Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| acute chagas outbreaks: molecular and biological features of trypanosoma cruzi isolates, and clinical aspects of acute cases in santander, colombia. | outbreaks of acute chagas disease associated with oral transmission are easily detected nowadays with trained health personnel in areas of low endemicity, or in which the vector transmission has been interrupted. given the biological and genetic diversity of trypanosoma cruzi, the high morbidity, mortality, and the observed therapeutic failure, new characteristics of these outbreaks need to be addressed at different levels, both in trypanosoma cruzi as in patient response. the aim of this work w ... | 2015 | 26612724 |
| infestation of arboreal nests of coatis by triatomine species, vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, in a large neotropical wetland. | the coati (nasua nasua, carnivora) is a medium-sized mammal common in the pantanal of brazil. unlike most mammals, coatis construct arboreal nests used for resting and reproduction. in this region, the coati is an important host of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease. there are two possible routes through coatis can be infected by t. cruzi: the oral route or the vectorial route. however, the relative importance of each of these routes in the infection of coatis and its role ... | 2015 | 26611974 |
| prevalence of chagas disease in a rural area in the state of ceara, brazil. | chagas disease is caused by trypanosoma cruzi and affects about two to three million people in brazil, still figuring as an important public health problem. a study was conducted in a rural area of the municipality of limoeiro do norte - ce, northeastern brazil, aiming to determine the prevalence of t. cruzi infection. of the inhabitants, 52% were examined, among whom 2.6% (4/154) were seropositive in at least two serological tests. all seropositive individuals were older than 50 years, farmers, ... | 2015 | 26603232 |
| expression of non-acetylatable lysines 10 and 14 of histone h4 impairs transcription and replication in trypanosoma cruzi. | the histone h4 from trypanosomatids diverged from other eukaryotes in the n-terminus, a region that undergoes post-translation modifications involved in the control of gene expression, dna replication, and chromatin assembly. nonetheless, the n-terminus of trypanosoma cruzi histone h4 is mainly acetylated at lysine 4. the lysines 10 and 14 are also acetylated, although at less extent, increasing during the s-phase or after dna damage, which suggests a regulatory function. here, we investigated t ... | 2015 | 26602446 |
| experimental and mathematical-modeling characterization of trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote motility. | the present work is aimed at characterizing the motility of parasite t. cruzi in its epimastigote form. to that end, we recorded the trajectories of two strains of this parasite (a wild-type strain and a stable transfected strain, which contains an ectopic copy of lyt1 gene and whose motility is known to be affected). we further extracted parasite trajectories from the recorded videos, and statistically analysed the following trajectory-step features: step length, angular change of direction, lo ... | 2015 | 26544863 |
| historical perspectives on the epidemiology of human chagas disease in texas and recommendations for enhanced understanding of clinical chagas disease in the southern united states. | chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi infection) has recently been identified as an important neglected tropical disease in the united states. anecdotally referred to as a "silent killer," it leads to the development of potentially fatal cardiac disease in approximately 30% of those infected. in an attempt to better understand the potential of chagas disease as a significant underlying cause of morbidity in texas, we performed a historical literature review to assess disease burden. human reports of ... | 2015 | 26540273 |
| [entomological study of trypanosoma cruzi vectors in the rural communities of sucre state, venezuela]. | the ecological niche of reduvidae vectors has been modified due to environmental changes and human encroachment into the rural areas. | 2015 | 26535547 |
| trypanosoma cruzi p21: a potential novel target for chagasic cardiomyopathy therapy. | chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of cardiomyopathy in latin america. it is estimated that 10%-30% of all infected individuals will acquire chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (ccc). the etiology of ccc is multifactorial and involves parasite genotype, host genetic polymorphisms, immune response, signaling pathways and autoimmune progression. herein we verified the impact of the recombinant form of p21 (rp21), a secreted t. cruzi protein involve ... | 2015 | 26574156 |
| structural design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 4-thiazolidinones against trypanosoma cruzi. | chagas disease is an infection caused by protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, which affects approximately 8-10million people worldwide. benznidazole is the only drug approved for treatment during the acute and asymptomatic chronic phases of chagas disease; however, it has poor efficacy during the symptomatic chronic phase. therefore, the development of new pharmaceuticals is needed. here, we employed the bioisosterism to modify a potent antiparasitic and cruzain-inhibitor aryl thiosemicarbazone (4) into ... | 2015 | 26549870 |
| highly discordant serology against trypanosoma cruzi in central veracruz, mexico: role of the antigen used for diagnostic. | chagas disease is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi. in mexico, the burden of the disease is difficult to estimate and improving surveillance for chagas disease is an important priority. we aimed here at determining the seroprevalence of t. cruzi infection in humans in a rural community in veracruz. | 2015 | 26384317 |
| unveiling the trypanosoma cruzi nuclear proteome. | replication of trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas disease, displays peculiar features, such as absence of chromosome condensation and closed mitosis. although previous proteome and subproteome analyses of t. cruzi have been carried out, the nuclear subproteome of this protozoan has not been described. here, we report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the isolation and proteome analysis of t. cruzi nuclear fraction. for that, t. cruzi epimastigote cells were lysed ... | 2015 | 26383644 |
| comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of trypanosoma cruzi mammalian-stage forms in an alkaline ph range. | it is estimated that several million people are currently infected worldwide by the protozoan parasite, trypanosoma cruzi, which causes chagas disease. after mammalian host infection, a fundamental event is the differentiation from infective trypomastigotes into replicative amastigotes (amastigogenesis) inside host-cells. to unravel the particularities of both forms, it is essential to identify molecules presented in each form. since t. cruzi gene expression regulation occurs mainly at posttrans ... | 2015 | 26369951 |
| a dominant negative form of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor induces metacyclogenesis and increases mitochondrial density in trypanosoma cruzi. | inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ip3r) is a key regulator of intracellular ca(2+) concentration that release ca(2+) from ca(2+) stores in response to various external stimuli. ip3r also works as a signal hub which form a platform for interacting with various proteins involved in diverse cell signaling. previously, we have identified an ip3r homolog in the parasitic protist, trypanosoma cruzi (tcip3r). parasites expressing reduced or increased levels of tcip3r displayed defects in growth, t ... | 2015 | 26367178 |
| host switching vs. host sharing in overlapping sylvatic trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycles. | the principle of competitive exclusion is well established for multiple populations competing for the same resource, and simple models for multistrain infection exhibit it as well when cross-immunity precludes coinfections. however, multiple hosts provide niches for different pathogens to occupy simultaneously. this is the case for the vector-borne parasite trypanosoma cruzi in overlapping sylvatic transmission cycles in the americas, where it is enzootic. this study uses cycles in the usa invol ... | 2015 | 26364539 |
| host-parasite interactions in chagas disease: genetically unidentical isolates of a single trypanosoma cruzi strain identified in vitro via lssp-pcr. | the present study aims at establishing whether the diversity in pathogenesis within a genetically diverse host population infected with a single polyclonal strain of trypanosoma cruzi is due to selection of specific subpopulations within the strain. for this purpose we infected swiss mice, a genetically diverse population, with the polyclonal strain of trypanosoma cruzi berenice-78 and characterized via lssp-pcr the kinetoplast dna of subpopulations isolated from blood samples collected from the ... | 2015 | 26359864 |
| trypanosoma-cruzi cross-reactive antibodies longitudinal follow-up: a prospective observational study in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | antibodies named tccra "trypanosoma cruzi cross reactive antibodies" were detected in 47% of blood donors from french population unexposed to the parasite. in order to evaluate the passive or active transmissibility of tccra and further characterize its role and etiology, we have conducted a study in a cohort of 47 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (allo-hsct). donors and recipients were tested for tccra prior to transplantation. recipients were further t ... | 2015 | 26351849 |
| enalapril in combination with benznidazole reduces cardiac inflammation and creatine kinases in mice chronically infected with trypanosoma cruzi. | the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi triggers an inflammatory process in mammalian heart causing events such as fibrosis, changes in the architecture and functionality in this organ. enalapril, an angiotensin ii-converting enzyme inhibitor, is a drug prescribed to ameliorate this heart dysfunction, and appears to exert a potential role in immune system regulation. our aim was to evaluate the chronic cardiac inflammatory parameters after therapeutic treatment with enalapril and benznidazole in c57bl/6 ... | 2015 | 26350447 |
| differential expression of micrornas in thymic epithelial cells from trypanosoma cruzi acutely infected mice: putative role in thymic atrophy. | a common feature seen in acute infections is a severe atrophy of the thymus. this occurs in the murine model of acute chagas disease. moreover, in thymuses from trypanosoma cruzi acutely infected mice, thymocytes exhibit an increase in the density of fibronectin and laminin integrin-type receptors, with an increase in migratory response ex vivo. thymic epithelial cells (tec) play a major role in the intrathymic t cell differentiation. to date, the consequences of molecular changes promoted by pa ... | 2015 | 26347748 |
| modulation of intrathymic sphingosine-1-phosphate levels promotes escape of immature thymocytes to the periphery with a potential proinflammatory role in chagas disease. | the sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p) system regulates both thymic and lymph nodes t cell egress which is essential for producing and maintaining the recycling t cell repertoire. infection with the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi induces a hormonal systemic deregulation that has impact in the thymic s1p homeostasis that ultimately promotes the premature exit of immature cd4(-)cd8(-) t cells expressing tcr and proinflamatory cytokines to peripheral lymphoid organs, where they may interfere with ... | 2015 | 26347020 |
| functional studies of tcrjl, a novel gtpase of trypanosoma cruzi, reveals phenotypes related with mapk activation during parasite differentiation and after heterologous expression in drosophila model system. | the life cycle of the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi comprises rounds of proliferative cycles and differentiation in distinct host environments. ras gtpases are molecular switches that play pivotal regulatory functions in cell fate. rjl is a novel gtpase with unknown function. herein we show that tcrjl blocks in vivo cell differentiation. the forced expression of tcrjl leads to changes in the overall tyrosine protein phosphorylation profile of parasites. tcrjl expressing parasites sustaine ... | 2015 | 26408905 |
| in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic activity of physalis angulata l. concentrated ethanolic extract against trypanosoma cruzi. | the current treatment of chagas disease, endemic in latin america and emerging in several countries, is limited by the frequent side effects and variable efficacy of benznidazole. natural products are an important source for the search for new drugs. | 2015 | 26407938 |
| biomarkers and mortality in severe chagas cardiomyopathy. | chagas cardiomyopathy is a chronic sequela of infection by the parasite, trypanosoma cruzi. advanced cardiomyopathy is associated with a high mortality rate, and clinical characteristics have been used to predict mortality risk. though multiple biomarkers have been associated with chagas cardiomyopathy, it is unknown how these are related to survival. | 2015 | 26407513 |
| electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in chagas disease: findings in residents of rural bolivian communities hyperendemic for chagas disease. | chagas disease is a neglected and preventable tropical disease that causes significant cardiac morbidity and mortality in latin america. | 2015 | 26407511 |
| prevalence of chagas heart disease in a region endemic for trypanosoma cruzi: evidence from a central bolivian community. | though the incidence of new trypanosoma cruzi infections has decreased significantly in endemic regions in the americas, medical professionals continue to encounter a high burden of resulting chagas disease among infected adults. the current prevalence of chagas heart disease in a community setting is not known; nor is it known how recent insecticide vector control measures may have impacted the progression of cardiac disease in an infected population. | 2015 | 26407509 |
| the burden of chagas disease: estimates and challenges. | chagas disease, caused by infection with the protozoa trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted most often by triatominae insect vectors, but also through blood transfusion, organ transplant, and congenital transmission. between 5 and 18 million people are currently infected and the infection is estimated to cause more than 10,000 deaths annually. the disease has 3 phases: acute, indeterminate, and chronic. the acute phase immediately follows infection. it is typically asymptomatic but produces fever and ... | 2015 | 26407508 |
| perinatal screening for chagas disease in southern texas. | perinatal screening for trypanosoma cruzi in a cohort of 4000 predominantly hispanic women in southern texas revealed that chagas disease occurs with sufficient frequency (0.25%) that targeted perinatal screening should be considered to identify infected mothers and infants at risk for congenital infection. | 2015 | 26407360 |
| trypanosoma cruzi binds to cytokeratin through conserved peptide motifs found in the laminin-g-like domain of the gp85/trans-sialidase proteins. | chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi, is a disease that affects millions of people most of them living in south and central americas. there are few treatment options for individuals with chagas' disease making it important to understand the molecular details of parasite infection, so novel therapeutic alternatives may be developed for these patients. here, we investigate the interaction between host cell intermediate filament proteins and the t. cruzi gp85 glycopro ... | 2015 | 26398185 |
| effects of ultrasonic disintegrates from epimastigote biomass of trypanosoma cruzi albarrada strain (mexico) on the development of l5178y solid malignant transplanted tumors in male balb/c mice. | we studied in vivo antitumor effect of epimastigote form detritus of trypanosoma cruzi, mexican albarrada strain, on l5178y malignant tumor in balb/c mice. the antitumor effect of ultrasonic detritus of the parasite was confirmed by shrinkage of the tumor and changed size of its symplastic necroses. | 2015 | 26395624 |
| development of a fluorescence-based trypanosoma cruzi cyp51 inhibition assay for effective compound triaging in drug discovery programmes for chagas disease. | chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi (t. cruzi), is a life threatening global health problem with only two drugs available for treatment (benznidazole and nifurtimox), both having variable efficacy in the chronic stage of the disease and high rates of adverse drug reactions. inhibitors of sterol 14α-demethylase (cyp51) have proven effective against t. cruzi in vitro and in vivo in animal models of chagas disease. consequently two azole inhibitors of cyp51 (posaconaz ... | 2015 | 26394211 |
| geospatial risk factors of canine american trypanosomiasis (chagas disease) (42 cases: 2000-2012). | american trypanosomiasis or chagas disease caused by trypanosoma cruzi affects many mammals, including humans and dogs, in all latin american countries outside the caribbean and increasingly also in the southern united states. dogs are considered as reliable sentinels and have been identified as an important risk factor for the disease in humans in endemic countries. factors that determine american trypanosomiasis in dogs may therefore have public health relevance. associations of different envi ... | 2015 | 26393300 |
| inhibitory receptor expression on cd8+ t cells is linked to functional responses against trypanosoma cruzi antigens in chronic chagasic patients. | in mammals, chronic diseases resulting from infectious agents have been associated with functional t cell response deficiency, a high frequency of terminally differentiated t cells, the presence of monofunctional ag-specific t cells, and increased expression of inhibitory receptors. similar to other chronic diseases, the progressive loss of certain functional activities during trypanosoma cruzi infection might result in the inability to control replication of this parasite. to examine this hypot ... | 2015 | 26385520 |
| galectin-1 prevents infection and damage induced by trypanosoma cruzi on cardiac cells. | chronic chagas cardiomyopathy caused by trypanosoma cruzi is the result of a pathologic process starting during the acute phase of parasite infection. among different factors, the specific recognition of glycan structures by glycan-binding proteins from the parasite or from the mammalian host cells may play a critical role in the evolution of the infection. | 2015 | 26451839 |
| biochemical characterization and substrate specificity of autophagin-2 from the parasite trypanosoma cruzi. | the genome of the parasite trypanosoma cruzi encodes two copies of autophagy-related cysteine proteases, atg4.1 and atg4.2. t. cruzi autophagin-2 (tcatg4.2) carries the majority of proteolytic activity and is responsible for processing atg8 proteins near the carboxyl terminus, exposing a conserved glycine. this enables progression of autophagy and differentiation of the parasite, which is required for successful colonization of humans. the mechanism of substrate hydrolysis by atg4 was found to b ... | 2015 | 26446788 |
| effect of mild aerobic training on the myocardium of mice with chronic chagas disease. | chronic chagasic heart disease represents extensive remodeling of the cardiovascular system, manifested as cardiac denervation, interstitial mononuclear infiltrate, myocyte and vascular degenerative changes, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. moreover, aerobic exercises are widely indicated for the treatment of various disorders of the cardiovascular system. | 2015 | 26445527 |
| comprehensive survey of domiciliary triatomine species capable of transmitting chagas disease in southern ecuador. | chagas disease is endemic to the southern andean region of ecuador, an area with one of the highest poverty rates in the country. however, few studies have looked into the epidemiology, vectors and transmission risks in this region. in this study we describe the triatomine household infestation in loja province, determine the rate of trypanosoma cruzi infection in triatomines and study the risk factors associated with infestation. | 2015 | 26441260 |
| biological parameters of interbreeding subspecies of meccus phyllosomus (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae) in western mexico. | understanding the biological parameters of some triatomine subspecies of meccus phyllosomus (burmeister) is a crucial first step in estimating the epidemiological importance of this group. biological parameters related to egg eclosion, egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals to moult, percentage of females at the end of the cycle, number of laid eggs, and the accumulative mortality for each instar of three m. phyllosomus subspecies [meccus phyllosomus pallidipennis (stål), meccus ph ... | 2015 | 26440301 |
| immunity and immune modulation in trypanosoma cruzi infection. | chagas disease is caused by the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi. the parasite reaches the secondary lymphoid organs, the heart, skeletal muscles, neurons in the intestine and esophagus among other tissues. the disease is characterized by mega syndromes, which may affect the esophagus, the colon and the heart, in about 30% of infected people. the clinical manifestations associated with t. cruzi infection during the chronic phase of the disease are dependent on complex interactions between the parasit ... | 2015 | 26438729 |
| course of chronic trypanosoma cruzi infection after treatment based on parasitological and serological tests: a systematic review of follow-up studies. | chagas disease is caused by the flagellate protozoan trypanosoma cruzi (t. cruzi). it is endemic in latin american countries outside the caribbean. the current criterion for cure in the chronic phase of the disease is the negativization of at least two serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect immunofluorescence assay (iif) and indirect hemagglutination assay (iha). the serological evolution of treated subjects with chronic t. cruzi infection is variable. trea ... | 2015 | 26436678 |
| click chemistry oligomerisation of azido-alkyne-functionalised galactose accesses triazole-linked linear oligomers and macrocycles that inhibit trypanosoma cruzi macrophage invasion. | reaction of 2-(2-(2-azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 6-o-(prop-2-ynyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (7) under cuaac conditions gives rise to mixed cyclic and linear triazole-linked oligomers, with individual compounds up to d.p. 5 isolable, along with mixed larger oligomers. the linear compounds resolve en bloc from the cyclic materials by rp hplc, but are separable by gel permeation chromatography. the triazole-linked oligomers-pseudo-galactooligomers-were demonstrated to be acceptor substrates for the multi- ... | 2015 | 26435551 |
| first documented transmission of trypanosoma cruzi infection through blood transfusion in a child with sickle-cell disease in belgium. | 2015 | 26469272 | |
| investigation of the role of il17a gene variants in chagas disease. | human host genetic factors have been suggested to be determinants of the prevalence and clinical forms of chagas disease. in this regard, il-17a is believed to control parasitemia and protect against heart disease. in this work, we assessed whether il17a gene polymorphisms are related to infection and/or development of the cardiac form of chagas disease by genotyping for five il17a snps (rs4711998, rs8193036, rs3819024, rs2275913 and rs7747909) in 1171 individuals from a colombian region endemic ... | 2015 | 26468780 |
| bats, trypanosomes, and triatomines in ecuador: new insights into the diversity, transmission, and origins of trypanosoma cruzi and chagas disease. | the generalist parasite trypanosoma cruzi has two phylogenetic lineages associated almost exclusively with bats-trypanosoma cruzi tcbat and the subspecies t. c. marinkellei. we present new information on the genetic variation, geographic distribution, host associations, and potential vectors of these lineages. we conducted field surveys of bats and triatomines in southern ecuador, a country endemic for chagas disease, and screened for trypanosomes by microscopy and pcr. we identified parasites a ... | 2015 | 26465748 |
| trypanosomes of australian mammals: knowledge gaps regarding transmission and biosecurity. | trypanosomes infect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, and are transmitted by haematophagous invertebrate vectors. eight native trypanosome species have been described from australian indigenous mammals, along with other unnamed isolates and genotypes. associated difficulties relating to the confirmation of cyclical and mechanical vector candidates has hindered vector identification in australia, with no successful experimental transmission documented for any of these native trypanosomes to ... | 2015 | 26463826 |
| text message interventions for follow up of infants born to mothers positive for chagas disease in tucumán, argentina: a feasibility study. | diagnosis of congenital chagas disease occurs at 9 months of age, making effective treatment challenging due to loss to follow-up. mobile health (mhealth) has been utilized to improve communication and treatment adherence in many chronic diseases, although no studies of mhealth in trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals have been conducted. text message interventions, a subset of mhealth, has shown to improve appointment attendance and is relatively simple to set up, thus making it an ideal mecha ... | 2015 | 26419230 |
| different therapeutic outcomes of benznidazole and vni treatments in different genders in mouse experimental models of trypanosoma cruzi infection. | the lack of translation between preclinical assays and clinical trials for novel therapies for chagas disease (cd) indicates a need for more feasible and standardized protocols and experimental models. here, we investigated the effects of treatment with benznidazole (bz) and with the potent experimental t. cruzi cyp51 inhibitor vni in mouse models of chagas disease by using different animal genders and parasite strains and employing distinct types of therapeutic schemes. our findings confirm tha ... | 2015 | 26416857 |
| revealing annexin a2 and arf-6 enrollment during trypanosoma cruzi extracellular amastigote-host cell interaction. | invasion of host cells by trypanosoma cruzi extracellular amastigotes is host actin polymerization-dependent. however, the role of proteins related to actin dynamics during invasion by amastigotes remains to be investigated. here we describe the role of annexin a2 and arf-6 during extracellular amastigote-mammalian cell interactions. | 2015 | 26416603 |
| trypanosoma cruzi iii causing the indeterminate form of chagas disease in a semi-arid region of brazil. | trypanosoma cruzi is subdivided into six discrete typing units (dtus), tci-tcvi. the precise identification of each can contribute to tracking wild dtus that invade the domiciliary environment. | 2015 | 26327123 |
| trypanosoma cruzi infection imparts a regulatory program in dendritic cells and t cells via galectin-1-dependent mechanisms. | galectin-1 (gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, is widely distributed at sites of inflammation and microbial invasion. despite considerable progress regarding the immunoregulatory activity of this lectin, the role of endogenous gal-1 during acute parasite infections is uncertain. in this study, we show that gal-1 functions as a negative regulator to limit host-protective immunity following intradermal infection with trypanosoma cruzi. concomitant with the upregulation of immune inhibit ... | 2015 | 26324777 |
| randomized trial of benznidazole for chronic chagas' cardiomyopathy. | the role of trypanocidal therapy in patients with established chagas' cardiomyopathy is unproven. | 2015 | 26323937 |
| molecular characterization of trypanosoma cruzi tc8.2 gene indicates two differential locations for the encoded protein in epimastigote and trypomastigote forms. | this report describes the molecular characterization of the tc8.2 gene of trypanosoma cruzi. both the tc8.2 gene and its encoded protein were analyzed by bioinformatics, while northern blot and rt-pcr were used for the transcripts. besides, immunolocalization of recombinant protein was done by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. analysis indicated the presence of a single copy of tc8.2 in the t. cruzi genome and 2-different sized transcripts in epimastigotes/amastigotes and trypomastigot ... | 2015 | 26323848 |
| analytical validation of quantitative real-time pcr methods for quantification of trypanosoma cruzi dna in blood samples from chagas disease patients. | an international study was performed by 26 experienced pcr laboratories from 14 countries to assess the performance of duplex quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) strategies on the basis of taqman probes for detection and quantification of parasitic loads in peripheral blood samples from chagas disease patients. two methods were studied: satellite dna (satdna) qpcr and kinetoplastid dna (kdna) qpcr. both methods included an internal amplification control. reportable range, analytical sensitivity, l ... | 2015 | 26320872 |
| translational challenges of animal models in chagas disease drug development: a review. | chagas disease, or american trypanosomiasis, caused by trypanosoma cruzi parasite infection is endemic in latin america and presents an increasing clinical challenge due to migrating populations. despite being first identified over a century ago, only two drugs are available for its treatment, and recent outcomes from the first clinical trials in 40 years were lackluster. there is a critical need to develop new drugs to treat chagas disease. this requires a better understanding of the progressio ... | 2015 | 26316715 |
| protein 2de reference map of the anterior midgut of the blood-sucking bug rhodnius prolixus. | rhodnius prolixus is an important vector of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, an illness that affects 20% of latin america population. the obligatory course of the parasite in the vector digestive tract has made it an important target for investigation in order to control the parasite transmission and thus interrupt its biological cycle in the insect vector. therefore, an insight into the vector midgut physiology is valuable for insect control as well as to provide poten ... | 2015 | 26314381 |
| cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin e2 signaling through prostaglandin receptor ep-2 favor the development of myocarditis during acute trypanosoma cruzi infection. | inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of chagas disease, caused by trypanosoma cruzi. prostanoids are regulators of homeostasis and inflammation and are produced mainly by myeloid cells, being cyclooxygenases, cox-1 and cox-2, the key enzymes in their biosynthesis from arachidonic acid (aa). here, we have investigated the expression of enzymes involved in aa metabolism during t. cruzi infection. our results show an increase in the expression of several of these enzymes in a ... | 2015 | 26305786 |
| chagas disease reactivation in a heart transplant patient infected by domestic trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing unit i (tcidom). | trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of chagas disease, displays high intraspecific genetic diversity: six genetic lineages or discrete typing units (dtus) are currently recognized, termed tci through tcvi. each dtu presents a particular distribution pattern across the americas, and is loosely associated with different transmission cycles and hosts. several dtus are known to circulate in central america. it has been previously suggested that tci infection is benign and does not lead to chronic cha ... | 2015 | 26303927 |
| performance of a real time pcr for leishmaniasis diagnosis using a l. (l.) infantum hypothetical protein as target in canine samples. | visceral leishmaniasis represents an important public health issue in different parts of the world, requiring that measures be put in place to control the spread of the disease worldwide. the canine leishmaniasis diagnosis is not easy based on clinical signs, since dogs may not develop the infection with recognizable signs. thus, the laboratorial diagnosis is essential to ascertain the incidence and prevalence of canine leishmaniasis especially in areas with major control efforts. although, the ... | 2015 | 26297683 |
| congenital chagas disease as an ecological model of interactions between trypanosoma cruzi parasites, pregnant women, placenta and fetuses. | the aim of this paper is to discuss the main ecological interactions between the parasite trypanosoma cruzi and its hosts, the mother and the fetus, leading to the transmission and development of congenital chagas disease. one or several infecting strains of t. cruzi (with specific features) interact with: (i) the immune system of a pregnant woman whom responses depend on genetic and environmental factors, (ii) the placenta harboring its own defenses, and, finally, (iii) the fetal immune system ... | 2015 | 26293886 |
| spatial distribution of an infectious disease in a small mammal community. | chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insect vectors to several mammals, but little is known about its spatial epidemiology. we assessed the spatial distribution of t. cruzi infection in vectors and small mammals to test if mammal infection status is related to the proximity to vector colonies. during four consecutive years we captured and georeferenced the locations of mammal species and colonies of mepraia spinolai, a restricted-movement vecto ... | 2015 | 26289933 |
| imidazoles from nitroallylic acetates and α-bromonitroalkenes with amidines: synthesis and trypanocidal activity studies. | cascade reactions of amidines with nitroallylic acetates and α-bromonitroalkenes provide potentially bioactive imidazoles in good to excellent yields in most cases. while 2,4-disubstituted imidazol-5-yl acetates are formed in the first case, 2,4-disubstituted imidazoles, bearing no substituent at position 5, are the products in the second case. these two series of imidazoles, viz. 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 2,4-disubstituted, were screened for their activity against the protozoan parasite trypanos ... | 2015 | 26288376 |
| seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi infection in schoolchildren and in pregnant women from an amazonian region in orellana province, ecuador. | chagas disease is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi and about 230,000 persons are estimated to be infected in ecuador. however, limited studies have been performed in the amazon region, on the eastern side of the country. we evaluated here the seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi infection in 12 rural villages of the loreto canton, orellana province in schoolchildren aged 5-15 years and in pregnant women. a total of 1,649 blood samples were tested for trypanos ... | 2015 | 26283751 |
| inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers are differentially expressed in clinical stages of chagas disease. | chagas disease has a long clinically silent period following trypanosoma cruzi infection and before development of overt clinical pathology; detectable biomarkers of infection and pathogenesis are urgently needed. we tested 22 biomarkers known to be associated with cardiomyopathy to evaluate if a biomarker signature could successfully classify t. cruzi seropositive subjects into clinical chagas disease stage groups. | 2015 | 26277551 |
| 3-h-[1,2]dithiole as a new anti-trypanosoma cruzi chemotype: biological and mechanism of action studies. | the current pharmacological chagas disease treatments, using nifurtimox or benznidazole, show limited therapeutic results and are associated with potential side effects, like mutagenicity. using random screening we have identified new chemotypes that were able to inhibit relevant targets of the trypanosoma cruzi. we found 3h-[1,2]dithioles with the ability to inhibit trypanosoma cruzi triosephosphate isomerase (tctim). herein, we studied the structural modifications of this chemotype to analyze ... | 2015 | 26274947 |
| a flow cytometer-based method to simultaneously assess activity and selectivity of compounds against the intracellular forms of trypanosoma cruzi. | chagas disease is a major unsolved health issue in latin america and an emerging threat worldwide. new drugs are urgently needed for chemotherapy as those available (benznidazole and nifurtimox) have variable efficacy and elevated toxicity. efforts are actually oriented to improve tools and technologies (e.g. transgenic parasites, flow cytometry or image-based systems) for the screening of large numbers of candidate compounds for their activity against trypanosoma cruzi (t. cruzi). methods that ... | 2015 | 26272680 |
| a novel method for inducing amastigote-to-trypomastigote transformation in vitro in trypanosoma cruzi reveals the importance of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. | trypanosoma cruzi is a parasitic protist that causes chagas disease, which is prevalent in latin america. because of the unavailability of an effective drug or vaccine, and because about 8 million people are infected with the parasite worldwide, the development of novel drugs demands urgent attention. t. cruzi infects a wide variety of mammalian nucleated cells, with a preference for myocardial cells. non-dividing trypomastigotes in the bloodstream infect host cells where they are transformed in ... | 2015 | 26267656 |
| evaluation of cytokine profile and hla association in benznidazole related cutaneous reactions in patients with chagas disease. | benznidazole is the drug of choice for chagas disease. the major drawback of this drug is the high adverse events rate, being cutaneous reactions the most frequent one, leading to definitive withdrawal of treatment in 15%-30% of patients. | 2015 | 26265500 |
| host cytoplasmic processing bodies assembled by trypanosoma cruzi during infection exert anti-parasitic activity. | processing bodies (pbs) are cytoplasmic granules containing mrnas and proteins involved in translation and degradation of mrnas. pbs are constitutively present in cells and are induced to accumulate when external stressors including microbial infection are applied to cells, followed by a rapid translational arrest. we have examined the impact of trypanosoma cruzi (t. cruzi, tc) infection on host cytoplasmic pb assembly. within 24h post-infection, we found the average number of pb foci per cell i ... | 2015 | 26232634 |
| old and new challenges in chagas disease. | chagas disease, caused by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected disease, which can lead to cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, megaviscera, and more rarely, polyneuropathy in up to 30-40% of patients around 20 to 30 years after acute infection. although it is endemic in the americas, global population movements mean that it can be located wherever migrants from endemic areas settle. the disease was first described 100 years ago and still challenges clinicians worldwide, since diagnostic, thera ... | 2015 | 26231478 |
| synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of a new series of antiparasitic aryloxyl thiosemicarbazones inhibiting trypanosoma cruzi cruzain. | the discovery of new antiparasitic compounds against trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas disease, is necessary. novel aryloxy/aryl thiosemicarbazone-based conformationally constrained analogs of thiosemicarbazones (1) and (2) were developed as potential inhibitors of the t. cruzi protease cruzain, using a rigidification strategy of the iminic bond of (1) and (2). a structure-activity relationship analysis was performed in substituents attached in both aryl and aryloxy rings. this ... | 2015 | 26231082 |
| the trans-sialidase, the major trypanosoma cruzi virulence factor: three decades of studies. | chagas' disease is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi. since the description of chagas'disease in 1909 extensive research has identified important events in the disease in order to understand the biochemical mechanism that modulates t. cruzi-host cell interactions and the ability of the parasite to ensure its survival in the infected host. exactly 30 years ago, we presented evidence for the first time of a trans-sialidase activity in t. cruz ... | 2015 | 26224786 |
| urban chagas disease in children and women in primary care centres in buenos aires, argentina. | the primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of this disease in women of childbearing age and children treated at health centres in underserviced areas of the city of buenos aires. demographic and chagas disease status data were collected. samples for chagas disease serology were obtained on filter paper and the reactive results were confirmed with conventional samples. a total of 1,786 subjects were screened and 73 positive screening results were obtained: 17 were from chi ... | 2015 | 26222020 |
| landscape ecology of trypanosoma cruzi in the southern yucatan peninsula. | landscape interactions of trypanosoma cruzi (tc) with triatoma dimidiata (td) depend on the presence and relative abundance of mammal hosts. this study analyzed a landscape adjacent to the calakmul biosphere reserve, composed of conserved areas, crop and farming areas, and the human community of zoh laguna with reported chagas disease cases. sylvatic mammals of the chiroptera, rodentia, and marsupialia orders were captured, and livestock and pets were sampled along with t. dimidiata in all habit ... | 2015 | 26219998 |
| synthesis, leishmanicidal, trypanocidal and cytotoxic activity of quinoline-hydrazone hybrids. | cutaneous leishmaniasis and chagas disease are vector-borne parasitic disease causing serious risks to million people living in poverty-stricken areas. both diseases are a major health problem in latin america, and currently drugs for the effective treatment of these diseases have important concerns related with efficacy or toxicity than need to be addressed. we report herein the synthesis and biological activities (cytotoxicity, leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities) of ten quinolone-hydra ... | 2015 | 26218652 |
| agent-based mathematical modeling as a tool for estimating trypanosoma cruzi vector-host contact rates. | the parasite trypanosoma cruzi, spread by triatomine vectors, affects over 100 mammalian species throughout the americas, including humans, in whom it causes chagas' disease. in the u.s., only a few autochthonous cases have been documented in humans, but prevalence is high in sylvatic hosts (primarily raccoons in the southeast and woodrats in texas). the sylvatic transmission of t. cruzi is spread by the vector species triatoma sanguisuga and triatoma gerstaeckeri biting their preferred hosts an ... | 2015 | 26215127 |
| the chagas disease domestic transmission cycle in guatemala: parasite-vector switches and lack of mitochondrial co-diversification between triatoma dimidiata and trypanosoma cruzi subpopulations suggest non-vectorial parasite dispersal across the motagua valley. | parasites transmitted by insects must adapt to their vectors and reservoirs. chagas disease, an american zoonosis caused by trypanosoma cruzi, is transmitted by several species of triatomines. in central america, triatoma dimidiata is a widely dispersed vector found in sylvatic and domestic habitats, with distinct populations across the endemic region of guatemala. our aim was to test the strength of association between vector and parasite genetic divergence in domestic environments. microsatell ... | 2015 | 26215126 |
| qsar study and conformational analysis of 4-arylthiazolylhydrazones derived from 1-indanones with anti-trypanosoma cruzi activity. | a set of 4-arylthiazolylhydrazones derived from 1-indanones (tzhs) previously synthesized and assayed against trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease, were explored in terms of conformational analysis. we found that tzhs can adopt four minimum energy conformations: cis (a, b and c) and trans. the possible bioactive conformation was selected by a 3d-qsar model. different molecular parameters were calculated to produce qsar second-generation models. these qsar results are discusse ... | 2015 | 26209879 |
| an entomological and seroepidemiological study of the vectorial-transmission risk of chagas disease in the coast of northern chile. | four species of triatomines are known from chile: triatoma infestans klug, mepraia spinolai porter, m. gajardoi frías, henry & gonzález, and m. parapatrica frías (hemiptera: reduviidae), the last three are endemic. the geographical distribution of m. gajardoi includes the coastal areas in the north of chile between 18° and 21°s, an area with both a resident workforce and summer-season visitors. a study was developed to assess the risk of vectorial transmission of chagas disease by m. gajardoi in ... | 2015 | 26208149 |
| prevalence and impact of chagas disease among latin american immigrants with nonischemic cardiomyopathy in los angeles, california. | chagas disease is a well-known cause of cardiomyopathy in latin america; however, 300 000 individuals are estimated to have chagas disease in the united states. this study examined the prevalence and impact of chagas cardiomyopathy (ccm) in a us population. we hypothesized that patients with ccm would have increased morbidity and mortality when compared with patients with non-ccm. | 2015 | 26206855 |
| social representations and practices towards triatomines and chagas disease in calakmul, méxico. | vector-borne transmission of trypanosoma cruzi (vbttc) is dependent on the concomitant interaction between biological and environmental hazard over the entire landscape, and human vulnerability. representations and practices of health-disease-care-seeking and territorial appropriation and use were analyzed for vbttc in a qualitative ethnographic study in the zoh-laguna landscape, campeche, mexico. in-depth interviews and participatory observation explored representations and practices regarding ... | 2015 | 26204555 |
| trypanosoma cruzi dtu tcii presents higher blood parasitism than dtu tci in an experimental model of mixed infection. | trypanosoma cruzi (tc), the causative agent of chagas disease, affects millions of people worldwide. one of the major characteristics of t. cruzi is related to its heterogeneity due to the variability of its biological properties, parasite growth rates, infectivity, tissue tropism, morbidity and virulence among different isolates observed during experimental or human infection. moreover, presence of mixed infections in the same host in endemic areas is a matter of study due to its impact on clin ... | 2015 | 26204180 |
| detection of high percentage of trypanosoma cruzi infection, the etiologic agent of chagas disease, in wild populations of colombian caribbean triatomines. | in colombia it is estimated that about 900,000 persons are infected with t. cruzi. there are 25 triatomine species and 5 of them have been reported infected with t. cruzi in the colombian caribbean region. in order to obtain more information about the triatomine populations in this region, 89 wild triatomines were collected from four colombian departments. the most frequent specie collected was rhodnius pallescens (65%), followed by rhodnius prolixus (20%), panstrongylus geniculatus (10.1%) and ... | 2015 | 26204001 |
| the use of posaconazole against chagas disease. | the current therapeutic scenario against chagas disease has been recently updated with the use of the triazoles in clinical trials and several experimental assays (in-vitro and in-vivo models) which are bringing novel and promising evidence for the treatment of chagas diseases, mainly in its chronic phase. we pretend to analyze all the evidence extracted from the in-vitro and in-vivo assays, and try to understand the poor outcome of posaconazole (pos) in the clinical experience. | 2015 | 26203852 |
| chicken coops, triatoma dimidiata infestation and its infection with trypanosoma cruzi in a rural village of yucatan, mexico. | this study longitudinally investigated the association between triatoma dimidiata infestation, triatomine infection with trypanosoma cruzi and household/backyard environmental characteristics in 101 homesteads in molas and yucatan, mexico, between november 2009 (rainy season) and may 2010 (dry season). logistic regression models tested the associations between insect infestation/infection and potential household-level risk factors. a total of 200 t. dimidiata were collected from 35.6% of the hom ... | 2015 | 26200970 |
| autoimmune pathogenesis of chagas heart disease: looking back, looking ahead. | chagas heart disease is an inflammatory cardiomyopathy that develops in approximately one-third of individuals infected with the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi. since the discovery of t. cruzi by carlos chagas >100 years ago, much has been learned about chagas disease pathogenesis; however, the outcome of t. cruzi infection is highly variable and difficult to predict. many mechanisms have been proposed to promote tissue inflammation, but the determinants and the relative importance of each ... | 2015 | 25857229 |
| down regulation of no signaling in trypanosoma cruzi upon parasite-extracellular matrix interaction: changes in protein modification by nitrosylation and nitration. | adhesion of the trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes, the causative agent of chagas' disease in humans, to components of the extracellular matrix (ecm) is an important step in host cell invasion. the signaling events triggered in the parasite upon binding to ecm are less explored and, to our knowledge, there is no data available regarding •no signaling. | 2015 | 25856423 |
| immune protection against trypanosoma cruzi induced by tcvac4 in a canine model. | chagas disease, caused by trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in southern parts of the american continent. herein, we have tested the protective efficacy of a dna-prime/t. rangeli-boost (tcvac4) vaccine in a dog (canis familiaris) model. dogs were immunized with two-doses of dna vaccine (pcdna3.1 encoding tcg1, tcg2, and tcg4 antigens plus il-12- and gm-csf-encoding plasmids) followed by two doses of glutaraldehyde-inactivated t. rangeli epimastigotes (trie); and challenged with highly pathogenic t. c ... | 2015 | 25853654 |
| the uptake of gaba in trypanosoma cruzi. | gamma aminobutyric acid (gaba) is widely known as a neurotransmitter and signal transduction molecule found in vertebrates, plants, and some protozoan organisms. however, the presence of gaba and its role in trypanosomatids is unknown. here, we report the presence of intracellular gaba and the biochemical characterization of its uptake in trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas' disease. kinetic parameters indicated that gaba is taken up by a single transport system in pathogenic and ... | 2015 | 25851259 |
| deep sequencing of the trypanosoma cruzi gp63 surface proteases reveals diversity and diversifying selection among chronic and congenital chagas disease patients. | chagas disease results from infection with the diploid protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi. t. cruzi is highly genetically diverse, and multiclonal infections in individual hosts are common, but little studied. in this study, we explore t. cruzi infection multiclonality in the context of age, sex and clinical profile among a cohort of chronic patients, as well as paired congenital cases from cochabamba, bolivia and goias, brazil using amplicon deep sequencing technology. | 2015 | 25849488 |
| diagnosis of congenital trypanosoma cruzi infection: a serologic test using shed acute phase antigen (sapa) in mother-child binomial samples. | chagas congenital infection is an important health problem in endemic and non-endemic areas in which trypanosoma cruzi-infected women can transmit the parasite to their offspring. in this study, we evaluated the antibody levels against the t. cruzi shed acute phase antigen (sapa) in 91 binomial samples of seropositive pregnant women and their infected and non-infected children by elisa. in 70 children without congenital t. cruzi transmission, the titers of anti-sapa antibodies were lower than th ... | 2015 | 25847262 |
| ecological host fitting of trypanosoma cruzi tci in bolivia: mosaic population structure, hybridization and a role for humans in andean parasite dispersal. | an improved understanding of how a parasite species exploits its genetic repertoire to colonize novel hosts and environmental niches is crucial to establish the epidemiological risk associated with emergent pathogenic genotypes. trypanosoma cruzi, a genetically heterogeneous, multi-host zoonosis, provides an ideal system to examine the sylvatic diversification of parasitic protozoa. in bolivia, t. cruzi i, the oldest and most widespread genetic lineage, is pervasive across a range of ecological ... | 2015 | 25847086 |
| enantiomers of nifurtimox do not exhibit stereoselective anti-trypanosoma cruzi activity, toxicity, or pharmacokinetic properties. | with the aim of improving the available drugs for the treatment of chagas disease, individual enantiomers of nifurtimox were characterized. the results indicate that the enantiomers are equivalent in their in vitro activity against a panel of trypanosoma cruzi strains; in vivo efficacy in a murine model of chagas disease; in vitro toxicity and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics; and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. there is unlikely to be any therapeutic benef ... | 2015 | 25845874 |
| mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle during experimental chagas disease. | trypanosoma cruzi invasion and replication in cardiomyocytes and other tissues induce cellular injuries and cytotoxic reactions, with the production of inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, both sources of reactive oxygen species. the myocyte response to oxidative stress involves the progression of cellular changes primarily targeting mitochondria. similar alterations could be taking place in mitochondria from the skeletal muscle; if that is the case, a simple skeletal muscle biopsy would giv ... | 2015 | 25835781 |
| new scenarios of trypanosoma cruzi transmission in the orinoco region of colombia. | rhodnius prolixus, a blood-sucking triatomine with domiciliary anthropophilic habits, is the main vector of chagas disease. the current paradigm of trypanosoma cruzi transmission in columbia includes a sylvatic and domiciliary cycle co-existing with domestic and sylvatic populations of reservoirs. the aim of this study is to evaluate the population densities and relative abundance of triatomines and mammals that may be involved in the sylvatic cycle of chagas disease to clarify the epidemiologic ... | 2015 | 25830543 |
| molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies of trypanosoma cruzi triosephosphate isomerase inhibitors. insights into the inhibition mechanism and selectivity. | trypanosoma cruzi (t. cruzi) triosephosphate isomerase (tctim) is a glycolytic enzyme essential for parasite survival and has been considered an interesting target for the development of new antichagasic compounds. the homodimeric enzyme is catalytically active only as a dimer. interestingly, significant differences exist between the human and parasite tims interfaces with a sequence identity of 52%. therefore, compounds able to specifically disrupt tctim but not homo sapiens tim (htim) dimer in ... | 2015 | 25829097 |
| expanding the family of heteroleptic oxidovanadium(iv) compounds with salicylaldehyde semicarbazones and polypyridyl ligands showing anti-trypanosoma cruzi activity. | searching for prospective vanadium-based drugs for the treatment of chagas disease, a new series of heteroleptic [v(iv)o(l-2h)(nn)] compounds was developed by including the lipophilic 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmp) nn ligand and seven tridentate salicylaldehyde semicarbazone derivatives (l1-l7). the compounds were characterized in the solid state and in solution. epr spectroscopy suggests that the nn ligand is bidentate bound through both nitrogen donor atoms in an axial-equatoria ... | 2015 | 25824466 |
| oxidative stress damage in the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi is inhibited by cyclosporin a. | cyclosporin a (csa) specifically inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mptp). opening of the mptp, which is triggered by high levels of matrix [ca2+] and/or oxidative stress, leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and thus to cell death by either apoptosis or necrosis. in the present study, we analysed the response of trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote parasites to oxidative stress with 5 mm h2o2, by studying several features related to programmed cell death and the effects of pre-inc ... | 2015 | 25823521 |
| differential phenotypic and functional profiles of tcca-2 -specific cytotoxic cd8+ t cells in the asymptomatic versus cardiac phase in chagasic patients. | it has been reported that the immune response mediated by t cd8+ lymphocytes plays a critical role in the control of trypanosoma cruzi infection and that the clinical symptoms of chagas disease appear to be related to the competence of the cd8+ t immune response against the parasite. herewith, in silico prediction and binding assays on tap-deficient t2 cells were used to identify potential hla-a*02:01 ligands in the t. cruzi tcca-2 protein. the tcca-2-specific cd8+ t cells were functionality eva ... | 2015 | 25816096 |
| genetic variability of trypanosoma cruzi tci isolates from rural and urban areas of venezuela. | several studies have demonstrated genetic heterogeneity in populations of trypanosoma cruzi that allowed the identification of six different discrete typing units (dtu) classified as tci, tcii, tciii, tciv, tcv and tcvi. furthermore, some characterization studies have described genetic variability within tci isolates from endemic regions. the objective of the present study was to analyze venezuelan t. cruzi isolates, obtained from triatomine-vectors, mammal-hosts including infected humans, detec ... | 2015 | 25815863 |
| trypanosoma cruzi-infected pregnant women without vector exposure have higher parasitemia levels: implications for congenital transmission risk. | congenital transmission is a major source of new trypanosoma cruzi infections, and as vector and blood bank control continue to improve, the proportion due to congenital infection will grow. a major unanswered question is why reported transmission rates from t. cruzi-infected mothers vary so widely among study populations. women with high parasite loads during pregnancy are more likely to transmit to their infants, but the factors that govern maternal parasite load are largely unknown. better un ... | 2015 | 25807498 |
| factors associated with the occurrence of triatoma sordida (hemiptera: reduviidae) in rural localities of central-west brazil. | this study estimates the factors of artificial environments (houses and peridomestic areas) associated with triatoma sordida occurrence. manual searches for triatomines were performed in 136 domiciliary units (dus) in two rural localities of central-west brazil. for each du, 32 structural, 23 biotic and 28 management variables were obtained. multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in order to identify statistically significant variables associated with occurrence of t. sordida in the ... | 2015 | 25807470 |
| evolution of trypanosoma cruzi: clarifying hybridisations, mitochondrial introgressions and phylogenetic relationships between major lineages. | several different models of trypanosoma cruzi evolution have been proposed. these models suggest that scarce events of genetic exchange occurred during the evolutionary history of this parasite. in addition, the debate has focused on the existence of one or two hybridisation events during the evolution of t. cruzi lineages. here, we reviewed the literature and analysed available sequence data to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among these different lineages. we observed that tci, tciii an ... | 2015 | 25807469 |