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kannurin, a novel lipopeptide from bacillus cereus strain ak1: isolation, structural evaluation and antifungal activities.this study was performed to isolate and characterize novel antifungal lipopeptide from bacillus cereus.201323937170
summertime bacillus cereus colonization of hospital newborns traced to contaminated, laundered linen.routine screening of premature newborns for haemolytic streptococci, staphylococcus aureus and enteric gram-negative bacteria done at birth using umbilical swabs identified clustering of babies colonized with bacillus cereus in summers of 2009 and 2010 at a 400-bedded uk general hospital.201323927924
bioactive metabolites from an endophytic cryptosporiopsis sp. inhabiting clidemia hirta.an endophytic cryptosporiopsis sp. was isolated from clidemia hirta and analyzed for its secondary metabolites that lead to the isolation of three bioactive molecules. the compounds were purified from the culture broth of the fungus and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods as (r)-5-hydroxy-2-methylchroman-4-one (1), 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)pentan-1-one (2) and (z)-1-(2-(2-butyryl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybut-2-en-1-one (3). compound 1 exhibited significant ...201323870821
effects of lipid emulsion and multivitamins on the growth of microorganisms in peripheral parenteral nutrition solutions.blood stream infections caused by bacillus cereus or serratia marcescens in patients receiving peripheral parenteral nutrition (ppn) have occasionally been reported in japan, but these microorganisms are not major causes of blood stream infections in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition via a central venous catheter. in japan, commercially available ppn solutions contain amino acids, glucose, and electrolytes, but not contain lipid emulsion (le) and multivitamins (mv). in this study, th ...201323869182
live-cell imaging tool optimization to study gene expression levels and dynamics in single cells of bacillus cereus.single-cell methods are a powerful application in microbial research to study the molecular mechanism underlying phenotypic heterogeneity and cell-to-cell variability. here, we describe the optimization and application of single-cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy for the food spoilage bacterium bacillus cereus specifically. this technique is useful to study cellular development and adaptation, gene expression, protein localization, protein mobility, and cell-to-cell communication over time ...201323851094
purification and characterization of two polyhydroxyalcanoates from bacillus cereus.this work aimed to study the potential of 155 strains of bacillus sp., isolated from a collection of tunisian microorganisms, for polyhydroxyalcanoates production. the strains were submitted to a battery of standard tests commonly used for determining bioplastic properties. the findings revealed that two of the isolates, namely bacillus us 163 and us 177, provided red excitations at a wavelength of approximately 543 nm. the polyhydroxyalcanoates produced by the two strains were purified. gas chr ...201323850680
short communication: presence of neutral metallopeptidase (npr) gene and proteolytic activity of bacillus cereus isolated from dairy products.the control of proteolytic microorganisms is one of the main challenges of the dairy industry, due to their spoilage activity that jeopardizes the quality of their products. seventy-four bacillus cereus strains isolated from powdered, uht, and pasteurized milks were tested for the presence of the neutral metallopeptidase (npr) gene and proteolytic activity at 7, 10, 25, 30, and 37°c. all strains had the npr gene, and proteolytic activity increased with the incubation temperature. the obtained re ...201323849645
characterization and application of enterocin rm6, a bacteriocin from enterococcus faecalis.use of bacteriocins in food preservation has received great attention in recent years. the goal of this study is to characterize enterocin rm6 from enterococcus faecalis osy-rm6 and investigate its efficacy against listeria monocytogenes in cottage cheese. enterocin rm6 was purified from e. faecalis culture supernatant using ion exchange column, multiple c18-silica cartridges, followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the molecular weight of enterocin rm6 is 7145.0823 as ...201323844357
antimicrobial potential of flavoring ingredients against bacillus cereus in a milk-based beverage.natural ingredients--cinnamon, cocoa, vanilla, and anise--were assessed based on bacillus cereus vegetative cell growth inhibition in a mixed liquid whole egg and skim milk beverage (lwe-sm), under different conditions: ingredient concentration (1, 2.5, and 5% [wt/vol]) and incubation temperature (5, 10, and 22 °c). according to the results obtained, ingredients significantly (p<0.05) reduced bacterial growth when supplementing the lwe-sm beverage. b. cereus behavior was mathematically described ...201323909775
draft genome sequence of bacillus cereus strain f, isolated from ancient permafrost.bacillus cereus strain f was isolated and cultured from a sample of permafrost, aged presumably about 3 million years, on the mammoth mountain (62°56'n, 133°59'e). these genome data provide the basis to investigate bacillus cereus f, identified as a long-term survivor of the extremely cold and close environment.201323908292
[diarrhoea and oedema in two show horses after feeding a pelleted supplemental feed for horses according to vdlufa's perspective of microbial quality classified as safe for use in horses].a new batch of a supplemental feed was fed as pellets (diameter 8 mm) to two warmblood-type horses. one horse developed watery diarrhoea within two days. pronounced oedema due to hypalbuminemia was seen about ten days later. the feed was replaced by pellets of identical composition and mixing process, but lower diameter (5 mm). after one week of feeding, oedema regressed and faeces were normally formed. at refeeding the larger sized pellets, the symptoms recurred, but now both horses were affect ...201323901590
antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents of leaf extracts of cassia auriculata.plants produce a wide variety of phytochemical constituents, which are secondary metabolites and are used either directly or indirectly in the pharmaceutical industry. 'for centuries, man has effectively used various components of plants or their extracts for the treatment of many diseases, including bacterial infections. in the present study methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts of cassia auriculata leaf were subjected for antimicrobial activity by well-diffusion method against six bacteria ...201323901174
bacterial contamination of iranian paper currency.transmission of human pathogens can be occurred via inert objects. paper currency is a further common contact surface whereby pathogens can be transferred within a population although the significance remains unknown. hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate microbial populations associated with iranian paper currency.201326060669
synthesis, spectral, and in vitro antibacterial studies of organosilicon(iv) complexes with schiff bases derived from amino acids.the present work stems from our interest in the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of organosilicon(iv) complexes of a class of amino-acid-based schiff base which have been prepared by the interaction of ethoxytrimethylsilane with the schiff bases (n oh) in 1 : 1 molar ratio. these complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, and spectroscopic studies including electronic ir and nmr ((1)h, (13)c, and (29)si) spectroscopy. the analytical and s ...201323983671
in pursuit of protein targets: proteomic characterization of bacterial spore outer layers.bacillus cereus, responsible for food poisoning, and clostridium difficile, the causative agent of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), are both spore-forming pathogens involved in food spoilage, food intoxication, and other infections in humans and animals. the proteinaceous coat and the exosporium layers from spores are important for their resistance and pathogenicity characteristics. the exosporium additionally provides an ability to adhere to surfaces eventually leading to spore ...201323998435
sepsis and meningoencephalitis caused by bacillus cereus in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.we herein report the findings of a case of myelodysplastic syndrome that was complicated by septicemia and meningoencephalitis, both of which were caused by bacillus cereus. in contrast to all of the previous cases of b. cereus that have been seen at our institution, this patient did not have any invasive devices, such as a central venous catheter, that could have acted as a conduit for a b. cereus infection. although b. cereus-induced meningoencephalitis is often lethal, the immediate treatment ...201323994997
combination of extracts from aristolochia cymbifera with streptomycin as a potential antibacterial drug.the appearance of new antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a societal problem that requires the development of new alternative treatments. therefore, this work evaluated the antibacterial activity of ethanolic (ehi), dichloromethanic (edi) and hexanic (ehe) extracts from aristolochia cymbifera stems and the combination of these extracts with an antimicrobial drug to develop a new antibacterial therapy. the edi, ehe and ehi extracts were obtained by maceration using three different solvents. the mini ...201324040585
structure of the nhea component of the nhe toxin from bacillus cereus: implications for function.the structure of nhea, a component of the bacillus cereus nhe tripartite toxin, has been solved at 2.05 å resolution using selenomethionine multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion (mad). the structure shows it to have a fold that is similar to the bacillus cereus hbl-b and e. coli clya toxins, and it is therefore a member of the clya superfamily of α-helical pore forming toxins (α-pfts), although its head domain is significantly enlarged compared with those of clya or hbl-b. the hydrophobic β-h ...201324040335
biosorption of as (iii) by non-living biomass of an arsenic-hypertolerant bacillus cereus strain sz2 isolated from a gold mining environment: equilibrium and kinetic study.the ability of non-living biomass of an arsenic-hypertolerant bacillus cereus strain sz2 isolated from a gold mining environment to adsorb as (iii) from aqueous solution in batch experiments was investigated as a function of contact time, initial as (iii) concentration, ph, temperature and biomass dosage. langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better in comparison to freundlich isotherm. the maximum biosorption capacity of the sorbent, as obtained from the langmuir isotherm, was 153.41 mg/g. ...201324037600
skin preparation before hip replacement in emergency setting versus elective scheduled arthroplasty: bacteriological comparative analysis.hip arthroplasty needs to be performed in an emergency setting after intracapsular femur neck fracture, whereas pain makes preoperative skin preparation of the limb difficult and it may therefore be incomplete. to date no study has analyzed the patient's skin bacteriological status in these surgical conditions.201324029588
a quantitative microbiological exposure assessment model for bacillus cereus in repfeds.one of the pathogens of concern in refrigerated and processed foods of extended durability (repfed) is psychrotrophic bacillus cereus, because of its ability to survive pasteurisation and grow at low temperatures. in this study a quantitative microbiological exposure assessment (qmea) of psychrotrophic b. cereus in repfeds is presented. the goal is to quantify (i) the prevalence and concentration of b. cereus during production and shelf life, (ii) the number of packages with potential emetic tox ...201324029028
[identification of a denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organism (dpao) and study on its denitrifying functional genes].a denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organism (dpao) was isolated and identified, and the denitrifying functional genes were investigated. the strain zqn2 was isolated using denitrifying medium. it was distinguished as dpao by tests of aerobic phosphorus uptake, nitrate reduction, metachromatic granules and phb (poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate) granules dyeing. test of anaerobic phosphorus release/anoxic phosphorus uptake showed that strain zqn2 released phosphorus and synthesized phb at the anae ...201324028026
durable contact active antimicrobial materials formed by a one-step covalent modification of polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose and glass surfaces.in this work we have applied a direct covalent linkage of quaternary ammonium salts (qas) to prepare a series of contact active antimicrobial surfaces based on widely utilized materials. formation of antimicrobial polyvinyl alcohol (pva-qas), cellulose (cellulose-qas) and glass (glass-qas) surfaces was achieved by one step synthesis with no auxiliary linkers. the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) revealed tridentate binding mode of the antimicrobial agent. the antimicrobial activity of the ...201324012705
unsaturated fatty acids from food and in the growth medium improve growth of bacillus cereus under cold and anaerobic conditions.in a chemically defined medium and in luria broth, cold strongly reduced maximal population density of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 in anaerobiosis and caused formation of filaments. in cooked spinach, maximal population density of b. cereus in anaerobiosis was the same at cold and optimal temperatures, with normal cell divisions. the lipid containing fraction of spinach, but not the hydrophilic fraction, restored growth of b. cereus under cold and anaerobiosis when added to the chemically defined ...201324010589
pgiak1, a heavy metal resistant plasmid from an obligate alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from the antarctic concordia station confined environment.pgiak1 is a 38-kb plasmid originating from the obligate alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacillaceae strain jmak1. the strain was originally isolated from the confined environments of the antarctic concordia station. analysis of the pgiak1 38,362-bp sequence revealed that, in addition to its replication region, this plasmid contains the genetic determinants for cadmium and arsenic resistances, putative methyltransferase, tyrosine recombinase, spore coat protein and potassium transport protein, as w ...201324009682
structural and chemical aspects of resistance to the antibiotic fosfomycin conferred by fosb from bacillus cereus.the fosfomycin resistance enzymes, fosb, from gram-positive organisms, are m(2+)-dependent thiol tranferases that catalyze nucleophilic addition of either l-cysteine (l-cys) or bacillithiol (bsh) to the antibiotic, resulting in a modified compound with no bacteriacidal properties. here we report the structural and functional characterization of fosb from bacillus cereus (fosb(bc)). the overall structure of fosb(bc), at 1.27 å resolution, reveals that the enzyme belongs to the vicinal oxygen chel ...201324004181
synthesis and characterization of novel organocobaloximes as potential catecholase and antimicrobial activity agents.an asymmetric, potentially bidentate dioxime ligand (h₂l) was formed by condensation of 4-biphenylchloroglyoxime and napthyl-1-amine. two equivalents of h₂l were reacted with cocl₂  · 6h₂o under appropriate conditions with deprotonation of the dioxime ligand. a series of new organocobaloxime derivatives of the type [cor(hl)₂py], [corl₂pyb₂f₄], and [corl₂py(cu(phen))₂] (h₂l = 4-(napthyl-1-amino)biphenylglyoxime; phen = 1,10-phenathroline; r = izopropyl and benzyl; py = pyridine) were synthesized. ...201324003018
yaxab, a yersinia enterocolitica pore-forming toxin regulated by rova.the transcriptional regulator rova positively regulates transcription of the yersinia enterocolitica virulence gene inv. invasin, encoded by inv, is important for establishment of y. enterocolitica infection. however, a rova mutant is more attenuated for virulence than an inv mutant, implying that rova regulates additional virulence genes. when the y. enterocolitica rova regulon was defined by microarray analysis, ye1984 and ye1985 were among the genes identified as being upregulated by rova. si ...201324002058
nisin-activated hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces: assessment of peptide adsorption and antibacterial activity against some food pathogens.an effective antimicrobial packaging or food contact surface should be able to kill or inhibit micro-organisms that cause food-borne illnesses. setting up such systems, by nisin adsorption on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, is still a matter of debate. for this purpose, nisin was adsorbed on two types of low-density polyethylene: the hydrophobic native film and the hydrophilic acrylic acid-treated surface. the antibacterial activity was compared for those two films and it was highly depend ...201324092009
gene transcription from the linear plasmid pbclin15 leads to cell lysis and extracellular dna-dependent aggregation of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 in response to quinolone-induced stress.the bacillus cereus type strain atcc 14579 harbours pbclin15, a linear plasmid with similar genome organization to tectiviruses. since phage morphogenesis is not known to occur it has been suggested that pbclin15 may be a defect relic of a tectiviral prophage without relevance for the bacterial physiology. however, in this paper, we demonstrate that a pbclin15-cured strain is more tolerant to antibiotics interfering with dna integrity than the wt strain. growth in the presence of crystal violet ...201324002748
in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of mesua beccariana (baill.) kosterm., mesua ferrea linn., and mesua congestiflora extracts.the in vitro cytotoxicity tests on the extracts of mesua beccariana, m. ferrea, and m. congestiflora against raji, snu-1, hela, ls-174t, nci-h23, sk-mel-28, hep-g2, imr-32, and k562 were achieved using mtt assay. the methanol extracts of mesua beccariana showed its potency towards the proliferation of b-lymphoma cell (raji). in addition, only the nonpolar to semipolar extracts (hexane to ethyl acetate) of the three mesua species indicated cytotoxic effects on the tested panel of human cancer cel ...201324089682
biodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) by a metal resistant strain, bacillus cereus jp12.a metal resistant bacterial strain, bacillus cereus jp12, could use decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) as the sole carbon and energy source for growth in mineral salt medium. under the conditions of ph 6.0, 30°c, 150 rpm and an inoculum of od600=0.6, more than 88% of the initial bde-209 (1mg/l) was degraded after 12 days. the addition of appropriate surfactants and additional carbon sources could enhance the biodegradation efficiency of bde-209. the presence of cu(2+) (≤ 8 mg/l) and zn(2+) (≤ 15 ...201324084199
diversity of endophytic bacteria in medicinally important nepenthes species.nepenthes species are used in traditional medicines to treat various health ailments. however, we do not know which types of endophytic bacteria (eb) are associated with nepenthes spp.201324082746
chemical composition and biological activity of conyza bonariensis essential oil collected in mérida, venezuela.the essential oil from aerial parts of conyza bonariensis (l) cronquist collected in mérida was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gc/ms. the major components were trans-beta-farnesene (37.8%), trans-ocimene (20.7%) and beta-sesquiphellandrene (9.8%). cytotoxicity assay was also performed with the essential oil against hela (cervix carcinoma), a-459 (lung carcinoma) and mcf-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) human cell lines and against normal vero cells (african green monkey kidney) with ic50 ...201324079198
viability of calcifying bacterial formulations in fly ash for applications in building materials.evidence of bacterial involvement in precipitation of calcium carbonates has brought a revolution in the field of applied microbiology, geotechnical sciences, environmental and civil engineering with its marked success in restoration of various building materials. for applications of these calcite binder-producing bacterial cultures, different expensive carrier materials have been used but their high costs have come in the way of their successful commercialization. in the present study, we have ...201324065359
antimicrobial property of extracts of indian lichen against human pathogenic bacteria.context. usnea ghattensis g. awasthi (usneaceae) endemic fruticose lichen found growing luxuriantly in northern western ghats of india, it also contains usnic acid as a major chemical and tested against some human pathogenic bacteria. objective. to explore antimicrobial properties of usnea ghattensis against some human pathogenic bacteria. materials and methods. the lichen was extracted in acetone, methanol, and ethanol. in vitro antimicrobial activity was tested initially by kirby-bauer techniq ...201324062769
pcr detection of cytk gene in bacillus cereus group strains isolated from food samples.a method for detection of the cytotoxin k cytk structural gene and its active promoter preceded by the plcr-binding box, controlling the expression level of this enterotoxin, was developed. the method was applied for the purpose of the analysis of 47 bacterial strains belonging to the bacillus cereus group isolated from different food products. it was found that the majority of the analyzed strains carried the fully functional cytk gene with its plcr regulated promoter. the cytk gene was not det ...201324060693
solution structures of the bacillus cereus metallo-β-lactamase bcii and its complex with the broad spectrum inhibitor r-thiomandelic acid.metallo-β-lactamases, enzymes which inactivate β-lactam antibiotics, are of increasing biological and clinical significance as a source of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. in the present study we describe the high-resolution solution nmr structures of the bacillus cereus metallo-β-lactamase bcii and of its complex with r-thiomandelic acid, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of metallo-β-lactamases. this is the first reported solution structure of any metallo-β-lactamase. there are differenc ...201324059435
new derivatives of salicylamides: preparation and antimicrobial activity against various bacterial species.three series of salicylanilides, esters of n-phenylsalicylamides and 2-hydroxy-n-[1-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)-1-oxoalkan-2-yl]benzamides, in total thirty target compounds were synthesized and characterized. the compounds were evaluated against seven bacterial and three mycobacterial strains. the antimicrobial activities of some compounds were comparable or higher than the standards ampicillin, ciprofloxacin or isoniazid. derivatives 3f demonstrated high biological activity against staphylococcus au ...201324045008
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of polyhalobenzonitrile quinazolin-4(3h)-one derivatives.a novel series of polyhalobenzonitrile quinazolin-4(3h)-one derivatives were synthesized and characterized by nmr, ir, ms, and hrms spectra. all of the newly prepared compounds were screened for antimicrobial activities against four strains of bacteria (gram-positive bacterial: staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus; gram-negative bacterial: escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one strain of fungi (candida albicans). among the synthesized compounds, 5-(dimethylamino)-8-(2,4,5-tric ...201324044873
the relative importance of competition and predation in environment characterized by resource pulses--an experimental test with a microbial community.resource availability and predation are believed to affect community dynamics and composition. although the effects of resource availability and predation on prey communities are usually studied in isolation, these factors can also have interactive effects, especially since the outcome of competition under shared predation is expected to depend on resource availability. however, there are few experimental studies that test the interactive roles of resources and predation on dynamics of more comp ...201324139511
toxin producing bacillus cereus persist in ready-to-reheat spaghetti bolognese mainly in vegetative state.the potential of bacillus cereus to cause a diarrheal toxico-infection is related to its ability to perform de novo enterotoxin production in the small intestine. a prerequisite for this is presence of sufficient numbers of b. cereus that have survived gastro-intestinal passage. it is known that the percentage of survival is much smaller for vegetative cells in comparison to spores and it is therefore important to know the state in which b. cereus is ingested. the results of the current study pe ...201324129156
bacillus cereus var. toyoi modulates the immune reaction and reduces the occurrence of diarrhea in piglets challenged with salmonella typhimurium dt104.a feeding trial with sows and their piglets was performed with the probiotic feed additive bacillus cereus var. toyoi in two consecutive experimental periods. sows (n = 8) were allocated into treatment (bc) and control (co) groups. sows of bc group (n = 4) were fed 3.14 × 10(5) cfu/g bacillus cereus var. toyoi with the diet from d 87 of pregnancy on. their piglets received bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplemented feed (8.7 × 10(5) cfu/g) starting on d 14 of life and further on after weaning (6.5 ...201324126275
an alkenylresorcinol derivative from hakea sericea fruits and their antimicrobial activity.hakea sericea has been introduced to portugal for ornamental purposes. the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant, antibacterial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic properties of this shrub species have been previously reported. the present work describes the bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude methanolic extract of h. sericea fruits and the isolation of 9-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)nona-3(z)-enoic acid. the structure of this new compound was established by one- and two-dimensional nmr a ...201324354201
lipids, proteins, phenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of seeds of peanuts (arachis hypogaea l) cultivated in tunisia.fatty acid composition of peanut seed oil in four varieties cultivated in tunisia showed that linoleic (c18:2), oleic (c18:1) and palmitic (c16) acids account for more than 84% for chounfakhi and massriya and for more than 85% of the total fatty acids of trabilsia and sinya seed oil respectively. seed oil contents were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) and did not exceed 48%. the study of total phenolics revealed that chounfakhi contained more total phenolics (2.1 mg gae/g dw), followed by the ...201324346073
equilibrium selectivity alone does not create k+-selective ion conduction in k+ channels.potassium (k(+)) channels are selective for k(+) over na(+) ions during their transport across membranes. we and others have previously shown that tetrameric k(+) channels are primarily occupied by k(+) ions in their selectivity filters under physiological conditions, demonstrating the channel's intrinsic equilibrium preference for k(+) ions. based on this observation, we hypothesize that the preference for k(+) ions over na(+) ions in the filter determines its selectivity during ion conduction. ...201324217508
synergy of antibacterial and antioxidant activities from crude extracts and peptides of selected plant mixture.a plant mixture containing indigenous australian plants was examined for synergistic antimicrobial activity using selected test microorganisms. this study aims to investigate antibacterial activities, antioxidant potential and the content of phenolic compounds in aqueous, ethanolic and peptide extracts of plant mixture.201324330547
a new bis-labdanic diterpene from the rhizomes of alpinia pahangensis.the rhizomes of alpinia pahangensis yielded a new bis-labdanic diterpene for which the name pahangensin c (1) was proposed along with twelve known analogues (2-13). the structure of 1 was elucidated via spectroscopic methods including 1d and 2d nmr techniques and lcms-it-tof analysis. compounds 2 and 12 were isolated for the first time from the genus alpinia. this is the second occurrence of compounds 2 and 12 in the zingiberaceae family. selected analogues exhibited moderate to strong inhibitor ...201324356874
lessons learnt from a birthday party: a bacillus cereus outbreak, bari, italy, january 2012.bacillus cereus, a ubiquitous bacterium, can be isolated in various starchy food items, causing both emetic and diarrhoeal disease. the real burden of b. cereus outbreaks is actually poorly known in italy. we report a b. cereus foodborne outbreak that occurred in a pub in bari (italy) on january 22nd 2012 during a birthday party, promptly reported by the pub owner.201324334785
detection of emetic bacillus cereus by real-time pcr in foods.the simplex real-time pcr assays based on the taqman probe and sybr green i， which target cereulide synthetase genes (ces genes) were used for rapidly, reliably and sensitively identifying the emetic strains from among bacillus cereus strains isolated from different sources. only the emetic strains showed positive reactions to the real-time pcr assays, but all examined strains of diarrheal b. cereus, other bacillus species and other gram positive and negative bacteria gave negative results. the ...201324366630
psp: rapid identification of orthologous coding genes under positive selection across multiple closely related prokaryotic genomes.with genomic sequences of many closely related bacterial strains made available by deep sequencing, it is now possible to investigate trends in prokaryotic microevolution. positive selection is a sub-process of microevolution, in which a particular mutation is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction. wide scanning of prokaryotic genomes has shown that positive selection at the molecular level is much more frequent than expected. genes with significant positiv ...201324373418
differential regulation and activity against oxidative stress of dps proteins in bacillus cereus.in this study, the sequence similarity, structure, ferroxidase activity and efficacy in antagonizing oxidative stress of three dps-like proteins, dps1, dps2 and dps3, encoded by bacillus cereus were comparatively analyzed. the three dps-like proteins are homologous to other bacterial dps proteins that exhibit ferroxidase activity. both dps1 and dps2 have a typical dps spherical structure, but dps3 has a unique filamentous structure. several dps mutant strains were generated to investigate the fu ...201324383075
synergistic action of cinnamaldehyde with silver nanoparticles against spore-forming bacteria: a case for judicious use of silver nanoparticles for antibacterial applications.silver has long been advocated as an effective antimicrobial. however, toxicity issues with silver have led to limited use of silver in nanoform, especially for food preservation. with the aim of exploring combinatorial options that could increase the antibacterial potency of silver nanoparticles and reduce the effective dosage of silver, we evaluated the extent of synergy that a combination of silver nanoparticles and an essential oil representative (cinnamaldehyde) could offer. a battery of gr ...201324376352
effects of aronia melanocarpa constituents on biofilm formation of escherichia coli and bacillus cereus.many bacteria growing on surfaces form biofilms. adaptive and genetic changes of the microorganisms in this structure make them resistant to antimicrobial agents. biofilm-forming organisms on medical devices can pose serious threats to human health. thus, there is a need for novel prevention and treatment strategies. this study aimed to evaluate the ability of aronia melanocarpa extracts, subfractions and compounds to prevent biofilm formation and to inhibit bacterial growth of escherichia coli ...201324317526
effects of methanol extract of wedelia chinensis osbeck (asteraceae) leaves against pathogenic bacteria with emphasise on bacillus cereus.the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of wedelia chinensis leave was studied and tested against three pathogenic gram positive bacteria (bacillus cereus, b. subtilis and stapylococcus aureus) and three pathogenic gram negative bacteria (escherichia coli, proteus rettgeri and pseudomonas aeruginosa) by the disk diffusion assay and broth dilution methods. the extract exhibited favourable antibacterial activity against the bacterial cells but was more potent against gram positive bacte ...201324403653
synthesis of novel 2-(substituted amino)alkylthiopyrimidin-4(3h)-ones as potential antimicrobial agents.5-alkyl-6-(substituted benzyl)-2-thiouracils 3a,c were reacted with (2-chloroethyl) diethylamine hydrochloride to afford the corresponding 2-(2-diethylamino)ethylthiopyrimidin- 4(3h)-ones 4a,b. reaction of 3a-c with n-(2-chloroethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride and/or n-(2-chloroethyl)piperidine hydrochloride gave the corresponding 2-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]-thiopyrimidin-4(3h)-ones 5a-c and 2-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]thiopyrimidin-4(3h)-ones 6a,b, respectively. treatment of 3a-d with n-(2-chloro ...201324378967
impact of donor arm cleaning with different aseptic solutions for prevention of contamination in blood bags.transfusion associated sepsis cases are encountered occasionally and bacterial transmission remains the major cause. the goal of our study was to compare the efficacy of disinfectants in phlebotomy site preparation. after selection of donor the antecubital fossa area of the arm was disinfected with different types of disinfectants namely sprit (70% isopropyl alcohol), povidone iodine (0.5% w/v available iodine in distilled water), savlon (1.5% v/v chlorhexidine gluconate solution and 3.0% cetrim ...201324426327
microbial treatment for prevention and removal of paraffin deposition on the walls of crude pipelines.two bacterial strains, paraffin removal strain and biosurfactant-producing strain, named bhj-1 and qfl-1, were isolated from oil production wells in daqing oilfield of china. they were subsequently identified as bacillus cereus qau68 and bacillus subtilis xccx, respectively. as an indicator of the degradation paraffin, the inoculum concentration of bhj-1 and qfl-1 were added in different proportions, the optimum proportion was 5:2. in this proportion the degradation rate of paraffin could reach ...201324426154
impact of lactococcus lactis spp. lactis bio adhesion on pathogenic bacillus cereus biofilm on silicone flowing system.bacillus cereus is a food pathogen that can attach on most of the surfaces and form biofilms, which facilitate the persistence and resistance toward antimicrobials. the aims of this study were (i) to characterize the structural dynamics of b. cereus sessile growth in two nutritional environments (with or without a nutrient flow), and (ii) to evaluate the impact of bio adhesion of lactococcus lactis on b. cereus biofilm. significantly greater biofilm volume and thickness were observed under dynam ...201324426121
biosynthesis and characterization of mercury sulphide nanoparticles produced by bacillus cereus mrs-1.mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal accumulated in the environment, which can be detoxified by reducing hg2+ to non toxic form. bacteria resistant to toxic metals and capable of converting them into non toxic forms have a direct application in the bioremediation of contaminated sites. in this study, mercury resistant strain bacillus cereus mrs-1 was isolated from electroplating industrial effluent. this strain exhibited the ability to convert mercury into extracellular sulphide nanoparticles o ...201324416933
[clinical characteristics and resistance of wound surface infections causing by bacillus cereus in the department of orthopaedics].to study clinical characteristics and resistance of wound surface infections, so as to guide clinical diagnosis and rational administration.201324416908
novel antibacterial activity of lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis z11 isolated from zabady.the purpose of this study was to select and characterize a probiotic bacterium with distinctive antimicrobial activities. in this respect, lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis z11 (l. lactis z11) isolated from zabady (arabian yoghurt) inhibited other strains of lactic acid bacteria and some food-born pathogens including listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus. the inhibitory activity of cell free supernatant (cfs) of l. lactis z11 isolated from zabady was lost by proteo ...201324151453
antibacterial activity of phyllantus emblica, coriandrum sativum, culinaris medic, lawsonia alba and cucumis sativus.present study deals with the demonstration of the antibacterial activity of very common medicinal plants of pakistani origin i.e., phyllantus emblica, coriandrum sativum, culinaris medic, lawsonia alba and cucumis sativus. the extracts were prepared in crude form by the use of hydro-alcoholic solution and were screened for antibacterial activity against various bacterial species by disk diffusion method. assay was performed using clinical isolates of b. cereus, s. aureus, p. aeruginosa and e. co ...201324147363
pahangensin a and b, two new antibacterial diterpenes from the rhizomes of alpinia pahangensis ridley.the rhizomes of alpinia pahangensis ridley yielded a new bis-labdanic diterpene for which the name pahangensin a (1) was proposed along with a new labdane diterpene, pahangensin b (2). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including, 1d and 2d nmr techniques and lcms-it-tof analysis. pahangensin a (1) was found to be an antibacterial agent against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis with mic values less than 100 μg/ml, respectively. pahangensin b (2) ...201324144849
physical chemical and biological characterization of a new bacteriocin produced by bacillus cereus ns02.to screen the bacteriocinogenic isolate from buffalo milk and to characterize it on physical, chemical and biological aspects for the application in biopreservation.201324144023
characterization of a cold-active β-glucosidase from paenibacillus xylanilyticus kj-03 capable of hydrolyzing isoflavones daidzin and genistin.paenibacillus xylanilyticus kj-03 isolated from konjac field, showed β-glucosidase activity on tryptic soy agar plate supplemented with 0.1 % esculin and 0.25 % ferric ammonium citrate. a genome library was constructed to obtain the β-glucosidase gene and a recombinant clone, pglc2-3 was selected. the 2,247 bp gene encoding kj-03 β-glucosidase consisted of 749 amino acids. the deduced amino acids of bgla were 61 % homologous with that of the β-glucosidase from bacillus cereus ah1272, which belon ...201324141566
retained subretinal date palm tree thorn in a child.a 3-year-old boy presented with severe eye pain and nausea after colliding with a date palm tree branch. examination under anesthesia revealed a self-sealed corneal laceration and traumatic cataract in his left eye. cultures were taken and the patient received prophylactic subconjunctival, intravitreal, and systemic antibiotics because of the high risk of endophthalmitis. a thorn from the same tree grew bacillus cereus. examination after 2 weeks of the injury revealed a subretinal foreign body ( ...201324160979
contrasting evolutionary patterns of spore coat proteins in two bacillus species groups are linked to a difference in cellular structure.the bacillus subtilis-group and the bacillus cereus-group are two well-studied groups of species in the genus bacillus. bacteria in this genus can produce a highly resistant cell type, the spore, which is encased in a complex protective protein shell called the coat. spores in the b. cereus-group contain an additional outer layer, the exosporium, which encircles the coat. the coat in b. subtilis spores possesses inner and outer layers. the aim of this study is to investigate whether differences ...201324283940
the bacillus cereus hbl and nhe tripartite enterotoxin components assemble sequentially on the surface of target cells and are not interchangeable.bacillus cereus is a spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with outbreaks of food poisoning. it is also known as an opportunistic pathogen causing clinical infections such as bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, and gas gangrene-like cutaneous infections, mostly in immunocompromised patients. b. cereus secretes a plethora of toxins of which four are associated with the symptoms of food poisoning. two of these, the non-hemolytic enterotoxin nhe and the hemolysin bl (hbl) toxin, ...201324204713
phytochemical analysis of andrographis paniculata and orthosiphon stamineus leaf extracts for their antibacterial and antioxidant potential.leaves of andrographis paniculata and orthosiphon stamineus were extracted with water, ethanol, methanol and chloroform to assess their potential as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the methanolic extracts of a. paniculata and o. stamineus leaves gave the highest amounts of andrographolide and rosmarinic acid, respectively. these leaf extracts exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and, at the highest concentration test ...201324189677
evaluation of direct 16s rdna sequencing as a metagenomics-based approach to screening bacteria in bottled water.deliberate or accidental contamination of food, feed, and water supplies poses a threat to human health worldwide. a rapid and sensitive detection technique that could replace the current labor-intensive and time-consuming culture-based methods is highly desirable. in addition to species-specific assays, such as pcr, there is a need for generic methods to screen for unknown pathogenic microorganisms in samples. this work presents a metagenomics-based direct-sequencing approach for detecting unkn ...201323971801
ohrra functions as a redox-responsive system controlling toxinogenesis in bacillus cereus.bacillus cereus ohrr is a member of the subgroup of the marr (multiple antibiotic resistance) family of transcriptional regulators that use a cysteine-based redox sensing mechanism. ohra is a thiol-dependent, peroxidase-like protein. the dual ohrra system triggers b. cereus adaptation in response to redox changes, such as those encountered in the environment of the gastrointestinal tract. here, we investigated the role of ohrra in toxinogenesis. comparative shotgun analysis of exoproteomes from ...201324184231
evolution and dynamics of megaplasmids with genome sizes larger than 100 kb in the bacillus cereus group.plasmids play a crucial role in the evolution of bacterial genomes by mediating horizontal gene transfer. however, the origin and evolution of most plasmids remains unclear, especially for megaplasmids. strains of the bacillus cereus group contain up to 13 plasmids with genome sizes ranging from 2 kb to 600 kb, and thus can be used to study plasmid dynamics and evolution.201324295128
efficient degradation of feather by keratinase producing bacillus sp.keratinase producing microorganisms are being increasingly utilized for degradation and recycling of poultry feather waste. two native strains bf11 (bacillus subtilis) and bf21 (bacillus cereus) degrading keratin completely were characterized. the native strains produced more than 10 ku/ml of enzyme. strain improvement resulted in isolation of mbf11 and mbf21 from bf11 and bf21 isolates, respectively. optimization of nutritional and physical parameters of these mbf isolates at laboratory scale i ...201324298284
chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils of origanum vulgare l. subsp. vulgare l. under different growth conditions.this research was aimed at investigating the essential oil production, chemical composition and biological activity of a crop of pink flowered oregano (origanum vulgare l. subsp. vulgare l.) under different spatial distribution of the plants (single and binate rows). this plant factor was shown to affect its growth, soil covering, fresh biomass, essential oil amount and composition. in particular, the essential oil percentage was higher for the binate row treatment at the full bloom. the chemica ...201324304588
antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts of guava (psidium guajava l.) on two gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.aim. to determine the antimicrobial potential of guava (psidium guajava) leaf extracts against two gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis) and two gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus) which are some of foodborne and spoilage bacteria. the guava leaves were extracted in four different solvents of increasing polarities (hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water). the efficacy of these extracts was tested against those bacteria through a well-di ...201324223039
new hydrazones with pyrazolone structure: synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation.to design new hydrazones with pyrazolone structure with improved biological properties.201324340543
new derivatives of aryl-propionic acid. synthesis and biological evaluation.to design new derivatives of aryl-propionic acid with potential antibacterial and antioxidant activity.201324340542
effects of a skin neuropeptide (substance p) on cutaneous microflora.skin is the largest human neuroendocrine organ and hosts the second most numerous microbial population but the interaction of skin neuropeptides with the microflora has never been investigated. we studied the effect of substance p (sp), a peptide released by nerve endings in the skin on bacterial virulence.201324250813
multiplex pcr (polymerase chain reaction) assay for detection of e. coli o157:h7, salmonella sp., vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in spiked shrimps (penaeus monodon).the coastal aquaculture mainly shrimps constitute major export sector in bangladesh and is increasingly shaped by international trade conditions and by national responses to those stringent quality and safety standards. pcr based validated methods for detection of major bacterial pathogens in shrimp might be very useful tool for ensuring quality and safety standards of exportable shrimps. the objective of this study was to evaluate overall performance (sensitivity and specificity) of the multipl ...201324498789
provenance in bioinformatics workflows.in this work, we used the prov-dm model to manage data provenance in workflows of genome projects. this provenance model allows the storage of details of one workflow execution, e.g., raw and produced data and computational tools, their versions and parameters. using this model, biologists can access details of one particular execution of a workflow, compare results produced by different executions, and plan new experiments more efficiently. in addition to this, a provenance simulator was create ...201324564294
antibacterial potency of housefly larvae extract from sewage sludge through bioconversion.use of the fly to convert sewage sludge into nutrient-rich soil conditioner and amendment is an attractive approach for sludge bioconversion. during this process, fecal coliforms, an indicating pathogen, in sludge were reduced to 5.3 x 10(2) most probable number/g dry solid from initial 3.32 x 10(6) mpn/g dry solid. it was also found that the extract of larvae grown in sludge during bioconversion have an observable inhibitory effect against bacteria compared to larvae grown in wheat bran as meas ...201324520734
food-borne pathogens of animal origin-diagnosis, prevention, control and their zoonotic significance: a review.the term food borne diseases or food-borne illnesses or more commonly food poisoning are used to denote gastrointestinal complications that occur following recent consumption of a particular food or drink. millions of people suffer worldwide every year and the situation is quiet grave in developing nations creating social and economic strain. the food borne pathogens include various bacteria viz., salmonella, campylobacter, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, staph ...201324506006
vacuum distillation residue upgrading by an indigenous bacillus cereus.biological processing of heavy fractions of crude oils offers less severe process conditions and higher selectivity for refining. biochemical processes are expected to be low demand energy processes and certainly ecofriendly.201324499629
influence of phenolic compounds of kangra tea [camellia sinensis (l) o kuntze] on bacterial pathogens and indigenous bacterial probiotics of western himalayas.phenolic compounds of nutraceutical importance viz., catechins (c), (-)-epicatechin (ec), (-)-epigallocatechin (egc), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ecg) were estimated in fresh green tea shoots of camellia sinensis (l) o kuntze cultivar. the total polyphenols and total catechins were in the range of 219.90 to 317.81 and 140.83 to 271.39 g/kg, respectively in monthly samples of tea. the values of c, ec, egc, egcg and ecg in tea powders as analyzed through hi ...201324516437
gene detection and toxin production evaluation of hemolysin bl of bacillus cereus isolated from milk and dairy products marketed in brazil.bacillus cereusis an ubiquitous, spore-forming bacteria that can survive pasteurization and the majority of the heating processes used in the dairy industry. besides, it is a pathogen responsible for different types of food poisoning. one type of foodborne disease caused by b.cereusis the diarrheal syndrome, which is caused by the ingestion of vegetative cells producing toxins in the small intestine. one virulence factor for the diarrheal syndrome is the toxin hemolysin bl (hbl), a three-compone ...201324688511
description of bacillus toyonensis sp. nov., a novel species of the bacillus cereus group, and pairwise genome comparisons of the species of the group by means of ani calculations.strain bct-7112(t) was isolated in 1966 in japan from a survey designed to obtain naturally occurring microorganisms as pure cultures in the laboratory for use as probiotics in animal nutrition. this strain, which was primarily identified as bacillus cereus var toyoi, has been in use for more than 30 years as the active ingredient of the preparation toyocerin(®), an additive for use in animal nutrition (e.g. swine, poultry, cattle, rabbits and aquaculture). despite the fact that the strain was i ...201323791203
bacillus cereus var. toyoi promotes growth, affects the histological organization and microbiota of the intestinal mucosa in rainbow trout fingerlings.in this preliminary study, we evaluated the effects of a gram-positive soil bacteria bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, and microbiota in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings. trout were maintained in a recirculation system and fed 2 diets: 1) a commercial trout feed deprived of the probiotic and 2) the same diet but with the spores of the probiotic bacteria dissolved in fish oil during the manufacturing of the feed ...201323508031
mass spectrometric profiling of bacillus cereus strains and quantitation of the emetic toxin cereulide by means of stable isotope dilution analysis and hep-2 bioassay.a fast and robust high-throughput ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uplc-tof ms) profiling method was developed and successfully applied to discriminate a total of 78 bacillus cereus strains into no/low, medium and high producers of the emetic toxin cereulide. the data obtained by uplc-tof ms profiling were confirmed by absolute quantitation of cereulide in selected samples by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (h ...201323079954
postprocessing microflora of commercial attieke (a fermented cassava product) produced in the south of côte d'ivoire.the distribution and presence of hygiene indicator and pathogenic micro-organisms in 375 samples of attieke marketed in côte d'ivoire, and their roles in the food poisoning were evaluated. microbiological analyses were carried out, which included the total viable bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, bacillus spores, fungi and clostridium perfringens. the results revealed that the viable bacteria counts ranged from 2·2 ± 1·2 × 10(5) to 3·4 ± 1·4 × 10(6) cfu g( ...201323078634
acute postoperative bacillus cereus endophthalmitis mimicking toxic anterior segment syndrome.to study the clinicomicrobiologic characteristics and treatment outcomes in eyes with acute postoperative endophthalmitis (ape) owing to bacillus cereus from a tertiary eye-care center.201322986113
inferring an augmented bayesian network to confront a complex quantitative microbial risk assessment model with durability studies: application to bacillus cereus on a courgette purée production chain.the monte carlo (mc) simulation approach is traditionally used in food safety risk assessment to study quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) models. when experimental data are available, performing bayesian inference is a good alternative approach that allows backward calculation in a stochastic qmra model to update the experts' knowledge about the microbial dynamics of a given food-borne pathogen. in this article, we propose a complex example where bayesian inference is applied to a hig ...201322967223
bio-based nanoemulsion formulation, characterization and antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens.the current study deals with the formulation and characterization of bio-based oil in water nanoemulsion and its potential antibacterial activity. a typical v/v% of eucalyptus oil (16.66%), tween 80 (16.66%), and water (68.68%) was prepared by ultrasonication method. the mean droplet size was 17.1 nm as confirmed by dynamic light scattering. different concentrations of the formulation ranging from undiluted to 10-, 100-, and 1000-fold dilutions were used to check the antibacterial activity in th ...201322961665
bacillus cereus endocarditis in native aortic valve.bacillus cereus endocarditis is rare. it has been implicated in immunocompromised individuals, especially in intravenous drug users as well as in those with a cardiac prosthesis. the patient was a 31-year-old ex-intravenous drug addict with a past history of staphylococcal pulmonary valve endocarditis, who presented with symptoms of decompensated cardiac failure. echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation with an oscillating vegetation seen on the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve ...201322627887
bacillus cereus septicemia attributed to a matched unrelated bone marrow transplant.hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct) is performed in more than 25,000 patients annually. clinically significant bacterial transmission from hct products is rare.201322624657
a novel structured bioreactor for solid-state fermentation.a novel patented solid-state bioreactor (251 l) with honeycomb loading device was designed and its performance was tested. first, this apparatus gave a 66.87 % of calculated loading coefficient (volume ratio), which was almost twofold compared with conventional fermenters. next, considering the crucial effect of heat transfer on bed loading and microbial growth, the performance was validated by temperature variance during fermentation and spore viability of bacillus cereus dm423. air pressure pu ...201322773174
antimicrobial activity of platelet (plt)-poor plasma, plt-rich plasma, plt gel, and solvent/detergent-treated plt lysate biomaterials against wound bacteria.platelet (plt) gels exhibit antimicrobial activity useful for wound healing. the nature of the antibacterial component(s) is unknown.201322563709
solid-state fermentation: tool for bioremediation of adsorbed textile dyestuff on distillery industry waste-yeast biomass using isolated bacillus cereus strain ebt1.bioremediation of textile dyestuffs under solid-state fermentation (ssf) using industrial wastes as substrate pose an economically feasible, promising, and eco-friendly alternative. the purpose of this study was to adsorb red m5b dye, a sample of dyes mixture and a real textile effluent on distillery industry waste-yeast biomass (diw-yb) and its further bioremediation using bacillus cereus ebt1 under ssf. textile dyestuffs were allowed to adsorb on diw-yb. diw-yb adsorbed dyestuffs were decolori ...201322562346
biodegradation of dioxin by a newly isolated rhodococcus sp. with the involvement of self-transmissible plasmids.a newly isolated rhodococcus sp. strain p52 could aerobically utilize dibenzofuran as the sole source of carbon and energy, and completely remove dibenzofuran at 500 mg l(-1) within 48 h. the strain metabolizes dibenzofuran by initial angular dioxygenation to yield 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl. strain p52 could also remove 70 % of 100 mg l(-1) 2-chlorodibenzofuran within 96 h and could metabolize a variety of aromatic compounds, namely dibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,8-dichlorodibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, b ...201322940801
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of linum pubescens growing wild in jordan.the volatile constituents of the aerial flowering parts of linum pubescens were collected by hydro-distillation and analysed by gc and gc/ms. analysis allowed the identification of 68 components of which, geranyl isovalerate (18.93%), lauric acid (12.07%), germacrene d (10.61%), decanoic acid (8.07%), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (5.02%) and 1-hexanol (4.99%) were detected as major constituents. the isolated essential oil of the plant exhibited high antimicrobial activity against gram-posit ...201322913459
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