Publications

molecular surface characterization of oral streptococci by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	in order to characterize the molecular composition of oral streptococci, infrared transmission spectroscopy on freeze-dried cells dissolved in kbr was used. all infrared spectra show similar absorption bands for the strains studied with the most important absorption bands located at 2930 cm-1 (ch), 1653 cm-1 (ami), 1541 cm-1 (amii) and two bands at 1236 cm-1 and 1082 cm-1, which were assigned to phosphate and sugar groups. however, calculation of absorption band ratios normalized with respect to ...	1989	2730916
production of mutacin-like substances by streptococcus mutans.	production of inhibitory substances by strains of the streptococcus mutans group is well documented, but the nature of the substances implied is often unknown. of nine laboratory strains known to produce inhibitory substances, the optimal conditions for producing inhibition zones on solid media were found to vary between strains but good production was generally obtained on all-purpose media with tween 80 at 37 degrees c after 2-4 days of aerobic incubation. streptococcus sanguis ny101 was found ...	1989	2731078
roxithromycin as a possible agent for prophylaxis of endocarditis: a study in normal volunteers.	a single dose of roxithromycin, 300 mg, was taken by six healthy male volunteers on three occasions at consecutive weekly intervals. it was well tolerated. on the first two occasions, roxithromycin was assayed in serum samples taken at intervals up to 8 h after the administration. the mean peak concentration at 1 h was 3.0 mg/l (range 0.3-7.3). the serum samples from the volunteers showed variable bactericidal activity against a strain of streptococcus sanguis isolated from a case of bacterial e ...	1989	2732123
root canal microflora: qualitative changes after endodontic instrumentation.	the changes in the pattern of bacteria in root canal after repeated washing with naocl and endodontic instrumentation were evaluated. samples were obtained from the root canals of patients before and after endodontic instrumentation, and analyzed according to the usual microbiological techniques. washing with naocl and endodontic instrumentation act against bacteria such as peptostreptococci, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces israelii, proteus mirabilis, bacteroides, whereas streptococcus lacti ...	1989	2732777
aerococcus-like organism--an unnoticed urinary tract pathogen.	aerococci are only occasionally isolated from urinary tract specimens. a 4-month' survey revealed 29 patients suspected of urinary tract infection (uti), from whom an aerococcus-like organism (alo) was isolated in significant numbers from urinary tract specimens and singly in 11 cases. approximately 0.8% of all urinary tract specimens examined during the period yielded growth of alo. the median age of patients was 75 years. half of the patients were found to have conditions predisposing to uti. ...	1989	2736106
effect of neuraminidase on the adherence to salivary pellicle of streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mitis.	neuraminidase-sensitive adherence to experimental salivary pellicles was studied using eight strains of streptococcus sanguis and five strains of streptococcus mitis. approximately 60% of the strains of each species showed significantly lower adherence to neuraminidase-treated versus untreated saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. in addition, the adherence of several of these streptococcal strains to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and neuraminidase-treated saliva-coated hydroxyapatite was inhibited using ...	1989	2736574
antimicrobial and antiplaque effects of a chlorhexidine and triton x-100 combination.	this study aimed to assess the in vitro antimicrobial effect and in vivo plaque-inhibiting capacity of chlorhexidine (ch) combined with the nonionic detergent triton x-100. synergistic inhibition was observed by the combination of triton x-100 and ch on in vitro growth of s. sobrinus omz 176 and of s. sanguis 10556. in the clinical experiments, 10 subjects rinsed twice daily with 10 ml aqueous solutions of 11.6 mm triton x-100, and 0.55 mm ch, and with a combination of the two agents. all mechan ...	1989	2740834
determination of viridans streptococci surface lipoteichoic acid by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay.	an enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (elisa) was developed to measure bacterial surface lipoteichoic acid (lta). numerous strains of oral streptococci belonging to the 'viridans' group were examined on three separate occasions. the results show that, under these cultural conditions, oral streptococci do not normally express lta on the cell surface. occasionally strains produced amounts of lta detectable using the elisa but this was not a reproducible phenomenon.	1989	2744420
microflora in plaque from approximal posterior composite resin restorations.		1989	2756097
determination of the absolute configuration of the sugar residues of complex polysaccharides by circular dichroism spectroscopy.	circular dichroism spectroscopy is used to determine the absolute configuration of the constituent sugar residues of bacterial polysaccharides from two strains of streptococcus sanguis which are important receptors in bacterial coaggregation in the formation of dental plaque. a high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for carbohydrate analysis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and polysaccharides has been extended to sugar chirality determination by collection of the eluted hplc fractions and su ...	1989	2757197
bacterial meningitis following epidural anesthesia for vaginal delivery: a case report.	acute bacterial meningitis following epidural anesthesia is a rare event. we describe a case in which a young woman received epidural anesthesia for vaginal delivery. the initial attempt at placement of the epidural resulted in entry into the subarachnoid space. the patient's postpartum course was complicated by persistent headache. she received epidural blood patch on two occasions, but her headache continued and she developed persistent fever. the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis was ma ...	1989	2761926
the microbiota of early periodontitis lesions in adults.	the predominant cultivable microbiota of shallow progressive (active) periodontal lesions in 4 adults (29-40 years) was compared to that of shallow inactive sites. periodontal attachment levels were monitored longitudinally, and sites showing 2-3 mm attachment loss in the previous 1-2 months were considered disease active. inactive sites showed no change in attachment level. the microbiota of shallow sites was dominated by gram negative rod species including wolinella recta, bacteroides forsythu ...	1989	2768541
the effect of chlorhexidine on streptococcus sanguis biofilms.	the bactericidal effect of chlorhexidine on streptococcus sanguis biofilms was investigated and compared with its effect on suspensions of the organism. the biofilms were found to be more resistant to the bactericidal effects of chlorhexidine than the bacterial suspensions in terms of the number of surviving organisms. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) being 25 and 50 micrograms/ml, respectively, for the suspension and the 24 h biofilm. the age of the biofilm had a marked effect on the ...	1989	2770556
[frequency and severity of systemic infections caused by streptococcus mitis and sanguis ii in neutropenic children].	we have retrospectively evaluated 24 sepsis episodes caused by viridans streptococci in 23 neutropenic children during a 21 months period at the pediatric hematology unit of st. louis hospital. the underlying malignancies included acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute non lymphoblastic leukemia, aplastic anemia and solid tumor. in 17 children neutropenia, defined as a neutrophil count of less than 500 per cubic millimeter, was caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy. for 6 other children neutropenia was ...	1989	2780102
characterization of salivary alpha-amylase binding to streptococcus sanguis.	the purpose of this study was to identify the major salivary components which interact with oral bacteria and to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for their binding to the bacterial surface. strains of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitis, streptococcus mutans, and actinomyces viscosus were incubated for 2 h in freshly collected human submandibular-sublingual saliva (hsmsl) or parotid saliva (hps), and bound salivary components were eluted with 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate. by sodium dod ...	1989	2788139
lactate influx and efflux in the 'streptococcus mutants group' and streptococcus sanguis.	lactate influx was measured in streptococcus sanguis and in several strains of streptococcus mutans by comparing the intra- and extracellular distribution of (14c)-lactate. lactate efflux was followed enzymatically against rising external lactate concentration. the glucose concentration was monitored in the same way. with s. sanguis omz 9, lactate was transported into the cells when a high external lactate concentration and a ph gradient were established. the transport rate was approximately 1,0 ...	1989	2790859
water-soluble glucans from streptococcus mutans strain ing-britt as an energy source for bacterial growth.	two fractions of water-soluble glucans with different molecular weight were produced by streptococcus mutans ib. the larger glucan had a molecular weight of about 40,000. the molecular weight of the small glucan was estimated to be 4,100 by gel filtration chromatography and by biochemical methods. these glucans were tested for their ability to initiate and support growth of s. mutans ib and streptococcus sanguis 903. s. sanguis 903 could grow with the low molecular weight glucan at a reduced rat ...	1989	2790860
plaque inhibition by a combination of zinc citrate and sodium lauryl sulfate.	bacteriological tests demonstrated an additive inhibitory effect of zncl2 and sodium lauryl sulfate (sls) on in vitro growth of streptococcus sobrinus omz 176 and of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556. as measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the solubility of zinc citrate increased in the presence of sls. after 48 h, the concentration of solubilized zinc from aqueous solutions of 5.0 mm zinc citrate was 12.0 mm versus 14.4 mm in the presence of 34.7 mm sls. the plaque-inhibiting proper ...	1989	2790864
prognosis of ruptured intracranial mycotic aneurysms: a review of 12 cases.	intracranial mycotic aneurysms (ima) occur in 1-3% of all infective endocarditis. although spontaneous resolution was evidenced on serial angiograms in many asymptomatic cases, the prognosis, if they rupture, is reported to be worse and partly contingent on the therapeutic approach. among 12 patients (six acute and six subacute endocarditis) with ruptured ima, six were treated surgically and four were treated medically. two patients died during rupture before any treatment could be started. six ...	1989	2806280
a comparison of the adhesive properties and surface ultrastructure of the fibrillar streptococcus sanguis 12 and an adhesion deficient non-fibrillar mutant 12 na.	streptococcus sanguis 12 and a naturally occurring mutant, 12 na, were screened for their ultrastructure and adhesive properties in vitro. negative staining showed that strep. sanguis 12 carried three types of surface structure. the majority of cells carried long fibrils that in different batches ranged in length from 80 to 207 nm, and shorter fibrils which were 51.0 +/- 15.7 nm long. both types of fibrils were primarily located at the poles of the cells. occasionally cells were seen that carrie ...	1989	2473974
surface structures, co-aggregation and adherence phenomena of streptococcus oralis and related species.	seven strains of streptococcus oralis were found to possess surface structures. four strains possessed long fimbriae which ranged in length from 266-366 nm, while the remaining three strains possessed shorter peritrichously distributed fibrils which ranged in length from 80-197 nm. the fibrillar strains were morphologically similar to strains of streptococcus sanguis i and ii and streptococcus mitis. no strain of s. oralis produced tufts of fibrils like certain strains of s. sanguis i. strains o ...	1989	2475745
growth inhibition of streptococcus sanguis with alginate.	the experiments of the growth of stre. sanguis were carried out. from the results it was found that the medium including alginate inhibits the growth of stre. sanguis in spite of the fact that the medium does not inhibit the growth of other oral streptococci.	1989	2488883
[lysis of oral streptococci by an extracellular enzyme from the bacterium streptococcus mutans].	the ability of crude extracellular enzyme produced by the bacterium streptococcus mutans al-7 to lysis the cells of five species, sixteen strains, of oral streptococci was examined. this enzyme showed lytic activity of living cells of only streptococcus sanguis atcc 10558 strain, and of heated cells of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10558 and st-7 strains. the long chains of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10558 was severed at random by this enzyme. early log phase cells of this strain were more sensitiv ...	1989	2489656
[study on air-powder abrasive system for prosthetic clinical application. 3. bacterial adherence to the air-powder abraded metal surface].	the purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between the metal surface texture and bacterial adherence. the surface of au-ag-pd alloy was treated with or without air-powder abrasion. seven standard strains and two clinical isolates were used. the alloys were mixed with [6-3h]-thimidine labelled bacteria. the radioactivity was measured with a scintilation counter. streptococcus sanguis and clinical isolated bacteroides gingivalis were adhered in a larger amount to the air-powder abrad ...	1989	2489760
effect of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-pa) on the treatment with benzylpenicillin of rabbits with experimental streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.		1989	2494270
secretory expression in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis of human interferon alpha genes directed by staphylokinase signals.	a dna segment covering the signal sequence coding region, the ribosome binding site, and the promoter of the staphylokinase (sak) 42d gene (behnke and gerlach 1987) was cloned into puc19 to form a portable expression-secretion unit (esu). fusion of human interferon alpha 1 (hifn alpha 1) and hybrid hifn alpha 1/2 genes to this sak esu resulted in secretory expression of the two gene products in both escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. while most of the ifn alpha was exported to the periplasm ...	1989	2505056
[selection of constitutive mutants of gram-positive cocci inducible resistant to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (mls): comparison of the selective effects of the mls].	mutation frequencies to constitutive resistance were determined for 7 strains inducible resistant to the mls antibiotics (5 staphylococcus aureus, 1 group g streptococcus and 1 streptococcus sanguis). in the 5 staphylococcal strains, mutants were generally selected at a frequency of 10(-9) to 10(-10) (ranging from 4.10(-8) to 9.10(-11) on plates containing 50 mg/l of the following non-inducer mls: spiramycin, josamycin, midecamycin, miocamycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, and pristinamycin factor i ...	1989	2508040
an in vitro study of the antibacterial and antifungal properties of an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material impregnated with disinfectant.	the difficulties associated with the disinfection of alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid) materials have resulted in the development of an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material impregnated with an antimicrobial compound, didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride. this investigation assessed the antibacterial and antifungal properties in vitro of this innovative irreversible hydrocolloid material by using the agar well technique. the microorganisms used were pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus ...	1989	2514263
transferable vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in enterococcus faecium.	enterococcus faecium bm4165 and bm4178, isolated from immunocompromised patients, one treated with vancomycin, were inducibly resistant to high levels of the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin but susceptible to the new lipopeptide daptomycin (ly146032). strain bm4165 was also resistant to macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin b-type (mls) antibiotics. the genes conferring resistance to glycopeptides and to mls antibiotics in strain bm4165 were carried on plasmids pip819 and pip821 ...	1989	2523687
cloning and expression in escherichia coli of the genes of the arginine deiminase system of streptococcus sanguis nctc 10904.	the common oral bacterium streptococcus sanguis can degrade arginine via the arginine deiminase (ad) system. the three enzymes of this system, ad, ornithine carbamyltransferase (otc), and carbamate kinase (ck), catalyze the breakdown of arginine to ornithine, co2, and two molecules of ammonia, with the production of atp from adp. the genes of the ad system, which are subject to complex regulation in the oral streptococci, have been isolated in bacteriophage lambda by screening for ad activity. t ...	1989	2530176
spontaneous switching of the sucrose-promoted colony phenotype in streptococcus sanguis.	streptococcus sanguis on media containing 3% sucrose gives rise to characteristic hard cohesive colonies (designated spp+). populations of spp+ bacteria (strain challis) on sucrose media switch to a soft noncohesive phenotype (designated spp-) at a frequency of 10(-4) to 10(-3). spp- bacteria switch back to spp+ bacteria at a similar frequency. successive rounds of spp variation were observed. the spp phenotypic switch was associated with changes in extracellular glucosyltransferase activity.	1989	2530177
in vitro adherence of bacteria to sutures in cardiac surgery.	the adherence of bacteria to sutures used in cardiac surgery was studied by in vitro quantitative determination with [3h]-leucine-labeled staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus sanguis. the adherence per unit area for staphylococci was least for monofilament polypropylene (prolene), 3 times higher (p less than 0.05) for braided polyester (mersiline) and greatest (10 times, p less than 0.005) for braided polyester sutures coated with polybutylate (ethibond). mean valu ...	1989	2530235
low back pain as the only presenting symptom in streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.		1989	2530612
[glucosyltransferase (gtf) and immunization against dental caries in humans].	glucosyltransferase (gtf) is an extracellular or cell-associated enzyme synthesized by the "mutans" group of streptococci as well as the s. sanguis and is responsible for the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides. glucan formation in dental plaque mediates binding of s. mutans and s. sanguis to one another as well as to other bacteria. although the production of organic acids is an indispensable property of the cariogenic strains of bacteria, their ability to stick and accumulate on toot ...	1989	2534848
isolation and characterization of the streptococcus mutans gtfd gene, coding for primer-dependent soluble glucan synthesis.	two glucosyltransferase genes from streptococcus mutans gs-5, gtfb and gtfc, have been previously isolated and sequenced in this laboratory. in the present communication a third gtf gene, gtfd, was isolated and characterized. isolation of the gene involved a novel procedure utilizing the integration plasmid pva891. a peptide expressed by the 1.7-kilobase dna fragment from strain nhs1 (containing deletions in both the gtfb and gtfc genes) was initially identified in a puc18 clone bank with antigl ...	1989	2543630
daptomycin (ly146032) for prevention and treatment of experimental aortic valve endocarditis in rabbits.	the efficacy of daptomycin (ly146032), a vancomycinlike lipopeptide antibiotic, was compared with that of antibiotics commonly in use for prevention and treatment of experimental aortic valve endocarditis in rabbits. strains of staphylococcus aureus. s. epidermidis, streptococcus sanguis, and enterococcus faecalis were used to establish endocarditis. a single 10-mg/kg dose of daptomycin and a single 25-mg/kg dose of vancomycin were both effective in prevention of endocarditis produced by strains ...	1989	2554799
interaction of streptococcal lipoteichoic acid with artificial tooth pellicle.	artificial pellicles were prepared by coating hydroxyapatite beads with whole saliva. radiolabelled lipoteichoic acid was isolated from streptococcus sanguis nctc 7863 by phenol extraction. various concentrations of radiolabelled lipoteichoic acid were mixed with saliva-coated hydroxyapatite in the presence and absence of high ionic strength phosphate buffer, bovine serum albumin, gelatin, unlabelled lipoteichoic acid, tween 20 and triton x-100. the amount of lipoteichoic acid binding was measur ...	1989	2556987
bacteroides gingivalis vesicles mediate attachment of streptococci to serum-coated hydroxyapatite.	outer membrane vesicles purified from bacteroides gingivalis culture supernatant bound to serum coated hydroxyapatite (seha). the immobilized vesicles served as receptors for a number of species of oral streptococci. the binding of streptococcus sanguis 12 to seha was increased 10 times by the vesicles. vesicle-associated binding increased proportionally with an increase in the number of bound vesicles. arginine and lactose both partially reduced binding of s. sanguis. heating the vesicles destr ...	1989	2561775
dna probe for identification of streptococcus pneumoniae.	a total of 287 clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) were tested for their ability to undergo autolysis when treated with sodium deoxycholate. the test was positive for all but one isolate, strain doc-1. this autolysis required the activity of an enzyme which is unique and characteristic of s. pneumoniae: a choline-dependent n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase, the gene product of the lyta gene. we used lyta as a dna probe to test the distribution of the autolysin gene amon ...	1989	2563386
fimbria-associated adhesin of bacteroides loeschei that recognizes receptors on procaryotic and eucaryotic cells.	inhibition studies with a set of adhesin-specific monoclonal antibodies and various sugars revealed that a fimbria-associated adhesin of bacteroides loeschei recognizes receptors on both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. these interactions permit this bacterium to attach to both types of cells, producing coaggregates in the presence of strains of streptococcus sanguis and hemagglutination in the presence of neuraminidase-treated human erythrocytes.	1989	2569449
nucleotide sequence analysis of a type 1 fimbrial gene of streptococcus sanguis fw213.	a structural gene for type 1 fimbriae of streptococcus sanguis fw213 was located within a 6-kilobase fragment cloned in escherichia coli. a 1.6-kilobase internal fragment contains an open reading frame of 927 bases coding for an immunoreactive peptide of 34,349 daltons, which corresponds in size with an observed cytoplasmic form of fimbrial peptide (p. m. fives-taylor, f. l. macrina, t. j. pritchard, and s. j. peene, infect. immun. 55:123-128, 1987). disruption of the reading frame by insertiona ...	1989	2572555
bacteroides loeschei pk1295 cells express two distinct adhesins simultaneously.	bacteroides loeschei synthesizes two distinct adhesins that mediate its coaggregation with streptococcus sanguis 34 and actinomyces israeli pk14. streptococcal adhesin-specific and actinomyces adhesin-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to prepare antibody-coated 5- or 10-nm gold particles. these were used in immunoelectron microscopic studies to establish that essentially all bacteroides cells in a population express both adhesins. in general, the two sizes of gold particles representing e ...	1989	2572563
the potential hazard of using multiple-dose heparin and insulin vials in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.		1989	2572637
[the immunological basis of vaccination against carious disease. microorganism interactions. specific host defense system. immunological protection of the oral cavity].	the authors describe the very complex interactions of the microorganisms of the oral cavity and among these latter and the guest organism. there are described the mechanisms of aspecific defense of the oral cavity and give some outlines of the anatomy and of the physiology of the organs and of the glandular structures of the specific immune defence of the oral cavity through blood and saliva.	1989	2577119
difference in amounts between titratable acid and total carboxylic acids produced by oral streptococci during sugar metabolism.	the acid produced by the resting cells of streptococcus mutants nctc 10449 and hs 6 and s. sanguis atcc 10556 during sugar metabolism was estimated with a ph-stat and a carboxylic acid analyzer. lactic, formic, acetic, pyruvic, and carbonic acids were detected in the reaction mixtures, but propionic, citric, succinic, iso-butyric, butyric, iso-valeric, and valeric acids were not detected. the amount of titratable acid estimated by alkaline titration with the ph-stat was larger than the amount of ...	1989	2910954
isolation of a corncob (coaggregation) receptor polypeptide from fusobacterium nucleatum.	corncobs, which are distinct morphological units formed by the ordered coaggregation of a filamentous microorganism and streptococci, can be made in vitro by using oral strains of fusobacterium nucleatum and streptococcus sanguis. previous studies have shown that strains of f. nucleatum contain one of at least two different types of corncob receptor. the objective of this study was to isolate the receptor from f. nucleatum atcc 10953 as the first step in the elucidation of the molecular basis of ...	1989	2912893
effects of sustained-release chlorhexidine acetate on the human dental plaque flora.	the aim of this study was to determine the effect on the human dental plaque flora of a varnish containing chlorhexidine diacetate. the in vitro release of chlorhexidine acetate from the varnish preparation was relatively fast on the first day, followed by a substantial decline in the subsequent three days. in a clinical experiment, 26 volunteers were randomly distributed over four experimental groups. after a dental prophylaxis, the subjects were treated with a single application of a placebo v ...	1989	2918132
acidogenesis by oral streptococci at different ph values.	streptococcus mutans is known to be one of the most cariogenic oral microorganisms. recently, organisms classified as s. mutans have been shown to be genotypically heterogeneous and to form at least six separate species. in this study, differences in acid production between the mutans streptococci and streptococcus sanguis were investigated at ph values from 5.0 to 7.0. while all of the species investigated were able to produce acids, streptococcus sobrinus was found to be significantly more aci ...	1989	2920379
tolerance to penicillin in streptococci of viridans group.	tolerance to penicillin was investigated in 40 isolates of optochin-resistant, alpha-haemolytic streptococci. thirteen strains exhibited tolerance to penicillin (mbc:mic ratio greater than or equal to 32) when stationary phase inocula were used, but only seven strains retained the tolerance phenotype in experiments with logarithmic phase inocula. there was a striking association between tolerance and eagle's optimum dosage effect, particularly among strains that displayed tolerance in both the s ...	1989	2921347
the effects of pellicle formation on streptococcal adhesion to human enamel and artificial substrata with various surface free-energies.	the influence of a pellicle on streptococcal adhesion was studied. a "ripened" two-hour salivary pellicle and an "early" five-minute salivary pellicle were formed on human enamel and artificial solid substrata with varying surface free-energies. three strains of oral streptococci, also with widely different surface free-energies, were used for adhesion studies. pellicle formation and streptococcal adhesion took place at a constant shear rate of 21 s-1. adhesion of s. mitis bms to bare and pellic ...	1989	2921388
antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide liners on streptococcus sanguis and s. mutans.	the antimicrobial activity of 10 calcium hydroxide liners on streptococcus sanguis and s. mutans was studied. one hundred plates of tryticose soy agar-sheep red blood cells (10%), each with four distinct 3 mm diameter wells, were divided into two groups of 50. one group was inoculated with s. sanguis and the second group with s. mutans. a 4 mg liner was placed in each of three wells; the fourth well was left empty as a control. plates were incubated at 37 degrees c and observed at 24 hours, 48 h ...	1989	2921748
aspects of dental plaque formation with special reference to colloid-chemical phenomena.	in order to investigate factors of importance for plaque formation and the rate of plaque formation 133 randomly selected individuals went through a 3-day period of plaque accumulation. from these individuals one group of "heavy" and one group of "light" plaque formers were selected for further studies. these subjects were investigated with reference to clinical, biochemical, biophysical and microbiological variables, that in the literature have been suggested to influence plaque formation. the ...	1989	2922685
anterior mitral valve aneurysm perforation secondary to aortic valve endocarditis detected by doppler colour flow mapping.	we report a case of mitral valve aneurysm formation and perforation, secondary to streptococcus sanguis endocarditis of the aortic valve. aneurysm formation was documented by cross-sectional echocardiography and its perforation was established by doppler colour flow mapping, and subsequently confirmed at surgery.	1989	2924788
characterization of monoclonal antibodies to fimbria-associated adhesins of bacteroides loescheii pk1295.	bacteroides loescheii pk1295 fimbriae, which mediate the lactose-sensitive coaggregation with streptococcus sanguis 34 and the lactose-insensitive coaggregation with actinomyces israelii pk14, were injected into mice to raise adhesin-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). supernatants of hybridomas were screened for the capacity to inhibit coaggregation and agglutinate intact bacteria. of the 10 mabs that were isolated, 4 were specific and potent inhibitors of the coaggregation between b. loesch ...	1988	2891617
localization and enumeration of fimbria-associated adhesins of bacteroides loescheii.	monoclonal antibodies that specifically inhibit coaggregation between bacteroides loescheii pk1295 and its two gram-positive partners streptococcus sanguis 34 and actinomyces israelii pk14 were used to enumerate and localize two distinct types of fimbria-associated adhesins on the surface of b. loescheii. binding studies with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies indicated that a maximum (bmax calculated from scatchard plots) of approximately 400 adhesin molecules specific for s. sanguis and 310 ad ...	1988	2893786
mutants of actinomyces viscosus t14v lacking type 1, type 2, or both types of fimbriae.	mutants of actinomyces viscosus t14v lacking type 1 or type 2 fimbriae or both were selected by their failure to react with rabbit antibodies against either or both fimbrial antigens. immunospecific double labeling with iron dextran and ferritin-conjugated antibodies showed two types of fimbriae on individual cells of the parent organism, a single type on mutant strains with type 1+2- and type 1-2+ fimbriae and no labeled or unlabeled fimbriae on a type 1-2- fimbria-deficient strain. the mutatio ...	1988	2902012
adherence of streptococcus sanguis to conformationally specific determinants in fibronectin.	the adherence of streptococcus sanguis to specific receptors exposed or deposited at the site of endothelial damage may play an important role in the development of infective endocarditis. adherence of the challis strain of s. sanguis to gelatin (or collagen) and gelatin-binding components of plasma was examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. s. sanguis adhered poorly to immobilized gelatin and to molecular or fibrillar collagen. however, in the presence of fresh human plasma, the ad ...	1988	2970435
cross-sectional analysis of serum antibody to oral streptococcal antigens in children.	antibodies to s. salivarius, s. sanguis, and s. mutans cells and to glucosyltransferases (gtf) prepared from these micro-organisms were measured in the sera of 133 infants and children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). igg antibody activity to each cell type and gtp was present at birth (presumably derived from maternal transfer) and declined significantly thereafter. igg antibody levels to s. salivarius and s. sanguis were next detected in young children (2 to less than 3 yr group). ...	1988	2971697
evidence for natural gene transfer from gram-positive cocci to escherichia coli.	high-level resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin type b (mls) antibiotics in escherichia coli bm2570 is due to the presence on the conjugative plasmid pip1527 of the mls resistance determinant ermbc, which is almost identical to the erm genes previously described in plasmid pam77 from streptococcus sanguis (ermam) and in transposon tn917 from enterococcus faecalis (ermb). this gene and its regulatory region are located downstream from the insertion sequence is1. the 23s rrna methylas ...	1988	2832378
host-vector system for integration of recombinant dna into chromosomes of transformable and nontransformable streptococci.	we describe a genetic system in which transformation of streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus sanguis was used to insert recombinant dna into the conjugative chromosomal element omega (cat tetm) 6001 (omega 6001). the element containing the recombinant dna was then transferred by conjugation to the chromosome of transformable and nontransformable streptococci. when escherichia coli plasmid pdp36 was used as donor in transformation, it was capable of inserting 5.9 kilobases of heterologous d ...	1988	2832394
intergeneric and intrageneric conjugal transfer of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance determinants in leuconostoc spp.	transfer of the broad-host-range resistance plasmids pip501 and pam beta 1 from streptococcus faecalis to leuconostoc dextranicum and leuconostoc cremoris occurred between cells that were immobilized on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of dnase. transfer of pip501 to leuconostoc spp. also occurred when streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus lactis were used as donors. in addition, transfer of pip501 and pam beta 1 was observed from l. cremoris and l. dextranicum transconjugants to s. sang ...	1988	2833158
cloning and characterization of the tetracycline resistance determinant of and several promoters from within the conjugative transposon tn919.	tn919 is a 15- to 16-kilobase (kb) tetracycline resistance conjugative transposon that was originally isolated from streptococcus sanguis fc1. the tetracycline resistance determinant (tet) was found on a 4.2-kb hindii fragment by in vitro deletion analysis. this fragment was subcloned to a pwv01 origin capable of directing replication in escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and streptococcus lactis, and expression was observed in all three genera. in all cases, expression was weaker when only th ...	1988	2839111
nucleotide sequence analysis of tetracycline resistance gene teto from streptococcus mutans dl5.	streptococcus mutans dl5, isolated from the dental plaque of a pig, was resistant to high levels of streptomycin (sm, 20 mg/ml), erythromycin (em, 1 mg/ml), and tetracycline (tc, greater than 100 micrograms/ml), but contained no detectable plasmid dna. the smr and emr determinants were cloned from cellular dna on the self-replicating 5-kilobase-pair (kbp) ecori fragment of pam beta 1 and the 4.2-kbp cryptic plasmid pva380-1, respectively, by transformation of streptococcus sanguis challis. helpe ...	1988	2841293
characterization of an adhesion antigen of streptococcus sanguis g9b.	an antigen possessing the attributes of an adhesion has been identified in streptococcus sanguis g9b. cell surface components were extracted from g9b and a spontaneously occurring nonadherent mutant of g9b, strain adh-, with a 2 mm barbital buffer, ph 8.6. the extract of g9b but not of adh- absorbed more than 80% of the adhesion-inhibitory activity of anti-g9b immunoglobulin g (igg). immunoblots revealed 80- and 52-kilodalton (kda) antigens present in the g9b extract but not in the adh- extract. ...	1988	2842262
role of the arginine deiminase system in protecting oral bacteria and an enzymatic basis for acid tolerance.	the arginine deiminase system was found to function in protecting bacterial cells against the damaging effects of acid environments. for example, as little as 2.9 mm arginine added to acidified suspensions of streptococcus sanguis at a ph of 4.0 resulted in ammonia production and protection against killing. the arginine deiminase system was found to have unusual acid tolerance in a variety of lactic acid bacteria. for example, for streptococcus rattus fa-1, the ph at which arginolysis was reduce ...	1988	2843090
differential modulation of adherence of oral streptococci by human neutrophil myeloperoxidase.	in this study, the modulation of adherence of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)-producing and non-h2o2-producing strains of oral streptococci by the host leukocyte enzyme myeloperoxidase (mpo) was examined. it was found that exposure to mpo decreased adherence of many strains of oral streptococci to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads in the presence of exogenous h2o2 and chloride. the mpo-h2o2-cl-system increased the adherence of one strain. in the absence of exogenous h2o2, the mpo-h2o2-cl-system decrea ...	1988	2844867
inhibition of adhesion of viridans streptococci to fibronectin-coated hydroxyapatite beads by lipoteichoic acid.	fibronectin-coated hydroxyapatite (fnha) beads were used in a model adhesion assay to isolate the lipoteichoic acid (lta) mediated adhesion of oral streptococci. representative strains of the commonly isolated viridans streptococci were incubated with fnha beads in the presence and absence of exogenous lta. the lta inhibited the adhesion of all strains to a greater or lesser extent, but only a very few strains were inhibited by more than 90%. strains of streptococcus sanguis type ii and streptoc ...	1988	2854117
association of viridans group streptococci from pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis and upper genital tract infection.	the prevalence and role of viridans group streptococci in the female genital tract have not been well described. in this study of 482 pregnant women, 147 (30%) were culture positive for viridans group streptococci. of 392 women with predominant lactobacillus morphotypes by gram stain (normal), 110 (28%) were colonized with viridans group streptococci, compared with 37 (41%) of 90 women with bacterial vaginosis (bv) (p = 0.02). to determine whether any species were associated with bv, 177 consecu ...	1988	2454943
synergistic antibacterial effects of copper and hexetidine against streptococcus sobrinus and streptococcus sanguis.	the aim of this study was to determine whether a combination of copper and hexetidine had a synergistic antibacterial effect against streptococcus sobrinus omz 176 and s. sanguis 10556. concentration ranges of the test agents alone and in combination were prepared by serial dilutions in microtiter trays with brain-heart infusion (bhi) broth as the bacterial growth medium. after incubation at 37 degrees c for 24 h, the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), corresponding to the lowest concentrat ...	1988	3165588
in-vitro adherence of oral streptococci in the presence of sucrose and its relationship to cariogenicity in the rat.	streptococcus sanguis i gave a significantly greater percentage coverage (cell-pellicle attachment) of saliva-coated glass in the presence of sucrose than did strep. sanguis ii (p less than 0.025), and both these gave greater percentage coverages than the other species tested, between which no significant differences were noted. there was a large number of significant differences in clump size (cell-cell attachment) between species-pairs. among the mutans streptococci, there were significant dif ...	1988	3166609
glucan-binding factor in saliva.	high-molecular-weight polymers of alpha-1,6-linked d-glucans are insoluble in alcohol solutions. whole, but not parotid, saliva prevented the precipitation of d-glucans by 80% (vol/vol) ethanol, showing that the whole saliva contained a factor which complexed with the glucan to render it alcohol soluble. the glucan-binding factor was retained on a column of sephacryl s-200 which had been preequilibrated with 80% ethanol. the factor was then eluted with water. passive hemagglutination assays reve ...	1988	3169992
streptococcal adherence on various restorative materials.	the adherence of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556, s. sanguis atcc 10557, s. mutans ingbritt, and s. mutans omz 176 to the surfaces of composite resins, amalgam alloys, and a au-ag-pd alloy was measured. adhesion was correlated with values for hydrophobicity and zeta-potential of the bacteria and the restorative materials. the hydrophobicity of the restoratives showed a positive correlation between the numbers of adherent s. sanguis cells, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions are important f ...	1988	3170897
effect of topical administration of vancomycin versus chlorhexidine on alpha-hemolytic streptococci in oral cavity.	in a crossover study the effect of local vancomycin (paste containing 0.5% vancomycin applied to the gums three times a day for 7 days) versus chlorhexidine mouth rinsing (0.2% chlorhexidine solution twice a day for 7 days) on alpha-hemolytic streptococci in the oral cavity was investigated in eight volunteers. mixed saliva and dental plaque samples were collected for microbiologic analysis before administration, during treatment, and after withdrawal of the agents. the numbers of different alph ...	1988	3174067
coaggregation properties of human oral veillonella spp.: relationship to colonization site and oral ecology.	the primary habitats of oral veillonellae are the tongue, dental plaque, and the buccal mucosa. isolates were obtained from each habitat and tested for coaggregation with a battery of other oral bacterial strains. all 59 tongue isolates tested for coaggregation were veillonella atypica or veillonella dispar. all but one of them coaggregated with strains of streptococcus salivarius, a predominant inhabitant of the tongue surface but not subgingival dental plaque. these tongue isolates were unable ...	1988	3178207
specific and nonspecific inhibition of adhesion of oral actinomyces and streptococci to erythrocytes and polystyrene by caseinoglycopeptide derivatives.	various caseinoglycopeptide derivatives prepared from mammalian milk were evaluated as inhibitors of hemagglutinations mediated by actinomyces viscosus ny1, streptococcus sanguis omz9, and, for comparative purposes, plant lectins from arachis hypogaea and bauhinia purpurea. it was found that recognition of the beta-d-galactose-(1----3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactose carbohydrate chain by actinomyces viscosus ny1 organisms and arachis hypogaea and b. purpurea agglutinins had similar structural r ...	1988	3182077
relationship of subgingival microbial complexes to clinical features at the sampled sites.	subgingival plaque samples from 100 active destructive periodontal lesions and 150 inactive subgingival sites in 33 subjects were analyzed by predominant cultivable microbiota techniques. 50 isolates were characterized from each sample and where possible, the isolate was placed in 1 of 134 microbial species or groups. the sites were clustered on the basis of the proportions of all of the species detected in each sample using a minimum similarity matching coefficient and an average unweighted lin ...	1988	3183069
influence of saliva from 'heavy' and 'light' plaque formers on the colloidal stability of bacterial suspensions.	the influence of parotid saliva on the colloid stability of suspensions of streptococcus sanguis and s. salivarius was studied in groups of previously identified 'heavy' and 'light' plaque formers. for s. sanguis it was observed that addition of parotid saliva from light plaque formers had more pronounced negative influence on the colloid stability than addition of such saliva from heavy plaque formers. no differences were observed for s. salivarius. the results indicate that saliva and bacteria ...	1988	3188846
utilization of a continuous streptococcal surface to measure interbacterial adherence in vitro and in vivo.	cell-to-cell interactions are essential for the formation of dental plaque. a continuous layer of streptococcus sanguis sa-1 cells fixed to a solid surface has been used to evaluate interactions among this bacterium, haemophilus parainfluenzae, and streptococcus sobrinus. s. sanguis cells were attached to a falcon 3001 tissue culture plates or bovine enamel chips, coated with a biological adhesive. scanning electron microscopy of the chips showed the streptococci as a contiguous surface. radiola ...	1988	3198842
effect of zeta potential and surface energy on bacterial adhesion to uncoated and saliva-coated human enamel and dentin.	physicochemical surface characteristics of early plaque-forming bacteria and of human tooth surfaces were measured to establish their role in bacterial adhesion to intact dental tissue slabs. in addition, the influence of an experimental salivary pellicle was evaluated. strains of s. mutans, s. sanguis, s. salivarius, a. viscosus, and a. odontolyticus showed relatively high surface free energies (range, 99-128 mj.m-2) and carried a negative surface charge, at both physiological (mu = 0.057) and ...	1988	3198846
transformation of streptococcus sanguis to intrinsic penicillin resistance.	a series of step-level penicillin-resistant derivatives of streptococcus sanguis v288 (challis) were obtained through successive genetic transformations. the dna donor used was a laboratory-derived, penicillin-resistant multistep mutant of the recipient strain. detection of the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) of wild-type and transformants revealed five major pbps. while it was found that s. sanguis can acquire intrinsic resistance in a stepwise manner and the mechanism was similar to those o ...	1988	3199097
adherence of streptococci to surface-modified glass.	four types of surface-modified glass were prepared. aminopropyl glass was prepared by alkylsilylation of glass slides with gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. this glass carries primary amino groups which may be protonated at ph 7.2. owing to the presence of both positively charged ions and hydrophobic ethoxyl groups, the glass is considered to be amphipathic. three other types of surface-modified glass slides were prepared from aminopropyl glass by forming schiff's bases with three aldehydes: glu ...	1988	3199098
the comparative cytotoxicity of periodontal bacteria.	the direct cytotoxicity of sonic extracts (se) from nine periodontal bacteria for human gingival fibroblasts (hgf) was compared. equivalent dosages (in terms of protein concentration) of se were used to challenge hgf cultures. the cytotoxic potential of each se was assessed by its ability to (1) inhibit hgf proliferation, as measured by direct cell counts; (2) inhibit 3h-thymidine incorporation in hgf cultures; or (3) cause morphological alterations of the cells in challenged cultures. the highe ...	1988	3204481
inhibition of plaque formation and plaque acidogenicity by zinc and chlorhexidine combinations.	zinc ions and chlorhexidine (ch) were found to exhibit a synergistic inhibitory effect on in vitro growth of s. sobrinus omz 176 and of s. sanguis 10556. a clinical mouthrinsing experiment was performed in a group of 10 volunteers to assess the plaque-inhibiting capacity of this combination. sucrose enhanced plaque accumulations were assessed (plaque index, silness & löe) after 4 days of twice daily mouthrinses with 10 ml aqueous solutions of either 10.0 mm zinc or 0.55 mm ch, or with a combinat ...	1988	3206200
partial characterisation of the inhibitory substances produced by streptococcus oralis and related species.	the production of inhibitory substances was sought by deferred antagonism. streptococcus oralis, streptococcus mitis and streptococcus sanguis produced bactericidal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, but no detectable bacteriocin. actinomycetes and neisseria pharyngis were particularly susceptible to the lethal action of hydrogen peroxide. streptococcus milleri produced bactericidal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocin-like substances. s. oralis strains were inhibited by the bac ...	1988	3216798
dangers of an uncomplicated tooth extraction. a case of streptococcus sanguis meningitis.		1988	3224048
interaction between wild-type, mutant and revertant forms of the bacterium streptococcus sanguis and the bacterium actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in vitro and in the gnotobiotic rat.	in vitro, streptococcus sanguis inhibits the growth of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a presumed aetiological agent of localized juvenile periodontitis. when provided with glucose and good aeration, a growing culture of strep. sanguis was found to produce hydrogen peroxide at concentrations in excess of the maximum ld50 reported for strains of a. actinomycetemcomitans. this concentration of hydrogen peroxide also inhibits the growth of the producer organism. a mutant of strep. sanguis was ...	1988	3228385
[anaphylactoid purpura and streptococcus sanguis--culture medium of streptococcus sanguis induce c3c binding activity on vascular endothelial cells].		1988	3230655
interactions between plaque bacteria: final report on project.		1988	3245810
[a clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in the treatment of meibomianitis].	this study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the safety of sultamicillin (sbtpc) fine granules in the treatment of patients with meibomianitis. a dose of 375 mg sbtpc granules was orally given to 10 patients with meibomianitis after each meal, three times a day. the results obtained are summarized as follows. efficacies were rated as good in 7 cases, fair in 2 and poor in 1 with an efficacy ratio of 70.0%. no side effects were observed throughout the study. the organisms isolat ...	1988	3249376
a case of polymicrobial infective endocarditis involving neisseria mucosa occurring in an intravenous drug abuser.	the incidence of polymicrobial endocarditis has increased markedly in recent years, in association with the increasing level of abuse of intravenous drugs. neisseria mucosa, an upper respiratory tract commensal, is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. we report the first case of polymicrobial infective endocarditis involving neisseria mucosa occurring in an intravenous drug abuser.	1988	3250412
evidence for the existence of two classes of corncob (coaggregation) receptor in fusobacterium nucleatum.		1988	3254470
isolation and characterization of a non-adherent mutant of streptococcus sanguis g9b.		1988	3254471
effect of hemoglobin and of ferric ammonium citrate on the virulence of periodontopathic bacteria.		1988	3254476
bacterial agglutinin activity in the saliva of human identical and fraternal twins.	the major factor in human saliva responsible for the specific aggregation of oral streptococci is a high molecular-weight glycoprotein (agglutinin). to determine if the level of this glycoprotein in whole and parotid saliva was genetically determined, agglutinin activity for streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans in saliva obtained from identical and fraternal twins was compared. evidence for the heritability of agglutinin activity and also parotid flow rate and total protein was obtaine ...	1988	3257085
cell surface mutants of streptococcus sanguis with altered adherence properties.		1988	3268752
[isolation and identification of bacteria lytic against streptococcus sanguis from dental plaque of young children].		1988	3269906
[the effect of air-powder abrasive instrument on prosthodontic materials].		1988	3274139
microbiological and immunological studies of adult periodontitis in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	the subgingival microflora and serum antibody response was examined in periodontitis patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm), impaired glucose tolerance (igt), and normal glucose tolerance (ngt). the predominant cultivable microflora was determined for subgingival plaque sampled from two deep periodontal pockets in each of eight adult periodontitis patients with niddm. indirect immunofluorescence for bacteroides intermedius, bacteroides gingivalis, and haemophilus actinomyce ...	1988	3276868
isolation and structure of a new ansamycin antibiotic kanglemycin a from a nocardia.		1988	3281924
[endocarditis prophylaxis with amoxicillin, clindamycin or erythromycin? serum bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect against streptococcus viridans].	the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis against endocarditis was assessed by testing the bactericidal and bacteriostatic action in serum of 12 healthy volunteers who had taken the recommended antibiotics according to laid down guidelines. blood was obtained from these subjects every two hours for 12 hours after oral intake of amoxicillin (3 g as a single dose), clindamycin (600 mg a single dose) or erythromycin (1.5 g plus another 0.5 g after six hours), the serum being tested against three ...	1988	3292185