Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| phosphatase activity and lead resistance in citrobacter freundii and staphylococcus aureus. | it has been previously reported that strains of citrobacter freundii and of staphylococcus aureus accumulated lead as pb-phosphate when grown on media supplemented with high levels of lead salts. phosphatase activity, which has been postulated to be involved in lead accumulation, was unrelated to lead resistance, resistant and sensitive cells displaying similar levels and patterns of enzyme activity. | 1998 | 9561741 |
| enterobacteriaceae found in high numbers in fish, minced meat and pasteurised milk or cream and the presence of toxin encoding genes. | enterobacteriaceae were found in high numbers after storage at 7 degrees c in 6% of consumers packs of pasteurised milk or cream, in 31% of retailed fish and in 100% of retail packs of minced meat. seventy two fresh-water fishes, 40 packs of minced meat and 430 milk packs were sampled. one hundred and eighty four isolates were randomly picked from tryptone glucose extract (tge) agar (30 degrees c for 3d) or violet red bile glucose (vrbg) agar (37 degrees c for 1d). in minced meat, serratia lique ... | 1998 | 9562874 |
| osteomyelitis and septic arthritis due to citrobacter freundii and haemophilus influenzae type b. | this report describes dual infection with citrobacter freundii and haemophilus influenzae type b causing septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the elbow in a previously healthy 5-year-old boy. the patient was treated successfully with intravenous fosfomycin for 4 weeks. infections with citrobacter beyond the neonatal period are rare in paediatric patients. when citrobacter spp. is isolated, coinfection with other bacterial pathogens should be considered. | 1998 | 9568950 |
| resistance to oxyimino beta-lactams due to a mutation of chromosomal beta-lactamase in citrobacter freundii. | the duplicative mutation of an ala-val-arg sequence at positions 208 to 210 in the loop structure of enterobacter cloacae class c beta-lactamase caused substrate specificity extension to oxyimino beta-lactam antibiotics and this chromosomal mutation provided bacterial cells with high resistance to the beta-lactams (m. nukaga et al, 1995, j. biol. chem. 270, 5729-5735). in order to confirm the universality of this phenomenon among other class c beta-lactamases, the duplicative mutation was applie ... | 1998 | 9570281 |
| detection of intimins alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, four intimin derivatives expressed by attaching and effacing microbial pathogens. | intimins are outer membrane proteins expressed by enteric bacterial pathogens capable of inducing intestinal attachment-and-effacement lesions. a eukaryotic cell-binding domain is located within a 280-amino-acid (int280) carboxy terminus of intimin polypeptides. polyclonal antiserum was raised against int280 from enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) serotypes o127:h6 and o114:h2 (anti-int280-h6 and anti-int280-h2, respectively), and western blot analysis was used to explore the immunological ... | 1998 | 9508292 |
| aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase variants of the ib type with altered substrate profile in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | three clinical isolates, enterobacter cloacae ec1562 and ec1563 and citrobacter freundii cfr564, displayed an aminoglycoside resistance profile evocative of low-level 6'-n acetyltransferase type ii [aac(6')-ii] production, which conferred reduced susceptibility to gentamicin but not to amikacin or isepamicin. aminoglycoside acetyltransferase assays suggested the synthesis in the three strains of an aac(6') which acetylated amikacin practically as well as it acetylated gentamicin in vitro. both c ... | 1998 | 9527761 |
| radiological case of the month. neonatal brain abscess caused by citrobacter diversus. | 1998 | 9529471 | |
| cellulitis caused by citrobacter diversus in a patient with multiple myeloma. | the most common cause of cellulitis is streptococci. coagulase-negative staphylococci and gram-negative bacteria, such as serratia spp., proteus spp., and other enterobacteriaceae may produce cellulitis in the immunocompromised patient. we report a case of citrobacter diversus-induced cellulitis, resembling streptococcal infection, in a patient with multiple myeloma. | 1998 | 9538959 |
| evaluation of use of a new chromogenic agar in detection of urinary tract pathogens. | chromagar orientation, a new chromogenic medium, was evaluated for the detection and differentiation of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms in 900 urine samples from hospitalized patients. performance characteristics of the medium were evaluated in comparison to those of 5% sheep blood and macconkey agars by direct inoculation of the urine samples on the three media. four gram-negative and two gram-positive strains as well as one yeast control strain from the american type ... | 1998 | 9542923 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum investigation of eight broad-spectrum beta-lactam drugs: a 1997 surveillance trial in 102 medical centers in the united states. cefepime study group. | because antimicrobial agents become less effective after the emergence of resistance mechanisms in clinically prevalent pathogens, physicians must utilize local, regional, and national antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance data to assist in choices of appropriate agents. an investigation of the spectrum and potency of eight broad-spectrum beta-lactam drugs (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin with or without tazobactam, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid) was ... | 1998 | 9572029 |
| isolation of a nonpathogenic strain of citrobacter sedlakii which expresses escherichia coli o157 antigen. | a nonpathogenic strain of citrobacter sedlakii which expresses the escherichia coli o157 antigen is described. the discovery of this strain emphasizes the necessity of additional biochemical and/or toxigenicity testing when isolates react with e. coli o157 latex reagents. | 1998 | 9574715 |
| inhibition of murine splenic and mucosal lymphocyte function by enteric bacterial products. | previously we showed that lysates of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) inhibit lymphokine production by mitogen-activated human peripheral blood and lamina propria mononuclear cells. the aims of the present study were to determine whether epec-inhibitory factors have similar effects on murine lymphoid populations in order to further delineate the mechanisms of alteration of cytokine production. preexposure to epec lysates inhibited mitogen-stimulated interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, and gamma ... | 1998 | 9632575 |
| important and emerging beta-lactamase-mediated resistances in hospital-based pathogens: the amp c enzymes. | resistance to third-generation cephalosporins mediated by beta-lactamases is an increasing problem for clinical therapeutics. a wide range of enterobacteriaceae produce these ampc enzymes (bush-jacoby-medeiros group 1), including enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, morganella morganii, providencia spp., and serratia marcescens. resistance via this mechanism has been shown to be statistically correlated with the use of some third-generation cephalosporins, and the infections caused by these ... | 1998 | 9635237 |
| bacterial resistance: a worldwide problem. | the therapeutic crisis produced by emerging antimicrobial resistances has compromised the chemotherapy of hospitalized patients with serious infections. for the most prevalent resistance problems, meropenem, a new carbapenem, appears to provide a potency and spectrum for: 1) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae; 2) bush-jacoby-merdeiros group 1 enzyme-producing ceftazidime-resistant enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and some serratia spp.; 3) ceftazidime- and imip ... | 1998 | 9635913 |
| mutants of citrobacter freundii that transport and utilize melibiose. | we have isolated mutants of citrobacter freundii that can grow on melibiose. inducible alpha-galactosidase activity and melibiose transport activity were detected in the mutant cells but not in the wild-type cells. we detected a dna region which hybridized with melb (the gene for the melibiose transporter) dna of escherichia coli in the chromosomal dna of wild-type c. freundii. protons, but not sodium ions, were found to be the coupling cations for melibiose (and methyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside) t ... | 1998 | 9642207 |
| direct detection of eae-positive bacteria in human and veterinary colorectal specimens by pcr. | a pcr test based on the amplification of an eae-specific sequence was designed and evaluated for its ability to directly detect homologous sequences in enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter spp. (amplification of eae open reading frame, 178 bp) in sections of the intestines of humans and animals with colonic lesions. positive pcr results were observed with eae-positive reference strains of e. coli and citrobacter rodentium (citrobacter freundii biotype 4280). known eae-negative refer ... | 1998 | 9666014 |
| gram-negative bacterial infections and cardiovascular parasitism in green sea turtles (chelonia mydas). | to investigate causes of ill health and mortality in juvenile wild green sea turtles (chelonia mydas) found along the mid-north west coast of western australia between june and october of 1997. | 1998 | 9673767 |
| distribution of mevalonate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate routes for isoprenoid biosynthesis in some gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria. | labeling experiments using [1-13c]acetate or [1-13c]glucose were performed with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, with innocuous bacteria related to pathogenic species or with phytopathogenic species. the labeling pattern was determined in the isoprenic moiety of ubiquinone or menaquinone derivatives. these experiments showed that acinetobacter, citrobacter, erwinia, pseudomonas, burkholderia, ralstonia and mycobacterium synthesize their isoprenoids via the mevalonate-independent glyceraldehyde ... | 1998 | 9675863 |
| the entericidin locus of escherichia coli and its implications for programmed bacterial cell death. | antidote/toxin gene pairs known as "addiction modules" can maintain plasmids in bacterial populations by means of post-segregational killing. however, several chromosome-encoded addiction modules may provide an entirely distinct function in the programmed cell death of moribund subpopulations under starvation conditions. we now report a novel chromosomal bacteriolytic module of escherichia coli called the entericidin locus, which is activated in stationary phase under high osmolarity conditions ... | 1998 | 9677290 |
| rapid detection and evaluation of clinical characteristics of emerging multiple-drug-resistant gram-negative rods carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaimp. | gram-negative rods (gnr) carrying the transferable carbapenem resistance gene blaimp, including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens, have been isolated from more than 20 hospitals in japan. although the emergence of such multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is of utmost clinical concern, little information in regard to the distribution of blaimp-positive gnr in hospitals and the clinical characteristics of infected patients is available. to address this, a system for the rapid detection o ... | 1998 | 9687398 |
| beta-lactamase-mediated resistance and opportunities for its control. | clinical use of beta-lactams has selected for beta-lactamase-producing organisms. numerous beta-lactamases are known, and sequencing allows them to be divided into four classes, a to d, with classes a and c being the most important. pharmaceutical chemists have responded to the spread of beta-lactamase-producing organisms by developing stable agents and inhibitors. stability in penicillins and cephalosporins is achieved by attaching a bulky substituent to the amino group of 6-aminopenicillanic a ... | 1998 | 9688449 |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o3a,3b,1c. | the following structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o3a,3b,1c containing d-mannose and d-rhamnose was established using sugar analysis and nmr spectroscopy, including computer-assisted analysis of the 13c nmr spectrum, 2d cosy, h,h-relayed cosy, heteronuclear 13c, 1h correlation (hetcor), and rotating-frame noe spectroscopy (roesy):-->4)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-beta-d-rhap-(1-->4) -beta-d-rhap-(1-->. | 1998 | 9691457 |
| comparison of sample sequences of the salmonella typhi genome to the sequence of the complete escherichia coli k-12 genome. | raw sequence data representing the majority of a bacterial genome can be obtained at a tiny fraction of the cost of a completed sequence. to demonstrate the utility of such a resource, 870 single-stranded m13 clones were sequenced from a shotgun library of the salmonella typhi ty2 genome. the sequence reads averaged over 400 bases and sampled the genome with an average spacing of once every 5,000 bases. a total of 339,243 bases of unique sequence was generated (approximately 7% representation). ... | 1998 | 9712782 |
| study of beta-lactam resistance in ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae. | mechanisms and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 50 ceftazidime resistant strains of enterobacteriaceae was studied. these strains were selected from 1991 e. coli, 1035 enterobacter spp., 168 citrobacter spp. and 1371 klebsiella spp., isolated from patients hospitalized in icus and in the pediatric and urology departments of six hospitals in bratislava during the years 1994-1996. the selected strains expressed the resistance not only to ceftazidime (50/50) but also to ampicillin (50/5 ... | 1998 | 9716290 |
| generation of escherichia coli intimin derivatives with differing biological activities using site-directed mutagenesis of the intimin c-terminus domain. | intimins, encoded by eae genes, are outer membrane proteins involved in attaching-effacing (a/e) lesion formation and host cell invasion by pathogenic bacteria, including enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and citrobacter rodentium. a series of intimins, harbouring specific mutations close to the c-terminus, were constructed using pcvd438, which encodes the eae gene from epec strain e2348/69. these mutant plasmids were introduced into epec strain cvd206 and c. rodentium strain dbs255, whic ... | 1998 | 9720872 |
| development of a new culture medium for the rapid detection of salmonella by indirect conductance measurements. | the main difficulties in conductance medium development are to allow salmonella to grow and produce a conductance signal while impeding growth of related species such as escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii. various selective agents were screened for these capacities and a new medium was derived, named kiman (whitley impedance broth basal medium supplemented with three selective components: novobiocin, malachite green and potassium iodide). this medium supported the growth of salmonella ser ... | 1998 | 9721644 |
| direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli in blood cultures by an electrochemical method. | nonfastidious aerobic gram-negative bacilli (gnb) are commonly isolated from blood cultures. the feasibility of using an electrochemical method for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gnb in positive blood cultures was evaluated. an aliquot (10 microliter) of 1:10-diluted positive blood cultures containing gnb was inoculated into the bactometer module well (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.) containing 1 ml of mueller-hinton broth supplemented with an antibiotic. susceptibility tests w ... | 1998 | 9738038 |
| silver nitrate: antimicrobial activity related to cytotoxicity in cultured human fibroblasts. | the aims of this study were to ascertain whether silver nitrate (agno3) concentrations below those used in clinical practice inhibit bacterial growth, and in parallel study the cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts. the cytoprotective effects of fetal calf serum (fcs) were also evaluated. the cytotoxic effects of eight different silver nitrate concentrations were determined by assessing mitochondrial activity of viable cells capable of cleaving tetrazolium salts. antimicrobial activity of agno3 ... | 1998 | 9745141 |
| [identification of escherichia coli o157 antigen by polymerase chain reaction]. | an assay was developed for the specific detection of escherichia coli o157 using pcr, because o serological cross-reactivities have been reported between e. coli o157 and some e. coli, other bacterial species. pcr amplification of e. coli o157 rfbe (ec o157:h7) gene that is necessary for the expression of the o157 antigen, was performed for the identification of e. coli o157. all shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 and o157:h, non-stec o157 strains were positive, and other non- ... | 1998 | 9745224 |
| a hospital outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae investigated by rapd typing and analysis of the genetics and mechanisms of resistance. | between july and september 1997 a ceftazidime- and aminoglycoside-resistant strain of klebsiella pneumoniae infected or colonized seven patients on three paediatric wards at guy's hospital in london. the patients were mostly neonates or infants recovering from cardiac surgery for congenital defects. the organism was probably introduced by an asymptomatic patient from greece and the subsequent outbreak could largely be explained by person-to-person spread on individual wards and frequent transfer ... | 1998 | 9749400 |
| gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of enterobacteriaceae. | fluoroquinolone resistance (fq-r) in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. two mechanisms of fq-r have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in dna gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. a single point mutation in gyra has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. to determine the extent of gyra mutations associated with fq-r in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers w ... | 1998 | 9756773 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to isolated bacteria in pediatric urinary tract infections]. | of the childhood urinary tract infections, more than 50% are caused by escherichia coli (e coli), followed by proteus mirabilis (p mirabilis), klebsiella sp, other enterobacteria, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococci. of e coli isolates, 50 to 60% are resistant to ampicillin (ampi-r), 10% being susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (amc). for p mirabilis, ampi-r isolates are less frequent and more often susceptible to amc. klebsiella sp is resistant to ampicillin, 75% of ... | 1998 | 9759315 |
| the use of escherichia coli bearing a phon gene for the removal of uranium and nickel from aqueous flows. | a citrobacter sp. originally isolated from metal-polluted soil accumulates heavy metals via metalphosphate deposition utilizing inorganic phosphate liberated via phon phosphatase activity. further strain development was limited by the non-transformability of this environmental isolate. recombinant escherichia coli dh5 alpha bearing cloned phon or the related phoc acquired metal-accumulating ability, which was compared with that of the citrobacter sp. with respect to removal of uranyl ion (uo2(2+ ... | 1998 | 9763695 |
| gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles which are capable of killing other bacteria. | naturally produced membrane vesicles (mvs), isolated from 15 strains of gram-negative bacteria (citrobacter, enterobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, salmonella, and shigella strains), lysed many gram-positive (including mycobacterium) and gram-negative cultures. peptidoglycan zymograms suggested that mvs contained peptidoglycan hydrolases, and electron microscopy revealed that the murein sacculi were digested, confirming a previous modus operandi (j. l. kadurugamuwa and t. j. ... | 1998 | 9765585 |
| bacterial pollution of cutting fluids: a risk factor for occupational diseases. | an outbreak of occupational diseases involving 38 metal workers with local infections on the hands and the face (53%), bronchitis (29%), and bronchopneumonia (18%) urged an examination of 150 samples of emulsions which the workers used in processing metals. among the isolated bacteria, the most frequent was pseudomonas aeruginosa (48%), followed by escherichia coli (44%), proteus spp. (11%), enterococcus faecalis (9%), enterobacter aerogenes (7%), citrobacter spp. (5%), shigella spp., staphyloco ... | 1998 | 10376355 |
| does refrigeration of urine alter culture results in hospitalized patients with neurogenic bladders? | a prospective, blinded study of 40 hospitalized spinal cord injured (sci) patients was conducted to evaluate the effects of refrigeration on urinalysis and culture results. urine samples were divided, with one aliquot examined within 4 hours and the other after 24 hours of refrigeration. comparisons using wilcoxon signed rank analysis showed no significant difference between fresh and refrigerated samples in white blood cell (wbc) count (z = -0.353, p = 0.724), number of bacteria (z = -0.772, p ... | 1998 | 10096047 |
| plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamases: how far have we gone 10 years after the discovery? | the dogma that ampc genes are located exclusively on the chromosome was dominant until about 10 years ago. since 1989 over 15 different plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamases have been reported from several countries. most of these enzymes evolved in two clusters. the major cluster includes several enzymes with a high similarity to cmy-2, which is the closest related chromosomal ampc enzyme of citrobacter freundii. a second cluster centers around cmy-1. it is less homogeneous and not closely relat ... | 1998 | 10097678 |
| abdominal ascites in electric eels (electrophorus electricus) associated with hepatic hemosiderosis and elevated water ph. | six electric eels (electrophorus electricus) from various centers that house aquatic organisms presented clinically with abdominal distension following prolonged exposure to elevated environmental ph. postmortem examination revealed marked ascites. culture of the abdominal fluid from three of the eels yielded either aeromonas hydrophila or citrobacter freundii, which were most likely secondary invaders. histopathology showed marked iron accumulation in both hepatocytes and hepatic macrophage agg ... | 1998 | 10065849 |
| diminished reproduction, failure to thrive, and altered immunologic function in a colony of t-cell receptor transgenic mice: possible role of citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium from an undetermined source was detected in a breeding colony of t-cell receptor transgenic mice housed in a conventional mouse facility in which murine hepatitis virus had been endemic and helicobacter spp. had been detected. citrobacter rodentium, isolated from blood, spleen, and colon, correlated with a significant increase in mortality and morbidity in this breeding colony. transgenic mice of all ages were affected by chronic debilitation, loss in reproductive efficienc ... | 1998 | 10090005 |
| dna shuffling of a family of genes from diverse species accelerates directed evolution. | dna shuffling is a powerful process for directed evolution, which generates diversity by recombination, combining useful mutations from individual genes. libraries of chimaeric genes can be generated by random fragmentation of a pool of related genes, followed by reassembly of the fragments in a self-priming polymerase reaction. template switching causes crossovers in areas of sequence homology. our previous studies used single genes and random point mutations as the source of diversity. an alte ... | 1998 | 9440693 |
| purification and characterization of acid-type phosphatases from a heavy-metal-accumulating citrobacter sp. | an acid phosphatase from a heavy-metal-accumulating strain of a citrobacter sp. was resolved into two forms on the basis of their nonbinding (phosphatase i) or binding (phosphatase ii) behaviour on the cation-exchange resin sp-sephadex c50. both holoenzymes had a molecular mass of 103-108 kda as determined by superose q-6 column chromatography in the presence of 150 mm kcl and a subunit molecular mass of 27 kda as determined by sds-page; the enzyme was tetrameric. both enzymes had a pi approxima ... | 1998 | 9446688 |
| stool colonization of healthcare workers with selected resistant bacteria. | we examined the carriage of selected resistant bacteria in the stools of healthcare workers who provided direct patient care. neither vancomycin-resistant enterococci, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, nor clostridium difficile was recovered from the 55 stool specimens collected. a ceftazidime-resistant citrobacter freundii was isolated from one specimen. we conclude that the stool of healthcare workers is colonized infrequently with these resistant organisms. | 1998 | 9475348 |
| bioremediation of phenol by alkaliphilic bacteria isolated from alkaline lake of lonar, india. | phenol is an industrially important compound which has a wide range of applications. being highly soluble in water, it appears as the major pollutant in waste waters arising from both phenol manufacturing and from industrial units that utilise phenol. because of its toxicity, bioremediation of phenol is necessary. since some of the phenol-bearing industrial waste waters are alkaline in nature, use of alkaliphilic bacteria for bioremediation of phenol was investigated. alkaliphilic bacteria were ... | 1998 | 21182701 |
| oro-pharyngeal protozoa in captive bustards: clinical and pathological considerations. | an oro-pharyngeal protozoal survey was carried out in captive bustards in the united arab emirates. .endolimax spp., .entamoeba gallinarum, acanthamoeba spp., .naegleria spp. and .coccidia spp. were the protozoa isolated from the oro-pharynx of clinically normal birds. the protozoa species involved in oro-pharyngeal diseases were .trichomonas gallinae and .entamoeba anatis. most of the protozoa observed in clinical cases were associated with severe secondary bacterial infections possibly due to ... | 1998 | 18484038 |
| microbially enhanced chemisorption of nickel into biologically synthesized hydrogen uranyl phosphate: a novel system for the removal and recovery of metals from aqueous solutions. | ni(2+) was removed quantitatively from aqueous flows by columns loaded with polycrystalline hydrogen uranyl phosphate (hup) bound to immobilized cells of citrobacter sp. the columns functioned effectively in ni uptake/regeneration cycles; five cycles were completed without significant decrease in the ni-removing capacity of the column. the influence of ph, temperature, and flow rate on the ni-removing capacity of the columns was examined. the composition of the ni/hup cell-bound deposits was con ... | 1997 | 18634098 |
| effect of substrate concentration and nitrate inhibition on product release and heavy metal removal by a citrobacter sp. | a citrobacter sp. accumulates heavy metals as cell-bound metal phosphates, utilizing phosphate released by the enzymatic cleavage of a phosphomonoester substrate. the effect of increased substrate (glycerol 2-phosphate, g2p) concentration on phosphate release and heavy metal accumulation was evaluated using a stirred tank reactor (str) and a plug flow reactor (pfr). a significant improvement in metal removal was achieved with increased substrate concentration using immobilized citrobacter cells ... | 1997 | 18636593 |
| antimicrobial activity and durability of a novel antimicrobial-impregnated bladder catheter. | the main objective of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity and durability of a novel indwelling bladder catheter impregnated with minocycline and rifampin. thirty antimicrobial-impregnated bladder catheters were inserted transurethrally in spinal cord-injured patients and removed, in six groups of five catheters each, at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 or 21 days. removed catheters had detectable zones of inhibition against two different clinical isolates of each of the 10 tested uropathogens ( ... | 1997 | 18611809 |
| [treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly]. | sixty outpatients at the age of 65 to 75 years with exacerbated chronic bronchitis were treated with antibiotics: amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (20 patients), cefaclor (20 patients) and ciprofloxacin (20 patients). the treatment course in all the cases was 5 days. bacteriological tests of the sputum specimens and estimation of the isolate antibiotic susceptibility by the disk diffusion method were applied to all the patients before and after the treatment. 73 per cent of the patients had mixed inf ... | 1997 | 9480649 |
| in vitro activity of fosfomycin trometamol against pathogens from urinary tract infections: a spanish multicenter study. | the in-vitro susceptibilities of a total of 1371 urinary tract pathogens to fosfomycin trometamol were determined. according to the nccls breakpoints, enterobacteriaceae and gram-positive microorganisms were, in general, very sensitive to this antimicrobial. more than 90.0% of the escherichia coli and citrobacter spp. and more than 70.0% of the klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, enterobacter spp., proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococcus spp. st ... | 1997 | 9491838 |
| antibacterial activity of t-5575, a novel 2-carboxypenam, and its stability to beta-lactamase. | the in-vitro activity of t-5575, 2-carboxypenam, a new parenteral antibiotic and its stability to beta-lactamases were compared with those of ceftazidime and imipenem. the activity of t-5575 was equal or superior to that of ceftazidime or imipenem against gram-negative bacteria that produced penicillinase with the exception of the enzyme oxa-1. against strains that produced cephalosporinase and zinc-dependent beta-lactamase, the activity of t-5575 was superior to that of ceftazidime or imipenem. ... | 1997 | 9044025 |
| in-vitro pharmacodynamic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. | six isolates each of enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter spp., serratia spp., acinetobacter spp. and enterobacter spp. (total 60 strains) were studied against the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam plus gentamicin or ciprofloxacin at physiological concentrations by the microtitre chequerboard method incorporating simultaneous time-kill curves. tazobactam was fixed at ... | 1997 | 9044028 |
| degradation of commercial detergent products by microbial populations of the lagos lagoon. | the biodegradability potentials of three detergent products with the trade names omo, teepol and sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) by the native bacteria of the lagos lagoon was carried out using the lagoon die-away method. physicochemical parameters of the water samples showed that the lagoon in apapa was more polluted than at the university of lagos. in 12 days, approximately 30, 60 and 97% of omo, teepol and sds respectively were degraded. sds with an alkyl sulfate moiety as surfactant supported t ... | 1997 | 9449783 |
| multicenter evaluation of antimicrobial resistance to six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in colombia using the etest method. the colombian antimicrobial resistance study group. | the need for comprehensive and quantitative accurate antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems has become acute as a guide to problem recognition and to focus local interventions. a multilaboratory (10 medical centers) colombia surveillance project was initiated in early 1997 to monitor the potency and spectrum of six (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, aztreonam, and imipenem) broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents tested against 100 organisms per participant center (80 ... | 1997 | 9458984 |
| [an epidemic outbreak of food poisoning in a children's health-promotion camp]. | 1997 | 9460887 | |
| studies on antimicrobial effect of the antihistaminic phenothiazine trimeprazine tartrate. | the antibacterial and bactericidal activities of the antihistamine trimeprazine were studied against 243 strains of bacteria which included both gram positive and gram negative types. the susceptibility of these bacterial strains to trimeprazine was assessed by determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) which was found to be between 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. nineteen strains of staphylococcus spp. and salmonella spp. were trimeprazine. most of the strains belonging to bacillus spp. ... | 1997 | 9468728 |
| small cryptic plasmids of multiplasmid, clinical escherichia coli. | clinical isolates of escherichia coli were found to host a multiplicity of plasmids. these were resolved from plasmid gel profiles, from the properties of various transconjugants and transformants of e. coli dh1, by the topoisomerase i relaxation of covalently closed circle plasmid dna, by electron microscopy, and by the determination of their compatibilities. the majority of these were unusually small, cryptic plasmids (scps). from one strain, kl4, 13 electrophoretic bands were resolved to five ... | 1997 | 9073577 |
| detection and identification of citrobacter sedlakii in the czech republic. | the biochemical characters of eight strains identified as citrobacter sedlakii were investigated with the aid of six methods (tube tests, api 50 ch, api 20 e, microscan, biolog, and crystal). all the strains were well defined on the basis of biochemical properties investigated with the aid of laboratory-prepared tube tests. the results obtained by the identification kits could not be correctly interpreted. commercial diagnostic kits should include the reference data necessary for the identificat ... | 1997 | 9084112 |
| cloning and characterization of the eae gene from a dog attaching and effacing escherichia coli strain 4221. | we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the eae gene from a dog attaching and effacing (a/e) escherichia coli (depec) strain 4221. when comparing the predicted amino acid sequence of the eaedepec to that of the eae proteins from enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), enterohaemorrhagic e. coli o157:h7 (ehec), citrobacter freundii biotype 4280, and a swine a/e e. coli strain o45 (pepec), the overall sequence identity was 84, 81, 83 and 83%, respectively, with the greatest divergence at ... | 1997 | 9084152 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of blood culture isolates obtained before and after the introduction of ciprofloxacin. | the in-vitro susceptibilities of 1658 blood culture isolates to ciprofloxacin and 13 other antimicrobial agents were determined, and compared with the results for isolates obtained before and after the availability of ciprofloxacin in 1989. only six (0.6%) of 995 enterobacteriaceae were resistant to the fluoroquinolones tested; all of the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were isolated after 1989 (p = 0.04). no significant increase in ciprofloxacin resistance was found in pseudomonas aeruginosa or ... | 1997 | 9096194 |
| fosfomycin tromethamine. a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy as a single-dose oral treatment for acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. | fosfomycin tromethamine is a phosphonic acid bactericidal agent with in vitro activity against most urinary tract pathogens. it is particularly active against escherichia coli, and citrobacter, enterobacter, klebsiella, serratia and enterococcus spp. there appears to be little cross-resistance between fosfomycin and other antibacterial agents, possibly because it differs from other agents in its general chemical structure and site of action. in its new formulation as the oral tromethamine salt, ... | 1997 | 9098664 |
| effects of tyrosine ring fluorination on rates and equilibria of formation of intermediates in the reactions of carbon-carbon lyases. | the interactions of ring fluorinated analogs of tyrosine with tyrosine phenol-lyase and tryptophan indole-lyase (tryptophanase) were studied by rapid-scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry. the reaction of l-tyrosine with tyrosine phenol-lyase resulted in rapid formation of a small absorbance peak at 500 nm, attributed to a quinonoid intermediate. the reaction of 3-fluoro-l-tyrosine with tyrosine phenol-lyase resulted in a peak at 500 nm with much higher absorbance, as did the reaction of 3,5-d ... | 1997 | 9119037 |
| fatal fungemia resulting from an infected transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent. | placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is a well accepted treatment in the management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. although morbidity and mortality associated with the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts have dramatically decreased, complications still occur. we report a case of fatal fungemia resulting from an infected transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent. | 1997 | 9128335 |
| effect of preventive administration of a nonpathogenic escherichia coli strain on the colonization of the intestine with microbial pathogens in newborn infants. | in a randomized, double-blind study, 27 healthy newborn infants were colonized with the nonpathogenic escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 (e. coli dsm 6601, mutaflor) during the first 5 days of life by daily oral inoculation of 1 ml of a suspension with 10(8) living cells. a second group of 27 newborns, used as controls, received a placebo suspension (1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline) instead. stool samples were taken on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 21, and 6 months after birth. all samples were examin ... | 1997 | 9129791 |
| antibacterial activity of bms-180680, a new catechol-containing monobactam. | the in vitro activities of a new catechol-containing monobactam, bms-180680 (sq 84,100), were compared to those of aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. bms-180680 was often the most active compound against many species of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (mic90s) of < or = 0.5 microg/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter diversus, enterobacter aero ... | 1997 | 9145861 |
| kinetic investigations with inhibitors that mimic the posthomolysis intermediate in the reactions of coenzyme-b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase and diol dehydratase. | kinetic investigations were performed on the coenzyme-b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase and diol dehydratase reactions using 1,2-propanediol as substrate and [omega-(adenosin-5'-o-yl)alkyl]cobalamins as mimics of the posthomolysis intermediate state of the coenzyme. all the coenzyme-b12 analogues with oligomethylene chains (c3-c7) inserted between the central co atom and the 5' o of the adenosine moiety were competitive inhibitors with respect to coenzyme b12. the apparent inhibition constants ... | 1997 | 9151970 |
| spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by citrobacter diversus: case report. | 1997 | 8994770 | |
| the most frequent aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms--changes with time and geographic area: a reflection of aminoglycoside usage patterns? aminoglycoside resistance study groups. | the aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms revealed by two surveys in europe and other countries have been compared to those revealed in earlier studies. mechanisms have become more complex in all bacterial groups. in providencia, serratia, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, and staphylococcus species isolates, genus-specific mechanisms were very common, and it was not possible to see differences between different geographic areas. in other enterobacteriaceae, the increasing complexity of mechanisms was ... | 1997 | 8994779 |
| characterization of the 6'-n-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene aac(6')-im [corrected] associated with a suli-type integron. | the amikacin resistance gene aac(6')-im [corrected] from citrobacter freundii cf155 encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase was characterized. the gene was identified as a coding sequence of 521 bp located down-stream from the 5' conserved segment of an integron. the sequence of this aac(6')-im [corrected] gene corresponded to a protein of 173 amino acids which possessed 64.2% identity in a 165-amino-acid overlap with the aac(6')-ia gene product (f.c. tenover, d. filpula, k.l. phillips ... | 1997 | 9021185 |
| bacterial strains isolated from eggs and their resistance to currently used antibiotics: is there a health hazard for consumers? | in order to study the putative transfer of antibiotic resistance from poultry to humans, hens' eggs were examined for the presence of various pathogens. staphylococcus, enterobacter, escherichia, proteus and pseudomonas spp. were the most frequently isolated genera. sensitivity tests, performed with the kirby-bauer technique, showed the presence of resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus (to penicillin-g, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefalosporins, oxacillin, gentamycin, chloramph ... | 1997 | 9023039 |
| an homogeneous fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay to identify salmonella. | we have developed a semiquantitative homogeneous fluorescence assay that combines polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification with direct fluorescence detection (hf-pcr). the assay eliminates the need to perform gel electrophoresis on test samples. using a set of salmonella-specific primers, this system was used to verify suspect colonies from culture plates as salmonella. the fluorescence signal is generated by a nucleic acid dye, yo-pro-1, that is included in the amplification reaction. this ... | 1997 | 9056213 |
| the responses of lucilia cuprina to odours from sheep, offal and bacterial cultures. | the responses of gravid female lucilia cuprina to odours from sheep urine, faeces and gut mucus, and to odours from liver/sodium sulphide mixtures was tested using a bioassay which measured the movement and probing response of walking flies. the same bioassay was used to test the response to odours from cultures of bacteria isolated from liver/sodium sulphide and liver/water mixtures. a significant movement towards odours from faeces, gut mucus and urine was observed. odours from cultures of the ... | 1997 | 9061678 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the ampc beta-lactamase of morganella morganii. | the chromosomal beta-lactamase gene of a clinical isolate of morganella morganii was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the beta-lactamase had a pi of 7.4 and conferred a typical ampc susceptibility pattern. the insert obtained was found to encode a protein of 379 amino acids. its deduced amino acid sequence revealed it to be a class c beta-lactamase: 39-56% identity with chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases of serratia marcescens, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter c ... | 1997 | 9066104 |
| a reassessment of the in-vitro activity of colistin sulphomethate sodium. | the in-vitro activity of colistin sulphomethate sodium was compared with that of other commonly used antimicrobial agents against 377 recent clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria (including 94 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis) and 16 organisms with defined resistance patterns. colistin was active against most strains of p. aeruginosa (mic90 4 mg/l), shigella spp. (mic90 0.5 mg/l), salmonella spp. (mic90 1 mg/l), acinetobacter spp. (mic90 2 mg/l), citroba ... | 1997 | 9069549 |
| the crystal structure of citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase complexed with 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, together with site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis, demonstrates that arginine 381 is required for substrate specificity. | the x-ray structure of tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) complexed with a substrate analog, 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, shows that arg 381 is located in the substrate binding site, with the side-chain nh1 4.1 a from the 4'-oh of the analog. the structure has been deduced at 2.5 a resolution using crystals that belong to the p2(1)2(1)2 space group with a = 135.07 a, b = 143.91 a, and c = 59.80 a. to evaluate the role of arg 381 in tpl catalysis, we prepared mutant proteins replacing arginine wi ... | 1997 | 9174368 |
| dialysis catheter 'fibrin-sheath stripping': a cautionary tale! | 1997 | 9175070 | |
| [changes in the microbial picture during the production of poultry salami]. | changes in microbiological parameters during the production of fine poultry salami was monitored in a private poultry-processing plant in kosice within a period of six months. this product consists of meat paste or mechanically deboned poultry meat (mdpm), which is produced with the help of a protecon mpb 30 e deboning machine, pork trimmings, water (in the form of crushed ice), salt, spices, and garlic paste. the main raw food material (hand-boned meat and skin from poultry carcasses intended f ... | 1997 | 9182395 |
| [identification of citrobacter species and their occurrence in raw products and foods]. | fifty-nine strains of bacteria were tested in study that were isolated from raw materials and foods (raw milk, farm milking parlors, sausage meat, raw potatoes, cheese, frozen oven-ready foods, confectionery products, cold dishes), and they were included in the genus citrobacter using a commercial diagnostic kit enterotest 16 (lachema a.s., brno), numeric identification program tnw (czech collection of microorganisms, faculty of science of masaryk university at brno) and identification key (o'ha ... | 1997 | 9182396 |
| in-vitro microbiological assessment of a new penem, men 10700. | the in-vitro antibacterial activity of men 10700, a novel penem, has been compared with that of ritipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cefotaxime and co-amoxiclav against 539 strains taken from 17 genera. men 10700 was most active against staphylococci and streptococci (mic90 < 0.5 mg/l), slightly less active against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., moraxella catarrhalis and peptostreptococci (mic90 0.5-2 mg/l), moderately active against enterococcus fae ... | 1997 | 9184355 |
| rational use of antibiotics in neonatal infections. | review of the management of neonatal infections is done with the aim of guiding the clinician on appropriate therapy. minimum investigations should include a white blood cell count including the l:t ratio and a blood culture. the bulk of infections at kenyatta national hospital newborn unit are caused by klebsiela, citrobacter and staphylococcus aureus. during the 1990's considerable resistance to gentamicin has developed. currently, cephalosporins chloramphenicol have the best sensitivity patte ... | 1997 | 9185409 |
| widespread occurrence of integrons causing multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria. | 1997 | 9193388 | |
| citrobacter freundii and fatal neutropenic enterocolitis following adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. | 1997 | 9209673 | |
| reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens in neonatal intensive care unit. | a total of 256 swabs taken from different areas of neonatal intensive care units (icu) in kcg hospital and amc hospital, bangalore were bacteriologically investigated for prevalence, source and spread of nosocomial bacteria. culture studies revealed growth in 217 (84.8%) swab samples indicating considerable contamination of different areas of the units and sources of infection. klebsiella pneumoniae (27.3%) was the predominant organism followed by esch coli (16.8%), staph aureus (11.7%), staph e ... | 1997 | 9212573 |
| [the effect of cefepime on ceftazidime, cefotaxime and imipenem resistant strains of acinetobacter, xanthomonas, pseudomonas, flavobacterium, sphingobacterium and on producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) with resistance transfer]. | the new cephalosporins with heterocyclic positively charged substituent at position c3 belong to the 4th generation cephalosporins. it is not evident, whereas these antibiotics are effective against cefotaxime-ceftazidime-resistant bacteria. we investigated the efficiency of the cefepime (maxipime, bms) against acinetobacter sp., x. maltophilia, pseudomonas sp., flavobacterium sp., sphingobacterium sp. and against strains with production of esbl (extended spectrum beta-lactamases) (enterobacter ... | 1997 | 9221190 |
| in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against sensitive and resistant aerobic bacteria using the standard microdilution broth method and etest. | a comparison of mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219) determined by the standard microdilution broth method versus the etest was performed for multiple strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. a comparison was also made of the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. the mic50 and mic90 were determined by both methods for each species tested. the etest resulted in mics one to two dilutions higher than the microdilution broth method. trovafloxacin was the mos ... | 1997 | 9222068 |
| infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | to identify the characteristics and outcomes of infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | 1997 | 9222227 |
| binding of monoclonal antibody 4b1 to homologs of the lactose permease of escherichia coli. | the conformationally sensitive epitope for monoclonal antibody (mab) 4b1, which uncouples lactose from h+ translocation in the lactose permease of escherichia coli, is localized in the periplasmic loop between helices vii and viii (loop vii/viii) on one face of a short helical segment (sun j, et al., 1996, biochemistry 35;990-998). comparison of sequences in the region corresponding to loop vii/viii in members of cluster 5 of the major facilitator superfamily (mfs), which includes five homologou ... | 1997 | 9232651 |
| sensitivity to ph, product inhibition, and inhibition by nad+ of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase purified from enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210. | because of its key role in the metabolism of glycerol during fermentation, 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.202) of enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210 was purified to homogeneity and studied with respect to its sensitivity to ph and to nucleotide and 1,3-propanediol concentrations. enzyme activity was optimal at ph 7.8. the enzyme was competitively inhibited by nad+ (ki of 0.29 mm), and 1,3-propanediol exerted a strong inhibitory effect according to a mixed-type inhibition with a ki of 13 ... | 1997 | 9238108 |
| citrobacter koseri osteomyelitis in an infant. | a 3-week-old infant developed left shoulder swelling and was found to have septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the humerus caused by citrobacter koseri (formerly c. diversus). citrobacter species are gram-negative rods that are best known for their propensity to cause neonatal meningitis, ventriculitis and concomitant brain abscess. non-central nervous system infections are rare. the present case illustrates that neonatal osteomyelitis caused by unusual organisms can present to pediatricians i ... | 1997 | 9241910 |
| [new data on the specificity and genetic control of the capsular antigen (f1) in yersinia pestis]. | the specific features of the synthesis of antigenic fractions f1, obtained from the strains of different species of enterobacteria and their hybrids inheriting y. pestis plasmid pyt, were determined at different cultivation temperatures and the preparations of these antigenic fractions were characterized. preparations containing the diagnostic antigenic determinant f1 were obtained from disintegrated bacteria of y. pestis plasmid-free strain and microbial cells of klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobac ... | 1997 | 9245136 |
| role of the colicin a lysis protein in the expression of the colicin a operon. | the involvement of the cal gene, which encodes the colicin a lysis protein, in the expression of the colicin a operon is demonstrated. colicin a synthesis by escherichia coli was studied at various temperatures in cells containing either the wild-type colicin a operon or the colicin a operon with the cal gene deleted. the amount of colicin a produced was lower in cells containing the colicin a operon devoid of the cal gene than in wild-type cells. in cells treated with the antibiotic globomycin, ... | 1997 | 9245818 |
| localization of enzymically enhanced heavy metal accumulation by citrobacter sp. and metal accumulation in vitro by liposomes containing entrapped enzyme. | a heavy-metal-accumulating citrobacter sp. has been used for the treatment of metal-laden industrial wastes. metal uptake is mediated via a cell-bound phosphatase that liberates inorganic phosphate which precipitates with heavy metals as cell-bound metal phosphate. a phosphatase-efficient mutant accumulated little uo(2)2+, while a phosphatase-overproducing mutant accumulated correspondingly more metal, with a uranium loading equivalent to the bacterial dry weight achieved after 6 h exposure of r ... | 1997 | 9245830 |
| citrobacter freundii and fatal neutropenic enterocolitis following adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. | neutropenic enterocolitis is increasingly being recognized as a life-threatening complication of chemotherapy, mainly for haematological and lymphoproliferative malignancies. it is under-recognized clinically, with the diagnosis often being made on post-mortem examination. although active medical management is generally preferred, surgical intervention may be indicated. we report a case of fatal neutropenic enterocolitis, secondary to citrobacter freundii, following adjuvant chemotherapy for bre ... | 1997 | 9269550 |
| molecular epidemiology of an outbreak due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria in a french hospital. | between june 1992 and june 1993, 128 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (123 klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 escherichia coli, 1 enterobacter aerogenes, and 1 citrobacter diversus) were collected in a french university hospital. these isolates were recovered mainly from patients hospitalized in intensive care and neurosurgery units. the 128 strains were divided into 14 antibiotypes (atbs; atb1 to atb14); 102 of 103 nonredundant isolates were shown to produce an shv-4-related exte ... | 1997 | 9272388 |
| the tpl promoter of citrobacter freundii is activated by the tyrr protein. | the ability of microorganisms to degrade l-tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia is catalyzed by the inducible enzyme l-tyrosine phenol lyase (ec 4.1.99.2). to investigate possible mechanisms for how the synthesis of this enzyme is regulated, a variety of biochemical and genetic procedures was used to analyze transcription from the tpl promoter of citrobacter freundii atcc 29063 (c. braakii). by computer analysis of the region upstream of the tpl structural gene, two segments of dna bearing ... | 1997 | 9294452 |
| characterization and amino acid sequence analysis of a new oxyimino cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase from serratia fonticola cuv. | serratia fonticola cuv produces two isoenzymes (forms i and ii) with beta-lactamase activity which were purified by a five-step procedure. the isoenzymes had identical kinetic parameters and isoelectric point (pi = 8.12). they were characterized by a specific activity towards benzylpenicillin of 1650 u/mg. the beta-lactamase hydrolyzed benzylpenicillin, amoxycillin, ureidopenicillins, first- and second-generation cephalosporins. carboxypenicillins and isoxazolylpenicillins were hydrolyzed to a l ... | 1997 | 9300809 |
| glycerol conversion to 1,3-propanediol by clostridium pasteurianum: cloning and expression of the gene encoding 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase. | when grown on glycerol as sole carbon and energy source, cell extracts of clostridium pasteurianum exhibited activities of glycerol dehydrogenase, dihydroxyacetone kinase, glycerol dehydratase and 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase. the genes encoding the latter two enzymes were cloned by colony hybridization using the dhat gene of citrobacter freundii as a heterologous dna probe and expressed in escherichia coli. the native molecular mass of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (dhat) is 440,000 da. the dh ... | 1997 | 9311132 |
| mutations in the gyra and parc genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii. | we determined partial sequences of the gyra and parc genes of citrobacter freundii type strain, and then examined 38 c. freundii clinical strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections for the association of alterations in gyra and parc with susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. our results suggest that in c. freundii dna gyrase may be a primary target of quinolones, that an amino acid change at thr-83 or asp-87 in gyra is sufficient to decrease susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, an ... | 1997 | 9311142 |
| effect of vancomycin on intestinal flora of patients who previously received antimicrobial therapy. | to evaluate the ecological disturbances of peroral vancomycin administration following cephalosporin administration, 20 healthy volunteers received cefuroxime axetil tablets (250 mg) perorally twice a day for 1 week, and 10 of these volunteers subsequently received vancomycin capsules (125 mg) perorally four times daily for 7 days. the concentration of vancomycin in feces after 1 week of vancomycin administration was high (mean +/- sd, 520 +/- 197 mg/kg), which correlated with the ecological dis ... | 1997 | 9314469 |
| distribution of a sub-class of bacterial abc polar amino acid transporter and identification of an n-terminal region involved in solute specificity. | a new sub-class of binding protein-dependent transporter with specificity for a broad range of polar amino acids has been identified by sequence comparison, in rhizobium leguminosarum, rhodobacter capsulatus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas fluorescens. southern blotting and pcr analysis has shown that transporters from this new sub-class are widely distributed in gram-negative bacteria, including, in addition to the above, citrobacter freundii, erwinia carotovorum and rhizobium meliloti. abc t ... | 1997 | 9315727 |
| molecular epidemiology of a nosocomial outbreak due to shv-4-producing strains of citrobacter diversus. | over a 6-month period, eight strains of citrobacter diversus (citrobacter koseri) resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams were isolated from seven colonized and/or infected patients from the same intensive care unit. all strains harbored a single large conjugative plasmid which mediated an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase of the shv-4 type (ceftazidimase phenotype; enzyme pi, 7.8; plasmid dna hybridization with a blashv-specific probe). all strains were characterized by ant ... | 1997 | 9316908 |