Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| phylogenomic and biochemical characterization of three legionella pneumophila polypeptide deformylases. | legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative facultative intracellular human pathogen that can cause fatal legionnaires' disease. polypeptide deformylase (pdf) is a novel broad-spectrum antibacterial target, and reports of inhibitors of pdf with potent activities against l. pneumophila have been published previously. here, we report the identification of not one but three putative pdf genes, pdfa, pdfb, and pdfc, in the complete genome sequences of three strains of l. pneumophila. phylogenetic anal ... | 2006 | 16816197 |
| [free-living amoebae: analytical methods for water and biofilm quality control]. | free-living amoebae are ubiquitous. some species can cause infections in humans and it is known that they can ingest and protect many microrganisms, such as species belonging to legionella genus. till now in italy the environmental surveillance is still scarce because of both the lack of appropriate and promptly practical methods and drawbacks due to matrices characteristics. in the present study simple techniques were investigated and evaluated to detect and observe free-living amoebae in good ... | 2006 | 16821497 |
| targeting of host rab gtpase function by the intravacuolar pathogen legionella pneumophila. | the intracellular pathogen legionella pneumophila replicates in a vacuole that recruits material from the host cell endoplasmic reticulum (er). biogenesis of this unique vacuole depends on the bacterial dot/icm type iv secretion system that translocates proteins across host cell membranes. here, we show that two translocated substrates, sidm and lida, target host cell rab1, a small gtpase regulating er-to-golgi traffic. sidm is a guanosine nucleotide exchange factor for rab1 that recruits rab1 t ... | 2006 | 16824952 |
| prevalence of chlamydophila pneumoniae among bangladeshi children under age 5 years with acute respiratory infections. | despite major improvements in the diagnosis of pathogenic organisms causing acute respiratory infections (aris), details of infections caused by atypical pathogens are not well understood, particularly in developing countries. this clinical and epidemiological research was conducted in bangladesh to explore the prevalence of atypical pathogens in causing childhood pneumonia. sixty-four children with ari were studied at the pediatric outpatient department of dhaka medical college hospital, bangla ... | 2006 | 16826346 |
| [legionellosis]. | although one does not find the origin of the contamination in the human half of the cases of legionellosis, one knows that this disease is the consequence of the almost obligatory contamination of the networks of installations of hot water by legionella pneumophila, and the inhalation by the man of infected droplets. pathology generally consists of a relatively serious pneumopathy. the control of the level of contamination of the various producing hydrous installations of aerosols is imperative ... | 2006 | 16828035 |
| identification and characterization of novel cole1-type, high-copy number plasmid mutants in legionella pneumophila. | cole1-type plasmids are commonly used in bacterial genetics research, and replication of these plasmids is regulated by interaction of rna i and rna ii. although these plasmids are narrow-host-range, they can be maintained in legionella pneumophila under antibiotic selection, with low-copy number and instability. here, we have described the isolation of two novel spontaneous mutants of pbc(gfp)pmip, pbg307 and pbg309, which are able to mark the l. pneumophila with strong green fluorescence when ... | 2006 | 16828158 |
| efficient intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila in human monocytes requires functional host cell l-type calcium channels. | the infectious agent of legionnaires' disease, legionella pneumophila, multiplies intracellularly in a variety of eukaryotic cells. genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to block intracellular replication of l. pneumophila without harming the infected host cell. the present study has been performed to investigate the underlying mechanism. we demonstrate that inhibition of intracellular bacterial growth by genistein is not mediated by its protein tyrosine kinase-modulating effect ... | 2006 | 16831218 |
| [definition of low respiratory tract infections]. | lower respiratory tract infection is easily suggested on clinical signs (cough and sputum) associated with fever. to discriminate between pneumonia and acute bronchitis is crucial because of the mortality associated with pneumonia and of its specific management. chest x-ray is a key exam for the diagnosis and should be performed on the basis of validated clinical signs that are however of weak diagnostic value. clinical as well as radiological signs cannot be reliably used to identify the causat ... | 2006 | 16837158 |
| periodontopathogenic bacteria multiply in the environmental amoeba acanthamoeba castellani. | porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia are obligate anaerobe gram-negative periodontopathogenic bacteria. free-living amoebae, such as acanthamoeba spp., are well known as environmental hosts of several human pathogens, such as franciscella tularensis, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and mycobacteria spp. this study tested the ability of p. gingivalis and p. intermedia to become internalized, to survive and replicate in acanthamoeba castellani. our results show for the f ... | 2006 | 16837243 |
| cannabinoid treatment suppresses the t-helper cell-polarizing function of mouse dendritic cells stimulated with legionella pneumophila infection. | marijuana cannabinoids, such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinoid (thc), suppress type 1 t-helper 1 (th1) immunity in a variety of models, including infection with the intracellular pathogen legionella pneumophila (lp). to examine the cellular mechanism of this effect, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (dcs) were purified from balb/c mice and studied following infection and drug treatment. dcs infected in vitro with lp were able to protect mice when injected prior to a lethal lp infection; however ... | 2006 | 16837556 |
| distribution of 19 major virulence genes in legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from patients and water in queensland, australia. | the distribution of 19 major virulence genes and the presence of plasmids were surveyed in 141 legionella pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 isolates from patients and water in queensland, australia. the results showed that 16 of the virulence genes examined were present in all isolates, suggesting that they are life-essential genes for isolates in the environment and host cells. the 65 kb pathogenicity island identified originally in strain philadelphia-1(t) was detected more frequently in isolates f ... | 2006 | 16849718 |
| mouse infection by legionella, a model to analyze autophagy. | autophagy is a conserved membrane traffic pathway that equips eukaryotic cells to capture cytoplasmic components within a double-membrane vacuole, or autophagosome, for delivery to lysosomes. although best known as a mechanism to survive starvation, autophagy is now recognized to combat infection by a variety of microbes.(1-3) not surprisingly, to establish a replication niche in host cells, some intracellular pathogens have acquired mechanisms either to evade or subvert the autophagic pathway. ... | 2006 | 16874080 |
| multiple pulmonary abscesses caused by legionella pneumophila infection in an infant with croup. | legionella infections are uncommon in childhood. we report the case of an infant who developed multiple pulmonary abscesses caused by legionella pneumophila after receiving prolonged corticosteroid treatment of severe croup. diagnosis was not suspected because immunosuppression was not initially considered. caution should be used when prolonging high-dose corticosteroids in children with respiratory diseases. | 2006 | 16874182 |
| serodiagnosis of acute respiratory infections in children in georgia. | to investigate the etiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children. | 2006 | 16877849 |
| virulence strategies for infecting phagocytes deduced from the in vivo transcriptional program of legionella pneumophila. | adaptation to the host environment and exploitation of host cell functions are critical to the success of intracellular pathogens. here, insight to these virulence mechanisms was obtained for the first time from the transcriptional program of the human pathogen legionella pneumophila during infection of its natural host, acanthamoeba castellanii. the biphasic life cycle of l. pneumophila was reflected by a major shift in gene expression from replicative to transmissive phase, concerning nearly h ... | 2006 | 16882028 |
| effect of flow regimes on the presence of legionella within the biofilm of a model plumbing system. | stagnation is widely believed to predispose water systems to colonization by legionella. a model plumbing system was constructed to determine the effect of flow regimes on the presence of legionella within microbial biofilms. | 2006 | 16882152 |
| legionella pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis and septic shock successfully treated with drotrecogin alpha (activated). | 2006 | 16884556 | |
| targeting species-specific low-affinity 16s rrna binding sites by using peptide nucleic acids for detection of legionellae in biofilms. | using fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect bacterial groups has several inherent limitations. dna probes are generally used, targeting sites on the 16s rrna. however, much of the 16s rrna is highly conserved, with variable regions often located in inaccessible areas where secondary structures can restrict probe access. here, we describe the use of peptide nucleic acid (pna) probes as a superior alternative to dna probes, especially when used for environmental samples. a complex bacterial ... | 2006 | 16885298 |
| towards a molecular understanding of human diseases using dictyostelium discoideum. | the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum is increasingly being used as a simple model for the investigation of problems that are relevant to human health. this article focuses on several recent examples of dictyostelium-based biomedical research, including the analysis of immune-cell disease and chemotaxis, centrosomal abnormalities and lissencephaly, bacterial intracellular pathogenesis, and mechanisms of neuroprotective and anti-cancer drug action. the combination of cellular, genetic and mo ... | 2006 | 16890490 |
| evaluation of two new immunochromatographic assays (rapid u legionella antigen test and sd bioline legionella antigen test) for detection of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen in urine. | we evaluated two new immunochromatographic assays for their abilities to detect legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen in urine. the results were compared with those obtained by the binax now urinary antigen test. the sensitivities and specificities were estimated to be 71.2% and 96.6%, respectively, for the rapid u test; 31.5% and 98.9%, respectively, for the sd bioline test; and 91.8% and 100%, respectively, for the binax now test. | 2006 | 16891524 |
| atypical pathogens as etiologic agents in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in korea: a prospective multi-center study. | local epidemiologic data on the etiologies of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is needed to develop guidelines for clinical practice. this study was conducted prospectively to determine the proportion of atypical bacterial pathogens in adults patients hospitalized with cap in korea between october 2001 and december 2002. microbiological diagnosis was determined by serology for antibodies to mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila. nucl ... | 2006 | 16891800 |
| the legionella pneumophila effector protein drra is a rab1 guanine nucleotide-exchange factor. | the intracellular pathogen legionella pneumophila avoids fusion with lysosomes and subverts membrane transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to create an organelle that supports bacterial replication. transport of endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles to the legionella-containing vacuole (lcv) requires bacterial proteins that are translocated into host cells by a type iv secretion apparatus called dot/icm. recent observations have revealed recruitment of the host gtpase rab1 to the lcv by a pr ... | 2006 | 16906144 |
| cytosolic recognition of flagellin by mouse macrophages restricts legionella pneumophila infection. | to restrict infection by legionella pneumophila, mouse macrophages require naip5, a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat family of pattern recognition receptors, which detect cytoplasmic microbial products. we report that mouse macrophages restricted l. pneumophila replication and initiated a proinflammatory program of cell death when flagellin contaminated their cytosol. nuclear condensation, membrane permeability, and interleukin-1beta secretion were trig ... | 2006 | 16606669 |
| [what is new in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia?]. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is the most important infectious disease in germany. after 3 years of data recording, the country-wide competence network capnetz presents reliable data on etiology and course of the disease, based on more than 3,500 prospectively observed patients. in the acute phase, lethality is as high as nearly 10%, and in the 6-month follow-up period after the acute infection, lethality is > 15%. a reliable detection of the underlying pathogen is possible in less than hal ... | 2006 | 16607488 |
| attachment and fusion of endoplasmic reticulum with vacuoles containing legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that replicates in a unique vacuole that avoids endocytic maturation. previous studies have shown host vesicles attached to the l. pneumophila-containing vacuole (lcv) minutes after uptake. here we examine the origin and content of these vesicles by electron microscopy (em). our data demonstrate that the attached vesicles are derived from endoplasmic reticulum (er) based the presence of the resident er proteins glucose-6-phosphatase, protein di ... | 2006 | 16611228 |
| [the pathogens of atypical respiratory infections and asthma]. | the pathogens of atypical respiratory infections form a big heterogeneous group of different microorganisms. the classical ones belong to bacterial species of mycoplasma pneumonaie, chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila. this category comprises also some viruses and rickettsia. in many cases they are responsible for the asthma course exacerbation. their contribution in the asthma development is suspected, too. potential protecting effect against atopy and asthma is a subject of specula ... | 2006 | 16617744 |
| prevalence study of legionella spp. contamination in ferries and cruise ships. | in the last years, international traffic volume has significantly increased, raising the risk for acquisition of infectious diseases. among travel-associated infections, increased incidence of legionellosis has been reported among travellers. aim of our study was: to describe the frequency and severity of legionella spp. contamination in ferries and cruise ships; to compare the levels of contamination with those indicated by the italian ministerial guidelines for control and prevention of legion ... | 2006 | 16620388 |
| legionella spp. in hospital dental facilities. | 2006 | 16621136 | |
| role for rpos but not rela of legionella pneumophila in modulation of phagosome biogenesis and adaptation to the phagosomal microenvironment. | the induction of virulence traits by legionella pneumophila at the post-exponential phase has been proposed to be triggered by the stringent response mediated by rela, which triggers rpos. we show that l. pneumophila rpos but not rela is required for early intracellular survival and replication within human monocyte-derived macrophages and acanthamoeba polyphaga. in addition, l. pneumophila rpos but not rela is required for expression of the pore-forming activity. we provide evidence that rpos p ... | 2006 | 16622243 |
| detection of legionella spp. by fluorescent in situ hybridization in dental unit waterlines. | to confirm the presence of viable legionella spp. in dental unit waterlines (duwl) using fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) and compare this method with culture approach and also to validate the utility of an enrichment to increase fish sensitivity. | 2006 | 16629996 |
| incidence and risk factors of bacterial pneumonia requiring hospitalization in hiv-infected patients started on a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. | to describe the incidence and risk factors of bacterial pneumonia occurring in patients treated with antiretrovirals. | 2006 | 16630039 |
| sensitive, real-time pcr detects low-levels of contamination by legionella pneumophila in commercial reagents. | in a real-time pcr assay of legionella pneumophila (targeting the l. pneumophila-specific mip gene and using sybr green dye for dna detection in conjunction with the icycler system) we detected as few as 1.3 copies of a mip gene in a 50-microl reaction from serially diluted l. pneumophila genomic dna. however, cycle threshold (c(t)) were yielded and dna product detected in our no-template negative controls and the phenomenon persisted when two separate batches of pcr reagents and water from two ... | 2006 | 16632318 |
| the world of biologics. | in march 2002 the national institute for health and clinical excellence (nice) published guidelines for the use of anti-tnf therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra). the guidelines recommended that all ra patients treated with these drugs should be enrolled on a national register which had been established by the british society for rheumatology (the bsrbr). a comparison cohort of ra patients treated with traditional disease modifying drugs (dmards) is also being recruited. the main r ... | 2006 | 16634363 |
| violent abdominal pain: severe legionella pneumophila lung infection with acute pancreatitis. | 2006 | 16635720 | |
| [a multicentre study on the pathogenic agents in 665 adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in cities of china]. | to investigate the pathogenic causes of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adult patients in china, the relation of previous antibiotic use and the pneumonia patient outcome research team (port) classification to microbial etiology, and the prevalence of drug resistance of common cap bacteria. | 2006 | 16638292 |
| the role of flushing dental water lines for the removal of microbial contaminants. | this study was designed to determine the role of flushing dental water lines for the removal of heterotrophic plate count bacteria, legionella spp., and free-living protozoa. | 2006 | 16640149 |
| characterization of the legionella anisa population structure by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | we analysed 38 french isolates of legionella anisa by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with single or double digestion. double digestion was more discriminatory than single digestion, and can thus be useful for epidemiological studies of l. anisa. several isolates from different parts of france clustered together on the basis of their pfge patterns (similarity cutoff of 80%), suggesting that the l. anisa population structure is homogenous or that a few clones of l. anisa strains ... | 2006 | 16640574 |
| sensitivity of three serum antibody tests in a large outbreak of legionnaires' disease in the netherlands. | in 1999, an outbreak involving 188 patients with legionnaires' disease (ld) occurred at a flower show in the netherlands. this large outbreak provided the opportunity to evaluate serum antibody tests to assay anti-legionella pneumophila, since limited data are available on the sensitivity of these tests. the sensitivities of an indirect serotype 1-6 immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), a rapid micro-agglutination test (rmat) igm serotype 1 antibody assay, and an elisa to detect igm and igg s ... | 2006 | 16585643 |
| detection and quantification of legionella pneumophila dna in serum: case reports and review of the literature. | legionella pneumonia can be difficult to diagnose. existing laboratory tests all have shortcomings, especially the ability to diagnose all legionella spp. at an early stage. detection of legionella dna in serum can be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of legionnaires' disease (ld). this report describes two patients with ld diagnosed by pcr using serum samples. in addition, quantification of l. pneumophila dna using real-time pcr during the course of illness was carried out. the results obtained ... | 2006 | 16585654 |
| legionella bacteria in aerosols: sampling and analytical approaches used during the legionnaires disease outbreak in pas-de-calais. | 2006 | 16586373 | |
| [pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of legionella infections]. | legionella species are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. about 50 years ago they entered the engineered (technical) environment, i.e. warm water systems with zones of stagnation. since that time they represent a hygienic problem. after transmission to humans via aerosols legionellae might cause legionella pneumonia (legionnaires' disease) or influenza-like respiratory infections (pontiac fever). epidemiological data suggest that legionella strains might differ substantially in their virulence ... | 2006 | 16596363 |
| simultaneous detection of pathogens in clinical samples from patients with community-acquired pneumonia by real-time pcr with pathogen-specific molecular beacon probes. | in this study, real-time pcr with pathogen-specific molecular beacons (mb) and primers was evaluated for prediction of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) causative agents, detecting six main cap agents, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, and streptococcus pyogenes, simultaneously. the pcr assay was evaluated for fresh clinical specimens from infants and children (n = 389) and from adults (n = 40). the mb prob ... | 2006 | 16597874 |
| biodiversity of amoebae and amoeba-resisting bacteria in a hospital water network. | free-living amoebae (fla) are ubiquitous organisms that have been isolated from various domestic water systems, such as cooling towers and hospital water networks. in addition to their own pathogenicity, fla can also act as trojan horses and be naturally infected with amoeba-resisting bacteria (arb) that may be involved in human infections, such as pneumonia. we investigated the biodiversity of bacteria and their amoebal hosts in a hospital water network. using amoebal enrichment on nonnutrient ... | 2006 | 16597941 |
| quantitative real-time legionella pcr for environmental water samples: data interpretation. | quantitative legionella pcrs targeting the 16s rrna gene (specific for the genus legionella) and the mip gene (specific for the species legionella pneumophila) were applied to a total of 223 hot water system samples (131 in one laboratory and 92 in another laboratory) and 37 cooling tower samples (all in the same laboratory). the pcr results were compared with those of conventional culture. 16s rrna gene pcr results were nonquantifiable for 2.8% of cooling tower samples and up to 39.1% of hot wa ... | 2006 | 16597985 |
| planktonic replication is essential for biofilm formation by legionella pneumophila in a complex medium under static and dynamic flow conditions. | legionella pneumophila persists for a long time in aquatic habitats, where the bacteria associate with biofilms and replicate within protozoan predators. while l. pneumophila serves as a paradigm for intracellular growth within protozoa, it is less clear whether the bacteria form or replicate within biofilms in the absence of protozoa. in this study, we analyzed surface adherence of and biofilm formation by l. pneumophila in a rich medium that supported axenic replication. biofilm formation by t ... | 2006 | 16597995 |
| development of conventional and real-time nasba for the detection of legionella species in respiratory specimens. | isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) was applied to detect legionella 16s rrna. the assay was originally developed as a legionella pneumophila conventional nasba assay with electrochemiluminescence (ecl) detection and was subsequently adapted to a l. pneumophila real-time nasba format and a legionella spp. real-time nasba using molecular beacons. l. pneumophila rna prepared from a plasmid construct was used to assess the analytical sensitivity of the assay. the sensitivit ... | 2006 | 16730822 |
| legionella pneumonia presenting with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure: a case report. | legionella pneumophila infection is a recognized but rare cause of rhabdomyolysis. while the mechanism of rhabdomyolysis associated with legionella is unknown, theories include direct invasion of legionella into the muscle itself, or the release of its endotoxin into the circulation with subsequent muscle injury. in this case report, we describe a case of legionella pneumonia presenting as altered mental status, high fever, and rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure. we review the epidemiology, ... | 2006 | 16740446 |
| cysteine metabolism in legionella pneumophila: characterization of an l-cystine-utilizing mutant. | growth of legionella pneumophila on buffered charcoal-yeast extract (bcye) medium is dependent on l-cysteine (but not l-cystine), which is added in excess over what is required for nutrition. we investigated the biochemical and genetic bases for this unusual requirement and determined that much of the l-cysteine in bcye medium is rapidly oxidized to l-cystine and is unavailable to the bacteria. analysis of cysteine consumption during bacterial growth indicated that of the 11% consumed, 3.85% (ap ... | 2006 | 16751507 |
| necrotrophic growth of legionella pneumophila. | this study examined whether legionella pneumophila is able to thrive on heat-killed microbial cells (necrotrophy) present in biofilms or heat-treated water systems. quantification by means of plate counting, real-time pcr, and flow cytometry demonstrated necrotrophic growth of l. pneumophila in water after 96 h, when at least 100 dead cells are available to one l. pneumophila cell. compared to the starting concentration of l. pneumophila, the maximum observed necrotrophic growth was 1.89 log uni ... | 2006 | 16751547 |
| evaluation of the duopath legionella lateral flow assay for identification of legionella pneumophila and legionella species culture isolates. | duopath legionella (merck kgaa, darmstadt, germany) is a new immunochromatographic assay for the simultaneous identification of cultured l. pneumophila and legionella species other than l. pneumophila. in tests of 89 l. pneumophila strains and 87 legionella strains other than l. pneumophila representing 41 different species, duopath and a widely used latex agglutination assay detected l. pneumophila with 100% and 98% accuracy, respectively, whereas the percentages differed significantly for othe ... | 2006 | 16751575 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in jordan. | to ascertain the causative organisms of community acquired pneumonia (cap) in jordanian patients requiring hospital admission. | 2006 | 16758041 |
| the role of viruses in the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. | the role of viruses in community-acquired pneumonia may have been previously underestimated. we aimed to study the incidence and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) due to respiratory viruses in adults adding pcr to routine conventional laboratory tests. | 2006 | 16759052 |
| efficient transformation of legionella pneumophila by high-voltage electroporation. | a simple and reproducible method has been developed to transform legionella pneumophila by electroporation. effects of different conditions, including electric field strength, pulse length, dna quality and cell density, were evaluated. using our method, an efficiency of up to 6 x 10(7) transformants/microg dna was obtained. this optimized transformation procedure should efficiently facilitate gene manipulations in l. pneumophila, such as plasmid transfer, transposon mutagenesis, library transfor ... | 2006 | 16765841 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in shanghai, china: microbial etiology and implications for empirical therapy in a prospective study of 389 patients. | the aim of this multicenter study was to identify the causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in shanghai, china, and to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. pathogens obtained from 389 patients with documented cap during 2001-2003 were identified by multiple diagnostic tools that included bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and specific immunological assays. susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was tested by the broth microdilution method ... | 2006 | 16767484 |
| a community outbreak of legionnaires' disease: evidence of a cooling tower as the source. | a community outbreak of legionella pneumonia in the district of cerdanyola, mataró (catalonia, spain) was investigated in an epidemiological, environmental and molecular study. each patient was interviewed to ascertain personal risk-factors and the clinical and epidemiological data. isolates of legionella from patients and water samples were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. between 7 august and 25 august 2002, 113 cases of legionella pneumonia fulfilling the outbreak case definition ... | 2006 | 16774560 |
| legionnaire's disease: a nosocomial outbreak in turkey. | six nosocomial cases of legionella pneumophila occurred over a two-week period, with one further case being diagnosed retrospectively after 30 days. strains isolated from the hospital water system were clonally related to a single sputum isolate. a sero-epidemiological investigation into legionella exposure amongst staff and inpatients was undertaken at the eight-year-old inonu university medical centre in turkey, which has 600 beds and central air conditioning. there is no disinfection programm ... | 2006 | 16198023 |
| analysis of the genetic diversity of legionella by sequencing the 23s-5s ribosomal intergenic spacer region: from phylogeny to direct identification of isolates at the species level from clinical specimens. | this study focuses on the interest of the hypervariable 23s-5s ribosomal intergenic spacer region (isr) of the genus legionella to analyze the phylogenic diversity of legionella at the species and subspecies levels and to identify isolates directly from clinical specimens. the method, using a real-time pcr assay with a single primer pair followed by sequencing, was able to identify correctly 49 reference strains of legionella belonging to 37 different species, including those implicated in human ... | 2006 | 16198139 |
| possible phosphate interference with copper-silver ionization for legionella control. | 2006 | 16214260 | |
| impact of rapid urine antigen tests to determine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. | to evaluate the rapid urine antigen tests, including a new rapid immunochromatographic test (ict) for the detection of the streptococcus pneumoniae antigen and an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of the legionella antigen, in order to improve the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adults. | 2006 | 16226441 |
| aetiological role of viral and bacterial infections in acute adult lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in primary care. | lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) are a common reason for consulting general practitioners (gps). in most cases the aetiology is unknown, yet most result in an antibiotic prescription. the aetiology of lrti was investigated in a prospective controlled study. | 2006 | 16227331 |
| legionella pneumophila pneumonia during pregnancy: a case report. | legionella pneumophila pneumonia during pregnancy can have serious consequences for the mother and lead to fetal distress. we report a case of l. pneumophila pneumonia in a pregnant woman at 31 weeks gestation. with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the outcome was favorable with delivery of a healthy infant at 40 weeks gestation. | 2006 | 16246423 |
| estimation of minimum infection rates with legionella pneumophila in an exposed population. | the distribution of antibody levels to legionella (l.) pneumophila (serotypes 1-7) was compared between subjects who worked near the source of a large outbreak of legionnaires' disease (n=668) and a population sample of comparable age (n=480). in a previous analysis of these data, it was estimated that 80% of those working near the source were infected with l. pneumophila. however, the estimation procedure implicitly assumes that the probability of infection does not depend on the antibody level ... | 2006 | 16238821 |
| a community-wide outbreak of legionnaires disease linked to industrial cooling towers--how far can contaminated aerosols spread? | a community-wide outbreak of legionnaires disease occurred in pas-de-calais, france, in november 2003-january 2004. eighteen (21%) of 86 laboratory-confirmed cases were fatal. a case-control study identified smoking, silicosis, and spending >100 min outdoors daily as risk factors for acquiring the disease. legionella pneumophila strain lens was isolated from cooling towers, wastewater, and air samples from plant a. this unique strain matched all 23 clinical isolates, as assessed by pulsed-field ... | 2006 | 16323138 |
| the influence of age and gender on the population-based incidence of community-acquired pneumonia caused by different microbial pathogens. | to determine the population-based incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adults and to assess the relative importance of age and gender on the incidence of infections caused by different microbial pathogens. | 2006 | 16375972 |
| legionella anisa, a possible indicator of water contamination by legionella pneumophila. | legionella anisa is one of the most frequent species of legionella other than legionella pneumophila in the environment and may be hospital acquired in rare cases. we found that l. anisa may mask water contamination by l. pneumophila, suggesting that there is a risk of l. pneumophila infection in immunocompromised patients if water is found to be contaminated with legionella species other than l. pneumophila. | 2006 | 16390948 |
| occurrence and genetic diversity of uncultured legionella spp. in drinking water treated at temperatures below 15 degrees c. | representatives of the genus legionella were detected by use of a real-time pcr method in all water samples collected directly after treatment from 16 surface water (sw) supplies prior to postdisinfection and from 81 groundwater (gw) supplies. legionella concentrations ranged from 1.1 x 10(3) to 7.8 x 10(5) cells liter(-1) and were significantly higher in sw treated with multiple barriers at 4 degrees c than in gw treated at 9 to 12 degrees c with aeration and filtration but without chemical dis ... | 2006 | 16391038 |
| introduction of monochloramine into a municipal water system: impact on colonization of buildings by legionella spp. | legionnaires' disease (ld) outbreaks are often traced to colonized potable water systems. we collected water samples from potable water systems of 96 buildings in pinellas county, florida, between january and april 2002, during a time when chlorine was the primary residual disinfectant, and from the same buildings between june and september 2002, immediately after monochloramine was introduced into the municipal water system. samples were cultured for legionellae and amoebae using standard metho ... | 2006 | 16391067 |
| deja vu all over again: rapid enumeration of legionella pneumophila in water. | 2006 | 16391150 | |
| legionella detection in oropharyngeal aspirates of transplant patients prior to surgery. | 2006 | 16402228 | |
| adaptation of legionella pneumophila to the host environment: role of protein secretion, effectors and eukaryotic-like proteins. | the intracellular pathogen legionella pneumophila has evolved sophisticated mechanisms that enable it to subvert host functions, enter, survive and replicate in amoebae or alveolar macrophages, and to finally evade these hosts. protozoa are essential for the growth of legionella and the interaction with amoeba seems to be the driving force in the evolution of its pathogenicity. this is reflected in the genome of this pathogen, which encodes a high number and variety of eukaryotic-like proteins t ... | 2006 | 16406773 |
| bacterial rna and small antiviral compounds activate caspase-1 through cryopyrin/nalp3. | missense mutations in the cias1 gene cause three autoinflammatory disorders: familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, muckle-wells syndrome and neonatal-onset multiple-system inflammatory disease. cryopyrin (also called nalp3), the product of cias1, is a member of the nod-lrr protein family that has been linked to the activation of intracellular host defence signalling pathways. cryopyrin forms a multi-protein complex termed 'the inflammasome', which contains the apoptosis-associated speck-like ... | 2006 | 16407888 |
| recognition of cytosolic dna activates an irf3-dependent innate immune response. | nucleic acid recognition upon viral infection triggers type i interferon production. viral rna is detected by both endosomal, tlr-dependent and cytosolic, rig-i/mda5-dependent pathways. tlr9 is the only known sensor of foreign dna; it is unknown whether innate immune recognition of dna exists in the cytosol. here we present evidence that cytosolic dna activates a potent type i interferon response to the invasive bacterium listeria monocytogenes. the noninvasive legionella pneumophila triggers an ... | 2006 | 16413926 |
| the legionella pneumophila global regulatory protein leta affects dota and mip. | several genes have been identified in legionella pneumophila which are necessary for its virulence properties. these genes include the dot/icm type iv secretion system (t4ss), mip and leta. genes of the dot/icm system, in particular dota, have been found to be essential for intracellular growth. the macrophage infectivity protein (mip) is also necessary for full virulence of the bacteria. although these genes are well characterized, the regulation of such virulence factors is not. the leta trans ... | 2006 | 16423685 |
| characterization of brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide macrodomains as mega rafts. | the lipopolysaccharides (lps) of intracellular proteobacteria such as brucella, chlamydia, legionella and rickettsia, have properties distinct from enterobacterial lpss. these properties include deficient lps induction of host cell activation, low endotoxicity and resistance to macrophage degradation. together these constitute key virulence mechanisms for intracellular survival and replication. we previously demonstrated that b. abortus lps captured by macrophages was recycled back to the plasma ... | 2006 | 16441431 |
| role of cannabinoid receptors in delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol suppression of il-12p40 in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells infected with legionella pneumophila. | delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) injection suppresses serum interleukin-12 (il-12) levels in legionella pneumophila-infected mice. dendritic cells are a major producer of il-12 and mouse, bone marrow-derived dendritic cell cultures produced high levels of the il-12p40 following l. pneumophila infection. treatment with thc suppressed this cytokine response in a concentration-dependent manner and the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyolglycerol, less potently suppressed cytokine production. dendriti ... | 2006 | 16443217 |
| the birc1e cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor contributes to the detection and control of legionella pneumophila infection. | baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 1 (birc1) proteins have homology to several germline-encoded receptors of the innate immune system. however, their function in immune surveillance is not clear. here we describe a birc1e-dependent signaling pathway that restricted replication of the intracellular pathogen legionella pneumophila in mouse macrophages. translocation of bacterial products into host-cell cytosol was essential for birc1e-mediated control of bacterial replication. ca ... | 2006 | 16444259 |
| function and mechanism of action of dictyostelium nramp1 (slc11a1) in bacterial infection. | dictyostelium amoebae are professional phagocytes, which ingest bacteria as the principal source of food. we have cloned the dictyostelium homologue of human natural resistance-associated membrane protein 1 (nramp1) [solute carrier family 11 member 1 (slc11a1)], an endo-lysosomal membrane protein that confers on macrophages resistance to infection by a variety of intracellular bacteria and protozoa. the dictyostelium nramp1 gene encodes a protein of 53 kda with 11 putative transmembrane domains. ... | 2006 | 16445684 |
| genetic diversity of legionella pneumophila inferred from rpob and dota sequences. | this study characterised the population structure of legionella pneumophila by comparing the rpob (300-bp) and dota (360-bp) sequences of 267 isolates (18 reference strains, 149 korean isolates and 100 japanese isolates). in addition to the six clonal subgroups established previously, four subgroups, p-v to p-viii, were identified. subgroupings based on rpob and dota sequences were found to correlate with the source of the isolates, and this data may be useful for future epidemiological studies. ... | 2006 | 16451413 |
| the global regulatory proteins leta and rpos control phospholipase a, lysophospholipase a, acyltransferase, and other hydrolytic activities of legionella pneumophila jr32. | legionella pneumophila possesses a variety of secreted and cell-associated hydrolytic activities that could be involved in pathogenesis. the activities include phospholipase a, lysophospholipase a, glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase, lipase, protease, phosphatase, rnase, and p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine (p-nppc) hydrolase. up to now, there have been no data available on the regulation of the enzymes in l. pneumophila and no data at all concerning the regulation of bacterial phosph ... | 2006 | 16452402 |
| lbta and lbtb are required for production of the legionella pneumophila siderophore legiobactin. | under iron stress, legionella pneumophila secretes legiobactin, a nonclassical siderophore that is reactive in the chrome azurol s (cas) assay. here, we have optimized conditions for legiobactin expression, shown its biological activity, and identified two genes, lbta and lbtb, which are involved in legiobactin production. lbta appears to be iron repressed and encodes a protein that has significant homology with siderophore synthetases, and frga, a previously described iron-regulated protein of ... | 2006 | 16452417 |
| clinical and environmental distribution of legionella pneumophila in a university hospital in italy: efficacy of ultraviolet disinfection. | the molecular epidemiology of legionella pneumophila in the 'v. monaldi' university hospital was studied. seven cases of nosocomial legionnaires' disease were diagnosed between 1999 and 2003. two clinical legionella strains obtained from two patients in the adult cardiac surgery unit (csu) and 30 environmental legionella strains from the paediatric and adult csus, neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) and the cardiorespiratory intensive care unit (cr-icu) were serotyped and genotyped. l. pneumophi ... | 2006 | 16455159 |
| temperature-regulated formation of mycelial mat-like biofilms by legionella pneumophila. | fifty strains representing 38 species of the genus legionella were examined for biofilm formation on glass, polystyrene, and polypropylene surfaces in static cultures at 25 degrees c, 37 degrees c, and 42 degrees c. strains of legionella pneumophila, the most common causative agent of legionnaires' disease, were found to have the highest ability to form biofilms among the test strains. the quantity, rate of formation, and adherence stability of l. pneumophila biofilms showed considerable depende ... | 2006 | 16461717 |
| [infectious disease]. | several articles published in 2005 offer new knowledge in infectious diseases treated by practitioners. this paper discusses viral (influenza) and bacterial (pneumococci and legionella) respiratory infections. resistant staphylococci, different from healthcare-associated mrsa, are now found in community. the article assesses that epidemics of norovirus infections are common during winter time. the screening for treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is not recommended. the possible development of ... | 2006 | 16465942 |
| differential inductions of tnf-alpha and igtp, iigp by structurally diverse classic and non-classic lipopolysaccharides. | the innate immune system recognizes microbes by characteristic molecules like the gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (lps). lipid a (the lps bioactive moiety) signals through toll-like receptors (tlrs) to induce pro-inflammatory molecules and small gtpases of the p47 family involved in intracellular pathogen control. we tested tnf-alpha and p47-gtpase induction in macrophages using classical lpss [lipid as with glucosamine backbones, ester- and amide-linked c14:0(3-oh) and c12 to c16 in acyloxyacy ... | 2006 | 16469053 |
| dictyostelium transcriptional host cell response upon infection with legionella. | differential gene expression of dictyostelium discoideum after infection with legionella pneumophila was investigated using dna microarrays. investigation of a 48 h time course of infection revealed several clusters of co-regulated genes, an enrichment of preferentially up- or downregulated genes in distinct functional categories and also showed that most of the transcriptional changes occurred 24 h after infection. a detailed analysis of the 24 h time point post infection was performed in compa ... | 2006 | 16469056 |
| [prevalence of legionella in cooling towers in the community of madrid]. | 2006 | 16469281 | |
| characterization and functional investigation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the human tlr5 gene. | toll-like receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and tlr5 is the pathogen recognition receptor (prr) for bacterial flagellin. patients carrying a r392 stop polymorphism display an inflammatory phenotype and increased susceptibility to pneumonia caused by the flagellated bacteria legionella pneumophila. while this suggests that tlr5 mutations may be clinically relevant, functional data are not available for the majority of the other tlr5 polymorphisms. we have characte ... | 2006 | 16470719 |
| induction of apoptosis by legionella pneumophila in mammalian cells requires the mitochondrial pathway for caspase activation. | legionella pneumophila, the agent of human legionnaire's disease is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. during infection, the bacteria invade human cells and replicate intracellularly. l. pneumophila can induce apoptosis in human myeloid and epitheloid cells and this may contribute to the development of pathology and disease. however, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction is still uncertain. here we investigate this process. legionella efficiently induced apoptosis in myeloid cells, ... | 2006 | 16476563 |
| differences in protein synthesis between wild type and intracellular growth-deficient strains of legionella pneumophila in u937 and acanthamoeba polyphaga. | an important aspect of legionnaires' disease is the growth of the causative agent, legionella pneumophila, within infected host cells. many proteins including stress proteins of l. pneumophila were strongly induced in a wild type strain that had been used to infect u937 human macrophage-like cells. in contrast, the expression of the proteins was much weaker within a protozoan host, acanthamoeba polyphaga. the results suggested that active bacterial protein synthesis is required more within macro ... | 2006 | 16488572 |
| outbreak of legionnaires' disease on a cruise ship linked to spa-bath filter stones contaminated with legionella pneumophila serogroup 5. | in january 2003, two cases of legionnaires' disease associated with a ship's cruise were registered in the database of national epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases. a 70-year-old male heavy smoker with mild emphysema contracted the disease during a cruise. legionella pneumophila serogroup (sg) 5 was isolated from the patient's sputum and the ship's indoor spa. the isolate from the spa matched the patient's isolate by genotyping performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) ... | 2006 | 16490144 |
| the group b streptococcal sialic acid o-acetyltransferase is encoded by neud, a conserved component of bacterial sialic acid biosynthetic gene clusters. | nearly two dozen microbial pathogens have surface polysaccharides or lipo-oligosaccharides that contain sialic acid (sia), and several sia-dependent virulence mechanisms are known to enhance bacterial survival or result in host tissue injury. some pathogens are also known to o-acetylate their sias, although the role of this modification in pathogenesis remains unclear. we report that neud, a gene located within the group b streptococcus (gbs) sia biosynthetic gene cluster, encodes a sia o-acetyl ... | 2006 | 16490781 |
| ameba-associated microorganisms and diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. | to elucidate the role of ameba-associated microorganisms (aams) as etiologic agents of pneumonia, we screened for legionella spp., parachlamydia acanthamoeba, afipia sp., bosea spp., bradyrhizobium spp., mesorhizobium amorphae, rasbo bacterium, azorhizobium caulinodans, acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus, and conventional microorganisms in 210 pneumonia patients in intensive-care units by using culture, polymerase chain reaction, and serologic testing. these resulted in 59 diagnoses in 40 patients ... | 2006 | 16494750 |
| identification of legionella pneumophila-specific genes by genomic subtractive hybridization with legionella micdadei and identification of lpne, a gene required for efficient host cell entry. | legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous environmental organism and a facultative intracellular pathogen of humans. to identify genes that may contribute to the virulence of l. pneumophila, we performed genomic subtractive hybridization between l. pneumophila serogroup 1 strain 02/41 and l. micdadei strain 02/42. a total of 144 l. pneumophila-specific clones were sequenced, revealing 151 genes that were absent in l. micdadei strain 02/42. low-stringency southern hybridization was used to determine ... | 2006 | 16495539 |
| renal failure associated with legionella pneumophila infection. | 2006 | 16498921 | |
| brainstem involvement in legionnaires' disease. | to report a case of legionella pneumonia with unusual neurologic involvement. | 2006 | 16501905 |
| a study of legionella pneumophilia in tianjin, china. | legionella is a bacterium identified as the causative agent of legionnaires' disease commonly found in water and soil in natural environments and human habitats. while most studies are focused on cooling tower water as the source of infection, few studies have compared legionella from cooling-tower water and water in man-made environments. this cross-sectional study with a randomized cluster sampling design aims to provide information on legionella found in cooling-tower water and water in man-m ... | 2006 | 16507477 |
| crystallization of a newly discovered histidine acid phosphatase from francisella tularensis. | francisella tularensis is a highly infectious bacterial pathogen that is considered by the centers for disease control and prevention to be a potential bioterrorism weapon. here, the crystallization of a 37.2 kda phosphatase encoded by the genome of f. tularensis subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain is reported. this enzyme shares 41% amino-acid sequence identity with legionella pneumophila major acid phosphatase and contains the rhgxrxp motif that is characteristic of the histidine acid phosph ... | 2006 | 16511256 |
| successful treatment of legionella maceachernii pneumonia after diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction and culture. | 2006 | 16511781 | |
| disinfection of legionella pneumophila by ultrasonic treatment with tio2. | an ultrasonic treatment system, using a tio2 photocatalyst, was used to disinfect legionella pneumophila. a kinetic study of the process indicates that tio2 significantly improves the disinfection process. the concentrations of viable cells were reduced to 6% of the initial concentrations in the presence of 0.2g/ml tio2 after a 30 min of treatment period, while only an 18% reduction was observed in the absence of tio2 . the potency of the disinfection could be enhanced, to some extent, by increa ... | 2006 | 16515803 |
| effective proliferation of low level legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 cells using coculture procedure with acanthamoeba castellanii. | the multiplications of low level legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 cells by the coculture procedure with acanthamoeba castellanii were tested in five strains. the cells in all strains proliferated effectively for isolating. this procedure might be a useful means of improving the successful isolation from environmental and clinical specimens of low level legionella cells, and pursuing the source of infection. | 2006 | 16516315 |