Publications

rapid fluorescence-based measurement of toxicity in anaerobic digestion.	a rapid fluorescence measurement based on resazurin reduction was developed and applied for the detection of toxicants/inhibitors to anaerobic digestion metabolism. by initially using a pure facultative anaerobic strain, enterococcus faecalis as a model organism, this technique proved to be fast and sensitive when detecting the model toxicant, pentachlorophenol (pcp). the technique revealed significant metabolic changes in enterococcus faecalis with a pcp spike ranging from 0.05 to 100 mg/l, and ...	2015	25768985
could β-hemolytic, group b enterococcus faecalis be mistaken for streptococcus agalactiae?	a β-hemolytic enterococcus faecalis strain agglutinating lancefield group a, b, c, d, f, and g antisera was observed from a rectovaginal swab, in the context of antenatal screening for streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]). this is the first multi-lancefield antisera-agglutinating isolate of this species, and it raised particular concern, as it may mimic gbs, leading to false reporting and useless receipt of intrapartum antibiotics.	2015	25766004
re: enterococcus faecalis subverts and invades the host urothelium in patients with chronic urinary tract infection.		2015	25765392
bacteriological findings and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated pathogens from visual threatening ocular infections.	to study the profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria from visual threatening ocular infection.	2015	25764616
fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteremic and low risk febrile neutropenic patients with cancer.	the low risk febrile neutropenic patients with multinational association for supportive care in cancer (mascc) score of more than 20 are recommended to be treated with fluoroquinolone-based oral treatment by the national comprehensive cancer network (nccn) guideline. this recommendation relies, at least partially, on the high sensitivity of the blood culture isolates to fluoroquinolone in clinical trials conducted in western countries. whether this also applies in middle or low income countries ...	2015	25763661
antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid on listeria monocytogenes, enterococcus faecium, and enterococcus faecalis.	this study investigated the antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid against listeria monocytogenes, enterococcus faecium, and enterococcus faecalis. to determine the cytotoxicity of oleanolic acid, hep-2 cells were incubated with oleanolic acid at 37°c. mics (minimal inhibition concentrations) for l. monocytogenes, e. faecium, and e. faecalis were determined using two-fold microdilutions of oleanolic acid, and bacterial cell viability was then assessed by exposing the bacteria to oleanolic acid a ...	2015	25756202
β-lactams enhance daptomycin activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium in in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models.	enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium are frequently resistant to vancomycin and β-lactams. in enterococcal infections with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility, combination therapy is often administered. our objective was to conduct pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) models to evaluate β-lactam synergy with daptomycin (dap) against resistant enterococci. one e. faecalis strain (r6981) and two e. faecium strains (r6370 and 8019) were evaluated. dap mics were obtained. all strains we ...	2015	25753639
fluid dynamics and biofilm removal generated by syringe-delivered and 2 ultrasonic-assisted irrigation methods: a novel experimental approach.	thorough understanding of fluid dynamics in root canal irrigation and corresponding antibiofilm capacity will support improved disinfection strategies. this study aimed to develop a standardized, simulated root canal model that allows real-time analysis of fluid/irrigation dynamics and its correlation with biofilm elimination.	2015	25749254
ag-loaded mesoporous bioactive glasses against enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal of human teeth.	ag-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass (ag-mbg) powders were synthesized and characterized. the ions release of ag-mbgs in tris-hcl and the ph stability of simulated body fluids after immersing ag-mbgs were tested. root canals were inoculated with enterococcus faecalis for 4 weeks, and the antibacterial activity of mbgs, ag-mbgs and calcium hydroxide against e. faecalis biofilm were evaluated. results showed that ag-mbgs possessed highly ordered mesoporous structure with silver nanoparticles depos ...	2015	25748459
[analysis of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance in neonatal purulent meningitis].	to study the clinical characteristics, pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotics resistance of neonatal purulent meningitis in order to provide the guide for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.	2015	25748405
molecular mechanisms of resistance to human pathogenic bacteria in caenorhabditis elegans by mev-1 mediated oxidative stress.	both mutation and knockdown in mev-1 gene render caenorhabditis elegans susceptibility to enterococcus faecalis infection. however, the mechanisms by which of mev-1 defects pathogen resistance remain unclear. here we show that mev-1rnai causes a dramatic decrease in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme expressions, thereby leading to increased e. faecalis accumulation in nematode intestine. mitochondrial superoxide change after infection induced these oxidative responses through daf-16 activi ...	2015	25747713
new antimicrobial contact catalyst killing antibiotic resistant clinical and waterborne pathogens.	microbial growth on medical and technical devices is a big health issue, particularly when microorganisms aggregate to form biofilms. moreover, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the clinical environment is dramatically growing, making treatment of bacterial infections very challenging. in search of an alternative, we studied a novel antimicrobial surface coating based on micro galvanic elements formed by silver and ruthenium with surface catalytic properties. the antimicrobial c ...	2015	25746238
the effect of indomethacin and betamethasone on the cytokine response of human neonatal mononuclear cells to gram-positive bacteria.	intrauterine infections with gram-positive bacteria pose a serious threat to neonates since they can result in neonatal sepsis, induce a fetal inflammatory response and also cause preterm birth. despite intensive care, prematurity remains a leading cause of neonatal death, and is often accompanied by a number of morbidities. in order to prevent premature birth, tocolytic agents like indomethacin are administered. betamethasone is used to promote lung maturation and prevent respiratory distress s ...	2015	25743243
whole-genome mapping of 5' rna ends in bacteria by tagged sequencing: a comprehensive view in enterococcus faecalis.	enterococcus faecalis is the third cause of nosocomial infections. to obtain the first snapshot of transcriptional organizations in this bacterium, we used a modified rna-seq approach enabling to discriminate primary from processed 5' rna ends. we also validated our approach by confirming known features in escherichia coli. we mapped 559 transcription start sites (tsss) and 352 processing sites (psss) in e. faecalis. a blind motif search retrieved canonical features of siga- and sign-dependent p ...	2015	25737579
the fsr quorum-sensing system and cognate gelatinase orchestrate the expression and processing of proprotein ef_1097 into the mature antimicrobial peptide enterocin o16.	a novel antimicrobial peptide designated enterocin o16 was purified from enterococcus faecalis. mass spectrometry showed a monoisotopic mass of 7,231 da, and n-terminal edman degradation identified a 29-amino-acid sequence corresponding to residues 90 to 119 of the ef_1097 protein. bioinformatic analysis showed that enterocin o16 is composed of the 68 most c-terminal residues of the ef_1097 protein. introduction of an in-frame isogenic deletion in the ef1097 gene abolished the production of ente ...	2015	25733609
ec300: a phage-based, bacteriolysin-like protein with enhanced antibacterial activity against enterococcus faecalis.	bacteriophage lytic enzymes, either endolysins or virion-associated lysins, have been receiving considerable attention as potential antibacterial agents, particularly for the combat of antibiotic-resistant gram-positive pathogens. a conclusion that easily emerges from the careful analysis of a great number of reports on the field is that the activity of phage lytic enzymes is rarely studied in conditions that support robust growth of the target bacteria. here, we report the construction and stud ...	2015	25728445
the sfani restriction-modification system from enterococcus faecalis neb215 is located on a putative mobile genetic element.	a type iis restriction-modification (r-m) system sfani from enterococcus faecalis neb215 has been characterized. the sfanim gene was cloned by the methylase selection method. methyltransferase sfani, a protein of 695 amino acids, consists of two domains responsible for different dna-strand recognition and modification, and a putative dna-binding hth domain located in the n-terminal part of the protein. the sfanir gene, located adjacent to the gene of the cognate modification methyltransferases, ...	2015	25724535
validation of a novel rinse and filtration method for efficient processing of fresh produce samples for microbiological indicator enumeration.	several methods have been described to prepare fresh produce samples for microbiological analysis, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. the aim of this study was to compare the performance of a novel combined rinse and membrane filtration method to two alternative sample preparation methods for the quantification of indicator microorganisms from fresh produce. decontaminated cantaloupe melons and jalapeño peppers were surface inoculated with a cocktail containing 10(6) cfu/ml escheric ...	2015	25719876
genome modification in enterococcus faecalis og1rf assessed by bisulfite sequencing and single-molecule real-time sequencing.	enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive bacterium that natively colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract and opportunistically causes life-threatening infections. multidrug-resistant (mdr) e. faecalis strains have emerged, reducing treatment options for these infections. mdr e. faecalis strains have large genomes containing mobile genetic elements (mges) that harbor genes for antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants. bacteria commonly possess genome defense mechanisms to block mge acq ...	2015	25825433
bacterial contamination in tips of electrocautery devices during total hip arthroplasty.	surgical equipment can become contaminated during surgery. it is unknown if electrocautery tips can become contaminated in clean orthopedic procedures despite the produced heat. therefore, we conducted a prospective study to address this concern. the tips from 25 primary and 25 aseptic revision thas were collected and an additional 5 sterile tips served as negative controls. aerobic and anaerobic cultures were incubated for a minimum of 3 days. there were 3 positive cultures (6%); one in primary ...	2015	25817186
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor as an antimicrobial agent to eradicate enterococcus faecalis biofilm.	successful endodontic treatment outcomes require new strategies for the complete eradication of microbial biofilms in the root canal system. matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are essential enzymes in microbial cell growth and homeostasis, and they require transition metal ion cofactors to function. targeting mmp activity also preserves dentin collagen integrity. in this study, 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), a metal chelator, was tested as a potentially novel antimicrobial agent agains ...	2015	25814242
optimizing antibiotic therapy of bacteremia and endocarditis due to staphylococci and enterococci: new insights and evidence from the literature.	gram-positive cocci are a well-recognised major cause of nosocomial infection worldwide. bloodstream infections due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, and multi-drug resistant enterococci are a cause of concern for physicians due to their related morbidity and mortality rates. aim of this article is to review the current state of knowledge regarding the management of bsi caused by staphylococci and enterococci, including infect ...	2015	25813608
bactericidal activity of curcumin i is associated with damaging of bacterial membrane.	curcumin, an important constituent of turmeric, is known for various biological activities, primarily due to its antioxidant mechanism. the present study focused on the antibacterial activity of curcumin i, a significant component of commercial curcumin, against four genera of bacteria, including those that are gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative (escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa). these represent prominent human pathogens, particularly in ...	2015	25811596
antimicrobial activity of apitoxin, melittin and phospholipase a₂ of honey bee (apis mellifera) venom against oral pathogens.	in this work, we used the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) technique to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the apitoxin produced by apis mellifera bees against the causative agents of tooth decay. apitoxin was assayed in natura and in the commercially available form. the antibacterial actions of the main components of this apitoxin, phospholipase a2, and melittin were also assessed, alone and in combination. the following bacteria were tested: streptococcus salivarius, s. sobrinus, s. ...	2015	25806982
biodiversity and γ-aminobutyric acid production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional alpine raw cow's milk cheeses.	"nostrano-cheeses" are traditional alpine cheeses made from raw cow's milk in trentino-alto adige, italy. this study identified lactic acid bacteria (lab) developing during maturation of "nostrano-cheeses" and evaluated their potential to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba), an immunologically active compound and neurotransmitter. cheese samples were collected on six cheese-making days, in three dairy factories located in different areas of trentino and at different stages of cheese ripening (24 ...	2015	25802859
evaluation of apically extruded bacteria associated with different nickel-titanium systems.	the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded bacteria associated with several root canal preparation systems.	2015	25799537
enterococcus species diversity and molecular characterization of biomarker genes in enterococcus faecalis in port blair bay, andaman and nicobar islands, india.	this study was performed to evaluate the abundance and diversity of enterococcus sp. and the distribution of biomarker genes in enterococcus faecalis in port blair bay, andaman and nicobar islands. the enterococcus sp. densities at the seven sampling stations were highly influenced by tidal fluctuations and season. the distributions and diversities of species varied in the inner and outer regions of port blair bay. among the 1816 total isolates, the occurrence of fecal enterococcus was high (1.7 ...	2015	25798888
antibacterial and antioxidant xanthones and benzophenone from garcinia smeathmannii.	a new prenylated xanthone, 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxy-2-(3-methybut-2-enyl)-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl) xanthone (1), and a new benzophenone (2), together with four known xanthone derivatives, cheffouxanthone (3), smeathxanthone a (4), smeathxanthone b (5), ananixanthone (6), and two pentacyclic triterpenes, epi-friedelinol (7) and friedelin (8), were isolated from the stem bark of garcinia smeathmannii. the structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr experiments, and ...	2015	25798641
detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis st6-vanb2 and e. faecium st915-vana in faecal samples of wild rattus rattus in spain.	the detection of vancomycin-resistant-enterococci (vre) among wild animals represents a worrisome public health concern. the objectives of the study were to determine the possible presence of vre in faecal samples of wild small mammals in spain, to characterize the vancomycin resistance mechanisms and genetic lineages of recovered isolates and to know the diversity of enterococcal species in these animals. a total of 155 faecal samples from small mammals were inoculated in slanetz-bartley agar s ...	2015	25795517
antimicrobial activity of seven essential oils from iranian aromatic plants against common causes of oral infections.	over the past two decades, there has been a growing trend in using oral hygienic products originating from natural resources such as essential oils (eos) and plant extracts. seven aromatic plants used in this study are among popular traditional iranian medicinal plants with potential application in modern medicine as anti-oral infectious diseases.	2015	25793100
prevalence, resistance patterns, and risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from retail chicken meat in colombia.	as a step toward implementing the colombian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance (coipars), this study aimed to establish the baseline antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella serovars, escherichia coli, and enterococcus spp. isolates in retail poultry meat from independent stores and from a main chain distributor center. mics of the isolates were determined for antimicrobials used both in humans and animals, using an automated system. salmonella serovars were isol ...	2015	25836401
anaerobic degradation of tannins in acacia nilotica pods by enterococcus faecalis in co-culture with ruminal microbiota.		2015	25833679
collagen degradation and mmp9 activation by enterococcus faecalis contribute to intestinal anastomotic leak.	even under the most expert care, a properly constructed intestinal anastomosis can fail to heal, resulting in leakage of its contents, peritonitis, and sepsis. the cause of anastomotic leak remains unknown, and its incidence has not changed in decades. we demonstrate that the commensal bacterium enterococcus faecalis contributes to the pathogenesis of anastomotic leak through its capacity to degrade collagen and to activate tissue matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9) in host intestinal tissues. we ...	2015	25947163
in vitro effectiveness of brazilian brown propolis against enterococcus faecalis.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of brazilian brown propolis as an intracanal medication against enterococcus faecalis. thirty dentin discs prepared from intact freshly extracted bovine maxillary central incisors were infected with e. faecalis for 21 days. the specimens were distributed into six groups according to the medicament used as follows: g1- calcium hydroxide paste; g2- carbowax 400 (control group); g3- 20% brown propolis paste; g4- 40% brown pro ...	2015	25992787
exploration of the mechanisms of biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis in glucose starvation environments.	enterococcus faecalis is the most common single species present in teeth after failed root canal therapy. this is mainly due to its ability to maintain viability for a long time in filled root canals where nutrients are normally sparse. the aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of e. faecalis survival and biofilm formation in glucose-starved environments.	2015	25990488
relationships between the antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite and treatment time and biofilm age in early enterococcus faecalis biofilms.	to determine the relationships between the antibacterial activity of naocl and treatment time and biofilm age in early enterococcus faecalis biofilms using a linear fitting procedure.	2015	25156394
mutational analysis of critical residues of fad-independent catabolic acetolactate synthase from enterococcus faecalis v583.	catabolic acetolactate synthase (cals) from enterococcus faecalis is a fad-independent enzyme, which catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of pyruvate to produce acetolactate. mutational and kinetic analyses of variants suggested the importance of h111, q112, and q411 residues for catalysis in cals. the wild-type and variants were expressed as equally soluble proteins and co-migrated to a size of 60 kda on sds-page. importantly, h111 in cals, which is widely present as phenylalanine in man ...	2015	25128823
mckittrick-wheelock syndrome complicated by enterococcus faecalis endocarditis: a unique combination.		2015	25112151
positively charged imidazolium-based ionic liquid-protected silver nanoparticles: a promising disinfectant in root canal treatment.	to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (ag nps) with different surface charges in order to evaluate their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity in the absence and presence of dentine compared with naocl and chx.	2015	25269666
the type i toxin-antitoxin par locus from enterococcus faecalis plasmid pad1: rna regulation by both cis- and trans-acting elements.	the pad1 par determinant was the first type i toxin-antitoxin system identified in gram-positive bacteria and has recently been shown to be the prototype of a family of loci that is widespread in these organisms. all family members have (i) convergently transcribed toxin message and regulatory rnas, (ii) three non-contiguous complementary regions for potential interaction, and (iii) intramolecular structures within the toxin message that modulate translation and transcript stability. therefore, ...	2015	25312777
oligomerization of esculin improves its antibacterial activity and modulates antibiotic resistance.	in this particular study, the antibacterial activity of esculin and oligomer fractions was assessed. mic values of esculin and its oligomer fractions as well as of some antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative strains and against escherichia coli multiresistant variants were determined by the standard broth microdilution method. both esculin and oligoesculin fractions exhibited antibacterial effect against reference strains; staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, salmonella ent ...	2015	25248728
transcriptomic response of enterococcus faecalis v583 to low hydrogen peroxide levels.	enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of human and other mammals, but is also increasingly recognized as an opportunistic human pathogen. oxidative stress is one of the major challenges encountered by enterococci, both in their natural environment and during infection. in this paper, we evaluated the transcriptomic response of e. faecalis to oxidative stress, and showed that transcript abundance was reduced for 93 genes and increased ...	2015	25245959
recurrent linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecalis infection in a patient with pneumonia.	it has been reported that lzd-resistant enterococcus in the gastrointestinal tract of mice colonizes persistently and shows variable minimum inhibitor concentration (mic) values. however, the colonization characteristics of enterococcus with lzd resistance in patients remain elusive. here, we report the case of a patient with recurrent pneumonia due to infection with lzd-resistant enterococcus faecalis strains. the colonization characteristics of the strains isolated from this patient were analy ...	2015	25236388
construction of a chimeric lysin ply187n-v12c with extended lytic activity against staphylococci and streptococci.	developing chimeric lysins with a wide lytic spectrum would be important for treating some infections caused by multiple pathogenic bacteria. in the present work, a novel chimeric lysin (ply187n-v12c) was constructed by fusing the catalytic domain (ply187n) of the bacteriophage lysin ply187 with the cell binding domain (146-314aa, v12c) of the lysin plyv12. the results showed that the chimeric lysin ply187n-v12c had not only lytic activity similar to ply187n against staphylococcal strains but al ...	2015	25219798
the surface rhamnopolysaccharide epa of enterococcus faecalis is a key determinant of intestinal colonization.	enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium of the human intestine and a major opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised and elderly patients. the pathogenesis of e. faecalis infection relies in part on its capacity to colonize the gut. following disruption of intestinal homeostasis, e. faecalis can overgrow, cross the intestinal barrier, and enter the lymph and bloodstream. to identify and characterize e. faecalis genes that are key to intestinal colonization, our strategy consisted in scr ...	2015	25035517
potential for nosocomial transmission of enterococcus faecalis from surfaces in dental operatories.	to assess the potential for nosocomial transmission of enterococcus faecalis during root canal treatment by measuring its occurrence on surfaces in dental operatories in relation to the efficacy of disinfection routines.	2015	25066305
antibiofilm activity of three irrigation protocols activated by ultrasonic, diode laser or er:yag laser in vitro.	to investigate the impact of three irrigation protocols, activated by three different methods, on mature biofilms of enterococcus faecalis in vitro.	2015	25080240
photodynamic killing of enterococcus faecalis in dentinal tubules using mthpc incorporated in liposomes and invasomes.	the present in vitro study investigates the antimicrobial photodynamic efficiency of the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mthpc) incorporated in liposomes (lip) and highly flexible invasomes (inv) on the endodontopathogenic species enterococcus faecalis in infected dental root canals.	2015	24950607
influence of working length and apical preparation size on apical bacterial extrusion during reciprocating instrumentation.	to evaluate the influence of reciprocating single-file instrumentation with different working lengths (wl) and apical preparation sizes on apical bacterial extrusion.	2015	25087922
autoimmune neutropenia of infancy with recurrent urinary tract infections: a case report.	autoimmune neutropenia of infancy is characterized by minor intercurrent infections despite severe neutropenia; severe bacterial infections are uncommon. an infant developed recurrent urinary tract infections at 9 and 11 months of age. the identified uropathogens were escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis, respectively. empirical treatment with carbapenems, as broad-spectrum antibiotics, promptly resolved the infection without sequelae. febrile neutropenic children with cancer and autoimmun ...	2015	24942028
commensal bacteria drive endogenous transformation and tumour stem cell marker expression through a bystander effect.	commensal bacteria and innate immunity play a major role in the development of colorectal cancer (crc). we propose that selected commensals polarise colon macrophages to produce endogenous mutagens that initiate chromosomal instability (cin), lead to expression of progenitor and tumour stem cell markers, and drive crc through a bystander effect.	2015	24906974
modified lactic acid bacteria detect and inhibit multiresistant enterococci.	we designed lactococcus lactis to detect enterococcus faecalis. upon detection, l. lactis produce and secrete antienterococcal peptides. the peptides inhibit enterococcal growth and reduce viability of enterococci in the vicinity of l. lactis. the enterococcal sex pheromone ccf10 serves as the signal for detection. expression vectors derived from pcf10, a ccf10-responsive e. faecalis sex-pheromone conjugative plasmid, were engineered in l. lactis for the detection system. recombinant host strain ...	2015	24896372
characterisation of the antibacterial effect of polyethyleneimine nanoparticles in relation to particle distribution in resin composite.	to characterise the antibacterial effect of resin composite incorporating cross-linked quaternised polyethyleneimine (qpei) nanoparticles in relation to their distribution in the bulk material.	2015	24881908
production of lactic acid using a new homofermentative enterococcus faecalis isolate.	lactic acid is an intermediate-volume specialty chemical for a wide range of food and industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and chemical syntheses. although lactic acid production has been well documented, improved production parameters that lead to reduced production costs are always of interest in industrial developments. in this study, we describe the production of lactic acid at high concentration, yield and volumetric productivity utilizing a novel homofermentative, fac ...	2015	24894833
assessment of dentinal tubule invasion capacity of enterococcus faecalis under stress conditions ex vivo.	to investigate the dentinal tubule invasion capacity of enterococcus faecalis under alkaline and energy starvation stress conditions.	2015	24872016
urinary tract infection caused by enterococcus isolates: aetiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns.	the purpose of this study was to analyse the data on resistance in enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium isolated from urine samples of inpatients from january 2010 to december 2013. compared to e. faecalis, e. faecium isolates were significantly more resistant to ampicilin, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin in the antimicrobial agents evaluated. both species showed higher resistance to high-level gentamicin. the rate of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in e. faecium was higher as compared ...	2015	24835052
antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite/etidronate irrigant solutions against enterococcus faecalis biofilms.	to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite alone (naocl) and associated with 9% hebp (naocl/hebp), 2% peracetic acid (paa) and 2% chlorhexidine (chx), on the viability of enterococcus faecalis biofilms attached to dentine.	2015	25515403
the catastrophic journey of a retained temporary epicardial pacemaker wire leading to enterococcus faecalis endocarditis and subsequent stroke.	a 52-year-old man underwent triple coronary artery bypass graft (cabg). three months later, he presented to the emergency room with dizziness and left-sided weakness. workup revealed right frontal parenchymal haemorrhage; also, two retained temporary epicardial pacemaker wires (tepw) from his previous cabg were observed, one of which had significantly migrated. one wire was found in the soft tissues below the heart; the other transversed the mediastinum from the expected location of the right at ...	2015	25568268
effects of the probiotic enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 on selected lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria in co-culture.	enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 is used as a probiotic for piglets and has been shown to modify the porcine intestinal microbiota. however, the mode of action of this probiotic modification is still unclear. one possible explanation is the direct growth inhibiting or stimulating effect of the probiotic on other indigenous bacteria. therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the growth interactions of the probiotic with different indigenous porcine bacteria in vitro. reference strain ...	2015	25519527
antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin isolated from serratia marcescens ufpeda 398.	prodigiosin is an alkaloid and natural red pigment produced by serratia marcescens. prodigiosin has antimicrobial, antimalarial and antitumor properties and induces apoptosis in t and b lymphocytes. these properties have piqued the interest of researchers in the fields of medicine, pharmaceutics and different industries. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin against pathogenic micro-organisms. the red pigments produced by s. marcescens exhibited a ...	2015	25549906
bactericidal efficacy of cold plasma at different depths of infected root canals in vitro.	cold plasma (cp) has been shown to be effective even against multiresistant microorganisms. as previous investigations on the effect of cp in root canals showed promising results, the aim of the present study was to analyze the bactericidal efficacy of cp in different depths of infected dentin.	2015	26962378
detection of listeria monocytogenes with short peptide fragments from class iia bacteriocins as recognition elements.	we employed a direct peptide-bacteria binding assay to screen peptide fragments for high and specific binding to listeria monocytogenes. peptides were screened from a peptide array library synthesized on cellulose membrane. twenty four peptide fragments (each a 14-mer) were derived from three potent anti-listerial peptides, leucocin a, pediocin pa1, and curvacin a, that belong to class iia bacteriocins. fragment leu10 (geafsagvhrlang), derived from the c-terminal region of leucocin a, displayed ...	2015	25548942
population biology of intestinal enterococcus isolates from hospitalized and nonhospitalized individuals in different age groups.	the diversity of enterococcal populations from fecal samples from hospitalized (n = 133) and nonhospitalized individuals (n = 173) of different age groups (group i, ages 0 to 19 years; group ii, ages 20 to 59 years; group iii, ages ≥60 years) was analyzed. enterococci were recovered at similar rates from hospitalized and nonhospitalized persons (77.44% to 79.77%) of all age groups (75.0% to 82.61%). enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium were predominant, although seven other enterococcu ...	2015	25548052
tyramine biosynthesis is transcriptionally induced at low ph and improves the fitness of enterococcus faecalis in acidic environments.	enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium of the human gut that requires the ability to pass through the stomach and therefore cope with low ph. e. faecalis has also been identified as one of the major tyramine producers in fermented food products, where they also encounter acidic environments. in the present work, we have constructed a non-tyramine-producing mutant to study the role of the tyramine biosynthetic pathway, which converts tyrosine to tyramine via amino acid decarboxylation. wi ...	2015	25529314
using a genome-scale metabolic model of enterococcus faecalis v583 to assess amino acid uptake and its impact on central metabolism.	increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria necessitates the development of new medication strategies. interfering with the metabolic network of the pathogen can provide novel drug targets but simultaneously requires a deeper and more detailed organism-specific understanding of the metabolism, which is often surprisingly sparse. in light of this, we reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic model of the pathogen enterococcus faecalis v583. the manually curated metabolic network comprise ...	2015	25527553
effects of epigallocatechin gallate against enterococcus faecalis biofilm and virulence.	epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea (camellia sinesis) has been shown to exert antimicrobial effects on numerous bacterial pathogens. however its efficacy against enterococcus faecalis biofilm, which is associated with persistent root canal infection is unknown. the aims of this study were to investigate the effects of egcg against e. faecalis biofilm and virulence.	2015	25526623
different vana elements in e. faecalis and in e. faecium suggest at least two origins of tn1546 among vre in a brazilian hospital.	in 2009 during surveillance in a brazilian hospital, many patients were confirmed to be colonized by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and a few infection cases occurred. among 14 isolates of enterococcus faecalis, most had the same pulsotype, virulence profile (agg(+)elra(+)gele(+)), and were sequence type (st)103, indicating dissemination of a clone. the 47 enterococcus faecium were separated into four pulsotypes, the predominant virulence profile being esp(+)acm(+). all of them harbored ...	2015	25588068
characterisation of the efficacy of endodontic medications using a three-dimensional fluorescent tooth model: an ex vivo study.	the purpose of this study was to establish a three-dimensional fluorescent tooth model to investigate bacterial viability against intra-canal medicaments across the thickness and surface of root dentine. dental microbial biofilms (enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus mutans) were established on the external root surface and bacterial kill was monitored over time against intra-canal medicament (ca(oh)2 ) using fluorescent microscopy in conjunction with baclight syto9 and propidium iodide stain ...	2015	25583457
l-lactate production from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by metabolically engineered enterococcus faecalis: cytotoxic evaluation of biodiesel waste and development of a glycerol-inducible gene expression system.	biodiesel waste is a by-product of the biodiesel production process that contains a large amount of crude glycerol. to reuse the crude glycerol, a novel bioconversion process using enterococcus faecalis was developed through physiological studies. the e. faecalis strain w11 could use biodiesel waste as a carbon source, although cell growth was significantly inhibited by the oil component in the biodiesel waste, which decreased the cellular nadh/nad(+) ratio and then induced oxidative stress to c ...	2015	25576618
the new schiff base 4-[(4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-5-methoxy-benzylidene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one: experimental, dft calculational studies and in vitro antimicrobial activity.	the synthesized schiff base, 4-[(4-hydroxy-3-fluoro-5-methoxy-benzylidene)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (i), has been characterized by (13)c nmr, (1)h nmr, 2d nmr ((1)h-(1)h cosy and (13)c apt), ft-ir, uv-vis and x-ray single-crystal techniques. molecular geometry of the compound i in the ground state, vibrational frequencies and chemical shift values have been calculated by using the density functional method (dft) with 6-311++g(d,p) basis set. the obtained results indi ...	2015	25574656
ex vivo evaluation of three instrumentation techniques on e. faecalis biofilm within oval shaped root canals.	the objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of reciprocating instrumentation in disinfecting oval-shaped root canals infected with enterococcus faecalis. forty-five human lower premolars were infected with a culture of e. faecalis (atcc 29212) for 28 days. five other teeth that were neither contaminated nor instrumented were used as controls. the 45 specimens were divided into three experimental groups (n = 15) based on the root canal preparation technique used: manual (k- ...	2015	25627890
update of the telavancin activity in vitro tested against a worldwide collection of gram-positive clinical isolates (2013), when applying the revised susceptibility testing method.	a revised broth microdilution susceptibility testing method for telavancin was approved by the food and drug administration (fda). telavancin activity was assessed against gram-positive pathogens collected worldwide (2013) using the revised method. a total of 12,346 isolates from 90 sites were included as part of the telavancin international surveillance program for the americas, europe, and asia-pacific. telavancin had mic50 and mic90 values of 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively, against staphyl ...	2015	25618421
dietary enterococcus faecalis lab31 improves growth performance, reduces diarrhea, and increases fecal lactobacillus number of weaned piglets.	lactic acid bacteria (lab) have been shown to enhance performance of weaned piglets. however, few studies have reported the addition of lab enterococcus faecalis as alternatives to growth promoting antibiotics for weaned piglets. this study evaluated the effects of dietary e. faecalis lab31 on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, fecal bacterial and lactobacillus communities in weaned piglets. a total of 360 piglets weaned at 26 ± 2 days of age were randomly allotted to ...	2015	25617897
synthesis of silver nanoparticles using solanum trilobatum fruits extract and its antibacterial, cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell line mcf 7.	in the present study, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles by a simple and eco-friendly method using unripe fruits of solanum trilobatum. the aqueous silver ions when exposed to unripe fruits extract were reduced and stabilized over long time resulting in biosynthesis of surface functionalized silver nanoparticles. the bio-reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by uv-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmissio ...	2015	25613692
gold nanoshell-decorated silicone surfaces for the near-infrared (nir) photothermal destruction of the pathogenic bacterium e. faecalis.	catheter-related infections (cris) are associated with the formation of pathogenic biofilms on the surfaces of silicone catheters, which are ubiquitous in medicine. these biofilms provide protection against antimicrobial agents and facilitate the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. the application of photothermal agents on catheter surfaces is an innovative approach to overcoming biofilm-generated cris. gold nanoshells (aunss) represent a promising photothermal tool, because they ...	2015	25611157
antibiotic resistance prevalence in routine bloodstream isolates from children's hospitals varies substantially from adult surveillance data in europe.	surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (amr) is central for defining appropriate strategies to deal with changing amr levels. it is unclear whether childhood amr patterns differ from those detected in isolates from adult patients.	2015	25607829
fluoride varnish as root canal sealer: a scanning electron microscopy and bacterial penetration study.	this study was carried out to evaluate the bacterial leakage of root canal fillings when cavity varnish containing 5% fluoride (duraflur) was used as root canal sealer.	2015	25598813
antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide against enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study.	enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) has the ability to invade the dentinal tubules and resist high ph levels. as a result, calcium hydroxide (ch) is not much effective on this bacterium. in theory, nanoparticle calcium hydroxide (nch) has smaller size and high surface area that enables it to penetrate into the deeper layers of dentin and be more effective on e. faecalis. this in vitro study was designed to compare the antimicrobial activity of nch and ch against e. faecalis.	2015	25598808
efficacy of 3d conforming nickel titanium rotary instruments in eliminating canal wall bacteria from oval-shaped root canals.	to evaluate the effectiveness of trushape® 3d conforming files, compared with twisted files, in reducing bacteria load from root canal walls, in the presence or absence of irrigant agitation.	2015	25593001
cytotoxic and antibacterial angucycline- and prodigiosin-analogues from the deep-sea derived streptomyces sp. scsio 11594.	two new c-glycoside angucyclines, marangucycline a (1) and marangucycline b (2), along with three known compounds, dehydroxyaquayamycin (3), undecylprodigiosin (4) and metacycloprodigiosin (5), have been identified as products of the deep-sea sediment strain streptomyces sp. scsio 11594. new structures were elucidated on the basis of hresims, 1d and 2d nmr analyses and comparisons to previously reported datasets. compounds 2 and 4 displayed in vitro cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines a5 ...	2015	25786061
antimicrobial activity of plectasin nz2114 in combination with cell wall targeting antibiotics against vana-type enterococcus faecalis.	antimicrobial peptide plectasin targeting bacterial cell wall precursor lipid ii has been reported to be active against benzylpenicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae but less potent against vancomycin-resistant enterococci than their susceptible counterparts. the aim of this work was to test plectasin nz2114 in combination with cell wall targeting antibiotics on vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis. the activity of antibiotic combinations was evaluated against vana-type vancomycin-re ...	2015	25785733
hydrogel-based microfluidic incubator for microorganism cultivation and analyses.	this work presents an array of microfluidic chambers for on-chip culturing of microorganisms in static and continuous shear-free operation modes. the unique design comprises an in-situ polymerized hydrogel that forms gas and reagent permeable culture wells in a glass chip. utilizing a hydrophilic substrate increases usability by autonomous capillary priming. the thin gel barrier enables efficient oxygen supply and facilitates on-chip analysis by chemical access through the gel without introducin ...	2015	25784966
increased membrane surface positive charge and altered membrane fluidity leads to cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance in enterococcus faecalis.	to understand the role of cell membrane phospholipids during resistance development to cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps) in enterococcus faecalis, gradual dose-dependent single exposure pediocin-resistant (pedr) mutants of e. faecalis (efv2.1, efv3.1, efv3.2, efv4.1, efv4.2, efv5.1, efv5.2 and efv5.3), conferring simultaneous resistance to other camps, selected in previous study were characterized for cell membrane phospholipid head-groups and fatty acid composition. the involvement of pho ...	2015	25782727
unraveling antimicrobial resistance genes and phenotype patterns among enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail chicken products in japan.	multidrug-resistant enterococci are considered crucial drivers for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants within and beyond a genus. these organisms may pass numerous resistance determinants to other harmful pathogens, whose multiple resistances would cause adverse consequences. therefore, an understanding of the coexistence epidemiology of resistance genes is critical, but such information remains limited. in this study, our first objective was to determine the prevalence of ...	2015	25781022
a genomic virulence reference map of enterococcus faecalis reveals an important contribution of phage03-like elements in nosocomial genetic lineages to pathogenicity in a caenorhabditis elegans infection model.	in the present study, the commensal and pathogenic host-microbe interaction of enterococcus faecalis was explored using a caenorhabditis elegans model system. the virulence of 28 e. faecalis isolates representing 24 multilocus sequence types (mlsts), including human commensal and clinical isolates as well as isolates from animals and of insect origin, was investigated using c. elegans strain glp-4 (bn2ts); sek-1 (km4). this revealed that 6 e. faecalis isolates behaved in a commensal manner with ...	2015	25776747
in vitro activity of gentamicin, vancomycin or amikacin combined with edta or l-arginine as lock therapy against a wide spectrum of biofilm-forming clinical strains isolated from catheter-related infections.	treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infections (crbsi) is hampered by the characteristic tolerance of bacterial biofilms towards antibiotics. our objective was to study the effect of the combination of antibiotics and the alkaline amino acid l-arginine or the cation chelator edta on the bacterial killing of in vitro biofilms formed by an array of clinical strains responsible for crbsi and representative of epidemiologically relevant bacterial species.	2015	25712314
spread of an enterococcus faecalis sequence type 6 (cc2) clone in patients undergoing selective decontamination of the digestive tract.	enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) is a common cause of nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients. the presence and dissemination of high-risk clonal complexes, such as cc2, is an ongoing problem in hospitals. the aim of this work was to characterize 24 e. faecalis isolates from icu patients undergoing selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd) by phenotypical (antimicrobial susceptibility) and genotypical (presence of virulence genes, rapd-pcr and mlst) methods. our result ...	2015	25712203
novel coating of surgical suture confers antimicrobial activity against porphyromonas gingivalis and enterococcus faecalis.	the oral cavity is colonized by >10(9) bacteria, many of which can increase heart disease risk when seeded into the bloodstream. most dentoalveolar surgeries require the use of surgical sutures. suture placement and removal can increase the risk of postoperative infection and bacteremia. the aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a novel quaternary ammonium compound, k21, when coated on different suture materials.	2015	25703732
ultrasonic activation and chemical modification of photosensitizers enhances the effects of photodynamic therapy against enterococcus faecalis root-canal isolates.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (pdt) on enterococcus faecalis biofilms in artificially infected root canals using modified photosensitizers and passive ultrasonic activation.	2015	25703104
biofilms of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from the processing of ricotta and the control of these pathogens through cleaning and sanitization procedures.	the biofilm formation of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from the processing of ricotta on stainless steel coupons was evaluated, and the effect of cleaning and sanitization procedures in the control of these biofilms was determined. the formation of biofilms was observed while varying the incubation temperature (7, 25 and 39°c) and time (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days). at 7°c, the counts of e. faecalis and e. faecium were below 2 log10 cfu/cm(2). for the temperatures of 25 an ...	2015	25702883
effects of ciprofloxacin-containing scaffolds on enterococcus faecalis biofilms.	antibiotic-containing polymer-based nanofibers (hereafter referred to as scaffolds) have demonstrated great potential for their use in regenerative endodontics from both an antimicrobial and cytocompatibility perspective. this study sought to evaluate in vitro the effects of ciprofloxacin (cip)-containing polymer scaffolds against enterococcus faecalis biofilms.	2015	25698261
nonselective mevalonate kinase inhibitor as a novel class of antibacterial agents.	introduction. there are a few evidences about targeting isoprenoids biosynthesis pathway in bacteria for finding new antibiotics. this study was conducted to assess antibacterial effects of vanadyl sulfate (vs), one of the mevalonate kinase inhibitors to find a new target for killing bacteria. materials and methods. antibacterial effect of vs alone and in combination with glycine or edta was assessed on escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa as gram-negative and staphylococcus aureus and en ...	2015	25692035
the effect of diluted triple and double antibiotic pastes on dental pulp stem cells and established enterococcus faecalis biofilm.	to investigate the effect of various dilutions of antibiotic medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on the survival of human dental pulp stem cells (dpscs) and to determine their antibacterial effect against established enterococcus faecalis biofilm.	2015	25689981
orosomucoid 1 drives opportunistic infections through the polarization of monocytes to the m2b phenotype.	orosomucoid (orm, composed of two isoforms, orm1 and orm2) has been described as an inducer of m2 macrophages, which are cells that decrease host antibacterial innate immunities. however, it is unknown which phenotypes of m2 macrophages are induced by orm. in this study, healthy donor monocytes stimulated with orm (orm-monocytes) were characterized phenotypically and biologically. ccl1 (a biomarker of m2b macrophages) and il-10 were detected in monocyte cultures supplemented with orm1; however, ...	2015	25689617
growth-dependent photoinactivation kinetics of enterococcus faecalis.	to investigate how the growth stage of enterococcus faecalis affects its photoinactivation in clear water.	2015	25688992
[synergistic effects of lysozyme with edta-2na on antibacterial activity].	to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effects of lysozyme with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (edta-2na) on enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) and porphyromonas endodontalis (p. endodontalis).	2015	25686329
antimicrobial peptides expressed in medicinal maggots of the blow fly lucilia sericata show combinatorial activity against bacteria.	the larvae of the common green bottle fly (lucilia sericata) produce antibacterial secretions that have a therapeutic effect on chronic and nonhealing wounds. recent developments in insect biotechnology have made it possible to use these larvae as a source of novel anti-infectives. here, we report the application of next-generation rna sequencing (rna-seq) to characterize the transcriptomes of the larval glands, crop, and gut, which contribute to the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (amps) an ...	2015	25666157
bioluminescence based biosensors for quantitative detection of enterococcal peptide-pheromone activity reveal inter-strain telesensing in vivo during polymicrobial systemic infection.	enterococcus faecalis is a significant threat in the nosocomial setting due to the emergence of isolates that are multi-antibiotic resistant, refractory to the available therapies and equipped with a variety of pathogenicity determinants. this bacterium uses quorum-sensing systems to regulate its physiological processes, including the expression of virulence traits, to adapt and proliferate within a host. here, we describe the construction and application of two bioluminescence-based reporter sy ...	2015	25661457
enterococcus faecalis with capsule polysaccharides type 2 and biofilm-forming capacity in indonesians requiring endodontic treatment.	the aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) strains isolated from saliva and infected root canal samples from indonesians requiring endodontic treatment.	2015	25641820
phage-mediated dispersal of biofilm and distribution of bacterial virulence genes is induced by quorum sensing.	the microbiome and the phage meta-genome within the human gut are influenced by antibiotic treatments. identifying a novel mechanism, here we demonstrate that bacteria use the universal communication molecule ai-2 to induce virulence genes and transfer them via phage release. high concentrations (i.e. 100 μm) of ai-2 promote dispersal of bacteria from already established biofilms, and is associated with release of phages capable of infecting other bacteria. enterococcus faecalis v583δabc harbour ...	2015	25706310