds atp and creatine phosphate (pcr). using 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we determined dpcr and datp in goldfish (carassius auratus) skeletal m ... | 1997 | 9104779 |
| molecular cloning of the cdnas encoding two gonadotropin beta subunits (gth-i beta and -ii beta) from the goldfish, carassius auratus. | two types of cdnas (gth-i beta and -ii beta) that encode the beta subunit of goldfish gonadotropin were cloned from a goldfish pituitary cdna library. the nucleotide sequence of gth-i beta cdna was 616 bp long, encoding 130 amino acids, and that of gth-ii beta was 552 bp long, encoding 140 amino acids. these two types of goldfish gth beta subunits showed an identity of 52% in the nucleotide sequence and 38% in the amino acid sequence. when compared to mammalian gth beta subunits, goldfish gth-i ... | 1997 | 9073500 |