Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the major surface glycoprotein expression sites of two special forms of rat pneumocystis carinii differ in structure. | pneumocystis carinii forma specialis carinii has a unique locus called the ucs, which controls surface antigen variation by acting as the expression site for a family of genes encoding isoforms of the major surface glycoprotein (msg). every msg mrna begins with 380 nucleotides copied from the ucs locus. this ucs leader sequence is necessary for initiation of translation and for protein processing. given the ucs's importance in p. carinii f. sp. carinii, it was of interest to examine the ucs locu ... | 2000 | 10823775 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with a rapid reduction of cortisol level in a patient with ectopic acth syndrome treated by octreotide and ketoconazole. | a case is herein reported of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a 60-year-old female patient with ectopic production of acth at a position 2 cm superior to her right clavicle, revealed in an octreotide scan. her extremely high plasma acth and cortisol levels (460 pg/ml and 80 microg/dl, respectively) were markedly decreased with the combined treatment of octreotide (300 microg/d) and ketoconazole (600 mg/d). as her serum cortisol concentration decreased, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred on ... | 2000 | 10826524 |
| genetic variation in pneumocystis carinii isolates from different geographic regions: implications for transmission. | to study transmission patterns of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in persons with aids, we evaluated p. carinii isolates from patients in five u.s. cities for variation at two independent genetic loci, the mitochondrial large subunit rrna and dihydropteroate synthase. fourteen unique multilocus genotypes were observed in 191 isolates that were examined at both loci. mixed infections, accounting for 17.8% of cases, were associated with primary pcp. genotype frequency distribution patterns va ... | 2000 | 10827116 |
| oral treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and zidovudine suppresses murine accessory cell-dependent immune responses. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), commonly used for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients, often produces a high incidence of treatment-limiting reactions. we investigated the effect of oral administration of tmp-smx alone or in combination with the antiretroviral drug zidovudine (zdv) on hematopoiesis and cellular immunity in balb/c mice. daily treatment for 28 days with tmp-smx (160:800 mg/kg) had no effect on hematopoiesis or the ex vivo proliferative res ... | 2000 | 10828265 |
| outcome of kidney transplant recipients with previous human herpesvirus-8 infection. | the consequences of a prior human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) infection in kidney-transplant recipients are still partially unknown. the aim of this monocentric study was to determine the prevalence of hhv-8-seropositive patients at the time of transplantation and to identify the main clinical events of these hhv-8+ recipients. | 2000 | 10830210 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as the first presentation of hiv infection in patients older than fifty. | a significant increase in the number of elderly patients first diagnosed with hiv infection at the time of presentation with an aids-related opportunistic infection has recently been reported. this suggests a significant delay in the diagnosis of hiv infection. few data are available describing such cases and their outcome. we restrospectively reviewed records of all elderly patients (> 50 years of age) admitted to a new york city hospital over a 3-year period with confirmed pneumocystis carinii ... | 2000 | 10833811 |
| [a patient with marked immunodeficiency in an htlv-i carrier: a case report]. | we report a 49-year-old man who was an htlv-i carrier with an immunodeficiency state and intracranial pyramidal tract lesion revealed by mri. he was born in hokkaido and was admitted to our hospital because of fluminant hepatitis. on admission, neurologic examination revealed exaggerated deep tendon reflexes including the jaw jerk; the plantar response was flexor. laboratory examination revealed decrease in the number of lymphocytes and cd4-positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and cd4/cd ... | 2000 | 10835933 |
| murine cd4+ t lymphocyte subsets and host defense against pneumocystis carinii. | the recruitment of specific subsets of cd4(+) t lymphocytes to the lungs in response to pneumocystis carinii was investigated. for mice inoculated with p. carinii, an elispot assay was used to calculate the numbers of lymph node and lung tissue cd4(+) cells that secreted interferon (ifn)-gamma (th1 cytokine) and interleukin (il)-4 (th2 cytokine) after concanavalin a stimulation. an elisa was used to assay culture supernatants for cytokine concentrations. precursor frequency of both ifn-gamma- an ... | 2000 | 10837183 |
| pneumocystis carinii uses a functional cdc13 b-type cyclin complex during its life cycle. | pneumocystis carinii causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. recent studies indicate that p. carinii uses a cdc2 cyclin-dependent kinase to control its proliferation. to further study the regulation of the life cycle of p. carinii, we characterized the p. carinii b-type cyclin termed cdc13, whose binding to cdc2 is necessary for kinase activity. antibodies to b-type cyclins (cdc13) specifically immunoprecipitated cdc2/ cdc13 complexes with associated kinase activity from p. carini ... | 2000 | 10837370 |
| nested pcr is useful to the clinician in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 2000 | 10841108 | |
| targeting a pneumocystis carinii group i intron with methylphosphonate oligonucleotides: backbone charge is not required for binding or reactivity. | pneumocystis carinii is a mammalian pathogen that contains a self-splicing group i intron in its large subunit rrna precursor. we report the binding of methylphosphonate/dna chimeras and neutral methylphosphonate oligonucleotides to a ribozyme that is a truncated form of the intron. at 15 mm mg(2+), the nuclease-resistant all-methylphosphonate hexamer, d(amtmgmamcm)ru, with a sequence that mimics the 3' end of the precursor's 5' exon, binds with a dissociation constant of 272 nm. the hexamer's d ... | 2000 | 10841781 |
| impact of haart on causes of death of persons with late-stage aids. | the increasing use of highly active antiretroviral therapies (haarts) has changed the course of aids-related illnesses and enhanced the quality of life of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and may have changed the causes of deaths in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 2000 | 10855998 |
| [effect of antiretroviral treatment and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections on survival of patients with aids]. | to analyze the influence of anti-retroviral therapy (art) and prophylaxis against opportunist disease on survival of patients with aids. | 2000 | 10857401 |
| pleural effusions in patients with aids. | to describe the range of pathology causing pleural effusions in hiv infected patients with acute respiratory episodes and to attempt to identify whether any associated radiological abnormalities enabled aetiological discrimination. | 2000 | 10858714 |
| respiratory emergencies. | respiratory emergencies may originate from disease in the airways, thoracic vessels, and pulmonary parenchyma. airway obstruction may be amenable to bronchoscopic therapies, including laser ablation photodynamic therapy (pdt) and stent placement. asthma is common, but may be mimicked by endobronchial metastasis. superior vena cava syndrome (svcs) is seen most commonly with bronchogenic carcinoma and lymphoma. emergent treatment need not precede tissue diagnosis in the absence of associated trach ... | 2000 | 10864215 |
| pulmonary disease in liver transplant recipients. spectrum of ct features. | to determine the features of pulmonary disease in liver transplant recipients by ct. | 2000 | 10866077 |
| [cytomegalovirus disease in immunocompromised patients]. | human cytomegalovirus are a ubiquitous herpesvirus establishing virus-infections which are usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and immunocompromised hosts, the virus causes primary, latent or chronic persistent infection. primary cmv infection is very severe in immunocompromised patients as well as among healthy population. among patients with aids cytomegalovirus (cmv) is usually isolated from patients specimen in assoc ... | 2000 | 10872268 |
| a phase i and ii study of pentostatin (nipent) with cyclophosphamide for previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | purine analogs and alkylating agents are the most active drugs in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). although fludarabine is the most widely tested purine analog in cll, myelosuppression has limited its use in combination chemotherapy regimens. because pentostatin (nipent; supergen, san ramon, ca), a related purine analog with proven activity in cll, has less myelosuppression, we postulated that it would prove advantageous and could be more readily combined with a ... | 2000 | 10877051 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an immunocompetent infant with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. | the case of a term infant with congenital cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) at 4 months of age is reported. our patient suffered from severe malnutrition and zinc deficiency secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis since the age of 2 months. there was no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. qualitative and quantitative in vitro leukocyte functions were also normal. this case highlights the fact that pcp can occur in apparently immunoc ... | 2000 | 10879648 |
| immunorestitution disease involving the innate and adaptive response. | immunorestitution disease (ird) is defined as an acute symptomatic or paradoxical deterioration of a (presumably) preexisting infection that is temporally related to the recovery of the immune system. we report the temporal sequence of events that led to ird caused by pneumocystis carinii and aspergillus terreus in 2 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative patients soon after the recovery of adaptive and innate immunity, respectively, and we review episodes noted in the english-language lite ... | 2000 | 10880300 |
| association of primary pneumocystis carinii infection and sudden infant death syndrome. | 2000 | 10880335 | |
| antimicrobial prophylaxis in adults. | antimicrobial prophylaxis is used by clinicians for the prevention of numerous infections, including sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus infection, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, recurrent cellulitis, meningococcal disease, recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis, influenza, malaria, infective endocarditis, pertussis, plague, anthrax, early-onset group b streptococcal disease in neonates, and ... | 2000 | 10630764 |
| delays in tuberculosis isolation and suspicion among persons hospitalized with hiv-related pneumonia. | despite awareness of hiv-related tuberculosis (tb), nosocomial outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tb among hiv-infected individuals occur. | 2000 | 10631207 |
| effects of atovaquone and diospyrin-based drugs on ubiquinone biosynthesis in pneumocystis carinii organisms. | the naphthoquinone atovaquone is effective against plasmodium and pneumocystis carinii carinii. in plasmodium, the primary mechanism of drug action is an irreversible binding to the mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex as an analog of ubiquinone. blockage of the electron transport chain ultimately inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis since dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in pyrimidine biosynthesis, is unable to transfer electrons to ubiquinone. in the present study, the effect o ... | 2000 | 10602716 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection presents as common bile duct mass biopsied by fine-needle aspiration. | this paper describes a case of pneumocystis carinii (pc) presenting as a common bile duct intraluminal mass in an hiv-infected 30-yr-old homosexual man. in fine-needle aspiration smears, exuberant vascular proliferation associated with multinucleated giant-cell reactions was found within the granular exudate of pc. | 2000 | 10613968 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with polymerase chain reaction: a blinded comparison to standard methods. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is an important cause of morbidity and death among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of respiratory specimens has been investigated as a rapid diagnostic method. we have previously reported on the utility of this technique for diagnosing pcp in hiv-infected patients. in this report we evaluate pcr used in a blinded study design to avoid biases inherent to retrospective and nonblinded studies. t ... | 2000 | 10619742 |
| effect of a bis-benzyl polyamine analogue on pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is the causative agent of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), an opportunistic infection associated with aids and other immunosuppressed conditions. although polyamine metabolism of this fungus has been shown to be a chemotherapeutic target, this metabolism has not been thoroughly investigated. reported here is the effect of one polyamine analogue, n, n'-bis[3-[(phenylmethyl)amino]propyl]-1,7-diaminoheptane (bbs), on p. carinii. bbs inhibits the growth of p. carinii in culture, but ... | 2000 | 10639359 |
| protists as opportunistic pathogens: public health impact in the 1990s and beyond. | protist organisms (protozoa and fungi) have become increasingly prominent as opportunistic pathogens among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and among organ transplant recipients--two immunocompromised populations that have increased dramatically in the past two decades. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia continues to be the most common serious opportunistic infection (oi) among hiv-infected persons in the united states, occurring frequently among persons not previously receiv ... | 2000 | 10651290 |
| clinical presentation and significance of emerging opportunistic infections. | in recent years the clinical face of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome has changed significantly as a consequence of use of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and combination antiretroviral therapy. in this context several opportunistic pathogens have emerged as causes of clinically important disease. many of these infective agents have previously been defined by specific geographical locations. their clinical presentation frequently mimics other (non) opportunistic infecti ... | 2000 | 10651291 |
| discontinuation of chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. hiv outpatient study (hops) investigators. | hiv-infected patients with sustained immunologic improvement from antiretroviral therapy may be able to discontinue chemoprophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2000 | 10651600 |
| cell type-specific regulation of fibrinogen expression in lung epithelial cells by dexamethasone and interleukin-1beta. | our recent studies demonstrating the expression of fibrinogen (fbg) by an alveolar type ii cell line stimulated with proinflammatory mediators and also in the inflamed pulmonary epithelium of animals with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia suggest that extrahepatic fbg participates in the local acute phase response (apr) to infection and subsequent wound repair. however, the mechanisms that regulate extrahepatic fbg expression are poorly understood. this study compares the regulation of hepatic and ... | 2000 | 10657942 |
| variable use of therapeutic interventions for children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in europe. | although a range of antiretroviral drugs are available for use in children, the appropriate paediatric regimen remains unclear. in a survey to investigate policies and practices relating to the therapeutic management of children infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), a postal questionnaire was sent to a named paediatrician in 70 major hiv centres in 13 european countries in early 1998. a total of 64 paediatricians (91%) responded. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis was found ... | 2000 | 10664230 |
| clinical presentation and outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in malawian children. | necropsy studies from africa have shown that pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is common in infants with hiv infection. we aimed to describe the rate, clinical presentation, and outcome of pcp in young malawian children with acute severe pneumonia. | 2000 | 10665557 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following discontinuation of primary prophylaxis despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. | 2000 | 10667904 | |
| nosocomial tuberculosis prevention measures among two groups of us hospitals, 1992 to 1996. | to compare trends in nosocomial tuberculosis (tb) prevention measures and health-care worker (hcw) tuberculin skin test (tst) conversion of hospitals with hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) patients and other us hospitals from 1992 through 1996. design and setting: surveys in 1992 and 1996 of 38 hospitals with pcp patients in four high-hiv-incidence cities and 136 other us hospitals from the american hospital association membership list. | 2000 | 10669678 |
| disease patterns in field and bank vole populations during a cyclic decline in central finland. | declining field vole (microtus agrestis) and bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) populations were sampled (117 field voles and 34 bank voles) in south-central finland during the winter of 1988-89. the last surviving field voles were caught in april and bank voles in february. a subsample (16) of the april field voles were taken live to the laboratory for immunosuppression. the histopathology of the main internal organs and the presence of aerobic bacteria and certain parasites were studied. in t ... | 2000 | 10670697 |
| efficacy of autologous stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma: a 3-year follow-up study. | this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic intensification with autologous stem cell transplantation (asct) for mantle cell lymphomas (mcl) in terms of response rate, duration of response, and event-free and overall survivals. twenty-four patients with confirmed mcl responding to chemotherapy received a high-dose chemo-radiotherapy regimen followed by asct. transplantation was performed during first-line therapy in nine cases, second-line in 13 cases and third-line in two ca ... | 2000 | 10673695 |
| regulation of the plasma membrane potential in pneumocystis carinii. | many protists use a h(+) gradient across the plasma membrane, the proton motive force, to drive nutrient uptake. this force is generated in part by the plasma membrane potential (deltapsi). we investigated the regulation of the deltapsi in pneumocystis carinii using the potentiometric fluorescent dye bisoxonol. the steady state deltapsi in a buffer containing na(+) and k(+) (standard buffer) was found to be -78+/-8 mv. in the absence of na(+) and k(+) (nmg buffer) or cl(-) (gluconate buffer), de ... | 2000 | 10675605 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in wegener's granulomatosis. | this study reports on a first case of granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive wegener's granulomatosis whilst receiving immunosuppressive treatment. the patient presented with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, pauci-immune rapid progressive glomerulonephritis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the skin. granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed under immunosuppressive treatmen ... | 2000 | 10678649 |
| decreased production of local immunoglobulin a to pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a western blot analysis were developed to study the antibody response to pneumocystis carinii in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 27 human immunodeficiency virus 27 (hiv)-infected patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), 32 patients without pcp, and 51 hiv-negative controls. urea was used for the correct dilution of epithelial lining fluid, and albumin was used to evaluate transudation from plasma for the assessment of local production of anti ... | 2000 | 10678907 |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the innate immune response to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice. | innate immunity plays an important role in pulmonary host defense against pneumocystis carinii, an important pathogen in individuals with impaired cell-mediated immunity. we investigated the role of gm-csf in host defense in a model of p. carinii pneumonia induced by intratracheal inoculation of cd4-depleted mice. lung gm-csf levels increased progressively during the infection and were significantly greater than those in uninfected controls 3, 4, and 5 wk after inoculation. when gm-csf gene-targ ... | 2000 | 10679099 |
| effects of atovaquone and diospyrin-based drugs on the cellular atp of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii. | atovaquone (also called mepron, or 566c80) is a napthoquinone used for the treatment of infections caused by pathogens such as plasmodium spp. and pneumocystis carinii. the mechanism of action against the malarial parasite is the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (dhod), a consequence of blocking electron transport by the drug. as an analog of ubiquinone (coenzyme q [coq]), atovaquone irreversibly binds to the mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex; thus, electrons are not able to pass ... | 2000 | 10681344 |
| immunoassays for pentamidine and related compounds: development of a facile inhibitory elisa suitable for clinical use. | aromatic dicationic drugs have a broad spectrum of activity against protozoal and fungal pathogens including pneumocystis carinii, leishmania mexicana amazonensis, cryptosporidium parvum and cryptococcus neoformans. pentamidine serves as the exemplar for an extensive collection of newly synthesized related compounds, which have reduced toxicity and a wider range of target organisms. assays of pentamidine and related compounds have depended on hplc-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-tms) for the quan ... | 2000 | 10683618 |
| pneumocystis carinii isolated from lung lavage fluid in an infant with cystic fibrosis. | pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) cysts were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a 15-week-old child newly diagnosed with cystic fibrosis who presented with bronchitis, pneumonia, and weight loss. the child was not infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and there was no evidence of impaired immunity or exposure to individuals with known or suspected p. carinii disease. culture of the lavage fluid also revealed pathogens typical of lung disease associated with cystic fibros ... | 2000 | 10686045 |
| common variable immunodeficiency in miniature dachshunds affected with pneumonocystis carinii pneumonia. | seven miniature dachshunds, all under the age of 1 year, were presented with polypnea, tachypnea, and exercise intolerance as a result of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which was diagnosed on transtracheal aspirate cytology. in all of the dogs, historical and clinical signs were suggestive of immune incompetence. immunological studies undertaken were leukogram parameters, serum immunoglobulin fraction quantification, lymphocyte transformation assay. cd3 and cd79a lymphocyte markers on lymphoid ... | 2000 | 10690774 |
| unsuspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at presentation of severe primary immunodeficiency. | pneumocystis carinii is an important pathogen in immunodeficiency but may be an unrecognised cause of respiratory compromise. | 2000 | 10648370 |
| a review of the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. | recommendations on the management of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) are still based on the behaviour of this disease in populations unaffected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). studies prior to the hiv epidemic estimated that there were 1.22 cases of smear-negative and extra-pulmonary tb for each smear-positive case. patients with smear-negative pulmonary tb were found to be less infectious and to have a lower mortality, but a significant proportion (50%-71%) progressed to a ... | 2000 | 10694086 |
| outcomes of intensive care for patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | intensive care for patients with human immunodeficiency virus is common, costly, and associated with high morbidity. accurate and up-to-date outcome and prognostic data are needed to effectively counsel patients and to make difficult decisions regarding admission to the intensive care unit. | 2000 | 10695695 |
| aerosolized pentamidine as pneumocystis prophylaxis after bone marrow transplantation is inferior to other regimens and is associated with decreased survival and an increased risk of other infections. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a life-threatening but preventable infection that may occur after bone marrow transplantation (bmt). although various prophylactic regimens have been used in this setting to prevent active infection, their efficacy, toxicity profile, and impact on outcomes are poorly described in this patient group. we undertook a retrospective cohort study in which we reviewed the records of 451 adult patients who underwent bmt for hematologic malignancies, aplastic anemi ... | 2000 | 10707997 |
| p. carinii induces selective alterations in component expression and biophysical activity of lung surfactant. | studies of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) suggest an important role for the surfactant system in the pathogenesis of the hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency associated with this infection. we hypothesized that pcp induces selective alterations in alveolar surfactant component expression and resultant biophysical properties. pcp was induced by intratracheal inoculation of 2 x 10(5) p. carinii organisms into c.b-17 scid/scid mice. six weeks after inoculation, large (la)- and small (sa)-aggre ... | 2000 | 10710533 |
| biochemical characterization of endogenously formed eosinophilic crystals in the lungs of mice. | crystals seldom form spontaneously within tissues of mammals, except in the urinary tract or in association with eosinophil-rich diseases in humans (charcot-leyden crystals). endogenously formed eosinophilic crystals have been reported in respiratory tract and other tissues of several strains of mice, but the biochemical characterization of these crystals has not been reported. in this study, eosinophilic crystal formation was examined in homozygous c57bl/6j viable motheaten mice, lung-specific ... | 2000 | 10713123 |
| changes in pathological findings at autopsy in aids cases for the last 15 years. | to analyze changes in frequency of systemic aids pathology over time and its relationship to central nervous system pathology. | 2000 | 10714569 |
| nosocomial transmission of pneumocystis carinii in renal transplantation. | 2000 | 10715474 | |
| pneumocystis carinii mutations associated with sulfa and sulfone prophylaxis failures in immunocompromised patients. | recent studies have shown that mutations in two amino acid positions of the pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene are significantly more common in immunocompromised patients with p. carinii pneumonia who fail sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis. this paper reviews the studies that suggest that these mutations may be responsible for some failures of prophylaxis in p. carinii. | 2000 | 10717542 |
| molecular characterization of kex1, a kexin-like protease in mouse pneumocystis carinii. | expression screening of a pneumocystis carinii-infected mouse lung cdna library with specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) led to the identification of a p. carinii cdna with extensive homology to subtilisin-like proteases, particularly fungal kexins and mammalian prohormone convertases. the 3.1 kb cdna contains a single open reading frame encoding 1011 amino acids. structural similarities to fungal kexins in the deduced primary amino acid sequence include a putative proenzyme domain delineated ... | 2000 | 10721706 |
| pentamidine inhibition of group i intron splicing in candida albicans correlates with growth inhibition. | we previously demonstrated that pentamidine, which has been clinically used against pneumocystis carinii, inhibits in vitro a group i intron ribozyme from that organism. another fungal pathogen, candida albicans, also harbors a group i intron ribozyme (ca.lsu) in the essential rrna genes in almost half of the clinical isolates analyzed. to determine whether pentamidine inhibits ca.lsu in vitro and in cells, phylogenetically closely related intron-containing (4-1) and intronless (62-1) strains we ... | 2000 | 10722497 |
| identification of cryptosporidium parvum dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors by complementation in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | there is a pressing need for drugs effective against the opportunistic protozoan pathogen cryptosporidium parvum. folate metabolic enzymes and enzymes of the thymidylate cycle, particularly dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), have been widely exploited as chemotherapeutic targets. although many dhfr inhibitors have been synthesized, only a few have been tested against c. parvum. to expedite and facilitate the discovery of effective anti-cryptosporidium antifolates, we have developed a rapid and faci ... | 2000 | 10722506 |
| isolated pneumocystis carinii cell wall glucan provokes lower respiratory tract inflammatory responses. | macrophage-induced lung inflammation contributes substantially to respiratory failure during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we isolated a p. carinii cell wall fraction rich in glucan carbohydrate, which potently induces tnf-alpha and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 generation from alveolar macrophages. instillation of this purified p. carinii carbohydrate cell wall fraction into healthy rodents is accompanied by substantial increases in whole lung tnf-alpha generation and is associated with n ... | 2000 | 10725735 |
| the effects of alternative treatments for hiv disease on recommended pharmacological regimens. | the use of alternative treatments for hiv disease was assessed before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) by the use of a standardised questionnaire. these data were related to epidemiological, clinical and laboratory parameters and compliance levels to recommended antiretroviral and anti-pneumocystis carinii regimens. compared with the 476 evaluable patients interviewed during the first 9 months of 1996, the 549 evaluable subjects screened in january-septe ... | 2000 | 10755242 |
| markedly increased plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan is a diagnostic and therapeutic indicator of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a non-aids patient. | 2000 | 10755639 | |
| very low frequence of pneumocystis carinii dna detection by pcr in specimens from patients with lung damage. | 2000 | 10755883 | |
| a new preadmission staging system for predicting inpatient mortality from hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the early highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) era. | a common severe complication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has been pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). recently, with increasing use of pcp prophylaxis and multidrug antiretroviral therapy, the clinical manifestations of hiv infection have changed dramatically and the predictors of inpatient mortality for pcp may have also changed. we developed a new staging system for predicting inpatient mortality for patients with hiv-associated pcp admitted between 1995 and 1997. trained ... | 2000 | 10764294 |
| pleural effusion and pneumothorax in hospitalized patients with hiv infection: the pulmonary complications, icu support, and prognostic factors of hospitalized patients with hiv (pip) study. | to describe the incidence, causes, and impact of pleural effusion and pneumothorax in hospitalized patients with hiv infection. | 2000 | 10767235 |
| pulmonary infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in taiwan. | pulmonary infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. | 2000 | 10770026 |
| discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in hiv-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. | immune reconstitution following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (haart) has lead to a remarkable reduction in the incidence of opportunistic infections (oi) in subjects with advanced hiv disease. moreover, discontinuation of primary prophylaxis for some oi can be attempted without risk in patients experiencing a favourable response to treatment. however, data on the feasibility of discontinuing secondary prophylaxis are much more scarce, and restricted mainly to the wi ... | 2000 | 10770540 |
| carriage of pneumocystis carinii by immunosuppressed patients and molecular typing of the organisms. | 2000 | 10770551 | |
| in vitro pharmacodynamic parameters of sordarin derivatives in comparison with those of marketed compounds against pneumocystis carinii isolated from rats. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains one of the most serious complications of immunosuppressed patients. in this study, the in vitro pharmacodynamic parameters of four sordarin derivatives (gm 191519, gm 237354, gm 193663, and gm 219771) have been evaluated by a new quantitative approach and compared with the commercially available drugs pentamidine, atovaquone, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). in vitro activities and in vivo therapeutic efficacies of sordarin derivatives against p ... | 2000 | 10770763 |
| epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated opportunistic infections in the united states in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | the incidence of nearly all aids-defining opportunistic infections (ois) decreased significantly in the united states during 1992-1998; decreases in the most common ois (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ¿pcp, esophageal candidiasis, and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex ¿mac disease) were more pronounced in 1996-1998, during which time highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) was introduced into medical care. those ois that continue to occur do so at low cd4+ t lymphocyte counts, and pe ... | 2000 | 10770911 |
| a comparison of induced and expectorated sputum for the microbiological diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia. | sputum induction has proved useful in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mycobacterial infections but there are scant data on its use in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2000 | 10773789 |
| ten-year trends in cd4 cell counts at hiv and aids diagnosis in a london hiv clinic. | to examine temporal trends (1986-1996) in the cd4 cell count at first hiv-1 positive test and initial aids diagnosis, and the influence of selected patient characteristics and treatment factors on these trends. | 2000 | 10780719 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and respiratory infection. | pulmonary disease remains a major problem for the 33 million individuals who are thought to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) worldwide. respiratory infections are responsible for a large number of the 2 million deaths that occur each year in association with hiv disease. in countries where the majority of the population can access highly active antiretroviral therapy, morbidity and mortality rates have been cut by up to 80%. this has allowed the withdrawal of specific opportun ... | 2000 | 10782710 |
| c27 to c32 sterols found in pneumocystis, an opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised mammals. | pneumocystis carinii is the paradigm of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised mammals. prior to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) pandemic and the use of immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplant and cancer patients, p. carinii was regarded as a curiosity, rarely observed clinically. interest in this organism exploded when it was identified as the agent of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), the direct cause of death among many aids patients. aggressive prophylaxis has decreased ... | 2000 | 10783009 |
| hiv infection among children in barbados. | we studied a cohort of children with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in barbados in order to determine the prevalence of hiv infection, the clinical course including morbidity and mortality and the magnitude of the health care and social problems. forty-seven children were diagnosed with hiv infection during the study period. the number of hiv infected children increased from 5 during 1981-85, to 14 during 1986-90, and to 21 during the 1991-95 period. the majority (91.5%) of inf ... | 2000 | 10786451 |
| development and evaluation of a molecular viability assay for pneumocystis carinii. | despite recent declines in incidence, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains the most commonly occurring opportunistic illness among persons with aids in the united states. while p. carinii dna has been detected in patient respiratory specimens and in air samples collected from various indoor environments housing pcp patients, the viability of these organisms is unknown. for this reason, we have developed and evaluated a molecular viability assay for p. carinii. this method is based upon t ... | 2000 | 10790126 |
| abnormal pulmonary accumulation of indium-111 chloride in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as detected by bone marrow scintigraphy. | unusual pulmonary uptake of in-111 chloride in a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and autoimmune hepatitis is described. | 2000 | 10795696 |
| mkp1 of pneumocystis carinii associates with the yeast transcription factor rlm1 via a mechanism independent of the activation state. | the mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase mkp1 of the fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii is a functional map kinase that complements the loss of slt2p, the map kinase component of the cell integrity pathway of saccharomyces cerevisiae, and is activated within p. carinii in response to oxidative stress. mkp1 displays an unusual feature in that it contains a phosphorylation motif repeat (teymtey) within the activation loop not present in any other fungal mapk identified to date. mutagenesis of ... | 2000 | 10889467 |
| clinical course, prognostic factors, and outcome prediction for hiv patients in the icu. the pip (pulmonary complications, icu support, and prognostic factors in hospitalized patients with hiv) study. | to describe the clinical course and prognostic factors in patients with hiv admitted to the icu. | 2000 | 10893371 |
| the values of quantitative serum hiv-1 rna levels and cd4 cell counts for predicting survival time among hiv-positive individuals with cd4 counts of < or = 50 x 10(6) cells/l. | to evaluate the hiv-1 rna level as a predictor of survival time among individuals with advanced aids. | 2000 | 10894278 |
| down-regulation of gata-2 transcription during pneumocystis carinii infection. | differences in gene expression between pneumocystis carinii-infected and noninfected rats were examined. total rna was isolated from homogenized rat lungs and then subjected to differential display with combinations of oligo(dt) and various arbitrary pcr primers. approximately 50 differentially expressed bands were observed. several of these dna bands were isolated, reamplified, and cloned. the cloned dna fragments were used as probes to perform northern hybridization on rna from p. carinii-infe ... | 2000 | 10899878 |
| [pulmonary microcalcification with miliary foreign-body granulomas. residuals of cured pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the most frequent infectious lung diseases in immunocompromised patients, especially in aids cases. the present case report describes pulmonary miliary microcalcifications with and without foreign-body reaction in a patient with successfully treated pcp who was known to have aids. this form of residues of completely healed pcp tends to be rare. other infectious granulomas, foreign-body granulomas and sarcoidosis must be differentially diagnosed. aft ... | 2000 | 10900618 |
| [infection after orthotopic liver transplantation: analysis of the first 120 consecutive cases]. | to report the infectious complications and presentation time of the first 120 consecutive liver transplants performed at our institution. | 2000 | 10901001 |
| effect of antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of bacterial pneumonia in patients with advanced hiv infection. | to determine the relationship of combination antiretroviral therapy and bacterial pneumonia, we assessed incidence of and risk factors for bacterial pneumonia in 1,898 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with cd4 cell counts < 200/mm(3) followed in the johns hopkins hiv clinic between 1993 and 1998. a total of 352 episodes of bacterial pneumonia occurred during 2,310 patient-years of follow-up. incidence of bacterial pneumonia decreased from 22.7 episodes/100 person-years (py) i ... | 2000 | 10903221 |
| a small structural element, pc-j5/5a, plays dual roles in a group ic1 intron rna. | the p4-p6 domain of group ic1 intron ribozymes such as that of the tetrahymena autonomously folds into a hairpin-shaped structure in which the j5/5a region serves as a hinge. phylogenetic comparisons of these ic1 introns suggested that the j5/5a region (termed pc-j5/5a motif) in a subclass of ic1 introns such as the one from pneumocystis carinii functions not only as a hinge but also as a receptor for a gaaa-tetraloop. we investigated the role of this motif by transplanting the structural unit, ... | 2000 | 10903928 |
| search for pneumocystis carinii dna in upper and lower respiratory tract of humans. | recent studies suggest that pneumocystis carinii dna may be detected by pcr in oropharyngeal secretions in the majority of patients with p. carinii pneumonitis (pcp). however, the prevalence of p. carinii dna in patients without pcp has not been well established. a prospective study of 258 nasal, pharyngeal, and salivary specimens from 86 individuals with aids, cancer or no underlying disease, and without respiratory infection, found no p. carinii dna in any of the samples. separately, to valida ... | 2000 | 10904188 |
| [temporal study in aids-associated disease in brazil, 1980-1999]. | trends in annual incidence of reported aids-associated opportunistic infections (oi/100 adults > 12 years old) among aids cases were estimated at the national level in brazil from 1980 through may 1999. the analysis included chi-square and linear regression modeling. the opportunistic infections included: candidiasis (cd), tuberculosis (tb), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), neurotoxoplasmosis (nt), kaposi sarcoma (ks), cryptococcal meningitis (cm), and protozoa infections (pi). the overall ... | 2000 | 10904387 |
| sweet's syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: two sequelae of low-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. | cytosine arabinoside in low dose is sometimes employed for treating acute myeloid leukaemia. we report here a case of acute myeloid leukemia, treated with low-dose cytosine arabinoside, who developed acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after attainment of remission. a direct effect of cytosine arabinoside on neutrophil function and an immunosuppressive potential in lower doses could be speculated. | 2000 | 10914942 |
| pneumocystis carinii mutations are associated with duration of sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis exposure in aids patients. | this study was conducted to determine whether pneumocystis carinii dyhydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene mutations in aids patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) are affected by duration of sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and influence response to sulfa or sulfone therapy. the p. carinii dhps genes from 97 aids patients with pcp between 1991 and 1999 from 4 medical centers were amplified, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and sequenced. mutations were observed in 76% of isolates from patients ... | 2000 | 10915088 |
| risk for preventable opportunistic infections in persons with aids after antiretroviral therapy increases cd4+ t lymphocyte counts above prophylaxis thresholds. | to determine incidence and risk for preventable opportunistic infections (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [pcp] and disseminated mycobacterium avium-complex [mac] infection) in persons whose cd4(+) t lymphocyte counts had increased by >/=100 cells/microl to exceed the threshold of risk and in persons whose cd4(+) counts had never dropped below the threshold of risk, we analyzed data collected during the period 1990-1998 in the adult/adolescent spectrum of hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) diseas ... | 2000 | 10915098 |
| [the value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the clarifying of hiv-associated lung diseases]. | examination of sputum is the first diagnostic step in the evaluation of hiv-infected patients with pulmonary complications. we were interested in the indications and the diagnostic value of subsequent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and especially the importance of so-called atypical bacteria. | 2000 | 10916494 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in south african children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been regarded as uncommon in hiv-infected patients in africa, but diagnostic difficulties and geographic variability may partly account for this. there is little information on the incidence of pcp in hiv-infected children in africa. | 2000 | 10917216 |
| prospective cohort study of children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers, 1985 through 1997: trends in the risk of vertical transmission, mortality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicator diseases in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy. | to assess changes in the risk of vertical transmission of hiv and changes in both mortality and morbidity among children in southern connecticut with hiv infection after the introduction of treatment of hiv-infected pregnant women with antiretroviral drugs and of regimens to prevent or to treat aids indicator diseases in infected children. | 2000 | 10917219 |
| preclinical development of keliximab, a primatized anti-cd4 monoclonal antibody, in human cd4 transgenic mice: characterization of the model and safety studies. | the preclinical safety assessment of biopharmaceuticals necessitates that studies be conducted in species in which the products are pharmacologically active. monoclonal antibodies are a promising class of biopharmaceuticals for many disease indications; however, by design, these agents tend to have limited species cross-reactivity and tend to only be active in primates. keliximab is a human-cynomolgus monkey chimeric (primatized) monoclonal antibody with specificity for human and chimpanzee cd4. ... | 2000 | 10918514 |
| absence of cd40-cd40 ligand interactions in x-linked hyper-igm syndrome does not affect differentiation of t helper cell subsets. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of absent cd40-cd40 ligand interactions in patients with x-linked hyper-igm syndrome (xhigm) on the generation of th1 and th2 immunity. whole blood from patients and sex- and age-matched controls was stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (pma) and calcium ionophore a23187 in the presence of brefeldin a. after 5 h, cellular production of interferon-gamma, il-4, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and il-2 was measured by intracellular cytokine stai ... | 2000 | 10931152 |
| a soluble mannose receptor immunoadhesin enhances phagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. in the normal host, p. carinii is susceptible to an array of first line host defense mechanisms that are operative in the lung. alveolar macrophages play a central role in the clearance of inhaled organisms. the macrophage mannose receptor (mr) appears to be sufficient for p. carinii phagocytosis. in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, mr expression on alveolar macrophages ... | 2000 | 10931380 |
| typing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis by pcr-sscp to indicate a high frequency of co-infections. | broncho-alveolar lavage specimens from patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were investigated by pcr-single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis of four genomic regions for p. carinii f. sp. hominis. in all, 32% of specimens produced two bands (one allele) for each of the four genomic regions, suggesting an infection with a single p.c. hominis type. the other specimens displayed more than two bands for at least one of the four genomic regions, suggesting several theoretical p ... | 2000 | 10933262 |
| improvements in outcomes of acute respiratory failure for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | in the early 1990s, hospital survival among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and respiratory failure was poor, approximately 20%. we examined icu use and outcomes for patients with acute respiratory failure from pcp from 1995 to 1997. we conducted a retrospective medical record review using a random sample of 71 hospitals in seven regions of the united states. among 1,660 patients with confirmed or presumed pcp, 155 (9%) received mecha ... | 2000 | 10934059 |
| permanent declines in pulmonary function following pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. the pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated respiratory infections, most notably pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), but also bacterial pneumonia (bp), result in reductions in lung function that have been studied mainly during the course of acute infection. whether hiv-associated pneumonias also cause permanent changes in pulmonary function is unknown. in this study we investigated the long-term effects of pcp and bp on pulmonary function in a cohort of hiv-infected persons. one thousand, on ... | 2000 | 10934095 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adolescents. | 2000 | 10937465 | |
| nodular granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a bone marrow transplant recipient. case report. | we report a case of nodular granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation. the patient was a 40-year-old man who had undergone bone marrow transplantation for myeloblastic acute leukemia. he presented with fever, dyspnea and bilateral diffuse nodular infiltration of the lungs. bronchoalveolar lavage was negative. open lung biopsy was performed. histological examination revealed a granulomatous reaction with central necrosis surrounded by epithelioid and giant ... | 2000 | 10937774 |
| the pitfall in evaluating several serological markers of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a neutropenic patient. | we compared the significance of several serum markers to evaluate the activity of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in an immunocompromised patient. we successively measured kl-6, an amino-terminal propeptide of type iii procollagen (piiinp), and the cytokeratin 19 fragment (ck19) in the sera of a patient with pcp. interestingly, piiinp, kl-6, and ck19 levels in the sera did not increase at the time of onset of pcp during a neutropenic phase. instead, they markedly increased after the recover ... | 2000 | 10939542 |