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erythromycin and cyclosporine. 20133740694
[risk of losing a kidney]. 20133825626
[value of modeling of the clinical process in psychiatric research]. 20133688706
in vitro amikacin sensitivity testing. 20133744520
patient perception of the ostomy experience. 20133648065
staff turnover in nursing homes for the aged: a review and research proposal. 20133644800
letter: oral infection of s.m.o.n. virus in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 20134132495
hardiness: its development and relevance to nursing. 20133647933
[asthmatic variant of myocardial infarct]. 20133646130
a comparison of steroid and thiazide diabetes. 20133757504
infection control in hospitals. 20133647005
psychotropic drug-users and non-users in general practice. i. a three-year retrospective study from an island community in northern norway.in an island community in northern-norway 18.7% of the population received one or more prescriptions of psychotropic drugs during a three-year period. this is the first of two articles that describe the general practitioner's prescribing of psychotropic drugs in this municipality. this article compares the psychotropic drug-users and non-users in order to identify and define the characteristics of local risk groups. socio-demographic data and use of health services are analysed. the aim is to ge ...20133775135
cell kinetic indicators of premalignant stages of colorectal cancer.using an in vitro double labeling technique with two different levels of 3h-thymidine, the duration of the phase of dna synthesis (s) and the labeling index (li) were measured in the colorectal mucosa of three groups of patients: patients with colorectal neoplasms (adenomas and/or adenocarcinomas), patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and a control group of patients without gastrointestinal pathology. in those patients with colorectal neoplasms, samples were obtained from both the neoplasti ...20134005781
a simple blood sample method for measuring oral zinc absorption in clinical practice.tracer activity in blood 14 days after the oral ingestion of zinc-65 has been compared with zinc absorption measured by whole-body counting in 10 controls and 25 subjects with crohn's disease. highly significant linear correlations (p less than 0.001) were obtained between blood tracer activity and zinc absorption for both the control group (previously reported) and the crohn's disease group, thus allowing zinc absorption to be predicted from blood tracer activity with an accuracy of +/- 7.1% fo ...20133595083
the prevention and control of diabetes--an epidemiological perspective. 20133598439
board chief. scots' broth. interview by laurence dopson. 20133640398
[rupture of the fornix. a contraindication of intravenous urography?]. 20133565175
[transcarinal mediastinal needle biopsy. a supplement to conventional bronchoscopy]. 20133576823
family therapy--where are we, and where are we going?there has been considerable growth and development in the field of family assessment and therapy over the past thirty years. this management approach provides a useful tool in the assessment, management and treatment of children, adolescents and families with various psychiatric disorders and mental health problems. this paper provides a broad overview and a critical evaluation of the present state of the art, paying particular attention to the integration and present status of clinical practice ...20133542180
prognosis of the nephrotic syndrome in sickle glomerulopathy. a retrospective study.of 240 adults with sickle cell anemia seen over 11 years, 12 had the nephrotic syndrome. in 9 (75%) the glomerular lesion, sickle glomerulopathy, consisted of mesangial expansion and basement membrane duplication. six patients had type iv renal tubular acidosis. four of the 9 patients died within 24 months (17 +/- 5; mean +/- sd), while 5 survived 36 months or longer (80 +/- 49); no significant differences were seen between the former and the latter in age, admission serum creatinine and c3 leve ...20133605231
pharmacokinetics of a single dose of rimantadine in young adults and children.single doses of rimantadine were given to children and young adults to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of this antiviral compound. the half-life of rimantadine in young adults was 27.7 +/- 4.9 h for tablets and 27.8 +/- 8.0 h for syrup preparations. a total of 10 children, 5 to 8 years old, received a syrup preparation of rimantadine. the half-life of rimantadine in children was 24.8 +/- 9.4 h. a single dose of rimantadine was well tolerated in young adults and children.20133662473
investigation of the polymorphic region in the 5' flanking region of the insulin gene in patients with alzheimer's disease.a potential relationship between alzheimer's disease (ad) and insulin gene expression was suggested by the observation that patients with ad have altered levels of fasting blood sugar and insulin. since polymorphisms in the region 5' to the insulin gene have been associated with blood glucose levels, we have studied this polymorphism in ad patients. subjects were 19 nondiabetic ad patients with symptoms of aphasia and apraxia and a family history of ad; and 20 age and sex-matched nondiabetic con ...20133539293
[echographic study of the pancreas]. 20133537509
neuro-otological abnormalities in xeroderma pigmentosum with particular reference to deafness.the neuro-otological findings are described in 3 unrelated patients who had xeroderma pigmentosum. all had impaired hearing. routine audiometric assessment suggested that the hearing loss was of cochlear origin; brainstem evoked potentials in 2 patients and electrocochleography in 1 support this conclusion. two adult patients had a supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. vestibular function was mildly deranged and visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex impaired.20133876135
absorption of folic acid. 20134109969
circulating immune complexes in tuberculosis. 20133740644
[dental health knowledge, attitude and behaviour in finland--changes, causes and consequences in 10-year time periods]. 20133737605
ocular responses after intravenous lidocaine. 20133829315
nonhomologous views of a terminology muddle. 20133677167
[lipoproteins]. 20133672157
oral screening and the dental hygienist in a statewide health fair. 20133855789
[energy dependence of the response of thermoluminescent dosimetry to high-energy electrons].sufficiently reproducible measuring results can be achieved even for simple tld units by a control procedure which is easy to apply. it is demonstrated by means of the proposed control procedure that the dependence on energy of the tld-100 rods is negligible in case of a measuring uncertainty of +/- 3%. this is confirmed by depth dose measurements in comparison with ionisation measurements and semiconductor measurements. tld-100 rods are thus suitable for the measurement of the dose distribution ...20133919469
[energy dependence of the response of thermoluminescent dosimetry to high-energy electrons].sufficiently reproducible measuring results can be achieved even for simple tld units by a control procedure which is easy to apply. it is demonstrated by means of the proposed control procedure that the dependence on energy of the tld-100 rods is negligible in case of a measuring uncertainty of +/- 3%. this is confirmed by depth dose measurements in comparison with ionisation measurements and semiconductor measurements. tld-100 rods are thus suitable for the measurement of the dose distribution ...20133919469
family medicine education in the hospital. 20133870699
[implantation in private practice. a statistical study]. 20133868274
correlations of values of micronutrients in sera with gastric pathology.sera were collected in a high-risk area for stomach cancer in colombia from 857 residents who had been gastroscoped. the levels of 6 micronutrients (retinol, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, vitamin e, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein) were measured and the mean values correlated with the presence of gastric pathology thought to represent precursors of stomach cancer. two micronutrients showed important variations in mean levels by gastric pathology: beta-carotene and vitamin e. beta-carotene le ...20133834320
[effect of osmolality of the irrigation fluid on water intoxication during transurethral resection of the prostate]. 20133820563
[cyclosporin in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. 20133905679
[the place of the town nagykároly in hungarian medical history]. 20133889770
malpractice insurance: will you be able to find coverage? 20133864652
caerulein in the treatment of biliary and renal colic.a randomized controlled study has been carried out in order to check the activity of caerulein in the treatment of biliary and renal colic. in 88% out of 107 patients caerulein, 1 ng/kg iv, relieved biliary colic and had no side effects. to elucidate the mechanism of action of the peptide, 22 cholecystectomized patients, showing a dilation of the common bile duct (cbd), were submitted to caerulein treatment under echo-control. reduction of cbd caliber was noticed when the dilatation was due to f ...20133831972
[recent state of therapy of peptic disease]. 20133912295
[recent state of therapy of peptic disease]. 20133912295
[strategies of behavioral medicine in physically severely ill patients].with physically seriously handicapped patients very often vital functions break down or threaten to break down so that they have to be in intensive care units. they need an elaborate therapy and care that is primarily determined by technical monitoring. the severe illness, the situation of the in-patient treatment and the patients' personality determine the psychotherapy. behavioral strategies are effective for the reduction of unwanted behavior patterns and the condition of desired behavior pat ...20133811376
[cesarean section with subsequent hysterectomy].we had 65 caesarean hysterectomies from 1960-1982 at our hospital. 43 patients were elected for various reasons: contraception 26, fibromatosis 13, intraepithelial neoplasia 4. 22 had vital indications: rupture of the uterus 12, placenta increta/percreta 5, abruptio placentae 3, atony 2. the time we needed for the operation was up to 100 minutes in the elective group, 160 minutes in the non-elective group. in vital indications, postoperative morbidity was higher than when treatment was elective. ...20133845896
nail polish dermatitis masquerading as atopic dermatitis. 20133780303
[postoperative care of young children in the icu following heart surgery]. 20133847568
tactile/kinesthetic stimulation effects on preterm neonates.tactile/kinesthetic stimulation was given to 20 preterm neonates (mean gestational age, 31 weeks; mean birth weight, 1,280 g; mean time in neonatal intensive care unit, 20 days) during transitional ("grower") nursery care, and their growth, sleep-wake behavior, and brazelton scale performance was compared with a group of 20 control neonates. the tactile/kinesthetic stimulation consisted of body stroking and passive movements of the limbs for three, 15-minute periods per day for a 10 days. the st ...20133754633
cardiovascular collapse in an infant after caudal anesthesia with a lidocaine-epinephrine solution. 20133752557
[the spread of impulses in the ventricles]. 20133765429
[epilepsy and psychopathology. does a causal relation exist?]. 20133736167
hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation & non-drug therapies. 20133712910
[gastric precancerous conditions]. 20133725073
[management of patients with chronic rheumatic disease]. 20133807819
inter and intraspecific variation in nuclear dna content in aedes mosquitoes.haploid nuclear dna of 23 species of aedes, as determined by feulgen cytophotometry, was found to vary 3-fold. this was accompanied by a 2-fold variation in total chromosomal length. there was a significant correlation (r = 0.765, p less than 0.001) between these two parameters. genome size varied from 0.87 pg to 1.3 pg among 10 strains of aedes albopictus, from wide geographic regions. large scale differences in chromosomal dna amounts have accompanied speciation and evolution in aedine mosquit ...20133679880
salivary immunoglobulins: normal adult values and dissociation between serum and salivary levels. 20134166551
phob regulates the survival of bacteroides fragilis in peritoneal abscesses.in response to phosphate limitation, bacteria employ the pho regulon, a specific regulatory network for phosphate acquisition. the two-component signal transduction system of phorb plays a crucial role in the induction of pho regulon genes, leading to the adaptation to phosphate starvation. herein, we identified the phorb system in bacteroides fragilis, a commensal gut bacterium, and evaluated its role in gut colonization and survival in peritoneal abscesses. bf1575 and bf1576 encoded phor (sens ...201323342014
[tigecycline: cmi 50/90 towards 1766 gram-negative bacilli (3rd generation cephalosporins resistant enterobacteriaceae), acinetobacter baumannii and bacteroides fragilis group, university hospital - montpellier, 2008-2011].tigecycline is a new glycylcyclin with a wide spectre including multi-resistant bacteria. our laboratory tests in routine the in vitro activity of the tgc towards clinically significant isolates of 3rd generation cephalosporins resistant enterobacteriaceae (ec3r), acinetobacter baumannii and bacteroides fragilis group (bfg). the objective of this study is to describe the in vitro activity of tgc against these strains isolated between 2008 and 2011 in the university hospital of montpellier. in th ...201323478078
in vivo efficacy of humanized ceftaroline fosamil-avibactam exposures in a polymicrobial infection model.although gram-positive cocci are the most common pathogens in diabetic foot infections, these infections often are polymicrobial. the objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a simulated human dose of 600 mg ceftaroline fosamil-600 mg avibactam every 8 h as a 1-h infusion in a polymicrobial in vivo murine model. seven isolates were used (3 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus [mrsa] isolates, 1 methicillin-susceptible s. aureus [mssa] isolate, 1 escherichia coli isolate, 1 en ...201324041891
the bfp60 surface adhesin is an extracellular matrix and plasminogen protein interacting in bacteroides fragilis.plasminogen (plg) is a highly abundant protein found in the plasma component of blood and is necessary for the degradation of fibrin, collagen, and other structural components of tissues. this fibrinolytic system is utilized by several pathogenic species of bacteria to manipulate the host plasminogen system and facilitate invasion of tissues during infection by modifying the activation of this process through the binding of plg at their surface. bacteroides fragilis is the most commonly isolated ...201323850366
bacteroides fragilis endocarditis in a patient with crohn's disease.bacteroides fragilis is an uncommon cause of endocarditis and its occurrence in crohn's disease has never been reported. we present a case of a b fragilis bacteraemia and endocarditis caused by seeding of left ventricular thrombus formed secondary to severe left ventricular dysfunction. a 44-years-old man with a history of persistent bloody diarrhoea for many years presented with 1-month duration of generalised weakness, malaise, fever and chills. the patient also developed right foot pain assoc ...201323605837
fluorescent probes for investigation of isoprenoid configuration and size discrimination by bactoprenol-utilizing enzymes.undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (upps) is an enzyme critical to the production of complex polysaccharides in bacteria, as it produces the crucial bactoprenol scaffold on which these materials are assembled. methods to characterize the systems associated with polysaccharide production are non-trivial, in part due to the lack of chemical tools to investigate their assembly. in this report, we develop a new fluorescent tool using upps to incorporate a powerful fluorescent anthranilamide moiety ...201323816045
construction of escherichia coli strains with chromosomally integrated expression cassettes for the synthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose.the trisaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-fl) is one of the most abundant oligosaccharides found in human milk. due to its prebiotic and anti-infective properties, 2'-fl is discussed as nutritional additive for infant formula. besides chemical synthesis and extraction from human milk, 2'-fl can be produced enzymatically in vitro and in vivo. the most promising approach for a large-scale formation of 2'-fl is the whole cell biosynthesis in escherichia coli by intracellular synthesis of gdp-l-fucose ...201323635327
case-control study on the role of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis as a cause of diarrhea among children in kolkata, india.a total of 874 fecal specimens (446 diarrheal cases and 428 controls) from diarrheal children admitted in the infectious diseases hospital, kolkata and age and sex matched asymptomatic subjects from an urban community were assessed for the prevalence of enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf). isolates of b. fragilis were tested for the presence of enterotoxin gene (bft) by pcr. the detection rate of etbf was 7.2% (63 of 874 specimens) that prevailed equally in diarrheal cases and controls ( ...201323577134
bacterial oncogenesis in the colon.the human colon plays host to a diverse and metabolically complex community of microorganisms. while the colonic microbiome has been suggested to contribute to the development of colorectal cancer (crc), a definitive link has not been made. the role in which the colon microflora could contribute to the initiation and/or progression of crc is explored in this review. potential mechanisms of bacterial oncogenesis are presented, along with lines of evidence derived from animal models of microbially ...201323534358
biosynthetic assembly of the bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide a precursor bactoprenyl diphosphate-linked acetamido-4-amino-6-deoxygalactopyranose.the sugar capsule capsular polysaccharide a (cpsa), which coats the surface of the mammalian symbiont bacteroides fragilis, is a key mediator of mammalian immune system development. in addition, this sugar polymer has shown therapeutic potential in animal models of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. the structure of the cpsa polymer includes a rare stereoconfiguration sugar acetamido-4-amino-6-deoxygalactopyranose (aadgal) that we propose is the first sugar linked to a bactopreny ...201323458065
phylum-wide general protein o-glycosylation system of the bacteroidetes.the human gut symbiont bacteroides fragilis has a general protein o-glycosylation system in which numerous extracytoplasmic proteins are glycosylated at a three amino acid motif. in b. fragilis, protein glycosylation is a fundamental and essential property as mutants with protein glycosylation defects have impaired growth and are unable to competitively colonize the mammalian intestine. in this study, we analysed the phenotype of b. fragilis mutants with defective protein glycosylation and found ...201323551589
microbiology of explanted suture segments from infected and noninfected surgical patients.sutures under selective host/environmental factors can potentiate postoperative surgical site infection (ssi). the present investigation characterized microbial recovery and biofilm formation from explanted absorbable (ab) and nonabsorbable (nab) sutures from infected and noninfected sites. ab and nab sutures were harvested from noninfected (70.9%) and infected (29.1%) sites in 158 patients. at explantation, devices were sonicated and processed for qualitative/quantitative bacteriology; selectiv ...201323175247
major phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites in the human gut can arise from microbial fermentation of protein.plant secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids are commonly associated with benefits for human health. two of the most abundant phenylpropanoid-derived compounds detected in human faecal samples are phenylacetic acid (paa) and 4-hydroxylphenylacetic acid (4-hydroxypaa). although they have the potential to be derived from diets rich in plant-based foods, evidence suggests that these compounds can be derived from the microbial fermentation of aromatic amino acids (aaas) in the colon.201323349065
crystal structure of the ligand-binding form of nanornase from bacteroides fragilis, a member of the dhh/dhha1 phosphoesterase family of proteins.nanornase (nrn) specifically degrades nucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate and the very short rna, nanorna, during the final step of mrna degradation. the crystal structure of nrn in complex with a reaction product gmp was determined. the overall structure consists of two domains that are interconnected by a flexible loop and form a cleft. two mn²⁺ ions are coordinated by conserved residues in the dhh motif of the n-terminal domain. gmp binds near the dhha1 motif region in the c-terminal domain. our st ...201323851074
sterility testing of apheresis hematopoietic progenitor cell products using an automated blood culture system.aabb standards require monitoring of hematopoietic progenitor cell (hpc) products for microbial contamination. to date, there is no automated blood culture system cleared by the food and drug administration for this application. our objective was to validate the versatrek system (trek diagnostic systems) for sterility testing of apheresis hpc products.201323438051
two multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis carry a novel metronidazole resistance nim gene (nimj).two multidrug-resistant bacteroides fragilis clinical isolates contain and express a novel nim gene, nimj, that is not recognized by the "universal" nim primers and can confer increased resistance to metronidazole when introduced into a susceptible strain on a multicopy plasmid. hmw615, an appendiceal isolate, contains at least two copies of nimj on its genome, while hmw616, an isolate from a patient with sepsis, contains one genomic copy of nimj. b. fragilis nimj is phylogenetically closer to p ...201323716049
infant botulism: first two confirmed cases in slovenia and literature review.in europe, infant botulism is a rare but probably under-diagnosed disease. with the intent to spread the awareness of this potentially life-threatening disease, we present a review of the literature with the emphasis on european epidemiology and a practical approach to diagnosis. we also report the first two confirmed cases of infant botulism in slovenia and describe our way to the final diagnosis in a clinical setting where all appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment options are not readily ...201323707631
peritoneal dialysis peritonitis by anaerobic pathogens: a retrospective case series.bacterial infections account for most peritoneal dialysis (pd)-associated peritonitis episodes. however, anaerobic pd peritonitis is extremely rare and intuitively associated with intra-abdominal lesions. in this study, we examined the clinical characteristics of pd patients who developed anaerobic peritonitis.201323705895
transposon mutagenesis of bacteroides fragilis using a mariner transposon vector.the mariner transposon vector pyv07 was tested for use in the mutagenesis of bacteroides fragilis 638r. the transposon vector efficiently generated mutants in b. fragilis 638r. the transposon disrupted genes were scattered throughout the genome of b. fragilis 638r. this method serves as a powerful tool to study b. fragilis.201323664906
strict vegetarian diet improves the risk factors associated with metabolic diseases by modulating gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation.low-grade inflammation of the intestine results in metabolic dysfunction, in which dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is intimately involved. dietary fibre induces prebiotic effects that may restore imbalances in the gut microbiota; however, no clinical trials have been reported in patients with metabolic diseases. here, six obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension were assigned to a strict vegetarian diet (svd) for 1 month, and blood biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolisms, faec ...201324115628
expanded therapeutic potential in activity space of next-generation 5-nitroimidazole antimicrobials with broad structural diversity.metronidazole and other 5-nitroimidazoles (5-ni) are among the most effective antimicrobials available against many important anaerobic pathogens, but evolving resistance is threatening their long-term clinical utility. the common 5-nis were developed decades ago, yet little 5-ni drug development has since taken place, leaving the true potential of this important drug class unexplored. here we report on a unique approach to the modular synthesis of diversified 5-nis for broad exploration of thei ...201324101497
growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of constituents identified in asarum heterotropoides root on human intestinal bacteria.the growth-inhibiting and morphostructural effects of seven constituents identified in asarum heterotropoides root on 14 intestinal bacteria were compared with those of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin.201324083511
xylo-oligosaccharides and inulin affect genotoxicity and bacterial populations differently in a human colonic simulator challenged with soy protein.high dietary intakes of some protein sources, including soy protein, can increase colonic dna damage in animals, whereas some carbohydrates attenuate this. we investigated whether inulin and xylo-oligosaccharides (xos) could be protective against dna strand breaks by adding them to a human colonic simulator consisting of a proximal vessel (pv) (ph 5.5) and a distal vessel (dv) (ph 6.8) inoculated with human faeces and media containing soy protein. genotoxicity of the liquid phase and microbial p ...201324064573
substrate cleavage profiling suggests a distinct function of bacteroides fragilis metalloproteinases (fragilysin and metalloproteinase ii) at the microbiome-inflammation-cancer interface.enterotoxigenic anaerobic bacteroides fragilis is a significant source of inflammatory diarrheal disease and a risk factor for colorectal cancer. two distinct metalloproteinase types (the homologous 1, 2, and 3 isoforms of fragilysin (fra1, fra2, and fra3, respectively) and metalloproteinase ii (mpii)) are encoded by the b. fragilis pathogenicity island. fra was demonstrated to be important to pathogenesis, whereas mpii, also a potential virulence protein, remained completely uncharacterized. he ...201324145028
occurrence and analysis of rare cfia-bft doubly positive bacteroides fragilis strains.we detected four cfia-bft1 doubly positive bacteroides fragilis strains out of 486 b. fragilis isolates analyzed for antibiotic susceptibilities and antibiotic resistance genes from a recent pan-european survey. the prevalence of the enterotoxin bft genes was roughly equal among cfia-negative and -positive b. fragilis strains. we also demonstrated that the cfia-bft doubly positive strains had the most common b. fragilis genomic pattern (i.1.). thus we concluded that the bft-carrying ctn86 conjug ...201323796697
characterization of adherent bacteroidales from intestinal biopsies of children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease.there is extensive evidence implicating the intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease [ibd], but no microbial agent has been identified as a sole causative agent. bacteroidales are numerically dominant intestinal organisms that associate with the mucosal surface and have properties that both positively and negatively affect the host. to determine precise numbers and species of bacteroidales adherent to the mucosal surface in ibd patients, we performed a comprehensive culture based anal ...201323776434
bacteroides fragilis toxin induces il-8 secretion in ht29/c1 cells through disruption of e-cadherin junctions.enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) is a human gut commensal bacteria that causes inflammatory diarrhea and colitis. etbf also promotes colorectal tumorigenesis in the min mouse model. the key virulence factor is a secreted metalloprotease called b. fragilis toxin (bft). bft induces e-cadherin cleavage, cell rounding, activation of the β-catenin pathway and secretion of il-8 in colonic epithelial cells. however, the precise mechanism by which these processes occur and how these processes ...201324198747
influence of early environmental factors on lymphocyte subsets and gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease; the proficel study.it is known that the hla genotype can explain about a 40% of the genetic risk of celiac disease (cd), thus, other genetic predisposing factors as well as factors that subtly modulate t cell activation and differentiation need to be studied. this includes environmental factors that are currently believed to impact on the immune system and gut microbiota development.201323822699
the microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease: insights from animal models.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is thought to result from a dysregulated immune response to intestinal microbial flora in individuals with genetic predisposition(s). genome-wide association studies (gwas) in human ibd have identified more than 150 associated loci, some of which are key players in innate immunity and bacterial handling, reflecting the importance of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis. in fact, the presence of a microbial flora is not only crucial to the development of a norma ...201323603043
enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis causes lethal colitis in mongolian gerbils.enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis (etbf) causes inflammatory diarrhea in humans and livestock and is implicated in colorectal cancer. in this report, we show for the first time that etbf can induce profuse diarrhea and an acute, lethal colitis in mongolian gerbils.201323538057
the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteroides fragilis group strains isolated in different european countries.from the 2008-2009 european bacteroides antibiotic resistance survey, we selected 161 strains for detection of antibiotic resistance genes (cepa, cfxa, cfia, nim, ermb, ermf, ermg, lina, mefa, msrsa, tetm, tetq, tetx, tetx1, tet36 and bexa). to facilitate the throughput, the genes were detected by real-time pcr. the presence of the genes was correlated with the known mic data of the strains for the appropriate antibiotics. for the β-lactams, the cepa gene was found in 70.8% of the tested strains ...201323500457
maldi-tof ms fingerprinting facilitates rapid discrimination of phylotypes i, ii and iii of propionibacterium acnes.matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is widely used today for species determination of bacteria and fungi in routine microbiological laboratories, and can also be used for subtyping of bacteria, such as bacteroides fragilis. propionibacterium acnes is frequently referred to as an anaerobic skin commensal of relatively low pathogenicity. in addition to its accepted pathogenic role in acne, p. acnes is now emerging as an important opportunisti ...201323485355
recycling of bowel content: the importance of the right timing.extracorporeal stool transport (recycling of chyme discharged from the proximal stoma end to the distal end of a high jejunostomy or ileostomy) is thought to be beneficial in preventing malabsoprtion, sodium loss, cholestasis and atrophy of the distal intestine until restoration of the intestinal continuity becomes possible. however little is known about its adverse effects. our aim was to investigate the microbiological safety of recycling.201323480916
determination of disk diffusion and mic quality control guidelines for gsk2251052: a novel boron-containing antibacterial.gsk2251052 is a boron-containing antimicrobial agent in clinical development for the treatment of serious gram-negative bacterial infections. these gsk2251052 quality control (qc) studies were performed to establish ranges for control strains (broth microdilution [bmd] mic and disk diffusion zones) as follows: pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853 (2-8 μg/ml and 15-24 mm), escherichia coli atcc 25922 (0.5-2 μg/ml and 23-30 mm), haemophilus influenzae atcc 49247 (0.25-1 μg/ml and 22-31 mm), streptoco ...201323461830
comparative in vitro activities of gsk2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-trna synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.we studied the comparative in vitro activity of gsk2251052, a novel boron leucyl-trna synthetase inhibitor, against 916 clinical anaerobic isolates using clsi methods. the gsk mic50/mic90 for all isolates tested were 2 and 4 μg/ml, and the mic90s against 302 bacteroides fragilis and bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strains were 4 and 8 μg/ml, respectively. all clostridium perfringens strains had gsk2251052 mics of >32 μg/ml. there was no relationship between increased mics for any other antibiotics ...201323459482
comparative evaluation of conventional and real-time pcr assays for detecting bacteroides fragilis in clinical samples.a conventional pcr and a real-time pcr for detecting bacteroides fragilis were evaluated against clinical specimens. analytical sensitivities were 100 and 40 fg of dna, respectively. detection limits were 100 and 10 cfu/ml, respectively. a total of six culture-negative specimens were positive by pcr. altering the gold standard from "positive culture" to "positive culture or both pcr assays positive" resulted in sensitivities of 91.7% and 100%, respectively, and in specificities of 100% and 98.6% ...201323447634
expression of bacteroides fragilis hemolysins in vivo and role of hlyba in an intra-abdominal infection model.bacteroides fragilis is the most frequent opportunistic pathogen isolated from anaerobic infections. however, there is a paucity of information regarding the genetic and molecular aspects of gene expression of its virulence factors during extra-intestinal infections. a potential virulence factor that has received little attention is the ability of b. fragilis to produce hemolysins. in this study, an implanted perforated table tennis "ping-pong" ball was used as an intra-abdominal artificial absc ...201323441096
pcr-based detection of resistance genes in anaerobic bacteria isolated from intra-abdominal infections.little information is available on the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes in anaerobes in japan. to understand the background of antimicrobial resistance in anaerobes involved in intra-abdominal infections, we investigated the distribution of eight antimicrobial resistance genes (cepa, cfia, cfxa, ermf, ermb, mefa, tetq, and nim) and a mutation in the gyra gene in a total of 152 organisms (bacteroides spp., prevotella spp., fusobacterium spp., porphyromonas spp., bilophila wadsworthi ...201323338012
relationship between the clinical efficacy and auc/mic of intravenous ciprofloxacin in japanese patients with intraabdominal infections.the efficacy of fluoroquinolones (fqs) correlates with the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk-pd) parameter, auc/mic. to our knowledge, however, no prospective studies have reported the relationship between fq efficacy and pk-pd parameters in intraabdominal infection; therefore, we prospectively investigated the relationship between the efficacy of intravenous ciprofloxacin (cpfx iv) and pk-pd parameters. the study included 16 patients diagnosed with peritonitis between 2006 and 2008: 14 patien ...201323322394
in vitro activities of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and garenoxacin against bacteroides fragilis strains evaluated by kill kinetics.this study was designed to investigate the killing activity of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and garenoxacin against 12 bacteroides fragilis strains by kill kinetics over time. mic values were determined by etest and by agar dilution. b. fragilis strains were divided according to their mic values into two groups: one group with strains with mic <8.0 µg ml(-1) and one group with strains with mic ≥ 8.0 µg ml(-1). for kill kinetics over time, the strains with mic <8.0 µg ml(-1) were incu ...201323319309
population-based assessment of the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of anaerobic bloodstream infections.anaerobes are a relatively uncommon but important cause of bloodstream infection. however, their epidemiology has not been well defined in non-selected populations. we sought to describe the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes associated with anaerobic bacteremia.201323292663
effectiveness of onsite wastewater reuse system in reducing bacterial contaminants measured with human-specific ims/atp and qpcr.water shortages and the drive to recycle is increasing interest in reuse of reclaimed wastewater. timely and cost-effective ways to detect fecal pollutants prior to reuse increases confidence of residents and neighbors concerned about reuse of reclaimed wastewater. the on-site wastewater treatment and reuse systems (owtrs) used in this study include a septic tank, peat bioreactor, clo(2) disinfection and land spray irrigation system. bacteroides fragilis, escherichia coli and enterococcus spp., ...201323254156
synthesis of orthogonally protected bacterial, rare-sugar and d-glycosamine building blocks.bacterial glycoconjugates comprise atypical deoxy amino sugars that are not present on the human cell surface, making them good targets for drug discovery and carbohydrate-based vaccine development. unfortunately, they cannot be isolated with sufficient purity in acceptable amounts, and therefore chemical synthesis is a crucial step toward the development of these products. here we describe a detailed protocol for the synthesis of orthogonally protected bacterial deoxy amino hexopyranoside (2,4- ...201324008382
use of a genetically-engineered escherichia coli strain as a sample process control for quantification of the host-specific bacterial genetic markers.quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays targeting the host-specific bacteroides-prevotella 16s rrna genetic markers have been proposed as one of the promising approaches to identify the source of fecal contamination in environmental waters. one of the concerns of qpcr assays to environmental samples is the reliability of quantified values, since dna extraction followed by qpcr assays are usually performed without appropriate sample process control (spc) and internal amplification controls (iacs). to chec ...201323989919
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