Publications

role of antioxidant enzymes in bacterial resistance to organic acids.	growth in aerobic environments has been shown to generate reactive oxygen species (ros) and to cause oxidative stress in most organisms. antioxidant enzymes (i.e., superoxide dismutases and hydroperoxidases) and dna repair mechanisms provide protection against ros. acid stress has been shown to be associated with the induction of mn superoxide dismutase (mnsod) in lactococcus lactis and staphylococcus aureus. however, the relationship between acid stress and oxidative stress is not well understo ...	2010	20305033
how three adventitious lactic acid bacteria affect proteolysis and organic acid production in model portuguese cheeses manufactured from several milk sources and two alternative coagulants.	model cheeses were manufactured according to a full factorial experimental design to help shed light on the individual and combined roles played by 3 native lactic acid bacteria (lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, lactobacillus brevis, and lactobacillus plantarum) upon proteolysis and organic acid evolution in cheese. the model cheeses were manufactured according to a generally representative portuguese artisanal protocol, but the (ubiquitous) adventitious microflora in the cheesemaking milk were r ...	2010	20338410
complete genome sequence of lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis kf147, a plant-associated lactic acid bacterium.	lactococcus lactis is a lactic acid bacterium used in the production of many fermented dairy products. we report the complete genome sequence of l. lactis subsp. lactis kf147, a nondairy strain isolated from mung bean sprouts. the circular chromosome of 2,598,144 bp, the largest among the sequenced lactococcal strains, encodes many properties related to adaptation to the plant environment.	2010	20348266
proteomic analyses to reveal the protective role of glutathione in resistance of lactococcus lactis to osmotic stress.	previously, we have shown that glutathione can protect lactococcus lactis against oxidative stress and acid stress. in this study, we show that glutathione taken up by l. lactis sk11 can protect this organism against osmotic stress. when exposed to 5 m nacl, l. lactis sk11 cells containing glutathione exhibited significantly improved survival compared to the control cells. transmission electron microscopy showed that the integrity of l. lactis sk11 cells containing glutathione was maintained for ...	2010	20348298
lactococcus lactis catheter-related bacteremia in an infant.		2010	20349104
nuclear expression of a group ii intron is consistent with spliceosomal intron ancestry.	group ii introns are self-splicing rnas found in eubacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic organelles. they are mechanistically similar to the metazoan nuclear spliceosomal introns; therefore, group ii introns have been invoked as the progenitors of the eukaryotic pre-mrna introns. however, the ability of group ii introns to function outside of the bacteria-derived organelles is debatable, since they are not found in the nuclear genomes of eukaryotes. here, we show that the lactococcus lactis ll.ltrb ...	2010	20351053
structure of lactococcal phage p2 baseplate and its mechanism of activation.	siphoviridae is the most abundant viral family on earth which infects bacteria as well as archaea. all known siphophages infecting gram+ lactococcus lactis possess a baseplate at the tip of their tail involved in host recognition and attachment. here, we report analysis of the p2 phage baseplate structure by x-ray crystallography and electron microscopy and propose a mechanism for the baseplate activation during attachment to the host cell. this approximately 1 mda, escherichia coli-expressed ba ...	2010	20351260
infective endocarditis complicated by intracerebral hemorrhage due to lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris.		2010	20352283
improvement of the quality and abatement of the biogenic amines of grass carp muscles by fermentation using mixed cultures.	to improve the quality of processed grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus) products and control the accumulation of hazardous substances therein, minced grass carp slices were salted for 6 h at room temperature and then inoculated with mixed starter cultures of lactobacillus casei, streptococcus lactis, saccharomyces cerevisiae hansen and monascus anka and fermented for 12 h at 30 degrees c. the changes in some characteristics and biogenic amine contents of the fermented muscles were investigated ...	2010	20355085
biochemical characterization of the c4-dicarboxylate transporter dcta from bacillus subtilis.	bacterial secondary transporters of the dcta family mediate ion-coupled uptake of c(4)-dicarboxylates. here, we have expressed the dcta homologue from bacillus subtilis in the gram-positive bacterium lactococcus lactis. transport of dicarboxylates in vitro in isolated membrane vesicles was assayed. we determined the substrate specificity, the type of cotransported ions, the electrogenic nature of transport, and the ph and temperature dependence patterns. dcta was found to catalyze proton-coupled ...	2010	20363944
solution and electron microscopy characterization of lactococcal phage baseplates expressed in escherichia coli.	we report here the characterization of several large structural protein complexes forming the baseplates (or part of them) of siphoviridae phages infecting lactococcus lactis: tp901-1, tuc2009 and p2. we revisited a "block cloning" expression strategy and extended this approach to genomic fragments encoding proteins whose interacting partners have not yet been clearly identified. biophysical characterization of some of these complexes using circular dichroism and size exclusion chromatography, c ...	2010	20153432
lactococcus lactis as a cell factory for delivery of therapeutic proteins.	the food-grade bacterium lactococcus lactis has been extensively investigated during the last two decades as a delivery vector for therapeutic proteins, dna and vaccine antigens. the bacterium represents a safe, genetically tractable vector capable of producing heterologous therapeutic proteins at mucosal sites. here we review recent work in which recombinant l. lactis strains have been exploited as agents to treat inflammatory bowel disease, allergy and cancer. we also describe the ability of l ...	2010	20156189
chemokine-cleaving streptococcus pyogenes protease spycep is necessary and sufficient for bacterial dissemination within soft tissues and the respiratory tract.	spycep is a streptococcus pyogenes protease that cleaves cxcl8/il-8 and its activity is associated with human invasive disease severity. we investigated the role of spycep in s. pyogenes necrotizing fasciitis and respiratory tract infection in mice using isogenic strains differing only in spycep expression. spycep cleaved human cxcl1, 2, 6 and 8 plus murine cxcl1 and 2 at a structurally conserved site. mice were infected in thigh muscle with a strain of s. pyogenes that expresses a high level of ...	2010	20158613
use of green fluorescent protein to monitor cell envelope stress in lactococcus lactis.	a lactococcus lactis reporter system suitable to detect cell envelope stress in high-throughput settings was developed by fusing the cesr-regulated promoter of llmg0169 to the gfp(uv) gene. a dot blot assay allowed fast detection of green fluorescent protein (gfp) fluorescence even at low production levels. unexpectedly, this promoter was also induced by mitomycin c via cesr.	2010	19948854
comparative genomics and transduction potential of enterococcus faecalis temperate bacteriophages.	to determine the relative importance of temperate bacteriophage in the horizontal gene transfer of fitness and virulence determinants of enterococcus faecalis, a panel of 47 bacteremia isolates were treated with the inducing agents mitomycin c, norfloxacin, and uv radiation. thirty-four phages were purified from culture supernatants and discriminated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and restriction mapping. from these analyses the genomes of eight representative phages were pyrosequ ...	2010	20008075
characterization of a novel lysm domain from lactobacillus fermentum bacteriophage endolysin and its use as an anchor to display heterologous proteins on the surfaces of lactic acid bacteria.	the endolysin lyb5, from lactobacillus fermentum temperate bacteriophage phipyb5, showed a broad lytic spectrum against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. sequence analysis revealed that the c terminus of the endolysin lyb5 (ly5c) contained three putative lysin motif (lysm) repeat regions, implying that ly5c was involved in bacterial cell wall binding. to investigate the potential of ly5c for surface display, green fluorescent protein (gfp) was fused to ly5c at its n or c terminus ...	2010	20173067
glutamate-induced metabolic changes in lactococcus lactis ncdo 2118 during gaba production: combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis.	gaba is a molecule of increasing nutraceutical interest due to its modulatory activity on the central nervous system and smooth muscle relaxation. potentially probiotic bacteria can produce it by glutamate decarboxylation, but nothing is known about the physiological modifications occurring at the microbial level during gaba production. in the present investigation, a gaba-producing lactococcus lactis strain grown in a medium supplemented with or without glutamate was studied using a combined tr ...	2010	20174841
to protect peptide pharmaceuticals against peptidases.	the major hurdle in the application and delivery of peptide pharmaceuticals is their rapid in vivo breakdown. methods: we here combined two approaches to stabilize peptide pharmaceuticals, introduction of d-amino acids and cyclization, by applying an innovative enzymatic method. this method yields peptides with thioether bridges between a d-amino acid and an l-amino acid. on the basis of guidelines concerning the flanking residues of serines/threonines and cysteines, a peptide of interest is des ...	2010	20176117
genetic identification of potential rna-binding regions in a group ii intron-encoded reverse transcriptase.	mobile group ii introns encode a reverse transcriptase that binds the intron rna to promote rna splicing and intron mobility, the latter via reverse splicing of the excised intron into dna sites, followed by reverse transcription. previous work showed that the lactococcus lactis ll.ltrb intron reverse transcriptase, denoted ltra protein, binds with high affinity to diva, a stem-loop structure at the beginning of the ltra open reading frame and makes additional contacts with intron core regions t ...	2010	20179150
time-resolved genetic responses of lactococcus lactis to a dairy environment.	lactococcus lactis is one of main bacterial species found in mixed dairy starter cultures for the production of semi-hard cheese. despite the appreciation that mixed cultures are essential for the eventual properties of the manufactured cheese the vast majority of studies on l. lactis were carried out in laboratory media with a pure culture. in this study we applied an advanced recombinant in vivo expression technology (r-ivet) assay in combination with a high-throughput cheese-manufacturing pro ...	2010	20192965
inhibition kinetics of catabolic dehydrogenases by elevated moieties of atp and adp--implication for a new regulation mechanism in lactococcus lactis.	atp and adp inhibit, in varying degrees, several dehydrogenases of the central carbon metabolism of lactococcus lactis atcc 19435 in vitro, i.e. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adh). here we demonstrate mixed inhibition for gapdh and competitive inhibition for ldh and adh by adenine nucleotides in single inhibition studies. the nonlinear negative co-operativity was best modelled with hill-type kinetics, showing greater flex ...	2010	20193044
loss of irpt function in lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis n8 results in increased nisin resistance.	the antibiotic nisin, produced by lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis n8, offers an extensive commercial prospect as natural food preservatives. the nisin immunity of the l. lactis strains is regulated by a variety of mechanisms. in this study, we isolated a l. lactis l31 strain with increased nisin resistance from a mini-mu transposon mutant pool of strain n8. the single mu insertion in strain l31 was in the irpt gene with unknown function. by comparing the proteomic profiles of l. lactis l31 and ...	2010	20213102
bonds between fibronectin and fibronectin-binding proteins on staphylococcus aureus and lactococcus lactis.	bacterial cell-wall-associated fibronectin binding proteins a and b (fnbpa and fnbpb) form bonds with host fibronectin. this binding reaction is often the initial step in prosthetic device infections. atomic force microscopy was used to evaluate binding interactions between a fibronectin-coated probe and laboratory-derived staphylococcus aureus that are (i) defective in both fnbpa and fnbpb (fnba fnbb double mutant, du5883), (ii) capable of expressing only fnbpa (fnba fnbb double mutant compleme ...	2010	20218549
biochemical characterization of thit from lactococcus lactis: a thiamin transporter with picomolar substrate binding affinity.	the putative thiamin transporter thit from lactococcus lactis was overproduced in the membrane of lactococcal cells. in vivo transport assays using radiolabeled thiamin demonstrated that thit indeed was involved in thiamin transport. the protein was solubilized from the membranes and purified in detergent solution. size exclusion chromatography coupled to static light scattering, refractive index, and uv absorbance measurements (sec-malls) showed that thit is a monomer of 22.7 kda in detergent s ...	2010	20218726
pancghweb: a web tool for genotype calling in pangenome cgh data.	a pangenome is the total of genes present in strains of the same species. pangenome microarrays allow determining the genomic content of bacterial strains more accurately than conventional comparative genome hybridization microarrays. pancghweb is the first tool that effectively calls genotype based on pangenome microarray data. availability: pancghweb, the web tool is accessible from: http://bamics2.cmbi.ru.nl/websoftware/pancgh/.	2010	20219865
production of human growth hormone by lactococcus lactis.	a synthetic gene coding for human growth hormone was expressed in lactococcus lactis. the presence of the recombinant protein was assayed and quantified using elisa tests. human growth hormone was detected at high concentrations and displayed a biological activity similar to the one shown by commercial human growth hormone.	2010	20226370
probiotic table olives: microbial populations adhering on olive surface in fermentation sets inoculated with the probiotic strain lactobacillus paracasei impc2.1 in an industrial plant.	this study reports the dynamics of microbial populations adhering on the surface of debittered green olives cv. bella di cerignola in fermentation sets inoculated with the probiotic strain lactobacillus paracasei impc2.1 in different brining conditions (4% and 8% (w/v) nacl) at room temperature and 4 degrees c. the probiotic strain successfully colonized the olive surface dominating the natural lab population and decreasing the ph of brines to <or=5.0 after 30 days until the end of fermentation. ...	2010	20226556
functional expression of the thiolase gene thl from clostridium beijerinckii p260 in lactococcus lactis and lactobacillus buchneri.	the first step of the butanol pathway involves an acetyl-coa acetyltransferase (acoaat), which controls the key branching point from acetyl-coa to butanol. acoaat, also known as thiolase (ec 2.3.1.9), is encoded by the thl gene and catalyzes ligation of two acetyl-coa into acetoacetyl-coa. bioinformatics analyses suggest there are no thl in the genomes of lactic acid bacteria (lab), in this study we aimed to introduce the thl gene into selected lab strains and analyze the fermentation products. ...	2010	20371307
engineering corynebacterium glutamicum for isobutanol production.	the production of isobutanol in microorganisms has recently been achieved by harnessing the highly active 2-keto acid pathways. since these 2-keto acids are precursors of amino acids, we aimed to construct an isobutanol production platform in corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known amino-acid-producing microorganism. analysis of this host's sensitivity to isobutanol toxicity revealed that c. glutamicum shows an increased tolerance to isobutanol relative to escherichia coli. overexpression of al ...	2010	20376637
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from artisanal italian goat cheese.	the lactic acid bacteria community in traditional goat cheese produced in three dairies in valsesia (piemonte, italy) was studied at different steps of the manufacturing process. these cheeses were produced from raw milk without starter bacteria, and no protocol was followed during the manufacturing process. three hundred thirty-two isolates were characterized and grouped by results of both morphophysiological tests and random amplification of polymorphic dna plus pcr analysis. bacteria were ide ...	2010	20377953
functional significance of the e loop, a novel motif conserved in the lantibiotic immunity atp-binding cassette transport systems.	lantibiotics are peptide-derived antibacterial substances produced by some gram-positive bacteria and characterized by the presence of unusual amino acids, like lanthionines and dehydrated amino acids. because lantibiotic producers may be attacked by self-produced lantibiotics, they express immunity proteins on the cytoplasmic membrane. an atp-binding cassette (abc) transport system mediated by the lanfeg protein complex is a major system in lantibiotic immunity. multiple-sequence alignment anal ...	2010	20382768
heart valve allograft decontamination with antibiotics: impact of the temperature of incubation on efficacy.	heart valve allografts are typically processed at 4°c in north america, including the step of antibiotic decontamination. in our own experience with heart valve banking, we often observe persistent positive cultures following decontamination at wet ice temperature. we hypothesized that warmer temperatures of incubation might increase the efficacy of the decontamination procedure. in a first series of experiments, 12 different bacterial species were grown overnight, frozen in standardized aliquot ...	2010	20390362
identification and typing of lactococcus lactis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.	currently, the genus lactococcus is classified into six species: lactococcus chungangensis, l. garvieae, l. lactis, l. piscium, l. plantarum, and l. raffinolactis. among these six species, l. lactis is especially important because of its use in the manufacture of probiotic dairy products. l. lactis consists of three subspecies: l. lactis subsp. cremoris, l. lactis subsp. hordniae, and l. lactis subsp. lactis. however, these subspecies have not yet been reliably discriminated. to date, mainly phe ...	2010	20400559
an intranasal administration of lactococcus lactis strains expressing recombinant interleukin-10 modulates acute allergic airway inflammation in a murine model.	around 300 million people world-wide suffer from asthma, and the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased. much effort has been used in the study of mechanisms involved in the immune response observed in asthma to intervene for the treatment of this condition. during inflammation in asthma, th2 cytokines and eosinophils are essential components of the host immune system. furthermore, for therapeutic interventions against this disease, il-10 is an important cytokine because it has a central ...	2010	20412136
improved growth of bifidobacteria by cocultivation with lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis.	cultivation of bifidobacteria in milk is a difficult and industrially valuable task. in this paper, we report the finding of a novel technique to improve the growth of bifidobacteria in dairy products and the results of mechanism studies. the growth of bifidobacteria in skim milk medium was found to be stimulated upon cocultivation with certain strains of lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. bifidobacterium growth-stimulating (bgs) activity was observed on a wide range of bifidobacterial species. bif ...	2010	20412895
identification of the bacterial biodiversity in koumiss by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and species-specific polymerase chain reaction.	bacterial biodiversity in traditional koumiss fermented milk was studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). target dna bands were identified according to the reference species ladder, constructed in this study. comigrating bands present in the dgge profiles were resolved by species-specific pcr. the results revealed a novel bacterial profile and extensive bacterial biodiversity in koumiss. the dominant lactic acid bacteria included lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus helveti ...	2010	20412906
lactococcus lactis fabh, encoding beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase, can be functionally replaced by the plasmodium falciparum congener.	plasmodium falciparum, in addition to scavenging essential fatty acids from its intra- and intercellular environments, possesses a functional complement of type ii fatty acid synthase (fas) enzymes targeted to the apicoplast organelle. recent evidence suggests that products of the plasmodial fas ii system may be critical for the parasite's liver-to-blood cycle transition, and it has been speculated that endogenously generated fatty acids may be precursors for essential cofactors, such as lipoate ...	2010	20418430
physiological adaptation of the bacterium lactococcus lactis in response to the production of human cftr.	biochemical and biophysical characterization of cftr (the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) is thwarted by difficulties to obtain sufficient quantities of correctly folded and functional protein. here we have produced human cftr in the prokaryotic expression host lactococcus lactis. the full-length protein was detected in the membrane of the bacterium, but the yields were too low (< 0.1 % of membrane proteins) for in vitro functional and structural characterization, and induct ...	2010	20421633
contribution of exofacial thiol groups in the reducing activity of lactococcus lactis.	lactococcus lactis can decrease the redox potential at ph 7 (e(h7)) from 200 to -200 mv in oxygen free man-rogosa-sharpe media. neither the consumption of oxidizing compounds or the release of reducing compounds during lactic acid fermentation were involved in the decrease in e(h7) by the bacteria. thiol groups located on the bacterial cell surface appear to be the main components that are able to establish a greater exchange current between the pt electrode and the bacteria. after the final e(h ...	2010	20423456
improvement of human interferon alpha secretion by lactococcus lactis.	to improve the secretion and expression of human interferon alpha 2b (ifn) in lactococcus lactis, a synthetic pro-peptide, leisstcda (leiss), was fused to the n-terminus of ifn. this gave a higher secretion efficiency (12% vs. 5%) and yield (approximately 2.8-fold) of ifn. the signal peptide, sp(slpa) (slpa, an s-layer protein of lactobacillus brevis), was also tested to secrete ifn instead of sp(usp45) (usp45, the main secreted protein in l. lactis). this gave increased ifn secretion (approxima ...	2010	20431909
resistance of young mice to pneumococcal infection can be improved by oral vaccination with recombinant lactococcus lactis.	oral immunization with lactococcus lactis pppa (lpa+), a recombinant strain that is able to express the pneumococcal protective protein a, can improve the resistance to respiratory challenge with streptococcus pneumoniae in adult mice. in this study, we investigated whether oral immunization protocols using lpa+ are able to protect young mice against pneumococcal respiratory infection.	2010	20434117
amino acid accumulation limits the overexpression of proteins in lactococcus lactis.	understanding the biogenesis pathways for the functional expression of recombinant proteins, in particular membrane proteins and complex multidomain assemblies, is a fundamental issue in cell biology and of high importance for future progress in structural genomics. in this study, we employed a proteomic approach to understand the difference in expression levels for various multidomain membrane proteins in l. lactis cells grown in complex and synthetic media.	2010	20436673
linear covariance models to examine the determinants of protein levels in lactococcus lactis.	when confronted to environmental changes, microorganisms adjust protein levels in order to adapt their growth and metabolic performances. biological mechanisms involved in protein regulation are extremely complex and still poorly understood. this study aims at the identification, by statistical modelling, of the major determinants of protein concentrations in a bacterial model lactococcus lactis. protein concentrations were predicted by covariance models taking into account various quantitative ...	2010	20448864
intragastric administration of a superoxide dismutase-producing recombinant lactobacillus casei bl23 strain attenuates dss colitis in mice.	human immune cells release large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ros) such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide via respiratory burst. in inflammatory bowel diseases, a sustained and abnormal activation of the immune response results in oxidative stress of the digestive tract and in a loss of intestinal homeostasis. we previously reported that heterologous production of the lactobacillus plantarum manganese catalase (mnkat) enhances the survival of lb. casei bl23 when exposed to oxida ...	2010	20452077
improvement of multiple-stress tolerance and lactic acid production in lactococcus lactis nz9000 under conditions of thermal stress by heterologous expression of escherichia coli dnak.	the effects of nisin-induced dnak expression in lactococcus lactis were examined, and this expression was shown to improve stress tolerance and lactic acid fermentation efficiency. using a nisin-inducible expression system, dnak proteins from l. lactis (dnak(lla)) and escherichia coli (dnak(eco)) were produced in l. lactis nz9000. in comparison to a strain harboring the empty vector pnz8048 (designated nz-vector) and one expressing dnak(lla) (designated nz-ldnak), the dnak(eco)-expressing strain ...	2010	20453133
ligand binding and crystal structures of the substrate-binding domain of the abc transporter opua.	the abc transporter opua from lactococcus lactis transports glycine betaine upon activation by threshold values of ionic strength. in this study, the ligand binding characteristics of purified opua in a detergent-solubilized state and of its substrate-binding domain produced as soluble protein (opuac) was characterized.	2010	20454456
comparison of expression vectors in lactobacillus reuteri strains.	the synthesis of heterologous proteins in lactobacilli is strongly influenced by the promoter selected for the expression. in addition, the activity of the promoters themselves may vary among different bacterial hosts. three different promoters were investigated for their capability to drive enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) expression in lactococcus lactis spp. cremoris mg1363, in lactobacillus reuteri dsm 20016(t) and in five l. reuteri strains isolated from chicken crops. the promoter ...	2010	20455948
growth-inhibition of hiochi bacteria in namazake (raw sake) by bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria.	the bacteriocins produced by lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis c101910 (c101910) and nbrc 12007 (nbrc 12007) were used to prevent the growth of sake spoiling hiochi bacteria (lactobacillus hilgardii, lactobacillus fructivorans, and lactobacillus paracasei) in namazake, which is raw (unpasteurized) sake. the bacteriocin concentrations required for decreasing the viable cell concentrations of l. hilgardii and l. fructivorans below the detection limit (1.0 x 10(2) cells/ml) in 24 h from the initial ...	2010	20471596
a flexible cation binding site in the multidrug major facilitator superfamily transporter lmrp is associated with variable proton coupling.	the multidrug major facilitator superfamily transporter lmrp from lactococcus lactis mediates protonmotive-force dependent efflux of amphiphilic ligands from the cell. we compared the role of membrane-embedded carboxylates in transport and binding of divalent cationic propidium and monovalent cationic ethidium. d235n, e327q, and d142n replacements each resulted in loss of electrogenicity in the propidium efflux reaction, pointing to electrogenic 3h(+)/propidium(2+) antiport. during ethidium effl ...	2010	20472749
expression of two listeria monocytogenes antigens (p60 and llo) in lactococcus lactis and examination for use as live vaccine vectors.	listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne intracellular pathogen that mainly infects pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. the pore-forming haemolysin listeriolysin o (llo), the main virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes, allows bacteria to escape from the harsh environment of the phagosome to the cytoplasm of the infected cell. this leads to processing of bacterial antigens predominantly through the cytosolic mhc class i presentation pathway. we previously engineered the food-grade bact ...	2010	20488938
stabilizing smoked salmon (oncorhynchus gorbuscha) tissue after extraction of oil.	alaska salmon oils are rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are highly valued by the food and pharmaceutical industries. however, the tissue that remains after oil extraction does not have an established market. discarded pink salmon (oncorhynchus gorbuscha) tissues were preserved using a combination of smoke-processing and acidification with lactic acid bacteria (lab). all samples were analyzed for moisture, protein, ash, and lipid contents. bacterial cell counts, ph, and lactic acid con ...	2010	20492273
production and purification of staphylococcal nuclease in lactococcus lactis using a new expression-secretion system and a ph-regulated mini-reactor.	staphylococcal (or micrococcal) nuclease or thermonuclease (snase or nuc) is a naturally-secreted nucleic acid degrading enzyme that participates in staphylococcus aureus spread in the infected host. purified nuc protein can be used as an exogenous reagent to clear cellular extracts and improve protein purification. here, a recombinant form of nuc was produced and secreted in a gram-positive host, lactococcus lactis, and purified from the culture medium.	2010	20492646
immobilization of lactococcus lactis to cellulosic material by cellulose-binding domain of cellvibrio japonicus.	immobilization of whole cells can be used to accumulate cells in a bioreactor and thus increase the cell density and potentially productivity, also. cellulose is an excellent matrix for immobilization purposes because it does not require chemical modifications and is commercially available in many different forms at low price. the aim of this study was to construct a lactococcus lactis strain capable of immobilizing to a cellulosic matrix.	2010	20497279
joseph lister: first use of a bacterium as a 'model organism' to illustrate the cause of infectious disease of humans.	joseph lister's goal was to show that a pure culture of bacterium lactis, normally present in milk, uniquely caused the lactic acid fermentation of milk. to demonstrate this fact he devised a procedure to obtain a pure clonal population of b. lactis, a result that had not previously been achieved for any microorganism. lister equated the process of fermentation with infectious disease and used this bacterium as a model organism, demonstrating its role in fermentation; from this result he made th ...	2010	20503823
enzymatic activity of lactic acid bacteria (with antimicrobial properties) isolated from a traditional spanish cheese.	twenty-four strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from a traditional spanish cheese (genestoso cheese) were evaluated for their enzymatic activities (acidifying and proteolytic abilities and carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, caseinolytic and esterase activities), in order to select indigenous strains of technical interest for the manufacture of cheese. these strains were selected on the basis of their antimicrobial activity relative to five reference strains and were identi ...	2010	20510776
lactococcus lactis: from the dairy industry to antigen and therapeutic protein delivery.	the use of lactococcus lactis in novel biomedical applications is a fast evolving area of interest. quite distinct from its traditional use in the dairy industries, l. lactis has emerged as a potential delivery vector for various antigens as well as therapeutic and immunomodulatory proteins. many recent studies have shown promising results using in vitro or animal models. in addition, the oral administration of human interleukin 10 (hil-10)-secreting l. lactis for the management and treatment of ...	2010	20515614
functional and morphological adaptation to peptidoglycan precursor alteration in lactococcus lactis.	cell wall peptidoglycan assembly is a tightly regulated process requiring the combined action of multienzyme complexes. in this study we provide direct evidence showing that substrate transformations occurring at the different stages of this process play a crucial role in the spatial and temporal coordination of the cell wall synthesis machinery. peptidoglycan substrate alteration was investigated in the gram-positive bacterium lactococcus lactis by substituting the peptidoglycan precursor biosy ...	2010	20525686
phosphoglycerate mutase is a highly efficient enzyme without flux control in lactococcus lactis.	the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (pgm), which catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate, was examined in lactococcus lactis with respect to its function, kinetics and glycolytic flux control. a library of strains with pgm activities ranging between 15-465% of the wild-type level was constructed by replacing the native promoter of pgm with synthetic promoters of varying strengths. the specific growth rate and glucose flux were found to be maximal at the wil ...	2010	20530968
immune responses elicited in mice with recombinant lactococcus lactis expressing f4 fimbrial adhesin faeg by oral immunization.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is a major pathogenic agent causing piglet diarrhea. the major subunit and adhesin faeg of f4(+) etec is an important virulence factor with strong immunogenicity. to determine whether lactococcus lactis (l. lactis) could effectively deliver faeg to the mucosal immune system, recombinant l. lactis expressing faeg was constructed, and immune responses in mice following oral route delivery of recombinant l. lactis were explored. the production of faeg express ...	2010	20532816
probing in vitro interactions between lactococcus lactis and mucins using afm.	this work was devoted to the first afm investigation of the adhesion force to pig gastric mucin (pgm) using lactococcus lactis as the model for lactic acid bacteria. the pgm coating on polystyrene was characterized using a complementary set of multiscale analytical methods, including afm (harmonix mode), xps, and the sessile drop method. the pgm layer, which was mainly composed of c-o, c-n, cooh, conh, and sulfur-related species (protein core and oligosaccharide side chains), was quite homogeneo ...	2010	20540551
evolved lactococcus lactis strains for enhanced expression of recombinant membrane proteins.	the production of complex multidomain (membrane) proteins is a major hurdle in structural genomics and a generic approach for optimizing membrane protein expression is still lacking. we have devised a selection method to isolate mutant strains with improved functional expression of recombinant membrane proteins. by fusing green fluorescent protein and an erythromycin resistance marker (ermc) to the c-terminus of a target protein, one simultaneously selects for variants with enhanced expression ( ...	2010	20542040
ag013, a mouth rinse formulation of lactococcus lactis secreting human trefoil factor 1, provides a safe and efficacious therapeutic tool for treating oral mucositis.	non-clinical studies, focusing on the pharmacodynamics (pd), pharmacokinetics (pk) and safety pharmacology of genetically modified lactococcus lactis (l. lactis) bacteria, engineered to secrete human trefoil factor 1 (htff1), were performed to provide proof-of-concept for the treatment of oral mucositis (om) patients. l. lactis strain sagx0085 was constructed by stably inserting an htff1 expression cassette into the bacterial genome, and clinically formulated as a mouth rinse (coded ag013). pd s ...	2010	20542722
are two better than one? analysis of an ftsk/xer recombination system that uses a single recombinase.	bacteria harbouring circular chromosomes have a xer site-specific recombination system that resolves chromosome dimers at division. in escherichia coli, the activity of the xercd/dif system is controlled and coupled with cell division by the ftsk dna translocase. most xer systems, as xercd/dif, include two different recombinases. however, some, as the lactococcus lactis xers/dif(sl) system, include only one recombinase. we investigated the functional effects of this difference by studying the xe ...	2010	20542912
phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of lactococcus lactis strains isolated from different ecosystems.	lactococcus lactis is the lactic acid bacteria most used in the manufacture of dairy products because of its fast lactose fermentation and flavor production. in this study, l. lactis strains isolated from different sources and previously characterized and evaluated for their capability to produce flavor were compared with respect to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. the variability of phenotypes and genotypes in the l. lactis strains were influenced by the source of isolation. in g ...	2010	20555405
structure and function of cind (ytjd) of lactococcus lactis, a copper-induced nitroreductase involved in defense against oxidative stress.	in lactococcus lactis il1403, 14 genes are under the control of the copper-inducible copr repressor. this so-called copr regulon encompasses the copr regulator, two putative cpx-type copper atpases, a copper chaperone, and 10 additional genes of unknown function. we addressed here the function of one of these genes, ytjd, which we renamed cind (copper-induced nitroreductase). copper, cadmium, and silver induced cind in vivo, as shown by real-time quantitative pcr. a knockout mutant of cind was m ...	2010	20562311
use of waste materials for lactococcus lactis development.	lactococcus lactis is an interesting microorganism with several industrial applications, particularly in the food industry. as well as being a probiotic species, l. lactis produces several metabolites with interesting properties, such as lactic acid (la) and biosurfactants. nevertheless, l. lactis is an especially demanding species since it has strong nutritional requirements, implying the use of complex and expensive culture media.	2010	20564439
bacterial communities associated with the production of artisanal istrian cheese.	in this work we report on the main bacterial microflora typical for fermentation and ripening of traditional istrian cheese. samples from milk as well as istrian cheese were analyzed during the ripening process by using culture independent molecular fingerprinting methods as well as culture based approaches. our results indicate changes in bacterial diversity pattern during the ripening process. differences in bacterial diversity at the same ripening stage among different farms investigated were ...	2010	20576300
community dynamics of bacteria in sourdough fermentations as revealed by their metatranscriptome.	the lactic acid bacterial (lab) community dynamics of two wheat and two spelt sourdough fermentations that were daily back-slopped were monitored during a period of 10 days by hybridizing time-related rna samples, representing the metatranscriptome, to an lab functional gene microarray. to indicate the species present in each hybridized sample, annotation information for the 2,269 oligonucleotides on the microarray was used. the overall hybridization data revealed that after a transition phase o ...	2010	20581179
origin of the putrescine-producing ability of the coagulase-negative bacterium staphylococcus epidermidis 2015b.	a multiplex pcr method, aimed at the detection of genes associated with biogenic amine production, identified the odc gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase in 1 of 15 strains of staphylococcus epidermidis. the ability of the positive strain, s. epidermidis 2015b, to produce putrescine in vitro was demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). in this strain, the odc gene was detected on plasmid dna, suggesting that the ability to form putrescine is carried by a mobile element, w ...	2010	20581187
two nucleoside transporters in lactococcus lactis with different substrate specificities.	in an alternative to biosynthesis of nucleotides, most organisms are capable of exploiting exogenous nucleotide sources. in order to do so, the nucleotide precursors must pass the membrane, which requires the presence of transporters. normally, phosphorylated compounds are not subject to transport, and the utilization of nucleotides is dependent on exogenous phosphatases. the composition of transporters with specificity for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleobases is subject to variatio ...	2010	20595258
metabolic engineering of escherichia coli for the production of succinate from glycerol.	glycerol has become an ideal feedstock for the microbial production of bio-based chemicals due to its abundance, low cost, and high degree of reduction. we have previously reported the pathways and mechanisms for the utilization of glycerol by escherichia coli in minimal salts medium under microaerobic conditions. here we capitalize on such results to engineer e. coli for the production of value-added succinate from glycerol. through metabolic engineering of e. coli metabolism, succinate product ...	2010	20601068
live recombinant lactococcus lactis vaccine expressing aerolysin genes d1 and d4 for protection against aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).	to evaluate a live recombinant lactococcus lactis vaccine expressing aerolysin genes d1 (lac-d1ae) and/or d4 (lac-d4ae) in protection against aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).	2010	20602654
aged beagle dogs have decreased neutrophil phagocytosis and neutrophil-related gene expression compared to younger dogs.	information on aging and the innate immune response in dogs is needed in order to understand the impact of age on the innate immune system and to design diets that might improve age-associated changes in innate immunity. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age on phagocytosis and antibacterial activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, and on expression levels of selected mrna specific for neutrophil migration or killing functions. three groups of beagle dogs were evaluate ...	2010	20605222
preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of the d-xylulose 5-phosphate phosphoketolase from lactococcus lactis.	phosphoketolases are thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes which play a central role in the pentose-phosphate pathway of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. they belong to the family of aldehyde-lyases and in the presence of phosphate ion cleave the carbon-carbon bond of the specific substrate d-xylulose 5-phosphate (or d-fructose 6-phosphate) to give acetyl phosphate and d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (or d-erythrose 4-phosphate). structural information about phosphoketolases is particularl ...	2010	20606278
cocultivation of lactococcus lactis and teredinobacter turnirae for biological chitin extraction from prawn waste.	in this study, mainly biological treatment of prawn waste for chitin production was investigated. lactic acid and protease fermentations were applied to extract chitin from prawn waste in the presence of various glucose concentrations. the results obtained were also compared with those of chemical method which was consisted of first mineral removal and then protein removal sequence. different strategies were applied using lactic acid producing bacterium, lactococcus lactis, and a protease produc ...	2010	19506911
effect of lecithin and starch on alginate-encapsulated probiotic bacteria.	the effect of lecithin and starch on viability of alginate encapsulated probiotics was determined at different temperatures. probiotic organisms (1% v/v>10log cfu ml(-1)) were encapsulated using alginate (2% w/v), gelatinized starches (2% w/v) and lecithin (0-4% w/v) and stored in sealed containers at 4, 23 and 37 degrees c (to simulate shelf storage conditions). incorporation of lecithin improved the entrapment efficiency (p < 0.05) and the viability of encapsulated bacteria (p = 0.02). encapsu ...	2010	19545220
production of bacteriocins by streptococcus bovis strains from australian ruminants.	to examine the prevalence of bacteriocin production in streptococcus bovis isolates from australian ruminants and the feasibility of industrial production of bacteriocin.	2010	19614851
improvement of constipation and liver function by plant-derived lactic acid bacteria: a double-blind, randomized trial.	lactic acid bacteria (lab) contribute to human health; however, the probiotic properties vary among strains classified into the same species. the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yogurts made by different types of lab on the gastrointestinal system. the yogurts were also evaluated by measuring serum lipid contents and liver functional indicators as a secondary objective.	2010	19628371
atypical citrate-fermenting lactococcus lactis strains isolated from dromedary's milk.	the aim was to isolate and characterize lactococcus strains with new properties compared to those of usual lactococcus dairy starters derived from cow's milk.	2010	19663815
calibration of dynamic models of biological systems with kinfer.	methods for parameter estimation that are robust to experimental uncertainties and to stochastic and biological noise and that require a minimum of a priori input knowledge are of key importance in computational systems biology. the new method presented in this paper aims to ensure an inference model that deduces the rate constants of a system of biochemical reactions from experimentally measured time courses of reactants. this new method was applied to some challenging parameter estimation prob ...	2010	19669750
flavins contained in yeast extract are exploited for anodic electron transfer by lactococcus lactis.	cyclic voltammograms of yeast extract-containing medium exhibit a clear redox peak around -0.4v vs. ag\|agcl. fermentative bacterium lactococcus lactis was hereby shown to exploit this redox compound for extracellular electron transfer towards a graphite anode using glucose as an electron donor. high performance liquid chromatography revealed that this may be a flavin-type compound. the ability of l. lactis to exploit exogenous flavins for anodic glucose oxidation was confirmed by tests where fla ...	2010	19717350
heterologous expression of the bacillus subtilis (natto) alanine dehydrogenase in escherichia coli and lactococcus lactis.	the major objective of the present study is to change the alanine production of lactic acid bacteria by expression of bacillus subtilis (natto) alanine dehydrogenase (aladh), the gene that is not present in lactic acid. b. subtilis aladh gene (ald) was cloned into a pgex6p-1 and expressed in e. coli jm109. its enzyme activity was 48.3u/mg at 30 degrees c and 45.2u/mg at 42 degrees c. this ald gene was then cloned into a vector pnz8148 to generate a vector pnz8148/ald. the same ald gene was place ...	2010	19720515
effects of ph profiles on nisin fermentation coupling with foam separation.	online foam separation was proposed to recover nisin during fermentation of lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis atcc 11454. firstly, the optimal ph profile of nisin fermentation was investigated including different realkalization set values and ph drop gradients. then the selected ph profiles of 5.75+/-0.05 and 6.25-5.75 (+/-0.02) were used to perform nisin fermentation coupling with foam separation. the results showed that ph profile of 5.75+/-0.05 was better than that of 6.25-05.75 (+/-0.02) for ...	2010	19730846
constitutive production of the receptor-binding domain of the f18 fimbriae on the surface of lactococcus lactis using synthetic promoters.	nine synthetic constitutive promoters with different activities were produced for the surface display of the receptor-binding domain of the f18 fimbrial adhesin fedf in lactococcus lactis. the promoters were synthesized from an oligonucleotide, designed to allow for randomization of bases between defined lactococcal promoter consensus regions. however, promoters with spontaneous modifications were selected for fedf expression, indicating that the consensus promoter was too strong. the amount of ...	2010	19760121
acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse for lactic acid production.	in order to use sugarcane bagasse as a substrate for lactic acid production, optimum conditions for acid hydrolysis of the bagasse were investigated. after lignin extraction, the conditions were varied in terms of hydrochloric (hcl) or sulfuric (h(2)so(4)) concentration (0.5-5%, v/v), reaction time (1-5h) and incubation temperature (90-120 degrees c). the maximum catalytic efficiency (e) was 10.85 under the conditions of 0.5% of hcl at 100 degrees c for 5h, which the main components (in gl(-1)) ...	2010	19766480
response of gram-positive bacteria to copper stress.	the gram-positive bacteria enterococcus hirae, lactococcus lactis, and bacillus subtilis have received wide attention in the study of copper homeostasis. consequently, copper extrusion by atpases, gene regulation by copper, and intracellular copper chaperoning are understood in some detail. this has provided profound insight into basic principles of how organisms handle copper. it also emerged that many bacterial species may not require copper for life, making copper homeostatic systems pure def ...	2010	19774401
molecular analysis of intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	the aim of this study was to evaluate different molecular tools based on the 16s rrna gene, internal transcribed spacer, and the rpob gene to examine the bacterial populations present in juvenile rainbow trout intestines. dna was extracted from both pooled intestinal samples and bacterial strains. genes were pcr-amplified and analysed using both temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. because of the high cultivability of the ...	2010	19780831
efficacy of a teat dip containing the bacteriocin lacticin 3147 to eliminate gram-positive pathogens associated with bovine mastitis.	on most dairy farms teat dips are applied to the teats of cows either before or after milking in order to prevent pathogens from gaining access to the mammary gland via the teat canal. in the present experiments, a natural teat dip was developed using a fermentate containing the live bacterium lactococcus lactis dpc 3251. this bacterium produces lacticin 3147, a two-component lantibiotic which was previously shown to effectively kill gram-positive mastitis pathogens. lacticin 3147 activity in th ...	2010	19785910
orally administered l. lactis secreting an anti-tnf nanobody demonstrate efficacy in chronic colitis.	inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder. systemic treatment of ibd patients with anti-tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha antibodies has proven to be a highly promising approach, but several drawbacks remain, including side effects related to systemic administration and high cost of treatment. lactococcus lactis was engineered to secrete monovalent and bivalent murine (m)tnf-neutralizing nanobodies as therapeutic proteins. these therapeutic proteins are ...	2010	19794409
hyaluronic acid production is enhanced by the additional co-expression of udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase in lactococcus lactis.	hyaluronic acid (ha) production was metabolically engineered in lactococcus lactis by introducing the ha synthetic machinery from the has operon of the pathogenic bacterium streptococcus zooepidemicus. this study shows that the insertion of uridine diphosphate (udp)-glucose pyrophosphorylase (hasc) gene in addition to the ha synthase (hasa) and udp-glucose dehydrogenase (hasb) genes has a significant impact on increasing ha production. the recombinant l. lactis nz9000 strain transformed with the ...	2010	19862515
adverse effect of nisin resistance protein on nisin-induced expression system in lactococcus lactis.	nisin is a bacteriocin that is widely used as a safe, natural preservative in food products. nisin-controlled gene expression (nice) systems and food-grade expression systems with nisin resistance as the selection marker are increasingly attracting attention owing to their food-grade statuses. however, the putative influence of nisin resistance on nice systems deserves consideration when nisin is used as both the inducer and selection agent in lactococcal strains. in this paper, we described the ...	2010	19879114
phosphoproteomic analysis reveals the multiple roles of phosphorylation in pathogenic bacterium streptococcus pneumoniae.	recent phosphoproteomic characterizations of bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, lactococcus lactis, pseudomonas putida, and pseudomonas aeruginosa have suggested that protein phosphorylation on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues is a major regulatory post-translational modification in bacteria. in this study, we carried out a global and site-specific phosphoproteomic analysis on the gram-positive pathogenic bacterium streptococcus pneumoniae. one hundred and two unique phosphopeptides an ...	2010	19894762
lactic acid bacteria display on the cell surface cytosolic proteins that recognize yeast mannan.	fluorescent-labeled invertase, a hyperglycosylated mannoprotein from saccharomyces cerevisiae, was found to bind to lactococcus lactis il1403 at acidic ph. proteins on the cell wall of the bacterium affinity-purified using invertase as a ligand were identified to be heat shock proteins such as dnak and groel and glycolytic enzymes such as pyruvate kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. dnak bound to both the bacterium and yeast at ph 4 and aggregated them at above 0.1 mg/ml, wherea ...	2010	19898842
neonatal mucosal immunization with a non-living, non-genetically modified lactococcus lactis vaccine carrier induces systemic and local th1-type immunity and protects against lethal bacterial infection.	safe and effective immunization of newborns and infants can significantly reduce childhood mortality, yet conventional vaccines have been largely unsuccessful in stimulating the neonatal immune system. we explored the capacity of a novel mucosal antigen delivery system consisting of non-living, non-genetically modified lactococcus lactis particles, designated as gram-positive enhancer matrix (gem), to induce immune responses in the neonatal setting. yersinia pestis lcrv, used as model protective ...	2010	19924118
nisin-induced expression of pediocin in dairy lactic acid bacteria.	to test whether a single vector, nisin-controlled expression (nice) system could be used to regulate expression of the pediocin operon in streptococcus thermophilus, lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and lactobacillus casei.	2010	19929951
supplementation with engineered lactococcus lactis improves the folate status in deficient rats.	the aim of this study was to establish the bioavailability of different folates produced by engineered lactococcus lactis strains using a rodent depletion-repletion bioassay.	2010	19931414
characterization of the insoluble proteome of lactococcus lactis by sds-page lc-ms/ms leads to the identification of new markers of adaptation of the bacteria to the mouse digestive tract.	we characterized the insoluble proteome of lactococcus lactis using 1d electrophoresis-lc-ms/ms and identified 313 proteins with at least two different peptides. the identified proteins include 89 proteins having a predicted signal peptide and 25 predicted to be membrane-located. in addition, 67 proteins had alkaline isoelectric point values. using spectra and peptide counts, we compared protein abundances in two different conditions: growth in rich medium, and after transit in the mouse digesti ...	2010	20000844
expression of espa in lactococcus lactis nz9000 and the detection of its immune effect in vivo and vitro.	enterhemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec), an important cause of severe infantile diarrheal disease in many parts of the developing world, produced several recently described virulence determinations. several of its virulence factors are secreted by type iii secretion including espa, which forms filamentous structures on bacterial surface bridging to the host cell's surface. these structures on bacterial surfaces may deliver other virulence factors directly into the host cell from ehec. in this s ...	2010	20001787
administration of a probiotic associated with nasal vaccination with inactivated lactococcus lactis-pppa induces effective protection against pneumoccocal infection in young mice.	streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries, where available vaccines are not part of the vaccination calendar. we evaluated different respiratory mucosa immunization protocols that included the nasal administration of lactococcus lactis-pneumococcal protective protein a (pppa) live, inactivated, and in association with a probiotic (lc) to young mice. the animals that received lc by the oral and nasal route presented the highest levels of immun ...	2010	20002449
generation and characterization of thymidine/d-alanine auxotrophic recombinant lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis il1403 expressing bmpb.	genetic engineering of lactococcus lactis to produce a heterologous protein may cause potential risks to the environment despite the industrial usefulness of engineered strains. to reduce the risks, we generated three auxotrophic recombinant l. lactis subsp. lactis il1403 strains expressing a heterologous protein, bmpb, using thya- and alr-targeting integration vectors: itd (thya(-)alr(+) bmpb(+)), iad (thya(+)alr(-)bmpb(+)), and itdad (thya(-)alr(-) bmpb(+)). after construction of integration v ...	2010	20035330