Publications

effectiveness of low-dose lovastatin in lowering serum cholesterol. experience with 56 patients.	this study reviews the progress of 56 consecutive patients with type iia and iib hyperlipoproteinemia following treatment with lovastatin. lovastatin, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase, has been shown to have a cholesterol-lowering effect in doses ranging from 10 to 80 mg/d. thus far, however, no large study has been performed to show the effectiveness of low-dose lovastatin (20 mg/d) for more than a 6-week duration. fifty-six patients with known coronary arte ...	1991	2393325
expectations of management.		1991	258133
[on the role of nursing in adjustment of the environment].		1991	259095
teenage sexuality.		1991	259025
[inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region and the function of the adrenal cortex].		1991	208193
[late results of comprehensive treatment of parodontal diseases in patients with crowding of teeth].		1991	270126
[laboratory diagnosis of cholera during enterocolitis epidemic at dimitrovgrad in august and september 1989].	epidemy of enterocolitis at dimitrovgrad started on the 15th of august 1989, and lasted for a whole month. 2018 persons became ill. bacteriological cholera tests were performed on 3054 samples of stools from 2558 patients, and of those who were in contact with the sick populations. stool samples were cultured on the alcal peptonic water, alcal agar, and tcbs agar for vibrio isolation. suspicious colonies identification was made by biochemical and serological tests. difference between cholera bio ...	1991	17974375
[vibrio cholerae can be encountered even at home].		1991	1285425
elution conditions and degradation mechanisms in long-term immunoadsorbent use.	the limited life of immunoadsorbents used for the large-scale purification of biological macromolecules poses a significant limitation to the more widespread application of this technology. in this study, the binding activity of a monoclonal antibody (mab) to bovine serum albumin (bsa) was measured as a function of ph, ionic strength, and varying concentrations of kscn, ethylene glycol, or dmso. low ph (2.5) and 3 m kscn each reduced the antibody binding constant below 6 x 10(5) l/mol, meeting c ...	1991	1367171
conformational features of signal sequences and folding of secretory proteins in yeasts.	a yeast secretion system has been used extensively for the production of eukaryotic proteins that are expressed as non-native aggregates in e. coli. secretory proteins translocate through the membrane using signal sequences, and fold in the cells (probably with the aid of several molecular chaperones). in combination with recent techniques of mutagenesis, this system has recently been implemented to study structure/function in signal sequences, and in vivo folding mechanisms of proteins. this re ...	1991	1367246
biotin formation by recombinant strains of escherichia coli: influence of the host physiology.	strains of escherichia coli were transformed with different plasmids bearing the gene clusters bioxwf and biodayb isolated from the gram positive bacterium bacillus sphaericus. these genes encode for the enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway which synthesizes biotin from the precursor pimelic acid. transformed e. coli strains were grown in bioreactors to reach a biomass of 18 g l-1 cell dry weight in 1 litre batch culture with substrate feeding and approximately 50 g l-1 in 10 l fed batch cu ...	1991	1367314
biotin formation by recombinant strains of escherichia coli: influence of the host physiology.	strains of escherichia coli were transformed with different plasmids bearing the gene clusters bioxwf and biodayb isolated from the gram positive bacterium bacillus sphaericus. these genes encode for the enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway which synthesizes biotin from the precursor pimelic acid. transformed e. coli strains were grown in bioreactors to reach a biomass of 18 g l-1 cell dry weight in 1 litre batch culture with substrate feeding and approximately 50 g l-1 in 10 l fed batch cu ...	1991	1367314
positive transcriptional regulation of an iron-regulated virulence gene in vibrio cholerae.	we have previously described a virulence gene in vibrio cholerae (irga) that is more than 850-fold regulated in response to iron. negative regulation of irga by iron occurred at the transcriptional level, and there was a dyad symmetric nucleotide sequence in the vicinity of the irga promoter homologous to the fur binding site in escherichia coli. when irga was cloned into e. coli, we showed that transcription of irga required 900 base pairs of dna upstream of the irga promoter that contained an ...	1991	1705025
new model for analysis of mucosal immunity: intestinal secretion of specific monoclonal immunoglobulin a from hybridoma tumors protects against vibrio cholerae infection.	secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) plays a role in defense against vibrio cholerae and other microorganisms that infect mucosal surfaces, but it is not established whether siga alone can prevent disease. we report here a strategy for identifying the antigen specificities of monoclonal siga antibodies that are capable of providing such protection. iga hybridomas were generated from peyer's patch lymphocytes after oral immunization with v. cholerae ogawa 395. a clone was selected that produced dime ...	1991	1705246
[molecular cloning of lipopolysaccharide genes of the vibrio cholerae in e. coli hb101].	a genomic library of the v. cholerae 178 (eltor biotype, ogawa serotype) was constructed by using cosmid phc 79 as a cloning vector. we screened the library with immune agglutination test and colonies solid phase elisa. 13 positive recombinants which could express the o antigen of the v. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps) were acquired. the lps was then extracted from a positive recombinant pmm-vo 38 by using hot phenol-water method. it was found that purified lps specifically reacted to antisoma ...	1991	1709766
[a method of detecting phages in lysogenic strains of vibrio cholerae].		1991	1709991
characterization and immunogenicity of ex880, a salmonella typhi ty21a-based clone which produces vibrio cholerae o antigen.	ex645 is a derivative of salmonella typhi ty21a which carries a plasmid specifying production of vibrio cholerae o antigen. when cultured with exogenous galactose to overcome the gale defect of the vector, ex645 also synthesizes s. typhi o antigen, and this can result in the masking of the shorter v. cholerae o antigen on the bacterial surface. to determine whether the potential for such masking at least partly underlies the inconsistency of anti-v. cholerae responses elicited by ex645, a deriva ...	1991	1711014
immunogenicity of vibrio cholerae o1 toxin-coregulated pili in experimental and clinical cholera.	a functional tcpa gene, encoding the major subunit of toxin-coregulated pili (tcp), is necessary for vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa strain 395 to colonize the human intestine and confer protective immunity to virulent challenge. the immunogenicity of tcp and other antigens in experimental and naturally acquired cholera was determined. seroconversion to cholera toxin (ct), whole cell preparations, and to ogawa lipopolysaccharide but not to purified native tcp or to a tcpa mimiotope was found in volunte ...	1991	1711017
comparison of the effects of intra-arterial and aerosol administration of endothelin-1 (et-1) in the guinea-pig isolated lung.	1. intra-arterial injection of endothelin-1 (et-1, 400 pmol; 1 microgram) in guinea-pig isolated perfused lungs, induced increases in pulmonary inflation pressure (pip) and perfusion pressure (ppp), associated with oedema formation and thromboxane b2 (txb2) release but not with the generation of sulphidopeptide leukotrienes or release of histamine. in contrast, aerosol administration of et-1 (3, 6, 10 micrograms ml-1, for 2 min) evoked a dose-dependent increase in pip, without significant change ...	1991	1713103
eric sequences: a novel family of repetitive elements in the genomes of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and other enterobacteria.	we describe a family of highly conserved, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequences, 14 of which have been identified in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium and a further three in other enterobacterial species (yersinia pseudotuberculosis, klebsiella pneumoniae and vibrio cholerae). eric sequences are 126 bp long and appear to be restricted to transcribed regions of the genome, either in intergenic regions of polycistronic operons or in untranslated regions upstrea ...	1991	1713281
[an experimental study of the safety of a chemical monovalent tableted cholera vaccine in enteral administration].	the safety of experimental chemical cholera monovalent vaccine in tablets, produced by the institute "microbe" (saratov, ussr), has been studied. the study has shown that the vaccine, administered to adult rabbits and germ-free suckling rabbits by the enteral route, retains residual toxicity, mainly due to the presence of o-antigen. one or two administrations of 1-2 human doses of this preparation to adult rabbits induce minimal structural changes admissible from the viewpoint of safety. after i ...	1991	1713379
identification and nucleotide sequence determination of the gene responsible for ogawa serotype specificity of v. cholerae 01.	the gene encoding a protein of 27 kda, which is specifically expressed in vibrio cholerae of serotype ogawa, was identified and its nucleotide sequence determined. the plasmid carrying this gene was found to convert serotype specificity from inaba to ogawa when introduced into the escherichia coli dh5(pvci112) cell which harbors a cloned 20-kilobase genomic dna fragment of v. cholerae nih35a3 and expresses the 01 antigen of inaba serotype.	1991	1713857
[the use of micromethods for the identification of vibrios].	the authors recommend micromethods for laboratory studies of vibrio; such methods may be widely used at bacteriologic laboratories for examinations of biochemical characteristics of these microorganisms, for rapid identification of v. cholerae 01, and for serologic identification (typing) of v. cholerae non 01, since they accelerate the diagnosis and are much simpler than macromethods.	1991	1715949
[the effect of the growth period of a culture of l-929 cells on its sensitivity to the action of vibrio cholerae cytolysin].	the activity of purified v. cholerae cytolysin was estimated from its cytotoxic effect on l-929 cells in various growth phases. the period of target cell development was supposed to influence the sensitivity of the test. cytolysin preparation is thermolabile, and its effect is neutralized with homologous antiserum.	1991	1715950
[an immunoenzyme method of detecting vibrio cholerae cytolysin].	enzyme immunoassay was used in detection of v. cholerae cytolysin. conjugate of immunoglobulins to purified cytolysin with horseradish peroxidase was used, obtained by the periodate technique. the method sensitivity is 2 ng/ml of purified cytolysin. the results of hemolytic activity measurements in supernatants of 40 v. cholerae strains and enzyme immunoassay findings were in high correlation.	1991	1715951
an enzyme-linked lectin assay for sialidase.	a procedure for the detection of low activities of sialidase (= neuraminidase) is described. natural substrates for sialidase (human erythrocytes, fetuin or gangliosides) were coated onto the wells of microplates and incubated at 37 degrees c with the enzyme. sialidase-induced desialylation of these natural substrates unmasks saccharides that are specifically recognized by the peanut agglutinin lectin (pna). the use of a peroxidase-conjugated pna (po-pna) allowed the binding of the lectin to the ...	1991	1716184
in vivo evidence of immunological masking of the vibrio cholerae o antigen of a hybrid salmonella typhi ty21a-vibrio cholerae oral vaccine in humans.	the immunogenicity of the live oral hybrid vaccine organism salmonella typhi ty21a/v. cholerae inaba (ex210) following its growth in media containing variable concentrations of supplemental galactose was examined in human volunteer subjects. the local intestinal iga-specific antibody responses to both typhoid and cholera lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations were determined. it was observed that the immunogenicity of the galactose-independent vibrio cholerae o antigen in vivo was dependent upon ...	1991	1716810
[the characteristics of the reactogenicity and immunological activity of a new cholera bivalent chemical vaccine based on the results of controlled trials].	the reactogenic properties and immunological potency of modified cholera chemical vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + o-antigens inaba and ogawa) were tested in 278 volunteers aged 18 years and over in comparison with those of a commercial batch of monovalent cholera vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + o-antigen inaba). the cholera vaccine, enriched with o-antigen ogawa, was found to be safe; vaccination with this vaccine was not accompanied by the development of systemic and local reactions whose frequency a ...	1991	1719716
construction of plasmid vectors with a non-antibiotic selection system based on the escherichia coli thya+ gene: application to cholera vaccine development.	the construction of live oral carriers based on attenuated salmonella strains as vectors offers a new approach to vaccine development. we have constructed a set of plasmid vectors which have the thya gene of escherichia coli (encoding thymidylate synthetase) as the marker for selection and maintenance of plasmid clones. the thya system offers an alternative to antibiotic-resistance selection markers. it can be easily adapted to a particular host-vector combination since thya chromosomal mutation ...	1991	1720753
[determination of the cytotoxic activity of vibrio cholerae].	cytotoxic activities of broth culture supernatants of 39 v. cholerae strains 01 and non 01 were studied in l-929 cell cultures. the examined strains differed by the cytotoxic factor production, which factors were identified (with the use of anti-cytolysin serum) as cytolysin. the strains capable of choleric enterotoxin secretion did not produce cytolysin.	1991	1722537
effect of lipopolysaccharide core synthesis mutations on the production of vibrio cholerae o-antigen in escherichia coli k-12.	the rfb genes of vibrio cholerae o1 (ogawa serotype) were subcloned into a derivative of pbr322. this plasmid was transformed into several escherichia coli k-12 mutant strains which produce an incomplete lipopolysaccharide (lps)-core-oligosaccharide region. the data indicate that the v. cholerae o-antigen is assembled onto the e. coli lps and that at least two glucoses are needed in the core in order to achieve a high level of production. these data are consistent with the reported presence of g ...	1991	1722766
epitope differences in toxin-coregulated pili produced by classical and el tor vibrio cholerae o1.	a toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), that is important for intestinal colonization of vibrio cholerae o1, may be produced by vibrios of both classical and ei tor biotypes. by comparing tcp produced by various strains of the two biotypes in immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antisera against tcp from classical vibrios, we have found biotype-related epitope differences in tcp. our results indicate that tcp of classical strain ...	1991	1724789
enzymatic characterization of vibrionaceae strains isolated from environment and cold-blooded animals.	enzymatic profiles were determined by the api zym system for 15 strains of non 01 vibrio cholerae, 4 strains of v. metschnikovii, 9 strains of v. anguillarum, 6 strains of plesiomonas shigelloides and 115 strains motile aeromonas sp. all of the tested strains produced alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and did not possess alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase. some differences in enzymatic activities among the tested vibrionaceae strains were noted. the strains of non 01 v. cholerae, ...	1991	1725094
identification of epitopes of the receptor binding subunit of cholera toxin by synthetic peptide and cbib approaches.		1991	1725236
oral immunization with salmonella typhi ty21a-based clones expressing vibrio cholerae o-antigen: serum bactericidal antibody responses in man in relation to pre-immunization antibody levels.	previous studies have shown that oral immunization with salmonella typhi ty21a-based clones expressing vibrio cholerae o-antigen elicits serum antibody responses against the foreign polysaccharide in human volunteers. these responses are conveniently assayed by complement-dependent bacteriolysis of v. cholerae. in this report the bactericidal responses generated by two such clones are analysed in relation to the pre-immunization titres of various serum antibodies. a significant association was f ...	1991	1725837
[the use of a cho cell culture in studying vibrio cholerae grown under different conditions].	studies of biological activity of cholera vibrios in cultures of chinese hamster ovary cells (cho) have revealed their strong dependence on culture conditions. elongation of cho cells is caused only by choleragenic strains. under stationary conditions of culture the vibrios were found to release haemolisin into the medium and had a cytotoxic effect. most of cytotoxic supernatants exhibited a neuraminidase activity. proteolytic activity was less dependent on the vibrio culture conditions. strains ...	1991	1726445
comparison of initial yields of dna-to-protein crosslinks and single-strand breaks induced in cultured human cells by far- and near-ultraviolet light, blue light and x-rays.	the initial yields of dna-to-protein crosslinks (dpc) caused by ionizing and nonionizing radiations were compared, with emphasis upon values within the biological dose ranges (d0). induction of dpc in cold (0-0.5 degrees c) human p3 teratocarcinoma cells was measured by using alkaline elution techniques after exposure to monochromatic uvc (254 nm), uvb (313 nm), uva (365 and 405 nm), and blue light (434 nm). uvc and uvb light induced detectable numbers (about 100 dpc per cell per d0). monochroma ...	1991	1986263
relationship between body and brain temperature in traumatically brain-injured rodents.	recent work has shown that mild to moderate levels of hypothermia may profoundly reduce the histological and biochemical sequelae of cerebral ischemic injury. in the present study, the authors examined the effect of fluid-percussion injury on brain temperature in anesthetized rats and the effect of anesthesia on brain temperature in uninjured rats. the relationship between the brain, rectal, and temporalis muscle temperatures during normothermia, hypothermia, and hyperthermia was studied followi ...	1991	1993914
practical field epidemiology to investigate a cholera outbreak in a mozambican refugee camp in malawi, 1988.	of all populations affected by cholera, refugees are at particular risk of infection due to overcrowding and poor sanitation. between 15 march and 17 may 1988, 951 cases of cholera were registered at the cholera treatment centre in a mozambican refugee camp in malawi. the epidemic duration was 65 days. vibrio cholerae biotype e1 tor serotype inaba was isolated. to identify high-risk groups and potential risk of acquiring the disease, an epidemiologic investigation was conducted. the attack rate ...	1991	1995929
freeze-substitution of gram-negative eubacteria: general cell morphology and envelope profiles.	freeze-substitution was performed on strains of escherichia coli, pasteurella multocida, campylobacter fetus, vibrio cholerae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida, aeromonas salmonicida, proteus mirabilis, haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, caulobacter crescentus, and leptothrix discophora with a substitution medium composed of 2% osmium tetroxide and 2% uranyl acetate in anhydrous acetone. a thick periplasmic gel ranging from 10.6 to 14.3 nm in width was displayed in e. coli k-12, k30, and hi ...	1991	1999383
toxr regulates the production of lipoproteins and the expression of serum resistance in vibrio cholerae.	the genes encoding three lipoproteins of vibrio cholerae were identified by a combination of dna sequence analysis and [3h]palmitate labeling of hybrid proteins encoded by tnphoa gene fusions. the expression of these three lipoproteins, taga, acfd, and tcpc, was controlled by toxr, the cholera toxin transcriptional activator. the involvement of other bacterial lipoproteins in conferring resistance to the bactericidal effects of complement prompted us to examine this possibility in v. cholerae. r ...	1991	2000374
direct evidence that ganglioside is an integral component of the thyrotropin receptor.	gangliosides were extracted from purified human and porcine thyrotropin (tsh) receptors (tsh-r) and were detected by probing with an 125i-labeled sialic acid-specific lectin, limax flavus agglutinin. gangliosides copurified with human and porcine tsh-r migrated between monosialoganglioside gm1 and disialoganglioside gd1a. ceramide glycanase digestion of the purified human tsh-r-associated glycolipid confirmed its ganglioside nature. it was resistant to vibrio cholerae sialidase, which digests al ...	1991	2000404
immunogenicity of two formulations of oral cholera vaccines in thai volunteers.	a formulation of oral vaccine consisting of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharides (lps), cell-bound haemagglutinin (cha) and procholeragenoid (p), namely vaccine a, was compared with another formulation, vaccine b, prepared from killed whole vibrios plus procholeragenoid on their immunogenicity and reactogenicity in thai male volunteers. volunteers were randomly allocated into three groups. the first two groups received orally three doses of vaccines a and b, respectively at 14-day intervals. volu ...	1991	2008802
purification and characterization of a secreted protease from the pathogenic marine bacterium vibrio anguillarum.	vibrio anguillarum is a pathogenic marine bacterium which causes the disease vibriosis in salmonid fish, which is characterized by a fatal hemorrhagic septicemia accompanied by massive tissue destruction. in this paper, the purification of the major caseinolytic extracellular protease from v. anguillarum is presented. the purification steps include ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-sepharose chromatography, sephacryl s-200 chromatography, and deae high-pressure liquid chromatography. the puri ...	1991	2012804
synthetic peptides as the basis for vaccine design.		1991	2017193
identification of the genomic region determining serotype specificity of vibrio cholerae 01.	a 2.1-kb genomic region responsible for ogawa serotype specificity of vibrio cholerae 01 was identified by cosmid cloning and recombinant plasmid experiments. the plasmid carrying this region derived from ogawa type vibrio cholerae nih 41 coded for a specific protein of 27 kd, and was found to convert serotype specificity from inaba to ogawa when co-introduced into the escherichia coli cells harboring a cloned 20-kilobase genomic dna fragment of inaba type vibrio cholerae 35a3.	1991	2018510
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to vibrio cholerae soluble haemagglutinin.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against a protease of vibrio cholerae, the soluble haemagglutinin (sha), have been prepared and characterized with regard to their ability to inhibit different biological properties of sha and to protect against experimental v. cholerae infection. four fusion experiments yielded two specific immunoglobulin g1 mabs that reacted with sha produced by different v. cholerae o1 and non-o1 strains but that differed in their antigen-binding capacity. both mabs were capable o ...	1991	2018638
preferential reactivity of autoantibodies in murine lupus nzb mice to neuraminidase-treated monosialogangliosides on b cells of mouse spleen.	when analyzed by flow cytometry, reactivity of igm autoantibodies in sera from nzb mice to spleen b cells, but not to t cells, from balb/c mice was remarkably increased after treatment of the cells with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. by tlc immunostaining with the antibodies, neither neutral nor acidic glycosphingolipids from both balb/c and nzb mouse spleens were found to be reactive, but after neuraminidase treatment of the tlc plate, prior to the immunostaining, three components became reacti ...	1991	2018978
the protective activity of tea against infection by vibrio cholerae o1.	extracts of black tea exhibited bactericidal activity against vibrio cholerae o1. the tea extract inhibited the haemolysin activity of v. cholerae o1, el tor and the morphological changes of chinese hamster ovary cells induced by cholera toxin. tea extract also reduced fluid accumulation induced by cholera toxin in sealed adult mice and by v. cholerae o1 in ligated intestinal loops of rabbits. these findings suggest that tea has protective activity against v. cholerae o1.	1991	2019547
cholera. small risk of cholera transmission by food imports.		1991	2021526
synthesis in vibrio cholerae and secretion of hepatitis b virus antigens fused to escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit b.	a simple and effective electroporation method for the transformation of vibrio cholerae with nonmobilizable plasmids is described. expression plasmids directing the synthesis of fusion proteins with the subunit b of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b (lt-b) were transformed into nontoxinogenic v. cholerae vaccine strains. a protein consisting of two overlapping immunodominant antibody-binding sites of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) middle surface antigen fused to the c terminus of full-leng ...	1991	2022336
characterization of genetic variation and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine- resistance mutations of human immunodeficiency virus by the rnase a mismatch cleavage method.	the rnase a mismatch cleavage method has been applied to the characterization of natural genetic variation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) from different geographical areas. the approach provides a rapid and simple assay for the analysis of differences in closely related viral isolates and allows the establishment of phylogenetic relationships between epidemiologically distinct viruses. our results show a broad clustering of circulating viruses according to their geographical distribution. ...	1991	2034672
tumor necrosis factor alpha selectively sensitizes human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells to heat and radiation.	we report here that infection of the human t-cell line hut-78 with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) increases its sensitivity to heat and radiation toxicity. a possible explanation for this result may be the reduced expression of manganous superoxide dismutase (mnsod) in hiv-infected cells compared to uninfected cells. tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) further sensitizes hiv-infected cells but not uninfected cells to heat and radiation. this is consistent with the ability of tnf-alpha to ...	1991	2034677
enterotoxin-associated dna sequence homology between salmonella species and escherichia coli.	multiple hindiii-restriction fragments of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella typhi chromosomal dna exhibited homology with the heat-labile enterotoxin (lt1) gene of escherichia coli as determined by southern blot analysis. a 9.4 kb hindiii restriction fragment identified in s. typhimurium and s. typhi chromosomal dna reacted with both elta and eltb gene probes. however, the homology of the 9.4 kb dna fragment from these salmonella species was greater with eltb than elta. in addition, a synthe ...	1991	2037224
purification and characterization of a new heat-stable enterotoxin produced by vibrio cholerae non-o1 serogroup hakata.	the possible production of a heat-stable enterotoxin (vc-h-st) by vibrio cholerae non-o1 serogroup hakata was investigated, and the purified vc-h-st was characterized. it has a unique amino acid sequence, lidcceiccnpacfgcln. this sequence is quite similar to that of the heat-stable enterotoxin (nag-st) produced by v. cholerae non-o1 except for one amino acid (leucine) residue excess at the n terminus. other characteristics, including biological activity, are compatible with those of nag-st.	1991	2037379
field trial of oral cholera vaccines in bangladesh: serum vibriocidal and antitoxic antibodies as markers of the risk of cholera.	the relationship of serum vibriocidal (vc) and igg anti-cholera toxin (ct) antibodies to the risk of cholera was evaluated during the first year of follow-up of recipients of three oral doses of b subunit (bs)-whole-cell vaccine, whole-cell vaccine, or escherichia coli k12 strain placebo in bangladesh. acute sera from 121 cholera patients were compared with sera from 2592 contemporaneous community controls. each doubling of vc titer was associated, on average, with a 22%-47% reduction of cholera ...	1991	2037789
strain specific sensitivity to diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis is maintained in hepatocytes of c3h/hen in equilibrium with c57bl/6n chimeric mice.	the c3h/hen (c3h) and c57bl/6n (c57) mouse strains are known, respectively, for their high and low susceptibility to both spontaneous and chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis. the present study was aimed at elucidating whether this difference is dependent on intrinsic features of the target hepatocytes or in the in vivo milieu and associated growth promoting factors to which the cells are exposed. c3h in equilibrium with c57 chimeric mice were produced and given injections of diethylnitrosami ...	1991	2040001
human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnancy.	many aspects of hiv infection in pregnancy remain unclear. subsets at increased risk for perinatal transmission, adverse pregnancy outcome, and development of symptomatic hiv infection need to be identified. for instance, relative risks may be quite different in asymptomatic hiv infected patients with t4 lymphocyte counts greater than 200 cells per cubic millimeter compared to those with either symptoms of hiv infection or t4 cell counts less than 200 cells per cubic millimeter. at present, anti ...	1991	2040117
experimental liver cysts induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene.	liver cyst formation was studied serially in an experimental model in which rats were fed a diet containing 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene, a carcinogen, for 6 weeks, followed by a normal diet for 42 weeks. cysts appeared in the portal tracts at the 12th week, by which time the intrahepatic bile ducts had also proliferated and dilated. some of the dilated bile ducts were cavernous or multicystic and appeared to represent a transitional form between the bile duct dilation and cystic formation. after ...	1991	2040399
production of monoclonal antibodies against a hemagglutinin/protease of vibrio cholerae non-01.	two hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against a hemagglutinin/protease (ha/p) from vibrio cholerae non-01 were produced and characterized. the two mabs contained the kappa light chain and were igg1 type. they similarly neutralized ha/p protease activity derived from both v. cholerae non-01 and v. cholerae 01, whereas they were unable to neutralize the hemagglutinating activity of ha/p, suggesting that the epitopes for protease and hemagglutination activities are differe ...	1991	2040430
abrogation of dominant glucose intolerance in sjl mice by a growth hormone transgene.	glucose tolerance was studied in transgenic mice (sjl x c57bl/6) expressing human gh under the control of a housekeeping promoter. parental sjl mice were found to harbour a dominant allele, termed here glid, determining glucose intolerance in pure-bred animals and in f1 hybrids with glucose-tolerant c57bl/6 mice. blood glucose levels in transgenic sjl x c57bl/6 hybrid mice were well controlled following glucose challenge, whereas non-transgenic hybrids failed to control their glucose adequately. ...	1991	2043241
detection of chlamydia trachomatis in first-void urine collected from men and women attending a venereal clinic.	cervical, urethral and first-void urine (fvu) specimens from 196 men and 245 women attending a venereal outpatient clinic were studied by culture and a commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) (chlamydiazyme). confirmatory chlamydial testing by a direct fluorescence assay (dfa) (microtrak) was performed on the sediments of the positive eia samples from culture-negative patients. chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 11% of the men and 12% of the women. of the women, 67% were positive in both sampli ...	1991	2043357
mind over muscle.		1991	2044511
sir frederick hobday memorial lecture. all wind and water: some progress in the study of equine gut motility.		1991	2044514
cardiac output during exercise in paraplegic subjects.	the purpose of this study was to measure the cardiac output using the co2 rebreathing method during submaximal and maximal arm cranking exercise in six male paraplegic subjects with a high level of spinal cord injury (hp). they were compared with eight able bodied subjects (ab) who were not trained in arm exercise. maximal o2 consumption (vo2max) was lower in hp (1.11.min, sd 0.1; 17.5 ml.min-1.kg-1, sd 4) than in ab (2.5 l.min-1, sd 0.6; 36.7 ml.min-1.kg, sd 10.7). maximal cardiac output was si ...	1991	2044535
effects of an endogenous ouabainlike compound on heart and aorta.	an endogenous ouabainlike compound (olc) has been purified from human plasma, and mass spectrometry has shown it to be indistinguishable from plant-derived ouabain. this human olc was tested for its effects on evoked tension in guinea pig left atria and aortic rings. the tissues were incubated at 37 degrees c in bicarbonate-buffered physiological salt solution gassed with 95% o2-5% co2. in atria stimulated electrically at 1 hz, 85 and 170 nm human olc increased peak active force to 177 +/- 15% a ...	1991	2045174
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease) gene and construction of an ha/protease-negative strain.	the structural gene hap for the extracellular hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease) of vibrio cholerae was cloned and sequenced. the cloned dna fragment contained a 1,827-bp open reading frame potentially encoding a 609-amino-acid polypeptide. the deduced protein contains a putative signal sequence followed by a large propeptide. the extracellular ha/protease consists of 414 amino acids with a computed molecular weight of 46,700. in the absence of protease inhibitors, this is processed to the 32- ...	1991	2045361
duodenal rapeseed oil infusion in early and midlactation cows. 1. intestinal apparent digestibility of fatty acids and lipids.	rapeseed oil was infused continuously into the duodenum of lactating dairy cows. five separate trials were conducted with differences in amount of oil infused (1.0 to 1.5 kg/d), in lactation stage (early to late), and in basal diet (corn or grass silages). the effects of lecithin addition (9 g/d) also were studied. oil infusion did not affect the apparent digestibility of defatted organic matter. fatty acid, ether extract, and total lipid digestibilities in control cows were 62 to 82%, 72 to 76% ...	1991	2045558
vibrio cholerae produces a second enterotoxin, which affects intestinal tight junctions.	attenuated vibrio cholerae vaccine strains specifically mutated in genes encoding cholera toxin (ct) are still capable of causing mild to moderate diarrhea. culture supernatants of v. cholerae strains, both ct-positive and ct-negative, were examined in ussing chambers, and a toxin was found that increases the permeability of the small intestinal mucosa by affecting the structure of the intercellular tight junction, or zonula occludens. the activity of this toxin is reversible, heat-labile, sensi ...	1991	2052603
regulatory cascade controls virulence in vibrio cholerae.	expression of more than 17 virulence genes in vibrio cholerae is under the coordinate control of the toxr protein. toxr is a transmembrane protein that binds to and activates the promoter of the operon encoding cholera toxin. as yet, the ability of toxr to activate directly other genes in this regulon has not been demonstrated. we have cloned a gene called toxt from v. cholerae 569b; the toxt gene product, like toxr, can activate the ctx promoter in escherichia coli. in addition, expression of o ...	1991	2052618
risk of transmission of cholera by foods.		1991	2054288
evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) analogues, the inhibitors for polyamine biosynthetic pathway.	metabolic and antiproliferative effects of methylglyoxal bis(butylamidinohydrazone) (mgbb) and methylglyoxal bis(cyclopentylamidinohydrazone) (mgbcp), inhibitors for polyamine biosynthetic pathway, on escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, aeromonas sobria, aeromonas hydrophila and vibrio cholerae were investigated. mgbb at the concentration of 100 mumol/l depleted intracellular putrescine and spermidine concentrations of e. coli to 25 and 20% of the controls, respectively, while mgbcp depressed the ...	1991	2055790
a method for studies of an el tor-associated antigen of vibrio cholerae o1.	a method for studying the biotype el tor associated mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin (msha) of v. cholerae o1 has been developed. by using crude msha adsorbed to chicken erythrocytes as solid phase antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), antisera against v. cholerae of the el tor biotype reacted in high titre with the msha-coated cells, whereas antisera against vibrios of the classical biotype did not bind significantly, i.e. in higher titre than pre-immune sera. the binding of ...	1991	2060759
cholera and cholera-like diarrhoeal diseases: why the differences in severity?	although vibrio cholera and several other enterotoxigenic bacteria such as the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli produce secretory diarrhoea by exactly the same mechanism, cholera is much more severe. it is proposed that this difference in severity may be because while the alkaline diarrhoeal fluid produced in these conditions is optimal for the growth of vibrio cholera, e. coli and other enterotoxigenic bacteria are inhibited.	1991	2062265
rubinstein-taybi syndrome with de novo reciprocal translocation t(2;16)(p13.3;p13.3).	we describe a girl with typical rubinstein-taybi syndrome with apparently balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosome 2 and 16. the patient has a condition characterized by mental retardation, typical facial manifestations, broad thumbs and first toes. cytogenetic studies of the patient showed a reciprocal translocation without visible deletion, karyotype: 46,xx, t(2;16)(p13.3;p13.3). her parents had normal chromosomes. these results suggest that the locus of the gene for the rubinstein ...	1991	2063911
epidermal cytokines and their roles in cutaneous wound healing.	cytokines are small proteins or glycoproteins which are synthesized and secreted by a variety of cell types. through binding to specific receptors on target cells, these hormone-like products regulate many normal cell activities, including growth and differentiation, migration and immune functions. within the epidermis, keratinocytes are the major source of cytokines along with melanocytes and langerhans cells. in response to a variety of injurious stimuli, including ultraviolet irradiation and ...	1991	2064935
effects of vibrio cholerae recombinant strains on rabbit ileum in vivo. enterotoxin production and myoelectric activity.	previous studies have identified the effects of vibrio cholerae and its enterotoxin, choleragen (ct a+b+), on the myoelectric activity of rabbit ileal loops in vivo. the response was defined as the migrating action potential complex, the single ring contraction that propels luminal contents aborad. in this study the same rabbit model is used to assess whether migrating action potential complex activity or fluid output is induced by recombinant strains of v. cholerae that produce no subunit of ch ...	1991	2065905
[surveys on the contamination of marine fish with non-o1 vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus and food poisoning cases by these organisms].	the present paper describes the relationship between the contamination with non-o1 vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus of marine fish, with special reference to the seasonal variation and the concentration of contamination, and the actual cases of domestic food poisoning by these organisms. a 10 year survey revealed that non-o1 vibrio cholerae (non-o1 v. cholerae) strains were frequently isolated from fish during the summer season with some variations from one year to another, and isolates from f ...	1991	2066602
cholera--new york, 1991.	through june 26, 1991, cholera has been reported from seven countries in the western hemisphere: brazil, chile, colombia, ecuador, mexico, peru, and the united states. in the united states, a total of 14 confirmed cases of epidemic-associated cholera have been reported among persons in florida (one) (1), georgia (one) (2), new jersey (eight) (1), and new york (four). this report summarizes information regarding the four cases reported in new york and describes a new laboratory procedure used to ...	1991	2072887
localization of protective epitopes within the pilin subunit of the vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus.	from a collection of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognize the native structure of the toxin-coregulated pilus of vibrio cholerae, two protective mabs (16.1 and 169.1) were used to localize the corresponding epitopes on the pilus. these mabs were shown to specifically recognize the carboxyl half of the tcpa pilin subunit, as determined by their recognition of proteolytic fragments and hybrid pilin proteins. the positions of the epitopes were precisely determined through the use of overlapp ...	1991	1702758
gmp-140 binds to a glycoprotein receptor on human neutrophils: evidence for a lectin-like interaction.	gmp-140 is a rapidly inducible receptor for neutrophils and monocytes expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells. it is a member of the selectin family of lectin-like cell surface molecules that mediate leukocyte adhesion. we used a radioligand binding assay to characterize the interaction of purified gmp-140 with human neutrophils. unstimulated neutrophils rapidly bound [125i]gmp-140 at 4 degrees c, reaching equilibrium in 10-15 min. binding was ca2+ dependent, reversible, and satur ...	1991	1704009
coagglutination test for rapid detection of salmonella enterotoxin.	the staphylococcal coagglutination (coa) test using staphylococcus aureus (cowan type-1) cells coated with antiserum against purified salmonella enterotoxin was standardized and carried out to screen salmonella serotypes for their enterotoxigenicity. of the 101 cell-free culture supernatants from an equal number of salmonella strains belonging to 15 different serotypes tested, 76 were found to be enterotoxigenic. all of the 24 strains which gave positive reactions in the rabbit ligated ileal loo ...	1991	1741910
risk of cholera transmission by foods.		1991	1742574
bacterial lipopolysaccharides alter human endothelial cell morphology in vitro independent of cytokine secretion.	lipopolysaccharides derived from six bacterial species were found to alter human endothelial cell morphology in vitro in a species-dependent and dose-dependent manner. lipopolysaccharides derived from salmonella enteritidis (selps) induced the strongest response, whereas lipopolysaccharides from vibrio cholerae produced no effect. cell-shape changes induced by selps (10 micrograms/ml) were noticeable by 24 hours and reached a maximum by 72 hours, thus paralleling the effects produced by the reco ...	1991	1744505
a hospital outbreak of cholera in dhaka, bangladesh.		1991	1750100
surveillance of patients attending a rural diarrhoea treatment centre in bangladesh.	in may 1983, a surveillance system was set up at a rural diarrhoea treatment centre of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b) to study a 20% systematic sample of all admissions. between may 1983 and april 1984, 2,635 patients were studied. a recognized enteric pathogen was detected in 69% of the patients screened, 15% of whom had a mixed infection. vibrio cholerae 0: 1 was the most common enteropathogen detected (39%), followed by enterotoxigenic escherich ...	1991	1750109
identification of vibrio cholerae by enzyme electrophoresis.	zymovar analysis of 260 strains of vibrio cholerae plus 3 reference strains of v. mimicus, using 13 structural loci, led to the grouping of strains in 73 zymovars (strain or group of strains sharing the same alleles). effective separation of strains, distinction of v. cholerae strains from closely related v. mimicus and the detection of 2 vibrio strains, including one with two o1 serovars, in supposedly pure collection cultures, illustrate the potential of zymovar analysis in the identification ...	1991	1755069
a polyclonal-monoclonal antibody based sensitive sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection of cholera toxin.	a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for specific detection of prototype cholera toxin (ct) elaborated by vibrio cholerae serovar o1 has been developed. the use of a high affinity monoclonal antibody (mab) for capturing of ct epitopes permitted a high efficiency. using this elisa, we sought in vitro production of ct from clinical strains of v. cholerae o1, non-o1 and from lt-producing e. coli. all culture supernatants of v. cholerae o1 were positive for ct whereas v. ch ...	1991	1755920
genetic analysis of the export of an extracellular dnase of vibrio cholerae using dnase-beta-lactamase fusions.	a series of c-terminal deletions of the dns-encoded extracellular deoxyribonuclease (dns) of vibrio cholerae, fused to the mature form tem beta-lactamase (bla) has been used to analyse the export of the dnase in both v. cholerae and escherichia coli. all hybrid proteins were localized to the periplasmic space in e. coli and v. cholerae, with specific cleavage of the dns-bla fusion occurring in v. cholerae. periplasmic accumulation of wt dns was also seen in v. cholerae when present on a multicop ...	1991	1761228
amylin is more potent and more effective than glucagon in raising plasma glucose concentration in fasted, anesthetized rats.	amylin is a 37 amino-acid peptide secreted from the pancreatic beta-cells. it has actions on carbohydrate metabolism in vivo, including elevation of blood glucose. in this study, the hyperglycemic effect of intravenous bolus injections of amylin was compared with similar injections of glucagon in 20-hour fasted rats lightly anesthetized with halothane. administered doses ranged from 0.01 micrograms to 1000 micrograms (about 7 pmol/kg--750 nmol/kg for amylin and 8 pmol/kg--800 pmol/kg for glucago ...	1991	1764079
transcription of the vibrio cholerae haemolysin gene, hlya, and cloning of a positive regulatory locus, hlyu.	transcription of the vibrio cholerae hlya gene, which encodes a cytotoxic haemolysin, has been investigated. the hlya transcript initiates 430 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the translational start site. hlya-cat transcriptional fusion constructs were active in v. cholerae but not in escherichia coli. an hlya-cat fusion was used to select, from a v. cholerae o17 plasmid library, a clone that could activate the hlya promoter in e. coli. this regulatory locus has been designated hlyu. hlyu appears t ...	1991	1766378
[development of a rehydration therapy in diarrheic disease. 1980].	intravenous rehydration is required only in patients with severe diarrhea due to v. cholerae who are in shock, with absent peripheral pulse and blood pressure; when the shock has been corrected, rehydration can be completed using an oral rehydration solution. the intravenous solution to be used is 5:4: 1 (5g of sodium chloride, 4g of sodium bicarbonate and 1g of potassium chloride per liter) or a comparable commercial alkaline solution. for oral rehydration a solution is used containing 3.5 g so ...	1991	1767034
effect of endocytic and metabolic inhibitors on the internalization and intracellular growth of brucella abortus in vero cells.	uptake, transfer to rough endoplasmic reticulum, and intracellular growth of brucella abortus were studied in vero cells treated with endocytic and metabolic inhibitors. infection of vero cells was suppressed when inhibitors of energy metabolism (iodoacetate, dinitrophenol), receptor-mediated endocytosis (monodansylcadaverine, amantadine, methylamine), or endosomal acidification (chloroquine, ammonium chloride, monensin) were added to the inoculum. inhibition was not observed when these drugs we ...	1991	1767988
cholera enterotoxin production in vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated from the environment and from humans in japan.	vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated from various sources in japan over the years 1977 through 1987 were examined to confirm the presence or absence of the cholera enterotoxin (ct) gene and production of ct and to determine the kappa-phage type. the ct gene was detected in none of 225 isolates from natural waters but was present in all of the 10 isolates from environmental waters implicated in domestic cholera cases, in 64 strains (26.6%) of the 241 isolates from imported seafoods, in 43 strains ...	1991	1768087
analysis of high psa n-cam expression during mammalian spinal cord and peripheral nervous system development.	using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes specifically a high polysialylated form of n-cam (high psa n-cam), the temporal and spatial expression of this molecule was studied in developing spinal cord and neural crest derivatives of mouse truncal region. temporal expression was analyzed on immunoblots of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (drgs) extracts microdissected at different developmental stages. analysis of the ratio of high psa n-cam to total n-cam indicated that sialylation and desia ...	1991	1769342
monitoring of potassium-stimulated catecholamine changes in striatal synaptosomal preparations and in corpus striatum of rats: a comparative voltammetric study.	voltammetric techniques were used to compare the effects of k(+)-induced depolarization on catecholamine levels in in vitro synaptosomal preparations of the corpus striatum with those in the in vivo corpus striatum of anaesthetized animals. in vitro, the catechol-oxidation currents could be recorded only in dopamine-preloaded synaptosomes. in isolated synaptosomes prepared in the presence of elevated concentrations of ca2+ (1 mmol.l-1) and na+ (135 mmol.l-1), k(+)-induced depolarization had vari ...	1991	1769519
amino-terminal domain of the el tor haemolysin of vibrio cholerae o1 is expressed in classical strains and is cytotoxic.	previous studies have shown that the classical isolates of vibrio cholerae possess an 11 bp deletion in the structural gene for the el tor haemolysin leading to the production of a 27 kda non-haemolytic truncated product hlya* compared to the 82 kda haemolysin, hlya. these studies were designed to assess whether this truncated product had any biological activity. a kmr cartridge was introduced into the hlya gene effectively eliminating the haemolysin. this was recombined into the chromosome of a ...	1991	1771972
[prevention and treatment of isoproterenol induced ventricular fibrillation in rats by aqueous extract of salvia miltiorrhiza].	acute fatal ventricular fibrillation (vf) in male sprague-dawley rats was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (1 mg or 5 mg/kg body weight) to two groups of rats of different body weights (525 +/- 21 g or 387 +/- 11 g) respectively. vf occurred in all control rats resulting in 96% death with only 4% spontaneously reverted and survived. pretreatment of animals, with or without pentobarbital anaesthesia, with an aqueous extract of salvia miltiorrhiza (sm-h, i.p., 5 g herb/kg body we ...	1991	1773471
mosaic trisomy 8 associated with jejunal duplication.		1991	1773546
chemicals associated with site-specific neoplasia in 1394 long-term carcinogenesis experiments in laboratory rodents.	the carcinogenicity data base used for this paper originated in the late 1960s by the national cancer institute and since 1978 has been continued and made more comprehensive by the national toxicology program. the extensive files contain among other sets of information detailed pathology data on more than 400 long-term (most often 24 month) chemical carcinogenesis studies, comprised of nearly 1600 individual experiments having at least 10 million tissue sections that have been evaluated for toxi ...	1991	1773796