Publications

synergistic anticancer activity of curcumin and catechin: an in vitro study using human cancer cell lines.	the most practical approach to reduce morbidity and mortality of cancer is to delay the process of carcinogenesis by usage of anticancer agents. this necessitates that safer compounds are to be critically examined for anticancer activity especially, those derived from natural sources. a spice commonly found in india and the surrounding regions, is turmeric, derived from the rhizome of curcuma longa and the major active component is a phytochemical termed curcumin. green tea is one of the most po ...	2011	21780253
tea polyphenols induce apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway and by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappab and akt activation in human cervical cancer cells.	phytochemicals present in tea, particularly polyphenols, have anticancer properties against several cancer types. however, studies elucidating the role and the mechanism(s) of action of tea polyphenols in cervical cancer are sparse. in this study, we investigated the mechanism of antiproliferative and apoptotic actions exerted by tea polyphenols on human papilloma virus-18-positive hela cervical cancer cells. treatment of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) and black tea pol ...	2011	21776820
protective role of black tea extract against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced skeletal dysfunction.	aim. this paper aimed to examine the chemoprotective actions of aqueous black tea extract (bte) against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis- (nash-) induced skeletal changes in rats. material. wistar rats (body wt. 155-175?g) of both sexes, aged 4-5 months, were randomly assigned to 3 groups; group a (control), group b (60% high-fat diet; hfd), and group c (hfd + 2.5% bte). methods. several urinary (calcium, phosphate, creatinine, and calcium-to-creatinine ratio) serum (alkaline phosphatase and serum t ...	2011	21772972
a subacute toxicity evaluation of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract in mice.	green tea is believed to be beneficial to health because it possesses antioxidant, antiviral and anticancer properties. the potential toxicity of green tea when administered at high doses via concentrated extracts, however, has not been completely investigated. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety of green tea extract in icr mice using a subacute exposure paradigm. in this study, mice were orally administered (gavage) green tea extract at doses of 0 (as normal group), 62 ...	2011	21771628
anti-uv activity of lentinus edodes mycelia extract (lem).	using our recently established simple method for evaluating protective activity from ultraviolet ray injury (referred to as 'anti-uv activity'), the effectiveness of various antioxidants and plant extracts was investigated.	2011	21753126
diversity analysis of diazotrophic bacteria associated with the roots of tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze).	the diversity elucidation by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis and 16s rdna sequencing of 96 associative diazotrophs, isolated from the feeder roots of tea on enriched nitrogen-free semisolid media, revealed the predominance of gram-positive over gram-negative bacteria within the kangra valley in himachal pradesh, india. the gram-positive bacteria observed belong to two taxonomic groupings; firmicutes, including the genera bacillus and paenibacillus; and actinobacteria, represented by ...	2011	21715960
green tea polyphenols in drug discovery - a success or failure?	green tea is made from unfermented dried leaves from camellia sinensis and has been consumed by humans for thousands of years. for nearly as long, it has been used as a folk remedy for a wide array of diseases. more recently, a large number of in-vitro and in-vivo scientific studies have supported this ancient contention that the polyphenols from green tea can provide a number of health benefits. since these compounds are clearly safe for human consumption and ubiquitous in the food supply, they ...	2011	21731575
green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications.	an expanding body of preclinical evidence suggests egcg, the major catechin found in green tea (camellia sinensis), has the potential to impact a variety of human diseases. apparently, egcg functions as a powerful antioxidant, preventing oxidative damage in healthy cells, but also as an antiangiogenic and antitumor agent and as a modulator of tumor cell response to chemotherapy. much of the cancer chemopreventive properties of green tea are mediated by egcg that induces apoptosis and promotes ce ...	2011	21827739
plant polyphenols attenuate hepatic injury after hemorrhage/resuscitation by inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation via nf-kappab in rats.	purpose: oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to hepatic injury after hemorrhage/resuscitation (h/r). natural plant polyphenols, i.e., green tea extract (gte) possess high anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in various models of acute inflammation. however, possible protective effects and feasible mechanisms by which plant polyphenols modulate pro-inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidant signaling after h/r in the liver remain unknown. therefore, we investigated the effects of gte ...	2011	21698494
genotoxic effects of green tea extract on human laryngeal carcinoma cells in vitro.	green tea (camellia sinensis) contains several bioactive compounds which protect the cell and prevent tumour development. phytochemicals in green tea extract (mostly flavonoids) scavenge free radicals, but also induce pro-oxidative reactions in the cell. in this study, we evaluated the potential cytotoxic and prooxidative effects of green tea extract and its two main flavonoid constituents epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) and epicatechin gallate (ecg) on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (hep2) ...	2011	21705301
effect of milk and brewing method on black tea catechin bioaccessibility.	the aim of this study was to investigate whether milk reduces the bioaccessibility of tea catechins, which would compromise tea beneficial effects ascribed to polyphenols. adding milk to black tea has been shown to lead to polyphenol-protein complexes. so far, data on the intestinal stability of polyphenol-protein complexes are scarce. english black tea (0.93 -¦ 0.06 mol/l total catechins) and indian black tea (1.83 -¦ 0.08 mol/l catechins) were prepared with skimmed or full-fat milk and subject ...	2011	21692489
antimicrobial traits of tea- and cranberry-derived polyphenols against streptococcus mutans.	there are over 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the human oral cavity, but only a small fraction of those are attributed to causing plaque-related diseases such as caries. streptococcus mutans is accepted as the main cariogenic agent and there is substantial knowledge regarding the specific virulence factors that render the organism a pathogen. there has been rising interest in alternative, target-specific treatment options as opposed to nonspecific mechanical plaque removal or application o ...	2011	21720161
polyphenolics profile and antioxidant properties of raphanus sativus l.	raphanus sativus, a common cruciferous vegetable has been attributed to possess a number of pharmacological properties. antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of r. sativus root extracted with solvents of varying polarity were evaluated using different model systems. polyphenolic content was estimated to be in the range 13.18-63.54ôçëmgôçëg(-1) dry weight, with a considerable amount being obtained with polar solvents. high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated the presence of ...	2011	21714734
rooibos (aspalathus linearis) offers cardiac protection against ischaemia/reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat heart.	rooibos, a unique south african herbal tea, is known to be an important source of unique polyphenolic compounds. in the present study we have quantified the main polyphenolic compounds in both fermented/traditional and unfermented/"green" rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and evaluated its cardioprotective effects against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. male wistar rats consumed aqueous rooibos and green tea (camellia sinensis) extracts (2%, w/v) for 7 weeks before their hearts were rapidly excised an ...	2011	21982437
effect of supplementation of soft drinks with green tea extract on their erosive potential against dentine.	matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) inhibitors reduce dentine erosion. this in vitro study evaluated the effect of the supplementation of soft drinks with green tea extract, a natural inhibitor of mmps, on their erosive potential against dentine.	2011	21884149
pu-erh black tea extract supplementation attenuates the oxidative dna damage and oxidative stress in sprague-dawley rats with renal dysfunction induced by subchronic 3-methyl-2-quinoxalin benzenevinylketo-1,4-dioxide exposure.	3-methyl-2-quinoxalin benzenevinylketo-1,4-dioxide (quinocetone, qct), has been used to treat dysentery and promote growth in animal feeding. however, available data show that qct has potential nephrotoxicity. the present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of pu-erh black tea extract (pbte) which is a traditional remedy in china with antioxidant properties against oxidative dna damage and oxidative stress in a rat model of qct-induced renal dysfunction. increased serum crea ...	2011	22079314
Protective effect of black tea on integral membrane proteins in rat liver.	Ethanol intoxication is accompanied by oxidative stress formation. Consequently, it leads to disturbances in cellular metabolism that can alter the structure and function of cell membrane components. Black tea displays antioxidant properties, protects membrane phospholipids and may protect integral membrane proteins. In the present study, we examined whether black tea induces changes in the liver integral membrane proteins of 12-months old rats chronically intoxicated with ethanol. To estimate q ...	2011	21920720
Preparation, preliminary characterization, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antitumor activities of polysaccharides from the flower of tea plant (Camellia sinensis).	In the present study, the crude polysaccharides from the flowers of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) (TFPS) were prepared with hot water and further fractionated on a DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography to afford three purified fractions of TFPS-1, TFPS-2 and TFPS-3. Then, their preliminary structures, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro and hepatoprotective activity in vivo were investigated. Compared with TFPS-2 and TFPS-3, TFPS-1 had relative higher content of sulfate and relative complic ...	2011	22033094
Dielectrophoresis enhances the whitening effect of carbamide peroxide on enamel.	To compare the enamel whitening effect of a 20-minute dielectrophoresis enhanced electrochemical delivery to a 20-minute diffusion treatment.	2011	22165451
A crude extract from immature green tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves promotes Toll-like receptor 7-mediated interferon-a production in human macrophage-like cells.	Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) senses viral single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), induces the production of type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-a and -ß, in macrophages such as dendritic cells (DCs), and its immune system protects the host from virus infection. Here, we found that a crude extract from immature green tea leaves (iTPS) containing a macromolecule with ssRNA fragments, induces IFN-a production in human macrophage-like cells. In addition IFN-a production was inhibited by treatment with TLR7 inhibitor ...	2011	22124541
Immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated green tea (Camellia sinensis) on the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).	In order to study the immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated green tea extract on rainbow trout, a study with a 30-day feeding trial was conducted. Commercial diets with graded levels of decaffeinated green tea extract, 20 mg (T1), 100 mg (T2), 500 mg (T3) per kg feed were prepared. 120 rainbow trout (35 ± 3 g) were randomly assigned to 4 groups in triplicates and fed one of the 3 experimental diets formulated or control diet. After feeding trial, 12 fish from each group were sampled for anal ...	2011	21985858
antibacterial effects of theaflavin and synergy with epicatechin against clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii and stenotrophomonas maltophilia.	stenotrophomonas maltophilia and acinetobacter baumannii are recognised as important nosocomial pathogens; however, due to their intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics, treatment options are limited. polyphenols from black tea have been shown to possess antibacterial action. in this study, the antibacterial effects of various concentrations of theaflavin as well as combinations of theaflavin and epicatechin were determined using the disk diffusion assay. the results showed strong antibacte ...	2011	21885260
Dietary agents in the prevention of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicty: preclinical observations.	Long term alcohol consumption is one of the important causes for liver failure and death. To complicate the existing problem there are no dependable hepatoprotective drugs and a large number of patients prefer using complementary and alternative medicines for treating and managing hepatic complications. Almost 25 centuries ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, proclaimed "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." Exploring the association between diet and health continues even toda ...	2011	22119904
black tea extract prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced nf-κb signaling and attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis.	black tea has been shown to elicit anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic properties. in this study, we investigated the impact of black tea extract (bte) on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced nf-κb signaling in bone marrow derived-macrophages (bmm) and determined the therapeutic efficacy of this extract on colon inflammation.	2011	21989142
a natural theaflavins preparation inhibits hiv-1 infection by targeting the entry step: potential applications for preventing hiv-1 infection.	theaflavins are the major components of tea polyphenols in brewed black tea. we previously reported that theaflavin derivatives, such as tf3, inhibited hiv-1 entry by targeting gp41. however, it is difficult to purify the individual theaflavins and the purified compounds are highly unstable. to develop theaflavins as affordable anti-hiv-1 microbide for preventing hiv sexual transmission, we intended to use an economic natural preparation containing 90% of theaflavins (tfmix). its antiviral activ ...	2011	22155187
a tea/vanadate decoction delivered orally over 14 months to diabetic rats induces long-term glycemic stability without organ toxicity.	vanadium can induce potent hypoglycemic effects in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus animals, but toxic adverse effects have inhibited the translation of these findings. administration of vanadate in a black tea decoction has shown impressive hypoglycemic effects without evidence of toxicity in short-term studies. the purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic action and the toxic adverse effects of a tea/vanadate (t/v) decoction in diabetic rats over a 14-month treatment period ...	2011	22146096
fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of tea (camellia sinensis l.) seed oil extracted by optimized supercritical carbon dioxide.	seeds are another product in addition to leaves (raw materials for teas) of tea (camellia sinensis l.) plant. the great increase of tea consumption in recent years raises the challenge of finding commercial applications for tea seeds. in the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co(2)) extraction edible oil from tea seed was carried out, response surface methodology (rsm) was used to optimize processing parameters including time (20-90 min), temperature (35-45 °c) and pressure (50-90 m ...	2011	22174626
inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols by targeting cyclooxygenase-2 through regulation of nuclear factor kappa b, akt and p53 in rat mammary tumors.	breast cancer has become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. the control of this disease can be achieved through chemoprevention, which refers to the consumption of synthetic or naturally occurring agents to block, reverse, or delay the process of tumor development. tea (camellia sinensis), the most widely consumed beverage, has shown promises in the field of cancer chemoprevention. inhibition of tumorigenesis by green or black tea polyphenols has been demonstrated in va ...	2011	19936622
potential mechanisms of hypocholesterolaemic effect of thai spices/dietary extracts.	several thai spices/dietary ingredients were previously shown to have hypocholesterolaemic effects. these studies were mostly conducted in animal models in which the mechanisms of action were not yet well-established. therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of hypocholesterolaemic action of 12 selected plants, namely hibiscus sabdariffa l., moringa oleifera lam., cucurbita moschata duchesne, ananas comosus (l.) merr., zingiber officinale, morus alba l., camellia sinens ...	2011	20623425
prevention of diet-induced obesity by dietary black tea polyphenols extract in vitro and in vivo.	the effects of certain tea components on the prevention of obesity in humans have recently been reported, although it is still unclear whether black tea consumption is beneficial. we obtained black tea extract (btpe) consisting of polyphenols specific to black tea, and from it, prepared a polymerized polyphenol fraction (btp). the effectiveness of oral administration of the btpe was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments.	2011	20627658
genoprotective effects of green tea (camellia sinensis) in human subjects: results of a controlled supplementation trial.	green tea is rich in polyphenolic antioxidants and has widely reported but largely unsubstantiated health benefits. in the present study, genoprotective effects of two types of green tea were studied both in an in vitro and in a human supplementation trial. for the in vitro study, human lymphocytes were pre-incubated in tea (0·005-0·1 %, w/v), washed and subjected to oxidant challenge induced by h2o2. in a placebo-controlled, cross-over supplementation study, eighteen healthy volunteers took 2 x ...	2011	20807462
comparing streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus colony count changes following green tea mouth rinse or sodium fluoride mouth rinse use in children (randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial).	green tea contains phenolic compounds which could be considered as an anticariogenic agent. in addition, there has not been any significant side effect reported compared to sodium fluoride. so it seems that any comparison between the effects of green tea extract on the level of cariogenic bacteria with sodium fluoride is beneficial. the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of sodium fluoride and green tea mouth rinses on the level of salivary streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus of ...	2011	23372597
green tea (camellia sinesis) ameliorates female schistosoma mansoni-induced changes in the liver of balb/c mice.	this study was designed to assess the effect of green tea, an aqueous extract of camellia sinensis, on the oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system and liver pathology of schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. green tea at concentration of 3% (w/v) was given orally to treated mice as sole source of drinking water from the end of the 4th week to the end of 10th week post-infection; untreated mice were allowed to drink normal water. the data of the studied s. mansoni-infected mice exhibited a supp ...	2011	23961148
nigerian foodstuffs with prostate cancer chemopreventive polyphenols.	dietary polyphenols are antioxidants that can scavenge biological free radicals, and chemoprevent diseases with biological oxidation as their main etiological factor. in this paper, we review our laboratory data vis-ὰ-vis available literature on prostate cancer chemopreventive substances in nigerian foodstuffs. dacryodes edulis fruit, moringa oleifera and syzygium aromaticum contained prostate active polyphenols like ellagic acid, gallate, methylgallate, catechol, kaempferol quercetin and their ...	2011	21992488
identification of phenolic compounds in aqueous and ethanolic rooibos extracts (aspalathus linearis) by hplc-esi-ms (tof/it).	rooibos (aspalathus linearis) is a rich source of polyphenols and used to make a mild-tasting tea containing no caffeine, is low in tannins compared to green or black teas, and has antioxidant and antimutagenic/antitumoral properties. in vivo results show that rooibos has beneficial effects upon the lipid profile by decreasing serum triglycerides and cholesterol. in this sense, we have developed a simple and rapid method to separate and characterize simultaneously the polyphenolic compounds in a ...	2011	21509483
synergistic antioxidant activity of green tea with some herbs.	cardiovascular diseases, cancer, arthritis, etc. are caused by free radicals that are byproducts of metabolic pathways. selected plants namely vitis vinifera, phyllanthus emblica l., punica granatum, cinnamomum cassia, ginkgo biloba l., and camellia sinensis linn. are reported to produce antioxidant property. this study is undertaken to support the hypothesis that formulation of a polyherbal combination of these plants shows a synergistic effect with green tea. the extracts of each drug were cha ...	2011	22171315
the impact of in vitro aging on the mechanical and optical properties of indirect veneering composite resins.	flexural strength, hardness, surface roughness, discoloration, and abrasion resistance are important properties of veneering composite resins. recently introduced veneering resins are purported to have enhanced mechanical properties due to their composition, but their long-term durability is not known.	2011	22133396
complementary therapies, herbs, and other otc agents: green tea (camellia sinensis).		2011	22329195
herbivore-induced volatiles from tea (camellia sinensis) plants and their involvement in intraplant communication and changes in endogenous nonvolatile metabolites.	as a defense response to attacks by herbivores such as the smaller tea tortrix ( adoxophyes honmai yasuda), tea ( camellia sinensis ) leaves emit numerous volatiles such as (z)-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, α-farnesene, benzyl nitrile, indole, nerolidol, and ocimenes in higher concentration. attack of kanzawa spider mites ( tetranychus kanzawai kishida), another major pest insect of tea crops, induced the emission of α-farnesene and ocimenes from tea leaves. the exogenous application of jasmonic acid ...	2011	22077631
dietary patterns and nutritional health of women: the nutrition transition in rural tanzania.	many developing countries are experiencing a rapid nutrition transition in urban areas.	2011	22073796
withdrawn: characterization and antioxidant activities of an acidic polysaccharide from camellia sinensis.	this article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.	2011	22210484
potential of herbs in skin protection from ultraviolet radiation.	herbs have been used in medicines and cosmetics from centuries. their potential to treat different skin diseases, to adorn and improve the skin appearance is well-known. as ultraviolet (uv) radiation can cause sunburns, wrinkles, lower immunity against infections, premature aging, and cancer, there is permanent need for protection from uv radiation and prevention from their side effects. herbs and herbal preparations have a high potential due to their antioxidant activity, primarily. antioxidant ...	2011	22279374
evaluation of green tea extract as a glazing material for shrimp frozen by cryogenic freezing.	solutions of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract (gte) in distilled water were evaluated as a glazing material for shrimp frozen by cryogenic freezing. total of 2%, 3%, and/or 5% gte solutions (2gte, 3gte, 5gte) were used for glazing. distilled water glazed (gdw) and nonglazed shrimp (ng) served as controls. the gte was characterized by measuring color, ph, (o) brix, total phenols, and % antiradical activity. individual catechins were identified by hplc. the freezing time, freezing rate, and e ...	2011	22417550
effect of mangrove tea extract from ceriops decandra (griff.) ding hou. on salivary bacterial flora of dmba induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma.	the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mangrove tea on salivary bacterial flora in dmba induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma. tea from mangrove plant ceriops decandra was administered against dmba induced buccal pouch carcinoma in hamster rats. the chemical constitutions and quality of mangrove tea is similar with the commercial tea camellia sinensis. the hamster rats were painted thrice a week with dmba in their right buccal pouch, and also administrated orally with 1.2 ...	2011	22754013
green tea and black tea consumption and prostate cancer risk: an exploratory meta-analysis of observational studies.	observational studies on tea consumption and prostate cancer (pca) risk are still inconsistent. the authors conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between green tea and black tea consumption with pca risk. thirteen studies providing data on green tea or black tea consumption were identified by searching pubmed and isi web of science databases and secondary referencing qualified for inclusion. a random-effects model was used to calculate the summary odds ratios (or) and their co ...	2011	21667398
identification and cross-species transferability of 112 novel unigene-derived microsatellite markers in tea (camellia sinensis).	tea unigene-derived microsatellite (tugms) markers were identified from the publicly available est data in camellia sinensis for characterization and future genome mapping studies in tea.	2011	21653500
polyphenol composition of a functional fermented tea obtained by tea-rolling processing of green tea and loquat leaves.	phenolic constituents of a new functional fermented tea produced by tea-rolling processing of a mixture (9:1) of tea leaves and loquat leaves were examined in detail. the similarity of the phenolic composition to that of black tea was indicated by high-performance liquid chromatography comparison with other tea products. twenty-five compounds, including three new catechin oxidation products, were isolated, and the structures of the new compounds were determined to be (2r)-2-hydroxy-3-(2,4,6-trih ...	2011	21627083
tentative identification, quantitation, and principal component analysis of green pu-erh, green, and white teas using uplc/dad/ms.	tea (camellia sinensis l.), an important drink and a natural medicine for thousands of years, contains many health beneficial compounds. growing season, geographical region, and fermentation methods create many variations in tea compositions, which contribute to each tea's uniqueness. in this study, a simple, rapid, and efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography (uplc) method combined with diode array detector (dad) and mass spectroscopic (ms) detection and chemometrics analysis was used ...	2011	25544798
selective coprecipitation of polyphenols in bioactive/inorganic complexes.	we investigate the formation of bioactive/inorganic coprecipitates of polyphenols catechins with calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. extracted from the leaves of camellia sinensis, green tea catechins are efficient free radical scavengers, but their purported benefits from the perspective of prevention, health, and nutritional physiology are accompanied by unpleasant organoleptic characteristics: they are notoriously bitter. selective complexation of polyphenols with metal salts is a possib ...	2011	21736351
optimum conditions for the water extraction of l-theanine from green tea.	theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid found in tea (camellia sinensis). it contributes to the favourable umami taste of tea and is linked to various beneficial effects in humans. there is an increasing interest in theanine as an important component of tea, as an ingredient for novel functional foods and as a dietary supplement. therefore, optimal conditions for extracting theanine from tea are required for the accurate quantification of theanine in tea and as an efficient first step for it ...	2011	21735551
l-theanine: properties, synthesis and isolation from tea.	theanine is a non-protein amino acid that occurs naturally in the tea plant (camellia sinensis) and contributes to the favourable taste of tea. it is also associated with effects such as the enhancement of relaxation and the improvement of concentration and learning ability. it is also linked with health benefits including the prevention of certain cancers and cardiovascular disease, the promotion of weight loss and enhanced performance of the immune system. thus, there has been a significant ri ...	2011	21735448
dynamic calibration approach for determining catechins and gallic acid in green tea using lc-esi/ms.	catechins and gallic acid are antioxidant constituents of camellia sinensis, or green tea. liquid chromatography with both ultraviolet (uv) absorbance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (esi/ms) detection was used to determine catechins and gallic acid in three green tea matrix materials that are commonly used as dietary supplements. the results from both detection modes were evaluated with 14 quantitation models, all of which were based on the analyte response relative to an interna ...	2011	21780803
inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) activity by polyphenols from tea (camellia sinensis) and links to processing method.	the focus of this study was to investigate angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibiting activity across 34 teas (camellia sinensis) produced by 5 different processing methods including green (gt), oolong (ot), white (wt), black (bt) and dark (dt) teas. in vitro ace inhibitory activity was affected by the tea processing method with ic(50) values for ace inhibition: green < oolong < white < black < dark teas. substrate-dependence of the reaction kinetics was studied for gt and bt polyphenolic si ...	2011	21779569
molecular evidence for maternal inheritance of the chloroplast genome in tea, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze.	tea is the most consumed beverage worldwide after water. yet very little is known about the genetics of tea in comparison with other crop species. here we have taken advantage of the polymorphic nature of microsatellite dna to investigate the mode of chloroplast inheritance in tea, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze. this is important for the correct interpretation of phylogeny and introgression data as well as assessing the suitability of chloroplast transformation as a means for transgene contai ...	2011	21769876
responses to winter dormancy, temperature, and plant hormones share gene networks.	gene networks modulated in winter dormancy (wd) in relation to temperature and hormone responses were analyzed in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. analysis of subtracted cdna libraries prepared using the rna isolated from the apical bud and the associated two leaves (two and a bud, tab) of actively growing (ag) and winter dormant plant showed the downregulation of genes involved in cell cycle/cell division and upregulation of stress-inducible genes including those encoding chaperons durin ...	2011	21755357
fractionation and speciation of arsenic in three tea gardens soil profiles and distribution of as in different parts of tea plant (camellia sinensis l.).	the distribution pattern and fractionation of arsenic (as) in three soil profiles from tea (camellia sinensis l.) gardens located in karbi-anglong (ka), cachar (ca) and karimganj (kg) districts in the state of assam, india, were investigated depth-wise (0-10, 10-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm). dtpa-extractable as was primarily restricted to surface horizons. arsenic speciation study showed the presence of higher as(v) concentrations in the upper horizon and its gradual decrease with the increase in so ...	2011	21752421
integrating satellite images and spectroscopy to measuring green and black tea quality.	this study quantifies the effects of green leaf and black tea parameters that influence tea quality in northeast india. it was motivated by a decline in tea quality that is of concern to tea growers. the rationale of the study is to identify the different parameters that have a significant influence on liquor brightness and other variables measuring tea quality. here, we investigate several methods for estimating tea quality based on tea quality data, near infrared spectroscopy and remotely sens ...	2011	23140747
[determination of 88 pesticide residues in tea using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].	a multi-residue method for the determination of 88 pesticides in tea using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (gc-ms/ms) was developed. the target compounds were extracted with acetonitrile by accelerated solvent extraction (ase), and the extracts were cleaned up by solid phase extraction (spe) with a carbon/nh2 cartridge and eluted with acetonitrile-toluene (3:1, v/v) before the identification and quantification of the residues by gc-ms/ms. performance characteristics, such as accuracy ...	2011	21847974
effect of mangrove black tea extract from ceriops decandra (griff.) on hematology and biochemical changes in dimethyl benz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.	effect of the black tea extracted from a mangrove plant species, ceriops decandra (griff.) was studied on dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced changes in blood hematology and plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants in male hamsters. hamsters were painted with 0.5% solution of dmba in liquid paraffin on the right buccal pouch three times in a week up to 14 weeks. each application treated with 0.4mg of dmba. the mangrove black tea extract (mbte) was administrated orally with 5mgkg(-1) twice a day a ...	2011	21843799
improvement of mr cholangiopancreatography (mrcp) images after black tea consumption.	evaluation of the efficacy of black tea as the negative oral contrast agent in mrcp.	2011	21818525
protective effect of kombucha tea against tertiary butyl hydroperoxide induced cytotoxicity and cell death in murine hepatocytes.	kombucha (kt), a fermented black tea (bt), is known to have many beneficial properties. in the present study, antioxidant property of kt has been investigated against tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (tbhp) induced cytotoxicity using murine hepatocytes. tbhp, a reactive oxygen species inducer, causes oxidative stress resulting in organ pathophysiology. exposure to tbhp caused a reduction in cell viability, increased membrane leakage and disturbed the intra-cellular antioxidant machineries in hepatoc ...	2011	21800502
antioxidant activity prediction and classification of some teas using artificial neural networks.	in order to characterise and to classify some teas a simple, rapid and economical method based on composition, antioxidant activity and artificial neural networks (anns) is proposed. for these purpose two types of ann based applications have been developed: one for predicting the antioxidant activity and a second one for establishing the class of the teas. the complex relationship between the total antioxidant activity (aa) depending on the total flavonoids content (f), total catechins content ( ...	2011	25214133
enzymatic treatment to improve the quality of black tea extracts.	enzymatic extraction was investigated to improve the quality of black tea extracts with pretreatment of pectinase and tannase independently, successively and simultaneously. pectinase improved the extractable-solids-yield (esy) up to 11.5%, without much of an improvement in polyphenols recovery, while tannase pre-treatment showed a significant improvement in polyphenols recovery (14.3%) along with an 11.1% improvement in esy. among the four treatments, tannase-alone treatment showed the maximum ...	2011	25214094
comparative assessment of tea quality by various analytical and sensory methods with emphasis on tea polyphenols.	attempts were made to evolve an efficient technique for quality assessment of tea (camellia sinensis) using a tyrosinase based biosensor to detect polyphenols (pp). tyrosinase catalyzes the polymerization of pp to form theaflavins (tf) and thearubigins (tr) contributing to the colour and astringency of tea, which determine tea quality. variation in biosensor response of tea infusions gave an indication of differential amount of tf and tr. a comparative study of quality attributes of 8 varieties ...	2011	23572768
plant and fungal food components with potential activity on the development of microbial oral diseases.	this paper reports the content in macronutrients, free sugars, polyphenols, and inorganic ions, known to exert any positive or negative action on microbial oral disease such as caries and gingivitis, of seven food/beverages (red chicory, mushroom, raspberry, green and black tea, cranberry juice, dark beer). tea leaves resulted the richest material in all the detected ions, anyway tea beverages resulted the richest just in fluoride. the highest content in zinc was in chicory, raspberry and mushro ...	2011	22013381
the effect of hibiscus sabdariffa on lipid profile, creatinine, and serum electrolytes: a randomized clinical trial.	background. hibiscus sabdariffa l. (hs), a member of malvaceae family, is a medicinal plant with a worldwide fame. its effect on reducing serum lipids is mentioned in several studies. the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of this plant in reducing the serum's lipids in hypertensive patients. materials and methods. ninety hypertensive patients were randomly assigned to receive hibiscus sabdariffa (hs) tea or black tea for 15 days. the patients were asked to drink the tea within 20 ...	2011	21991538
characteristic fragmentation patterns of trimethylsilyl and trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives of plant disaccharides as obtained by gas chromatography coupled to ion-trap mass spectrometry.	the characteristic fragmentation pattern of six reducing and two non reducing type disaccharides-(neohesperidose, acuminose, sambubiose, rutinose, vicianose, primverose, and two arabinosyl-inositols) has been described. these saccharides have not been previously identified by on-line chromatographic techniques. unambiguous specific characteristics of the tms (oxime)s such as mass distribution, syn/anti oximes ratios and elution order proved to be associated with their reducing or non reducing ch ...	2011	21924428
characterization of volatile components of tea flowers (camellia sinensis) growing in kangra by gc/ms.	volatile flavour components of tea flowers (camellia sinensis) were isolated by two methods viz. simultaneous distillation extraction (sde), supercritical fluid extraction (sfe), analyzed by gc and gc/ms and compared with headspace analysis (hs). the composition of the volatile components extracted by the three methods differed considerably. in sfe, phenylethanol (14.7%), linalool (7.9%), (e)-linalool oxide furanoid (3.5%), epoxy linalool (1.6%), geraniol (2.3%) and hotrienol (1.5%) were major c ...	2011	21922925
melatonin contents in mulberry (morus spp.) leaves: effects of sample preparation, cultivar, leaf age and tea processing.	the effects of sample preparation, cultivar, leaf age and tea processing on melatonin content of mulberry (morus spp.) leaves were investigated. sample preparation using ultrasonic technique in combination with solid phase extraction resulted in high recovery rate (76%), when compared to homogenisation in combination with liquid-liquid extraction procedure (12% recovery rate). the melatonin contents in mulberry leaves harvested from three major cultivars (buriram 60, sakonnakhon and khunphai) gr ...	2011	25212150
identification of polyphenolic compounds and black tea extract as potent inhibitors of lipid membrane destabilization by aβ₄₂ aggregates.	amyloid-β (aβ) aggregation is a recognized key process in the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease (ad). misfolded aβ peptides self-assemble into higher-order oligomers that compromise membrane integrity, leading to synaptic degeneration and neuronal cell death. the main aim of this study was to explore whether small-molecule compounds and black tea extract can protect phospholipid membranes from disruption by aβ aggregates. we first established a robust protocol for aggregating aβ₄₂ peptides int ...	2011	21891862
evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and dna damage analyses.	theaflavins (tfs) are the dimers of a couple of epimerized catechins, which are specially formed during black tea fermentation. to explore the differences among four main tf derivatives (theaflavin (tf(1)), theaflavin-3-gallate (tf(2)a), theaflavin-3'-gallate (tf(2)b), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ros) in vitro, their properties of inhibiting superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical, and their effects on hydroxyl rad ...	2011	21887850
biomimetic one-pot preparation of a black tea polyphenol theasinensin a from epigallocatechin gallate by treatment with copper(ii) chloride and ascorbic acid.	chromatographic separation of black tea polyphenols is too difficult to supply sufficient quantities of pure compounds for biological experiments. thus, facile methods to prepare black tea constituents were desired. treatment of epigallocatechin gallate with copper(ii) chloride efficiently afforded an unstable quinone dimer, dehydrotheasinensin a, and subsequent treatment with ascorbic acid stereoselectively yielded theasinensin a. the latter is a dimer with an r-biphenyl bond, one of the major ...	2011	21881268
whitening effect of black tea water extract on brown guinea pig skin.	to evaluate the whitening effect of black tea water extract (bt), bt was topically applied to artificially hyperpigmented spots on the back skins of brown guinea-pigs (weight: 450~500 g) induced by 1,500 mj/ cm(2) of ultraviolet b (uvb) irradiation. the test compounds of 30 μl were applied twice a day, six days a week, for four weeks. the artificially hyperpigmented spots were divided into 5 groups: control (uvb + saline, c), vehicle control [uvb + propylene glycol: ethanol: water (5 : 3 : 2), v ...	2011	24278566
a genome-wide microarray highlights the antiinflammatory genes targeted by oolong tea theasinensin a in macrophages.	theasinensin a is one of the oolong tea theasinensins, which differ from green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins. in a previous study, we found that theasinesin a had a potential effect on antiinflammation since theasinensin a suppressed lps-induced cox2 and pge(2) production. to clarify the molecular mechanisms, we investigated the gene expression profiling in macrophage-like cells treated with theasinensin a through a genome-wide dna microarray in the present study. among 22,050 oligonuc ...	2011	21864060
anti-hyperglycemia properties of tea (camellia sinensis) bioactives using in vitro assay models and influence of extraction time.	tea (camellia sinensis) has well-known health benefits, which are attributed to its polyphenolic metabolites. this research explored the potential of regular tea consumption and influence of extraction time typically used in daily consumption of tea, as a therapeutic dietary support for potential management of early stage type 2 diabetes using in vitro assay models. extraction times of 2 and 5 minutes were compared. the 5-minute extraction time had significantly higher total phenolic content com ...	2011	21859352
intake of japanese and chinese teas reduces risk of parkinson's disease.	studies that have addressed the association between the intake of coffee or caffeine and parkinson's disease (pd) were conducted mainly in western countries. little is known about this relationship in an asian population. therefore, we performed an assessment of the association of the intake of coffee, other caffeine-containing beverages, and caffeine with the risk of pd in japan. the study involved 249 pd cases and 368 control subjects. information on dietary factors was obtained through a self ...	2011	21458354
review of liver injury associated with dietary supplements.	dietary supplements (ds) are easily available and increasingly used, and adverse hepatic reactions have been reported following their intake. to critically review the literature on liver injury because of dss, delineating patterns and mechanisms of injury and to increase the awareness towards this cause of acute and chronic liver damage. studies and case reports on liver injury specifically because of dss published between 1990 and 2010 were searched in the pubmed and embase data bases using the ...	2011	21457433
characterization of tea cultivated at four different altitudes using 1h nmr analysis coupled with multivariate statistics.	the taste of black tea differs according to the different areas in which the tea is grown, even for the same species of tea. a combination of (1)h nmr spectroscopy and partial least-squares discriminate analysis (pls-da) was used to assess the quality differences of tea leaves from four cultivation areas with different elevations, ran > 1800 m, uda = 1200 m, meda = 600 m, and yata < 300 m, in sri lanka. as a result of a statistical analysis, pls-da showed a separation between high- and low-quali ...	2011	21456619
inhibition and disaggregation of α-synuclein oligomers by natural polyphenolic compounds.	aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αs) into oligomers is critically involved in the pathogenesis of parkinson's disease (pd). using confocal single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, we have studied the effects of 14 naturally-occurring polyphenolic compounds and black tea extract on αs oligomer formation. we found that a selected group of polyphenols exhibited potent dose-dependent inhibitory activity on αs aggregation. moreover, they were also capable of robustly disaggregating pre-formed αs oli ...	2011	21443877
tea and cancer prevention: epidemiological studies.	experimental studies have consistently shown the inhibitory activities of tea extracts on tumorigenesis in multiple model systems. epidemiological studies, however, have produced inconclusive results in humans. a comprehensive review was conducted to assess the current knowledge on tea consumption and risk of cancers in humans. in general, consumption of black tea was not associated with lower risk of cancer. high intake of green tea was consistently associated with reduced risk of upper gastroi ...	2011	21419224
molecular binding of black tea theaflavins to biological membranes: relationship to bioactivities.	molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the interactions of three theaflavin compounds with lipid bilayers. experimental studies have linked theaflavins to beneficial health effects, some of which are related to interactions with the cell membrane. the molecular interaction of theaflavins with membranes was explored by simulating the interactions of three theaflavin molecules (theaflavin, theaflavin-3-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) with a mixed bilayer composed of 1-palmitoyl- ...	2011	21417313
green tea drinking is inversely associated with urinary incontinence in middle-aged and older women.	to investigate the association between green tea consumption and urinary incontinence among middle-aged and older women.	2011	21404319
cancer prevention by tea: evidence from laboratory studies.	the cancer preventive activities of tea (camellia sinensis theaceae) have been studied extensively. inhibition of tumorigenesis by green tea extracts and tea polyphenols has been demonstrated in different animal models, including those for cancers of the skin, lung, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, bladder, liver, pancreas, prostate, and mammary glands. many studies in cell lines have demonstrated the modulation of signal transduction and metabolic pathways by (-)-epigall ...	2011	21397027
aluminium and nutrients induce changes in the profiles of phenolic substances in tea plants (camellia sinensis cv ttes, no. 12 (tte)).	tea plants are always cultivated in acid soils in hilly regions and their growth can be dependent on to soluble aluminium (al). the mechanism of al detoxification and the influence of al on phenolic compounds (i.e. catechin) in the roots of tea plants has remained obscure. this study aimed to investigate the influence of al changes on the concentrations of phenolic substances in tea plants through hydroponic experiments.	2011	21384367
the chemistry and biotransformation of tea constituents.	tea (camellia sinensis, theaceae) is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. the three major types of tea, green tea, oolong tea, and black tea, differ in terms of the manufacture and chemical composition. there are numerous studies in humans, animal models, and cell lines to suggest potential health benefits from the consumption of tea, including prevention of cancer and heart diseases. many of the health benefits have been attributed to the polyphenolic constituents in tea. cat ...	2011	21371557
a novel method for quantitative determination of tea polysaccharide by resonance light scattering.	a new method for the determination of tea polysaccharide (tps) in green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves has been developed. the method was based on the enhancement of resonance light scattering (rls) of tps in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc)-naoh system. under the optimum conditions, the rls intensity of cpc was greatly enhanced by adding tps. the maximum peak of the enhanced rls spectra was located at 484.02 nm. the enhanced rls intensity was proportional to the concentration of t ...	2011	21571584
producing low-caffeine tea through post-transcriptional silencing of caffeine synthase mrna.	in this study, attempt has been made to produce a selected cultivar of tea with low-caffeine content using rnai technology. the caffeine biosynthetic pathway in tea has been proposed to involve three n-methyltransferases such as xanthosine methyltransferase, 7-n-methylxanthine methyltransferase and 3, 7-dimethylxanthine methyltransferase. last two steps of caffeine biosynthesis in tea have been known to be catalyzed by a bifunctional enzyme known as caffeine synthase. to suppress the caffeine sy ...	2011	21562910
the role of antioxidant versus pro-oxidant effects of green tea polyphenols in cancer prevention.	consumption of green tea (camellia sinensis) may provide protection against chronic diseases, including cancer. green tea polyphenols are believed to be responsible for this cancer preventive effect, and the antioxidant activity of the green tea polyphenols has been implicated as a potential mechanism. this hypothesis has been difficult to study in vivo due to metabolism of these compounds and poor understanding of the redox environment in vivo. green tea polyphenols can be direct antioxidants b ...	2011	21538850
structural characterization and antioxidant activities of 2 water-soluble polysaccharide fractions purified from tea (camellia sinensis) flower.	the water-soluble crude polysaccharide tea flower polysaccharide (tfp), obtained from tea (camellia sinensis) flower by boiling-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, was fractionated by sephadex g-100 column chromatography, giving 2 polysaccharide fractions termed tfp-1 and tfp-2. the structural features of tfp-1 and tfp-2 were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), gel-permeation chromatography (gpc), rheometer, infrared (ir) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (nm ...	2011	21535815
effect of girdling at various positions of 'huang zhi xiang' tea tree (camellia sinensis) on the contents of catechins and starch in fresh leaf.	the contents of starch and catechins in the fresh leaf of 'huang zhi xiang' oolong tea trees girdled at the bottom, middle (on the big branches) and top (on the small branches) were determined. the study demonstrated that the starch contents from girdled trees were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that from non-girdled ones. furthermore, the contents of (-)-epicatechin (ec), (-)-epigallocatechin (egc), total catechins (tc) and simple catechins (sc) from girdled trees were significantly higher ...	2011	21523413
a novel synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic approach for the rapid determination of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea with simple microwave-assisted pretreatment of sample.	many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are carcinogenic, and some have been reported to be present in tea. people can be exposed to pahs through tea consumption. therefore, there is real importance for the determination of pahs in tea. because of the complex matrix of tea, it is hard to detect pahs in tea without cleanup and chromatographic separation procedures. in this research, for the first time, a novel synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic approach coupling nonlinear variable-angle ...	2011	21520950
inhibition of citral degradation by oil-in-water nanoemulsions combined with antioxidants.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions combined with six different natural antioxidants on the stability of citral. acidic emulsions (lecithin-stabilized palm kernel lipid in ph 3 buffer) containing 1000 ppm citral and 1000 ppm antioxidants (black tea extract, ascorbic acid, naringenin, tangeretin, β-carotene, and tanshinone) were stored at 25 and 50 °c, respectively. the emulsions with and without antioxidants were analyzed by solid phase ...	2011	21517071
constituents of the green tea seeds of camellia sinensis.	green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves are known to contain active ingredients such as catechins and caffeine, and are widely useful materials. recently, green tea flowers also have been in the spotlight. however, little attention has been paid to the tea seeds. in this work, the constituents of green tea seeds and green tea leaves were compared. caffeine was found in the seeds, whereas catechins (usually obtained from green tea leaves) were not observed. next, we investigated the constituents of ...	2011	21485277
identification of differentially expressed genes in dormant (banjhi) bud of tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) using subtractive hybridization approach.	growth regulation associated with dormancy is an essential element in plant's life cycle that leads to changes in expression of large number of genes. forward and reverse suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) libraries were developed to identify and characterize the genes associated with bud (banjhi) dormancy in tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze). efficiency of subtraction was confirmed by comparing the abundance of β-actin gene. a total of 17 and 45 unique sequences were obtained from ...	2011	21481598
anthocyanins from new red leaf tea 'sunrouge'.	new red leaf tea cultivar 'sunrouge' (camellia taliensis × camellia sinensis), for which an application for registration was made in 2009, is an anthocyanin-rich tea. the anthocyanin content of 'sunrouge' was the highest among 4 tea cultivars, and was 8.4 times higher than that of 'yabukita'. we purified and isolated 6 anthocyanins from 'sunrouge' by chromatography, and identified them by lc/ms/ms and nmr analysis. as a result, the four anthocyanins were identified as delphinidin-3-o-β-d-(6-(e)- ...	2011	21480597
neuroprotective effects of theanine and its preventive effects on cognitive dysfunction.	theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide) characteristically present in tea leaves (camellia sinensis). it has a similar chemical structure to glutamate, which is a neurotransmitter related to memory. theanine passes through the blood-brain barrier and has been shown to have a cerebroprotective effect and a preventive effect on neuronal cell death after transient cerebral ischemia. the neuroprotective effect is partly due to the antagonistic action of theanine on glutamate receptor subtype ampa and kainat ...	2011	21477654
skeletal fluorosis from brewed tea.	high fluoride ion (f(-)) levels are found in many surface and well waters. drinking f(-)-contaminated water typically explains endemic skeletal fluorosis (sf). in some regions of asia, however, poor quality "brick tea" also causes this disorder. the plant source of brick, black, green, orange pekoe, and oolong tea, camellia sinensis, can contain substantial amounts of f(-). exposure to 20 mg f(-) per day for 20 yr of adult life is expected to cause symptomatic sf. high f(-) levels stimulate oste ...	2011	21593111
root release and metabolism of organic acids in tea plants in response to phosphorus supply.	self-rooted, 10-month-old, uniform tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze cv. huangguanyin] plants were supplied for 17 weeks with 0, 40, 80, 160, 400, or 1000μm phosphorus (p) to investigate the effects of p supply on root citrate and malate release, the concentrations of malate and citrate and the activities of acid-metabolizing enzymes in leaves and roots. root malate release and accumulation was induced by both 0 and 40μm p, while root citrate release and accumulation was induced only by 0μm ...	2011	21315475
black and green tea consumption and the risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis.	epidemiologic studies are inconsistent regarding the association between tea consumption and the risk of coronary artery disease (cad).	2011	21248184
construction, characterization, and preliminary bac-end sequence analysis of a bacterial artificial chromosome library of the tea plant (camellia sinensis).	we describe the construction and characterization of a publicly available bac library for the tea plant, camellia sinensis. using modified methods, the library was constructed with the aim of developing public molecular resources to advance tea plant genomics research. the library consists of a total of 401,280 clones with an average insert size of 135 kb, providing an approximate coverage of 13.5 haploid genome equivalents. no empty vector clones were observed in a random sampling of 576 bac cl ...	2011	21234344