Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| comprehensive analysis suggests overlapping expression of rice onac transcription factors in abiotic and biotic stress responses. | nac (nam/ataf/cuc) transcription factors comprise a large plant-specific gene family that contains more than 149 members in rice. extensive studies have revealed that nac transcription factors not only play important roles in plant growth and development, but also have functions in regulation of responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. however, biological functions for most of the members in the nac family remain unknown. in this study, microarray data analyses revealed that a total of 63 onac ... | 2015 | 25690040 |
| a tale of transposition: tn3-like transposons play a major role in the spread of pathogenicity determinants of xanthomonas citri and other xanthomonads. | members of the genus xanthomonas are among the most important phytopathogens. a key feature of xanthomonas pathogenesis is the translocation of type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector proteins (t3ses) into the plant target cells via a t3ss. several t3ses and a murein lytic transglycosylase gene (mlt, required for citrus canker symptoms) are found associated with three transposition-related genes in xanthomonas citri plasmid pxac64. these are flanked by short inverted repeats (irs). the region ... | 2015 | 25691597 |
| retromer contributes to immunity-associated cell death in arabidopsis. | membrane trafficking is required during plant immune responses, but its contribution to the hypersensitive response (hr), a form of programmed cell death (pcd) associated with effector-triggered immunity, is not well understood. hr is induced by nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (nb-lrr) immune receptors and can involve vacuole-mediated processes, including autophagy. we previously isolated lazarus (laz) suppressors of autoimmunity-triggered pcd in the arabidopsis thaliana mutant accelerate ... | 2015 | 25681156 |
| the f-box protein max2 contributes to resistance to bacterial phytopathogens in arabidopsis thaliana. | the arabidopsis thaliana f-box protein more axillary growth2 (max2) has previously been characterized for its role in plant development. max2 appears essential for the perception of the newly characterized phytohormone strigolactone, a negative regulator of polar auxin transport in arabidopsis. | 2015 | 25849639 |
| the e3 ligase ospub15 interacts with the receptor-like kinase pid2 and regulates plant cell death and innate immunity. | rice blast disease is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. we previously cloned the rice blast resistance gene pid2, which encodes a transmembrane receptor-like kinase containing an extracellular b-lectin domain and an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain. however, little is known about pid2-mediated signaling. | 2015 | 25849162 |
| long-chain bases, phosphatidic acid, mapks, and reactive oxygen species as nodal signal transducers in stress responses in arabidopsis. | due to their sessile condition, plants have developed sensitive, fast, and effective ways to contend with environmental changes. these mechanisms operate as informational wires conforming extensive and intricate networks that are connected in several points. the responses are designed as pathways orchestrated by molecules that are transducers of protein and non-protein nature. their chemical nature imposes selective features such as specificity, formation rate, and generation site to the informa ... | 2015 | 25763001 |
| structural analysis of a specialized type iii secretion system peptidoglycan-cleaving enzyme. | the gram-negative bacterium enteropathogenic escherichia coli uses a syringe-like type iii secretion system (t3ss) to inject virulence or "effector" proteins into the cytoplasm of host intestinal epithelial cells. to assemble, the t3ss must traverse both bacterial membranes, as well as the peptidoglycan layer. peptidoglycan is made of repeating n-acetylmuramic acid and n-acetylglucosamine disaccharides cross-linked by pentapeptides to form a tight mesh barrier. assembly of many macromolecular ma ... | 2015 | 25678709 |
| development of an immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. | a rapid, simple, sensitive, and specific immunochromatographic test strip was developed for the detection of pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (pss) in corn seed which was soaked overnight and then centrifuged for precipitate re-dissolved as samples. a pair of sensitive monoclonal antibodies for the immunochromatographic test strip was generated by mice immunization and cell fusion. under optimized conditions, the lower detection limit of the strips for pss was 1 × 10(5) cfu/ml both in 0.01 m p ... | 2015 | 25686315 |
| histone chaperones in arabidopsis and rice: genome-wide identification, phylogeny, architecture and transcriptional regulation. | histone chaperones modulate chromatin architecture and hence play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. in contrast to their animal and yeast counterparts, not much is known about plant histone chaperones. to gain insights into their functions in plants, we sought to identify histone chaperones from two model plant species and investigated their phylogeny, domain architecture and transcriptional profiles to establish correlation between their expression patterns and potenti ... | 2015 | 25849155 |
| the physcomitrella patens unique alpha-dioxygenase participates in both developmental processes and defense responses. | plant α-dioxygenases catalyze the incorporation of molecular oxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids leading to the formation of oxylipins. in flowering plants, two main groups of α-doxs have been described. while the α-dox1 isoforms are mainly involved in defense responses against microbial infection and herbivores, the α-dox2 isoforms are mostly related to development. to gain insight into the roles played by these enzymes during land plant evolution, we performed biochemical, genetic and mole ... | 2015 | 25848849 |
| downy mildew disease promotes the colonization of romaine lettuce by escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica. | downy mildew, a plant disease caused by the oomycete bremia lactucae, is endemic in many lettuce-growing regions of the world. invasion by plant pathogens may create new portals and opportunities for microbial colonization of plants. the occurrence of outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157) and salmonella enterica typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infections linked to lettuce prompted us to investigate the role of downy mildew in the colonization of romaine lettuce by these human pathogens und ... | 2015 | 25648408 |
| key players of singlet oxygen-induced cell death in plants. | the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is an unavoidable consequence of oxygenic photosynthesis. singlet oxygen ((1)o2) is a highly reactive species to which has been attributed a major destructive role during the execution of ros-induced cell death in photosynthetic tissues exposed to excess light. the study of the specific biological activity of (1)o2 in plants has been hindered by its high reactivity and short lifetime, the concurrent production of other ros under photooxidative stre ... | 2015 | 25699067 |
| expanding the enzyme universe: accessing non-natural reactions by mechanism-guided directed evolution. | high selectivity and exquisite control over the outcome of reactions entice chemists to use biocatalysts in organic synthesis. however, many useful reactions are not accessible because they are not in nature's known repertoire. in this review, we outline an evolutionary approach to engineering enzymes to catalyze reactions not found in nature. we begin with examples of how nature has discovered new catalytic functions and how such evolutionary progression has been recapitulated in the laboratory ... | 2015 | 25649694 |
| arabidopsis hfr1 is a potential nuclear substrate regulated by the xanthomonas type iii effector xopd(xcc8004). | xopdxcc8004, a type iii effector of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) 8004, is considered a shorter version of the xopd, which lacks the n-terminal domain. to understand the functions of xopdxcc8004, in planta, a transgenic approach combined with inducible promoter to analyze the effects of xopdxcc8004 in arabidopsis was done. here, the expression of xopdxcc8004, in arabidopsis elicited the accumulation of host defense-response genes. these molecular changes were dependent on salicylic ... | 2015 | 25647296 |
| brassica napus l. cultivars show a broad variability in their morphology, physiology and metabolite levels in response to sulfur limitations and to pathogen attack. | under adequate sulfur supply, plants accumulate sulfate in the vacuoles and use sulfur-containing metabolites as storage compounds. under sulfur-limiting conditions, these pools of stored sulfur-compounds are depleted in order to balance the nitrogen to sulfur ratio for protein synthesis. stress conditions like sulfur limitation and/or pathogen attack induce changes in the sulfate pool and the levels of sulfur-containing metabolites, which often depend on the ecotypes or cultivars. we are intere ... | 2015 | 25699060 |
| stress-induced endogenous sirnas targeting regulatory intron sequences in brachypodium. | exposure to abiotic stresses triggers global changes in the expression of thousands of eukaryotic genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. small rna (smrna) pathways and splicing both function as crucial mechanisms regulating stress-responsive gene expression. however, examples of smrnas regulating gene expression remain largely limited to effects on mrna stability, translation, and epigenetic regulation. also, our understanding of the networks controlling plant gene express ... | 2015 | 25480817 |
| jasmonates elicit different sets of stilbenes in vitis vinifera cv. negramaro cell cultures. | the plant phenol trans-resveratrol, which is mainly found in grape, displays a wide range of biological effects. a cell suspension culture was developed from calli of grape leaves of vitis vinifera cv. negramaro in order to study the bioproduction of resveratrol. the effects of a number of secondary plant metabolism elicitors, namely chitosan, methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, coronatine, and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, were tested on this cell suspension culture. the identification and quantificat ... | 2015 | 25674504 |
| functional analysis of plant defense suppression and activation by the xanthomonas core type iii effector xopx. | many phytopathogenic type iii secretion effector proteins (t3es) have been shown to target and suppress plant immune signaling but perturbation of the plant immune system by t3es can also elicit a plant response. xopx is a "core" xanthomonas t3e that contributes to growth and symptom development during xanthomonas euvesicatoria infection of tomato but its functional role is undefined. we tested the effect of xopx on several aspects of plant immune signaling. xopx promoted ethylene production and ... | 2015 | 25338145 |
| infection of ustilaginoidea virens intercepts rice seed formation but activates grain-filling-related genes. | rice false smut has become an increasingly serious disease in rice (oryza sativa l.) production worldwide. the typical feature of this disease is that the fungal pathogen ustilaginoidea virens (uv) specifically infects rice flower and forms false smut ball, the ustiloxin-containing ball-like fungal colony, of which the size is usually several times larger than that of a mature rice seed. however, the underlying mechanisms of uv-rice interaction are poorly understood. here, we applied time-course ... | 2015 | 25319482 |
| functional diversity of jasmonates in rice. | phytohormone jasmonates (ja) play essential roles in plants, such as regulating development and growth, responding to environmental changes, and resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. during signaling, ja interacts, either synergistically or antagonistically, with other hormones, such as salicylic acid (sa), gibberellin (ga), ethylene (et), auxin, brassinosteroid (br), and abscisic acid (aba), to regulate gene expression in regulatory networks, conferring physiological and metabolic adjustments ... | 2015 | 26054241 |
| sequence-specific cleavage of dsrna by mini-iii rnase. | ribonucleases (rnases) play a critical role in rna processing and degradation by hydrolyzing phosphodiester bonds (exo- or endonucleolytically). many rnases that cut rna internally exhibit substrate specificity, but their target sites are usually limited to one or a few specific nucleotides in single-stranded rna and often in a context of a particular three-dimensional structure of the substrate. thus far, no rnase counterparts of restriction enzymes have been identified which could cleave doubl ... | 2015 | 25634891 |
| perturbation of maize phenylpropanoid metabolism by an avre family type iii effector from pantoea stewartii. | avre family type iii effector proteins share the ability to suppress host defenses, induce disease-associated cell death, and promote bacterial growth. however, despite widespread contributions to numerous bacterial diseases in agriculturally important plants, the mode of action of these effectors remains largely unknown. wtse is an avre family member required for the ability of pantoea stewartii ssp. stewartii (pnss) to proliferate efficiently and cause wilt and leaf blight symptoms in maize (z ... | 2015 | 25635112 |
| recruitment of plant u-box13 and the pi4kβ1/β2 phosphatidylinositol-4 kinases by the small gtpase raba4b plays important roles during salicylic acid-mediated plant defense signaling in arabidopsis. | protection against microbial pathogens involves the activation of cellular immune responses in eukaryotes, and this cellular immunity likely involves changes in subcellular membrane trafficking. in eukaryotes, members of the rab gtpase family of small monomeric regulatory gtpases play prominent roles in the regulation of membrane trafficking. we previously showed that raba4b is recruited to vesicles that emerge from trans-golgi network (tgn) compartments and regulates polarized membrane traffick ... | 2015 | 25634989 |
| ptrwrky73, a salicylic acid-inducible poplar wrky transcription factor, is involved in disease resistance in arabidopsis thaliana. | a salicylic acid-inducible wrky gene, ptrwrky73, from populus trichocarpa , was isolated and characterized. overexpression of ptrwrky73 in arabidopsis thaliana increased resistance to biotrophic pathogens but reduced resistance against necrotrophic pathogens. wrky transcription factors are commonly involved in plant defense responses. however, limited information is available about the roles of the wrky genes in poplar defense. in this study, we isolated a salicylic acid (sa)-inducible wrky gene ... | 2015 | 25627252 |
| the search for therapeutic bacteriophages uncovers one new subfamily and two new genera of pseudomonas-infecting myoviridae. | in a previous study, six virulent bacteriophages pak_p1, pak_p2, pak_p3, pak_p4, pak_p5 and cha_p1 were evaluated for their in vivo efficacy in treating pseudomonas aeruginosa infections using a mouse model of lung infection. here, we show that their genomes are closely related to five other pseudomonas phages and allow a subdivision into two clades, pak_p1-like and kpp10-like viruses, based on differences in genome size, %gc and genomic contents, as well as number of trnas. these two clades are ... | 2015 | 25629728 |
| the relevance of nanoscale biological fragments for ice nucleation in clouds. | most studies of the role of biological entities as atmospheric ice-nucleating particles have focused on relatively rare supermicron particles such as bacterial cells, fungal spores and pollen grains. however, it is not clear that there are sufficient numbers of these particles in the atmosphere to strongly influence clouds. here we show that the ice-nucleating activity of a fungus from the ubiquitous genus fusarium is related to the presence of nanometre-scale particles which are far more numero ... | 2015 | 25626414 |
| stereoselective syntheses of α,β-unsaturated γ-amino esters through phosphine-catalyzed γ-umpolung additions of sulfonamides to γ-substituted allenoates. | α,β-unsaturated γ-amino esters can be synthesized efficiently and stereoselectively through phosphine-catalyzed γ-umpolung additions of sulfonamides to γ-substituted allenoates. the structures of the sulfonamide and γ-substituted allenoate partners can be varied to achieve a range of α,β-unsaturated γ-amino esters with potentially interesting chemical and biological properties. | 2015 | 26041942 |
| hydrolysis of phytate and formation of inositol phosphate isomers without or with supplemented phytases in different segments of the digestive tract of broilers. | the objective was to characterise degradation of myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (insp6) and formation of inositol phosphate (insp) isomers in different segments of the broiler digestive tract. influence of an aspergillus niger (phya) and two escherichia coli-derived (phye1 and phye2) phytases was also investigated. a total of 600 16-d-old broilers were allocated to forty floor pens (ten pens per treatment). low-p (5·2 g/kg dm) maize-soyabean meal-based diets were fed wit ... | 2015 | 26090091 |
| imposed glutathione-mediated redox switch modulates the tobacco wound-induced protein kinase and salicylic acid-induced protein kinase activation state and impacts on defence against pseudomonas syringae. | the role of the redox-active tripeptide glutathione in plant defence against pathogens has been studied extensively; however, the impact of changes in cellular glutathione redox potential on signalling processes during defence reactions has remained elusive. this study explored the impact of elevated glutathione content on the cytosolic redox potential and on early defence signalling at the level of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), as well as on subsequent defence reactions, including ... | 2015 | 25628332 |
| a truncated nlr protein, tir-nbs2, is required for activated defense responses in the exo70b1 mutant. | during exocytosis, the evolutionarily conserved exocyst complex tethers golgi-derived vesicles to the target plasma membrane, a critical function for secretory pathways. here we show that exo70b1 loss-of-function mutants express activated defense responses upon infection and express enhanced resistance to fungal, oomycete and bacterial pathogens. in a screen for mutants that suppress exo70b1 resistance, we identified nine alleles of tir-nbs2 (tn2), suggesting that loss-of-function of exo70b1 lea ... | 2015 | 25617755 |
| regulation of oncogene expression in t-dna-transformed host plant cells. | virulent agrobacterium tumefaciens strains integrate their t-dna into the plant genome where the encoded agrobacterial oncogenes are expressed and cause crown gall disease. essential for crown gall development are iaah (indole-3-acetamide hydrolase), iaam (tryptophan monooxygenase) and ipt (isopentenyl transferase), which encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of auxin (iaah, iaam) and cytokinin (ipt). although these oncogenes are well studied as the tumor-inducing principle, nothing is known about ... | 2015 | 25615824 |
| revealing shared and distinct gene network organization in arabidopsis immune responses by integrative analysis. | pattern-triggered immunity (pti) and effector-triggered immunity (eti) are two main plant immune responses to counter pathogen invasion. genome-wide gene network organizing principles leading to quantitative differences between pti and eti have remained elusive. we combined an advanced machine learning method and modular network analysis to systematically characterize the organizing principles of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) pti and eti at three network resolutions. at the single network n ... | 2015 | 25614062 |
| redundancy and metabolic function of the glutamine synthetase gene family in poplar. | glutamine synthetase (gs; ec: 6.3.1.2, l-glutamate: ammonia ligase adp-forming) is a key enzyme in ammonium assimilation and metabolism in higher plants. in poplar, the gs family is organized in 4 groups of duplicated genes, 3 of which code for cytosolic gs isoforms (gs1.1, gs1.2 and gs1.3) and one group that codes for the choroplastic gs isoform (gs2). our previous work suggested that gs duplicates may have been retained to increase the amount of enzyme in a particular cell type. | 2015 | 25608602 |
| evaluation of methods to purify virus-like particles for metagenomic sequencing of intestinal viromes. | viruses are a significant component of the intestinal microbiota in mammals. in recent years, advances in sequencing technologies and data analysis techniques have enabled detailed metagenomic studies investigating intestinal viromes (collections of bacteriophage and eukaryotic viral nucleic acids) and their potential contributions to the ecology of the microbiota. an important component of virome studies is the isolation and purification of virus-like particles (vlps) from intestinal contents o ... | 2015 | 25608871 |
| the arabidopsis transcription factor brassinosteroid insensitive1-ethyl methanesulfonate-suppressor1 is a direct substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinase6 and regulates immunity. | pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors to activate pamp-triggered immunity (pti). mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), as well as other cytoplasmic kinases, integrate upstream immune signals and, in turn, dissect pti signaling via different substrates to regulate defense responses. however, only a few direct substrates of these signaling kinases have been identified. here, we show that pamp perception enhances phosphorylation of ... | 2015 | 25609555 |
| abscisic acid negatively interferes with basal defence of barley against magnaporthe oryzae. | plant hormones are well known regulators which balance plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. we investigated the role of abscisic acid (aba) in resistance of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) against the plant pathogenic fungus magnaporthe oryzae. | 2015 | 25604965 |
| the mrna decay factor pat1 functions in a pathway including map kinase 4 and immune receptor summ2. | multi-layered defense responses are activated in plants upon recognition of invading pathogens. transmembrane receptors recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and activate map kinase cascades, which regulate changes in gene expression to produce appropriate immune responses. for example, arabidopsis map kinase 4 (mpk4) regulates the expression of a subset of defense genes via at least one wrky transcription factor. we report here that mpk4 is found in complexes in viv ... | 2015 | 25603932 |
| targeting virulence not viability in the search for future antibacterials. | new antibacterials need new approaches to overcome the problem of rapid antibiotic resistance. here we review the development of potential new antibacterial drugs that do not kill bacteria or inhibit their growth, but combat disease instead by targeting bacterial virulence. | 2015 | 24552512 |
| innovations in air sampling to detect plant pathogens. | many innovations in the development and use of air sampling devices have occurred in plant pathology since the first description of the hirst spore trap. these include improvements in capture efficiency at relatively high air-volume collection rates, methods to enhance the ease of sample processing with downstream diagnostic methods and even full automation of sampling, diagnosis and wireless reporting of results. other innovations have been to mount air samplers on mobile platforms such as uavs ... | 2015 | 25745191 |
| characterization of mirnas associated with botrytis cinerea infection of tomato leaves. | botrytis cinerea pers. fr. is an important pathogen causing stem rot in tomatoes grown indoors for extended periods. micrornas (mirnas) have been reported as gene expression regulators related to several stress responses and b. cinerea infection in tomato. however, the function of mirnas in the resistance to b. cinerea remains unclear. | 2015 | 25592487 |
| hessian fly larval feeding triggers enhanced polyamine levels in susceptible but not resistant wheat. | hessian fly (mayetiola destructor), a member of the gall midge family, is one of the most destructive pests of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. probing of wheat plants by the larvae results in either an incompatible (avirulent larvae, resistant plant) or a compatible (virulent larvae, susceptible plant) interaction. virulent larvae induce the formation of a nutritive tissue, resembling the inside surface of a gall, in susceptible wheat. these nutritive cells are a rich source of proteins and ... | 2015 | 25592131 |
| membrane-localized extra-large g proteins and gbg of the heterotrimeric g proteins form functional complexes engaged in plant immunity in arabidopsis. | in animals, heterotrimeric g proteins, comprising ga, gb, and gg subunits, are molecular switches whose function tightly depends on ga and gbg interaction. intriguingly, in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), multiple defense responses involve gbg, but not ga. we report here that the gbg dimer directly partners with extra-large g proteins (xlgs) to mediate plant immunity. arabidopsis mutants deficient in xlgs, gb, and gg are similarly compromised in several pathogen defense responses, including ... | 2015 | 25588736 |
| pseudomonas strains naturally associated with potato plants produce volatiles with high potential for inhibition of phytophthora infestans. | bacteria emit volatile organic compounds with a wide range of effects on bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. the antifungal potential of bacterial volatiles has been investigated with a broad span of phytopathogenic organisms, yet the reaction of oomycetes to these volatile signals is largely unknown. for instance, the response of the late blight-causing agent and most devastating oomycete pathogen worldwide, phytophthora infestans, to bacterial volatiles has not been assessed so far. in this ... | 2015 | 25398872 |
| protein poly(adp-ribosyl)ation regulates arabidopsis immune gene expression and defense responses. | perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) elicits transcriptional reprogramming in hosts and activates defense to pathogen attacks. the molecular mechanisms underlying plant pattern-triggered immunity remain elusive. a genetic screen identified arabidopsis poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase 1 (atparg1) mutant with elevated immune gene expression upon multiple mamp and pathogen treatments. poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase (parg) is predicted to remove poly(adp-ribose) polymers on ac ... | 2015 | 25569773 |
| genome-wide characterization of mirnas involved in n gene-mediated immunity in response to tobacco mosaic virus in nicotiana benthamiana. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of endogenous small rnas (srnas) that play pivotal roles in plant development, abiotic stress response, and pathogen response. mirnas have been extensively studied in plants, but rarely in nicotiana benthamiana, despite its wide use in plant virology studies, particularly for studying n protein-tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) interactions. we report an efficient method using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics to identify genome-wide mirnas in n. benthamiana. ... | 2015 | 25673968 |
| yeast cell wall extract induces disease resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens in arabidopsis thaliana and brassica crop. | housaku monogatari (hm) is a plant activator prepared from a yeast cell wall extract. we examined the efficacy of hm application and observed that hm treatment increased the resistance of arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa leaves to bacterial and fungal infections. hm reduced the severity of bacterial leaf spot and anthracnose on a. thaliana and brassica crop leaves with protective effects. in addition, gene expression analysis of a. thaliana plants after treatment with hm indicated increase ... | 2015 | 25565273 |
| towards synthetic biological approaches to resource utilization on space missions. | this paper demonstrates the significant utility of deploying non-traditional biological techniques to harness available volatiles and waste resources on manned missions to explore the moon and mars. compared with anticipated non-biological approaches, it is determined that for 916 day martian missions: 205 days of high-quality methane and oxygen mars bioproduction with methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum can reduce the mass of a martian fuel-manufacture plant by 56%; 496 days of biomass generat ... | 2015 | 25376875 |
| proteome biomarkers in xylem reveal pierce's disease tolerance in grape. | pierce's disease (pd) is a significant threat to grape cultivation and industry. the disease caused by bacterium xylella fastidiosa clogs xylem vessels resulting in wilting of the plant. pd-tolerant grape genotypes are believed to produce certain novel components in xylem tissue that help them to combat invading pathogens. research has been aimed at characterizing the uniquely expressed xylem proteins by pd-tolerant genotypes. the objectives were to i) compare and characterize vitis xylem protei ... | 2015 | 27019567 |
| molecular variation and horizontal gene transfer of the homocysteine methyltransferase gene mmum and its distribution in clinical pathogens. | the homocysteine methyltransferase encoded by mmum is widely distributed among microbial organisms. it is the key enzyme that catalyzes the last step in methionine biosynthesis and plays an important role in the metabolism process. it also enables the microbial organisms to tolerate high concentrations of selenium in the environment. in this research, 533 mmum gene sequences covering 70 genera of the bacteria were selected from genbank database. the distribution frequency of mmum is different in ... | 2015 | 25552925 |
| a single-step purification of cauliflower lysozyme and its dual role against bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. | a novel lysozyme from cauliflower was purified in a single step, for the first time, using sephadex g100 column chromatography. the purified lysozyme exhibited a homogenized single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and its molecular mass was calculated to be 22.0 kda. the purified lysozyme showed activity between 30 to 60 °c with 40 °c as the optimum temperature for its maximal activity. although the purified lysozyme was functional at ph ranges betwee ... | 2015 | 26208688 |
| tracking and identification of antibacterial components in the essential oil of tanacetum vulgare l. by the combination of high-performance thin-layer chromatography with direct bioautography and mass spectrometry. | two tansy (tanacetum vulgare l.) essential oils were obtained by steam distillation of the capitula with subsequent liquid-liquid extraction (oil 1) or with use of an auxiliary phase for the trapping of the steam components (oil 2). these oils were investigated against bacillus subtilis f1276, b. subtilis spizizenii (dsm 618), xanthomonas euvesicatoria, pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, ralstonia solanacearum strain gmi1000 and aliivibrio fischeri, using the coupling of high-performance thin- ... | 2015 | 26499972 |
| tlc-direct bioautography as a bioassay guided method for investigation of antibacterial compounds in hypericum perforatum l. | fast high-throughput tlc-direct bioautography (db) is an effect-directed analysis method that enables searching for biologically active (e.g., antimicrobial) substances in complex mixtures like plant extracts. the principle of the method is that separation and detection of biological properties of given mixture components is performed directly on a tlc plate. in searching for antibacterial activity, the developed plate is immersed in a bacterial broth, and bacteria grow directly on its layer dur ... | 2015 | 26268984 |
| tlc-direct bioautography and lc/ms as complementary methods in identification of antibacterial agents in plant tinctures from the asteraceae family. | matricaria recutita l. (chamomile) and achillea millefolium l. (yarrow) are very common herbs growing in meadows, pathways, crop fields, and home gardens. preparations from these plants, e.g., infusions or alcohol extracts, are widely used as remedies. both chamomile and yarrow have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. most microbiological assays used today give information only on activity of whole extracts and do not provide information on the composition an ... | 2015 | 26268962 |
| zmgns, a maize class i β-1,3-glucanase, is induced by biotic stresses and possesses strong antimicrobial activity. | plant β-1,3-glucanases are members of the pathogenesis-related protein 2 (pr-2) family, which is one of the 17 pr protein families and plays important roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. one of the differentially expressed proteins (spot 842) identified in a recent proteomic comparison between five pairs of closely related maize (zea mays l.) lines differing in aflatoxin resistance was further investigated in the present study. here, the corresponding cdna was cloned from maize and des ... | 2015 | 25251325 |
| design and synthesis of new 2-aryl-4,5-dihydro-thiazole analogues: in vitro antibacterial activities and preliminary mechanism of action. | sixty 2-aryl-4,5-dihydrothiazoles were designed and synthesized in yields ranging from 64% to 89% from cysteine and substituted-benzonitriles via a novel metal- and catalyst-free method. the structures of the title compounds were confirmed mainly by nmr spectral data analysis. antibacterial activity assays showed that the compounds (s)-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-methyl- 4,5-dihydrothiazole (7h) and (r)-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-4,5-dihydro-thiazole (7h') exhibited significant inhi ... | 2015 | 26569197 |
| an untargeted global metabolomic analysis reveals the biochemical changes underlying basal resistance and priming in solanum lycopersicum, and identifies 1-methyltryptophan as a metabolite involved in plant responses to botrytis cinerea and pseudomonas syringae. | in this study, we have used untargeted global metabolomic analysis to determine and compare the chemical nature of the metabolites altered during the infection of tomato plants (cv. ailsa craig) with botrytis cinerea (bot) or pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst), pathogens that have different invasion mechanisms and lifestyles. we also obtained the metabolome of tomato plants primed using the natural resistance inducer hexanoic acid and then infected with these pathogens. by contrasting ... | 2015 | 26270176 |
| microrna844-guided downregulation of cytidinephosphate diacylglycerol synthase3 (cds3) mrna affects the response of arabidopsis thaliana to bacteria and fungi. | despite the fact that a large number of mirna sequences have been determined in diverse plant species, reports demonstrating the functional roles of mirnas in the plant response to pathogens are severely limited. here, arabidopsis thaliana mirna844 (mir844) was investigated for its functional role in the defense response to diverse pathogens. transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing mir844 (35s::mir844) displayed much more severe disease symptoms than the wild-type plants when challenged wit ... | 2015 | 25775269 |
| the synthetic cationic lipid dic14 activates a sector of the arabidopsis defence network requiring endogenous signalling components. | natural and synthetic elicitors have contributed significantly to the study of plant immunity. pathogen-derived proteins and carbohydrates that bind to immune receptors, allow the fine dissection of certain defence pathways. lipids of a different nature that act as defence elicitors, have also been studied, but their specific effects have been less well characterized, and their receptors have not been identified. in animal cells, nanoliposomes of the synthetic cationic lipid 3-tetradecylamino-te ... | 2015 | 25727690 |
| bcgs1, a glycoprotein from botrytis cinerea, elicits defence response and improves disease resistance in host plants. | in this study, a necrosis-inducing protein was purified from the culture filtrate of the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea bc-98 strain. secreted proteins were collected and fractionated by liquid chromatography. the fraction with the highest necrosis-inducing activity was further purified. a glycoprotein named bcgs1 was identified by 2d electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. the bcgs1 protein consisted of 672 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 70.487 kda. functional domain an ... | 2015 | 25613865 |
| vitamin b6 contributes to disease resistance against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 and botrytis cinerea in arabidopsis thaliana. | vitamin b6 (vb6) is an important cofactor for numerous enzymatic reactions and plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance. however, direct molecular evidence supporting a role for vb6 in plant disease resistance remains lacking. in this study, we explored the possible function of vb6 in disease resistance by analyzing disease phenotypes of arabidopsis mutants with defects in de novo biosynthetic pathway and salvage pathway of vb6 biosynthesis against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst ... | 2015 | 25460872 |
| bacillus spp. from rainforest soil promote plant growth under limited nitrogen conditions. | the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of pgpr (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) isolated from rainforest soil on different plants under limited nitrogen conditions. | 2015 | 25494882 |
| broadly conserved fungal effector bec1019 suppresses host cell death and enhances pathogen virulence in powdery mildew of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the interaction of barley, hordeum vulgare l., with the powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is a well-developed model to investigate resistance and susceptibility to obligate biotrophic pathogens. the 130-mb blumeria genome encodes approximately 540 predicted effectors that are hypothesized to suppress or induce host processes to promote colonization. blumeria effector candidate (bec)1019, a single-copy gene encoding a putative, secreted metalloprotease, is expressed in haustor ... | 2015 | 25938194 |
| natural phenolic metabolites from endophytic aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs with antimicrobial activity. | prompted by the pressing necessity to conquer phytopathogenic infections, the antimicrobial compounds were characterized with bioassay-guided method from the ethanol extract derived from the solid-substrate fermentation of aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs, an endophytic fungus residing in the apparently healthy leave of ginkgo biloba l. the aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and mechanism(s) of these bioactive compounds against phytopathogens. among the compounds, xanthoascin (1) ... | 2015 | 26004581 |
| infection processes of xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria: possible explanations for the scarcity of qualitative disease resistance genes against them in crops. | disease resistance against xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria in crops. plant pathogenic bacteria cause destructive diseases in many commercially important crops. among these bacteria, eight pathogens, ralstonia solanacearum, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, x. campestris pv. campestris, erwinia amylovora, pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, and xylella fastidiosa, infect their host plants through different infe ... | 2015 | 25917599 |
| novel properties of γ-glutamyltransferase from pseudomonas syringae with β-aspartyltransferase activity. | gene cloning, purification, and characterization of γ-glutamyltransferase from pseudomonas syringae (psggt) were performed in escherichia coli. | 2015 | 26149579 |
| a set of robust fluorescent peptide probes for quantification of cu(ii) binding affinities in the micromolar to femtomolar range. | reliable quantification of copper binding affinities and identification of the binding sites provide a molecular basis for an understanding of the nutritional roles and toxic effects of copper ions. sets of chromophoric probes are now available that can quantify cu(i) binding affinities from nanomolar to attomolar concentrations on a unified scale under in vitro conditions. equivalent probes for cu(ii) are lacking. this work reports development of a set of four fluorescent dansyl peptide probes ... | 2015 | 25715324 |
| hrpg and hrpv proteins from the type iii secretion system of erwinia amylovora form a stable heterodimer. | bacterial type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are specialized multicomponent nanomachines that mediate the transport of proteins either to extracellular locations or directly into eukaryotic host cell cytoplasm. erwinia amylovora, the main agent of rosaceous plants fireblight disease, employs an hrp/hrc1 t3ss to accomplish its pathogenesis. the regulatory network that controls the activation of this t3ss is largely unknown in e. amylovora. however, in pseudomonas syringae pathovars, the hrpg/hrpv ... | 2015 | 25790492 |
| pepper pathogenesis-related protein 4c is a plasma membrane-localized cysteine protease inhibitor that is required for plant cell death and defense signaling. | xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (xcv) type iii effector avrbst triggers programmed cell death (pcd) and activates the hypersensitive response (hr) in plants. here, we isolated and identified the plasma membrane localized pathogenesis-related (pr) protein 4c gene (capr4c) from pepper (capsicum annuum) leaves undergoing avrbst-triggered hr cell death. capr4c encodes a protein with a signal peptide and a barwin domain. recombinant capr4c protein expressed in escherichia coli exhibited cystei ... | 2015 | 25335438 |
| antibacterial activity of caffeine against plant pathogenic bacteria. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of a plant secondary metabolite - caffeine. caffeine is present in over 100 plant species. antibacterial activity of caffeine was examined against the following plant-pathogenic bacteria: ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), clavibacter michiganesis subsp. sepedonicus (cms), dickeya solani (dsol), pectobacterium atrosepticum (pba), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst), ... | 2015 | 26307771 |
| diversity of small rnas expressed in pseudomonas species. | rna sequencing (rna-seq) has revealed several hundreds of previously undetected small rnas (srnas) in all bacterial species investigated, including strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida and pseudomonas syringae. nonetheless, only little is known about the extent of conservation of expressed srnas across strains and species. in this study, we have used rna-seq to identify srnas in p. putida dot-t1e and pseudomonas extremaustralis 14-3b. this is the first strain of p. extremaustral ... | 2015 | 25394275 |
| the c-di-gmp phosphodiesterase bifa is involved in the virulence of bacteria from the pseudomonas syringae complex. | in a recent screen for novel virulence factors involved in the interaction between pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and the olive tree, a mutant was selected that contained a transposon insertion in a putative cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) phosphodiesterase-encoding gene. this gene displayed high similarity to bifa of pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida. here, we examined the role of bifa in free-living and virulence-related phenotypes of two bacterial plant pathogens in the pseud ... | 2015 | 25385023 |
| investigations into the biosynthesis, regulation, and self-resistance of toxoflavin in pseudomonas protegens pf-5. | pseudomonas spp. are prolific producers of natural products from many structural classes. here we show that the soil bacterium pseudomonas protegens pf-5 is capable of producing trace levels of the triazine natural product toxoflavin (1) under microaerobic conditions. we evaluated toxoflavin production by derivatives of pf-5 with deletions in specific biosynthesis genes, which led us to propose a revised biosynthetic pathway for toxoflavin that shares the first two steps with riboflavin biosynth ... | 2015 | 26077901 |
| characterization of ice-nucleating bacteria using on-line electron impact ionization aerosol mass spectrometry. | the mass spectral signatures of airborne bacteria were measured and analyzed in cloud simulation experiments at the aida (aerosol interaction and dynamics in the atmosphere) facility. suspensions of cultured cells in pure water were sprayed into the aerosol and cloud chambers forming an aerosol which consisted of intact cells, cell fragments and residual particles from the agar medium in which the bacteria were cultured. the aerosol particles were analyzed with a high-resolution time-of-flight a ... | 2015 | 26149110 |
| characterization of the ability to form biofilms by plant-associated pseudomonas species. | successful colonization is the initial step for plant-bacteria interactions; therefore, the development of strategies to improve adherence to plant surfaces is critically important for environmental bacteria. biofilm formation is thought to be one such strategy for bacteria to establish stable colonization on inert and living surfaces. although biofilms play potential roles in enabling persistent bacterial colonization, little attention has been paid to biofilms formed by plant-associated bacter ... | 2015 | 25487118 |
| dirhamnose-lipid production by recombinant nonpathogenic bacterium pseudomonas chlororaphis. | we previously discovered that pseudomonas chlororaphis nrrl b-30761 produces monorhamnolipids (r1ls) with predominantly 3-hydroxydodecenoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate (c12:1-c10) or 3-hydroxydodecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate (c12-c10) as the lipid moiety under static growth conditions only. we have now cloned, sequenced, and analyzed in silico the gene locus of nrrl b-30761 containing the putative coding sequences of rhamnosyltransferase chain a (rhla pch , 894 bps), rhamnosyltransferase chain b (rhlb pch , ... | 2015 | 25661819 |
| [pathogenic miko,- and microflora of fraxinus excelsior in podolya ukraine]. | the article summarizes our research results of pathogenic myco- and microflora, as well as harmful entomofauna on european ash. it is shown that the most common and harmful diseaseis tuberculosis (its causal agent--bacteria pseudomonas syringae pv.savastanoi (smith 1908), which affects trunks, branches, twigs and buds of european ash. it describes a number of pathogens and representatives mikofitozov malicious entomofauna that by virtue of its activities significantly weaken the growth, developm ... | 2015 | 26638486 |
| detection and characterization of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum in kiwifruit in spain. | bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is currently the major threat to its commercial production worldwide. in 2011, the most virulent type (psa3) was detected for the first time in northwest-spain, in the province of pontevedra. in 2013 surveys, leaves and flower buds with mild symptoms were observed in actinidia deliciosa 'hayward' vines in an orchard at the province of a coruña, suggesting the presence of p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (psaf). | 2015 | 26768357 |
| crystal structure of the effector protein hopa1 from pseudomonas syringae. | plants have evolved to protect themselves against pathogen attack; in these competitions, many gram-negative bacteria translocate pathogen-originated proteins known as effectors directly into plant cells to interfere with cellular processes. effector-triggered immunity (eti) is a plant defense mechanism in which plant resistance proteins recognize the presence of effectors and initiate immune responses. enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (eds1) in arabidopsis thaliana serves as a central node pro ... | 2015 | 25681297 |
| environmental stresses modulate abundance and timing of alternatively spliced circadian transcripts in arabidopsis. | environmental stresses profoundly altered accumulation of nonsense mrnas including intron-retaining (ir) transcripts in arabidopsis. temporal patterns of stress-induced ir mrnas were dissected using both oscillating and non-oscillating transcripts. broad-range thermal cycles triggered a sharp increase in the long ir cca1 isoforms and altered their phasing to different times of day. both abiotic and biotic stresses such as drought or pseudomonas syringae infection induced a similar increase. ther ... | 2015 | 25680774 |
| the stringent response mediated by (p)ppgpp is required for virulence of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and its survival on tomato. | the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a key pathogenicity factor in pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (dc3000). in this study, the role of the second messenger (p)ppgpp on virulence and survival of dc3000 was investigated. results have demonstrated that (p)ppgpp-deficient mutant (ppgpp(0)) of dc3000 exhibited lower levels of expression of the t3ss and genes of other virulence traits, such as coronatine toxin. the ppgpp(0) mutant of dc3000 wa ... | 2015 | 25675257 |
| a high-throughput screen for ligand binding reveals the specificities of three amino acid chemoreceptors from pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | chemoreceptors play a central role in chemotaxis, allowing bacteria to detect chemical gradients and bias their swimming behavior in order to navigate toward favorable environments. the genome of the kiwifruit pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) strain nz-v13 encodes 43 predicted chemoreceptors, none of which has been characterized. we developed a high-throughput fluorescence-based thermal shift assay for identifying the signal molecules that are recognized by a given chemorecept ... | 2015 | 25656450 |
| dissection of two complex clusters of resistance genes in lettuce (lactuca sativa). | of the over 50 phenotypic resistance genes mapped in lettuce, 25 colocalize to three major resistance clusters (mrc) on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4. similarly, the majority of candidate resistance genes encoding nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat (nlr) proteins genetically colocalize with phenotypic resistance loci. mrc1 and mrc4 span over 66 and 63 mb containing 84 and 21 nlr-encoding genes, respectively, as well as 765 and 627 genes that are not related to nlr genes. forward and reverse geneti ... | 2015 | 25650829 |
| levansucrases of a pseudomonas syringae pathovar as catalysts for the synthesis of potentially prebiotic oligo- and polysaccharides. | gut microbiota influences more physiological and developmental processes of humans and animals than earlier expected. therefore, the possibility to shape the composition and activity of this bacterial population by prebiotics becomes especially important. inulin, a β-2,1 linked fructan polymer, from plants and fructooligosaccharides (fos) derived from it are recognized and already widely used as prebiotics while β-2,6 linked fructans have received much less attention from scientific community. i ... | 2015 | 25644638 |
| biochemical characterization of uronate dehydrogenases from three pseudomonads, chromohalobacter salixigens, and polaromonas naphthalenivorans. | enzyme catalysts will be vital in the development of synthetic biology approaches for converting pectinic monosaccharides from citrus and beet processing waste streams to value-added materials. we describe here the biophysical and mechanistic characterization of uronate dehydrogenases from a wide variety of bacterial sources that convert galacturonic acid, the predominate building block of pectin from these plant sources, and glucuronic acid to their corresponding dicarboxylic acids galactarate ... | 2015 | 25640726 |
| identification of qtls controlling resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato race 1 strains from the wild tomato, solanum habrochaites la1777. | screening of wild tomato accessions revealed a source of resistance to pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato race 1 from solanum habrochaites and facilitated mapping of qtls controlling disease resistance. pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) causes bacterial speck of tomato, which is one of the most persistent bacterial diseases in tomato worldwide. existing pst populations have overcome genetic resistance mediated by the tomato genes pto and prf. the objective of this study was to identify sources o ... | 2015 | 25634105 |
| pseudomonas syringae effector avrpphb suppresses avrb-induced activation of rpm1 but not avrrpm1-induced activation. | the pseudomonas syringae effector avrb triggers a hypersensitive resistance response in arabidopsis and soybean plants expressing the disease resistance (r) proteins rpm1 and rpg1b, respectively. in arabidopsis, avrb induces rpm1-interacting protein kinase (ripk) to phosphorylate a disease regulator known as rin4, which subsequently activates rpm1-mediated defenses. here, we show that avrpphb can suppress activation of rpm1 by avrb and this suppression is correlated with the cleavage of ripk by ... | 2015 | 25625821 |
| the arabidopsis ceramidase atacer functions in disease resistance and salt tolerance. | ceramidases hydrolyze ceramide into sphingosine and fatty acids. in mammals, ceramidases function as key regulators of sphingolipid homeostasis, but little is known about their roles in plants. here we characterize the arabidopsis ceramidase atacer, a homolog of human alkaline ceramidases. the acer-1 t-dna insertion mutant has pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduction of leaf size, dwarfing and an irregular wax layer, compared with wild-type plants. quantitative sphingolipid profiling showed t ... | 2015 | 25619405 |
| chloroplasts play a central role in plant defence and are targeted by pathogen effectors. | microbe associated molecular pattern (mamp) receptors in plants recognize mamps and activate basal defences; however a complete understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms conferring immunity remains elusive. pathogens suppress active defence in plants through the combined action of effector proteins. here we show that the chloroplast is a key component of early immune responses. mamp perception triggers the rapid, large-scale suppression of nuclear encoded chloroplast-targeted g ... | 2015 | 27250009 |
| characterization of the coronatine-like phytotoxins produced by the common scab pathogen streptomyces scabies. | streptomyces scabies is an important causative agent of common scab disease of potato tubers and other root crops. the primary virulence factor produced by this pathogen is a phytotoxic secondary metabolite called thaxtomin a, which is essential for disease development. in addition, the genome of s. scabies harbors a virulence-associated biosynthetic gene cluster called the coronafacic acid (cfa)-like gene cluster, which was previously predicted to produce metabolites that resemble the pseudomon ... | 2015 | 25423263 |
| downy mildew resistant 6 and dmr6-like oxygenase 1 are partially redundant but distinct suppressors of immunity in arabidopsis. | arabidopsis downy mildew resistant 6 (dmr6) mutants have lost their susceptibility to the downy mildew hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. here we show that dmr6 is also resistant to the bacterium pseudomonas syringae and the oomycete phytophthora capsici. resistance is accompanied by enhanced defense gene expression and elevated salicylic acid levels. the suppressive effect of the dmr6 oxygenase was confirmed in transgenic arabidopsis lines overexpressing dmr6 that show enhanced susceptibility to h ... | 2015 | 25376907 |
| ald1 regulates basal immune components and early inducible defense responses in arabidopsis. | robust immunity requires basal defense machinery to mediate timely responses and feedback cycles to amplify defenses against potentially spreading infections. agd2-like defense response protein 1 (ald1) is needed for the accumulation of the plant defense signal salicylic acid (sa) during the first hours after infection with the pathogen pseudomonas syringae and is also upregulated by infection and sa. ald1 is an aminotransferase with multiple substrates and products in vitro. pipecolic acid (pip ... | 2015 | 25372120 |
| cellulose production in pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae: a compromise between epiphytic and pathogenic lifestyles. | genome sequencing and annotation have revealed a putative cellulose biosynthetic operon in the strain pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae umaf0158, the causal agent of bacterial apical necrosis. bioinformatics analyses and experimental methods were used to confirm the functionality of the cellulose biosynthetic operon. in addition, the results showed the contribution of the cellulose operon to important aspects of p. syringae pv. syringae biology, such as the formation of biofilms and adhesion to ... | 2015 | 26109133 |
| the chromatin remodeler splayed negatively regulates snc1-mediated immunity. | snc1 (suppressor of npr1, constitutive 1) is one of a suite of intracellular arabidopsis nod-like receptor (nlr) proteins which, upon activation, result in the induction of defense responses. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying nlr activation and the subsequent provocation of immune responses are only partially characterized. to identify negative regulators of nlr-mediated immunity, a forward genetic screen was undertaken to search for enhancers of the dwarf, autoimmune gain-of-function ... | 2015 | 26063389 |
| changes in the proteome of pad2-1, a glutathione depleted arabidopsis mutant, during pseudomonas syringae infection. | the involvement of glutathione (gsh) in plant defense against pathogen invasion is an established fact. however, the molecular mechanism conferring this tolerance remains to be explored. here, proteomic analysis of pad2-1, an arabidopsis thaliana gsh-depleted mutant, in response to pseudomonas syringae infection has been performed to explore the intricate position of gsh in defense against biotrophic pathogens. the pad2-1 mutant displayed severe susceptibility to p. syringae infection compared t ... | 2015 | 26032221 |
| arabidopsis abscisic acid receptors play an important role in disease resistance. | stomata are natural pores of plants and constitute the entry points for water during transpiration. however, they also facilitate the ingress of potentially harmful bacterial pathogens. the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) plays a pivotal role in protecting plants against biotic stress, by regulating stomatal closure. in the present study, we investigated the mechanism whereby aba influences plant defense responses to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) dc3000, which is a virulent bacterial pa ... | 2015 | 25969135 |
| melatonin regulates carbohydrate metabolism and defenses against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 infection in arabidopsis thaliana. | melatonin has been reported to promote plant growth and development. our experiments with arabidopsis thaliana showed that exogenous applications of this molecule mediated invertase inhibitor (c/vif)-regulated invertase activity and enhanced sucrose metabolism. hexoses were accumulated in response to elevated activities by cell wall invertase (cwi) and vacuolar invertase (vi). analyses of sugar metabolism-related genes revealed differential expression during plant development that was modulated ... | 2015 | 25958775 |
| salicylic acid and cysteine contribute to arbutin-induced alleviation of angular leaf spot disease development in cucumber. | arbutin induced suppression of angular leaf spot disease in cucumber resulting from lower populations of pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans in the infected tissues. this study provides insight into mechanisms that may potentially account for this effect. in the absence of the pathogen, exogenous arbutin-induced expression of pr1, the marker of salicylic acid signaling, increased the content of salicylic acid and modulated the cysteine pool. this suggested that arbutin promoted cucumber plants to ... | 2015 | 25955697 |
| the zinc-binding nuclear protein hipp3 acts as an upstream regulator of the salicylate-dependent plant immunity pathway and of flowering time in arabidopsis thaliana. | biotic and abiotic stress responses of plants are linked to developmental programs. proteins involved in different signaling pathways are the molecular basis of this concerted interplay. in our study, we show that arabidopsis thaliana heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein3 (hipp3; at5g60800) acts as an upstream regulator of stress- and development-related regulatory networks. localization, metal-binding and stress-responsive gene expression of hipp3 were analyzed via microscopy, pro ... | 2015 | 25913773 |
| synthesis, characterization, and application of microbe-triggered controlled-release kasugamycin-pectin conjugate. | the controlled and targeted release of pesticides with high water solubility has been a challenge for integrated pest management. in this paper, kasugamycin, an antibiotic broadly used in plant disease control, was covalently conjugated to pectin to form a kasugamycin-pectin conjugate by an amide bond. the conjugate was structurally characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and thermal gravimetric analysis. the results showed that the conjugate was ... | 2015 | 25876441 |
| the co-4 locus on chromosome pv08 contains a unique cluster of 18 cok-4 genes and is regulated by immune response in common bean. | the common bean locus co - 4, traditionally referred to as an anthracnose-resistant gene, contains a cluster of predicted receptor-like kinases (cok-4 and crrlk1-like), and at least two of these kinases are co-regulated with the plant's basal immunity. genetic resistance to anthracnose, caused by the fungus colletotrichum lindemuthianum (sacc. and magnus) briosi and cavara, is conferred by major loci throughout the phaseolus vulgaris genome, named co. the complex co-4 locus was previously report ... | 2015 | 25805316 |