Publications

guanine nucleotide binding proteins in the dual regulation of lacrimal function.	the purpose of this study was to identify and characterize functional g proteins that couple regulatory peptides with lacrimal secretory functions. membranes were prepared from isolated rat exorbital lacrimal gland acini, and guanosine 5'-triphosphate (gtp)-dependence of adenylyl cyclase activity, known to be coupled with regulation of secretion, was measured. the guanine nucleotide gtp produced a biphasic response in the activity of membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase during a 10 min incubation wit ...	1992	1464505
the diagnosis and treatment of cholera.	cholera is a diarrheal disease that results from colonization of the small intestine by the vibrio cholerae organism. the disease is spread primarily by means of fecal contamination of drinking water and may begin with the sudden onset of profuse, watery diarrhea. vomiting, rapid dehydration, acidosis, muscular cramps and circulatory collapse are other prominent features of severe cholera. diagnosis is confirmed by identification of the organism in a stool specimen. treatment requires immediate ...	1992	1465231
an oral b subunit: whole cell vaccine against cholera.	during the last decade there has been a rapid progress in the development of new, much improved vaccines against cholera. these vaccines, which are given orally to stimulate the gut mucosal immune system, are based on either a combination of purified cholera toxin b (binding) subunit and killed cholera vibrios of inaba and ogawa serotypes and el tor and classical biotypes (b subunit-whole cell vaccine, b-wc) or on a live attenuated mutant strain of vibrio cholerae producing the b subunit (cvd 10 ...	1992	1471411
identification of amino acid changes affecting yeast uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity by sequence analysis of hem12 mutant alleles.	the molecular basis of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase defect in eleven yeast 'uroporphyric' mutants was investigated. uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, an enzyme of the haem-biosynthetic pathway, catalyses the decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen to coproporphyrinogen and is encoded by the hem12 gene in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the mutations were identified by sequencing the mutant hem12 alleles amplified in vitro from genomic dna extracted from the mutant strains. four mutations lea ...	1992	1471989
human sperm proteins from testicular and epididymal origin that participate in fertilization: modulation of sperm binding to zona-free hamster oocytes, using monoclonal antibodies.	in order to identify human sperm surface proteins involved in the gamete recognition process, mouse monoclonal antibodies were directed against human spermatozoa and screened with live spermatozoa by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). immunoperoxidase staining of human testis showed the early presence of four corresponding proteins on germinal cells, while six were detected primarily in testis fluid. the presence of 17 proteins was evidenced in the epididymis. eight were detected with a ...	1992	1472377
resialylation of sialidase-treated sheep and human erythrocytes by trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase: restoration of complement resistance of desialylated sheep erythrocytes.	trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (ts) is a recently described enzyme which transfers alpha(2-3)-linked sialic acid from host-derived sialylated glycoconjugates to parasite surface molecules [schenkman et al. (1991) cell, 65, 1117]. we report here on the ability of ts to transfer sialic acid from donor sialyl-alpha(2-3)lactose to sialidase-treated sheep and human erythrocytes. up to approximately 50% resialylation of both desialylated red cells could be attained. resialylation of desialylated sh ...	1992	1472761
evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of cholera. infectious diseases society of america and the food and drug administration.	cholera is an acute gastrointestinal infection caused by vibrio cholerae. it is characterized by watery diarrhea that may lead to massive fluid loss, which in turn may result in hypotension, shock, and death within hours. key to the treatment of cholera is fluid replacement. anti-infective therapy decreases the severity and duration of diarrhea and the duration of shedding of v. cholerae. enrolled patients should have diarrhea that is moderate to severe and a culture that ultimately yields v. ch ...	1992	1477236
characterisation of non-01 vibrio cholera isolated from stools of diarrhoeal patients.	a characterisation of the biochemical and physiological properties of 30 strains of non 01 v. cholerae isolated from faecal samples, was undertaken. the strains consistently expressed a large number of characters that define them to be closer to the el tor biotype than their classical counterparts. they did not show much heterogeneity in their cultural and biochemical properties. the strains were strongly haemolysing (100%), haemagglutinating (96%) and also salt-tolerant, thereby acquiring a uni ...	1992	1478723
ultrastructural alterations of brain cortex in rat following intraperitoneal administration of mercuric chloride.	intraperitoneal administration of a single dose (6 mg/kg body weight) of mercuric chloride (hgcl2) results in ultrastructural changes in brain cortex of the rats. 18 hours after administration of hgcl2 the accumulation of dense deposits of mercury in nerve and glial cell cytoplasm was observed. the quantity of microglia in neuropil was also increased in this experimental group. we postulate that these cerebral macrophages can play an important role in the process of intoxication, too. 5 days aft ...	1992	1479187
neural mechanisms of pupillary abnormality following thalamic lesions: experimental lesion and stimulation studies in cats, and consideration of pupillary findings in thalamic vascular lesions.	neural mechanisms of the pupillary abnormality in thalamic lesions were experimentally studied in cats. moderate to considerable anisocoria appeared after kainic acid lesions involving the medial thalamus. the pupil on the side of the lesion was larger than its partner. only subtle or no pupillary inequality was produced by lateral thalamic lesions. electrical stimulation of the midline and medial thalamus evoked dilation bilaterally in sympathectomized pupils. thus, pupillary dilation produced ...	1992	1479196
structure and function of cholera toxin and the related escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.	cholera and the related escherichia coli-associated diarrheal disease are important problems confronting third world nations and any area where water supplies can become contaminated. the disease is extremely debilitating and may be fatal in the absence of treatment. symptoms are caused by the action of cholera toxin, secreted by the bacterium vibrio cholerae, or by a closely related heat-labile enterotoxin, produced by escherichia coli, that causes a milder, more common traveler's diarrhea. bot ...	1992	1480112
[body reaction to the action of laser radiation at a wave length of 0.44 nm].		1992	1481511
[an outbreak of cholera (el tor) in samarkand province, uzbekistan in 1990].	a group outbreak of cholera caused by vibrio eltor in the samarkand province++ in 1990 is analyzed. the retrospective analysis of the isolation of v. cholerae from water of surface reservoirs has been made. the study points out that since the cholera epidemic of 1985 v. cholerae avirulent strains, serogroup o1, have been periodically isolated in the samarkand province. the conclusion has been made that the isolation of even avirulent strains only from environmental objects is indicative of the u ...	1992	1481601
phosphorylation-associated conformation shift of anti-oncogene phosphoprotein p53 in concanavalin-a activated human t lymphocytes.	a new radioimmunoassay for p53, employing an anti-peptide antibody directed against conserved domain v, exhibited specificity for a relatively dephosphorylated form of p53. this form, correlated with the monoclonal antibody pab421+ conformation, appeared transiently in the cytosol of cycloheximide-treated t cells undergoing activation by concanavalin-a/serum. concurrently, there were decreased levels of p53 in the nucleus that correlated with increased phosphorylation of p53. after 90 min nuclea ...	1992	1482375
vip-immunoreactive nerve structures of the gastrointestinal tract in the developing and adult domestic duck.	the first appearance and distribution of vip-containing nerve structures were studied in the gut of embryonal, newly hatched and adult domestic ducks. immunoreactive structures appeared in the mesenchyme of the gizzard-duodenum junction (antrum) at 5 days of incubation, and soon after diffused both cranially and caudally. early in development, vip-positive cell bodies were more numerous than positive fibres, appearing 3 days before the latter. later on, the positive cell bodies decreased in numb ...	1992	1482601
an extended sql for temporal data management in clinical decision-support systems.	we are developing a database implementation to support temporal data management for the t-helper physician workstation, an advice system for protocol-based care of patients who have hiv disease. to understand the requirements for the temporal database, we have analyzed the types of temporal predicates found in clinical-trial protocols. we extend the standard relational data model in three ways to support these querying requirements. first, we incorporate timestamps into the two-dimensional relat ...	1992	1482853
chess: a computer-based system for providing information, referrals, decision support and social support to people facing medical and other health-related crises.	chess (the comprehensive health enhancement support system) is an interactive, computer-based system to support people facing health-related crises or concerns. chess provides information, referral to service providers, support in making tough decisions and networking to experts and others facing the same concerns. chess will improve access to health and human services for people who would otherwise face psychological, social, economic or geographic barriers to receiving services. chess has deve ...	1992	1482860
an application of least squares fit mapping to clinical classification.	this paper describes a unique approach, "least square fit mapping," to clinical data classification. we use large collections of human-assigned text-to-category matches as training sets to compute the correlations between physicians' terms and canonical concepts. a linear least squares fit (llsf) technique is employed to obtain a mapping function which optimally fits the known matches given in a training set and probabilistically captures the unknown matches for arbitrary texts. we tested our me ...	1992	1482917
an evaluation of concept based latent semantic indexing for clinical information retrieval.	latent semantic indexing (lsi) of surgical case report text using icd-9-cm procedure codes and index terms was evaluated. the precision-recall performance of this two-step matrix retrieval process was compared with the smart document retrieval system, surface word matching, and humanly assigned procedure codes. human coding performed best, two-step lsi did less well than surface matching or smart. this evaluation suggests that concept-based lsi may be compromised by its two-stage nature and its ...	1992	1482949
the hha protein from escherichia coli is highly homologous to the ymoa protein from yersinia enterocolitica.		1992	1484495
ecology and distribution of toxigenic vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments of a temperate region.	the occurrence of a human pathogen, vibrio cholerae, in aquatic environments and the distribution of toxigenic strains were studied for 2 years. the pathogen was isolated from freshwater, brackish and marine environments. v. cholerae non-01 was frequently recovered but the 01 serogroup was not detected. of the 57 environmental strains tested, eight (12%) were found to be potentially toxigenic. a number of atypical v. cholerae 01 strains were found which showed higher virulence potentials than th ...	1992	1488021
avoidance of endotoxin-induced inflammation during studies of albumin clearance from caprine joints.	intra-articular injection of radiolabelled, commercial goat serum albumin (gsa) produces acute arthritis in caprine joints. this inflammation distorts clearance values and vitiates studies of normal lymphatic function. endotoxin, routinely found in commercial albumin preparations, appears to cause this local reaction. we describe a simple method for the preparation of low-endotoxin, radioiodinated serum albumin from aseptically collected serum. we have used this technique to prepare gsa for use ...	1992	1489542
analysis of the glucose transporter content of islet cell lines: implications for glucose-stimulated insulin release.	glucose transport across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells is mediated by a family of homologous proteins. each glucose transporter isoform has a specific tissue distribution which relates to that tissue's demand for glucose. the beta-cells of pancreatic islets are known to express a distinct glucose transporter isoform, termed glut 2, which has a high km for glucose. in this study, we examined the glucose transporter content of normal rat islets and three beta cell lines, beta-tc, hit and ...	1992	1489658
characterization, specificity, and igv gene usage of anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies from perinatal mice.	previous studies have shown that cd5+ b cells predominate during development of the immune system and frequently secrete self-reactive antibodies, some of which appear to influence the development of the adult b cell repertoire. in addition, we now show that a high frequency of perinatally derived antibodies react with lymphocytes. hybridomas derived from perinatal liver and splenic b cells and from spleens of adult balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were screened by immunofluorescence on thymocytes. anti- ...	1992	1489727
the appearance and role of gamma delta t cells in the peritoneal cavity and liver during primary infection with listeria monocytogenes in rats.	we have previously reported that gamma delta t cells play important roles in protection during the early stage of infection with listeria monocytogenes in mice. to generalize the protective roles of gamma delta t cells in listerial infection to different species, we examined the appearance of gamma delta t cells during infection with l. monocytogenes in fisher f344 rats. the numbers of bacteria in the peritoneal cavity and liver increased to a maximum level on day 3 and then decreased to an unde ...	1992	1489731
[features of vibrio cholerae 0:1 el tor, inaba serotype, isolated during the cholera epidemic in cartagena (colombia)].	cholera is an infectious transmissible disease characterized by the development of secretory diarrhea and that presents in epidemic and endemic forms. in latin-america we are currently seen what could be the eight pandemic in cholera history, due to vibrio cholerae 0:1 el tor, inaba serotype, infection. in the present preliminary study we analyze 300 patients with a clinical picture suggesting cholerae. in 250 cases, vibrio cholerae 0:1 strains were isolated. the identification was made using ma ...	1992	1489792
[the suicide phenomenon and fermentative metabolic activity in strains of the aeromonas group isolated from feces].	we study the "suicide" phenomena as well as metabolic pathways of mixed acids (methyl red test, mr) and butylene glycol (voges-proskauer, vp), in 107 strains belonging to mesophilic aeromonas group, isolated from stools. the strains have been identified as a. hydrophila, 28 cases (26.1%), a. sobria 26 cases (24.3%) and a. caviae 53 cases (49.6%). all a. caviae strains behave homogeneously as f+, rm+ and vp-, independently of temperature (30 or 37 degrees c). a. hydrophila strains only showed the ...	1992	1489794
[resistance to antibiotics of vibrio cholerae strains isolated in angola].	among 87 strains of vibrio choleare (78 ogawa serotype and 9 inaba serotype strains) isolated in angola in 1987-1990, 86% exhibited multiple resistance to antimicrobials. eighty-four to 86% of strains were resistant to ampicillin with beta-lactamase production (mic greater than or equal to 512 mg/l), streptomycin (mic greater than or equal to 64 mg/l), spectinomycin (mic greater than or equal to 1,024 mg/l), and trimethoprime-sulfisoxazole (mic greater than 1,024 mg/l). seventy-four per cent of ...	1992	1495844
[the absence of differences between el tor cholera and classic cholera].		1992	1496887
[habitual presence of non-01 vibrio cholerae in the aquatic environment].		1992	1498185
a simple electrophoretic method for separating elevated liver and bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma after neuraminidase treatment.		1992	1499140
safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr live oral cholera vaccine in swiss adults.	adult volunteers received a booster dose (4 x 10(8) cfu) of attenuated vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr oral vaccine 15 or 24 months after primary immunization. the immune response was modest, presumably due to rapid clearance of the vaccine strain by a primed immune system.	1992	1500200
use of polymerase chain reaction for detection of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 strains from the latin american cholera epidemic.	in january 1991, an outbreak of cholera started in peru and spread throughout most of latin america within 8 months. as of march 1992, over 450,000 cases and approximately 4,000 deaths have been reported to the pan american health organization. the causative organism is toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 of the el tor biotype and is distinct from the u.s. gulf coast strains. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that amplifies a 564-bp fragment of the cholera toxin a subunit gene (ctxa) was used to identi ...	1992	1500520
thrombin induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor mrna in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture.	we have previously reported that incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) with human alpha-thrombin causes a time- and concentration-dependent increase in secreted plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (pai-1) activity (gelehrter td, sznycer-laszuk r. j clin invest 1986;77:165-9). here we report that the regulation of pai-1 activity by thrombin is secondary to the thrombin-induced increase in pai-1 mrna accumulation. incubation of huvecs for 6 to 24 hours with 0.3 to 1.0 u/ ...	1992	1500822
lactoferrin binding properties of vibrio cholerae.	the lactoferrin binding properties of vibrio cholerae, a non-invasive pathogen were investigated. screening of fifty v. cholerae strains of different serogroups and serotypes, showed that 10% of the v. cholerae strains bound to 125i-labelled lactoferrin, and 40% of the 125i-labelled lactoferrin bound to v. cholerae strain 623 could be displaced by unlabelled lactoferrin. other iron-binding glycoproteins and ferroproteins like ferritin, transferrin, haemoglobin, and myoglobin inhibited the bindin ...	1992	1501595
current topic: proteolysis in the penetration phase of the implantation process.		1992	1502134
crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of antigenic composition of b-subunit/whole-cell and whole-cell only killed oral cholera vaccines.	crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to identify antigens preserved in the whole-cell component of oral cholera vaccines tested in the field trial in bangladesh. the composition and immunogenicity of the vaccine antigens were compared with those of antigens obtained from live cells of vibrio cholerae 01 of both biovars and serovars. the whole-cell component of the vaccine contained ten antigens in comparison with the live vibrio cells which revealed the presence of 30 antigens. the whole-cell ...	1992	1502836
interaction of vibrio cholerae cells with beta-lactam antibiotics: emergence of resistant cells at a high frequency.	unlike other gram-negative enteric bacteria, vibrio cholerae cells were equally susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin and in general more susceptible than escherichia coli to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics. the turbidity of penicillin-treated cultures contained to increase exponentially for about 3 h, although the cell viability declined rapidly within 30 min of penicillin addition. prolonged treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics produced cells resistant to these antibiotics. a fluctuat ...	1992	1503441
serovar, biotype, phage type, toxigenicity & antibiotic susceptibility patterns of vibrio cholerae isolated during two consecutive cholera seasons (1989-90) in calcutta.	characteristics of v. cholerae isolated from patients of acute secretory diarrhoea admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta during two consecutive cholera seasons (1989 and 1990), with special emphasis on biotyping and toxigenicity, were investigated. the isolation rates of v. cholerae during 1989 and 1990 were 78 and 85.1 per cent respectively, with inaba serotype dominating in 1989 and ogawa in 1990. all the v. cholerae 01 strains isolated in this study belonged to biotype eltor ...	1992	1506061
cholera associated with international travel, 1992.	approximately one case of cholera per week is being reported in the united states. most of these cases have been acquired during international travel and involve persons who return to their homelands to visit family or foreign nationals visiting relatives in the united states. this report summarizes case reports from four states during 1992.	1992	1513302
reassessment of the prevalence of heat-stable enterotoxin (nag-st) among environmental vibrio cholerae non-o1 strains isolated from calcutta, india, by using a nag-st dna probe.	a collection of 521 environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae which were previously examined by the suckling mouse assay and found to be negative for the heat-stable enterotoxin nag-st were reassessed by a recently developed dna probe for nag-st. a total of 12 (2.3%) of the isolates hybridized with the nag-st probe. by using a cholera toxin (ct) dna probe, the ct gene was detected in six of the strains in the collection, although none of the isolates of v. cholerae non-o1 hybridized with both of ...	1992	1514795
[sensitivity of vibrio and aeromonas to antibiotics].	the antibiotic sensitivity of 696 cultures belonging to the family vibrionaceae (v. cholerae o1, v. cholerae non-o1, v. albensis, v. parahaemolyticus, v. alginolyticus and aeromonas spp.) was studied and general regularities of the antibiotic sensitivity were shown: a high sensitivity to broad-spectrum antibiotics (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) and a low sensitivity to ++beta lactams (carbenicillin and ampicillin). the comparative examinations revealed similarity in the antibioticograms of v ...	1992	1514858
antibodies to outer membrane proteins of vibrio cholerae induce protection by inhibition of intestinal colonization of vibrios.	an antiserum was raised against the outer membrane (om) preparation of a vibrio cholerae 01 strain (classical, ogawa) and rendered specific for the outer membrane proteins (omps) by absorption with its lipopolysaccharide (lps). the anti-omp serum showed reactivity against om preparations of other 01 and non-01 v. cholerae strains in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the antiserum also induced significant protection against v. cholerae challenge in the suckling mouse model. this protection was f ...	1992	1515155
purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae and salmonella typhimurium lt2.	the nanh genes of vibrio cholerae and salmonella typhimurium lt2 coding neuraminidase were cloned separately in escherichia coli, and the expression products purified. single crystals of the v. cholerae neuraminidase were obtained using the hanging drop vapour diffusion method with polyethylene glycol as precipitant at ph 7.2. the crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit cell dimensions a = 71.9 a, b = 79.0 a, c = 165.7 a, and with one molecule in the asymmetric u ...	1992	1518058
breast feeding and oral rehydration at home during diarrhoea to prevent dehydration.	in a case-control study we evaluated the role of maternal behaviour, as reflected in maintenance of breast feeding and the use of oral rehydration therapy (ort) at home during acute diarrhoea, in preventing dehydration in infants and young children. a systematic 5% sample was taken of all children aged 1-35 months attending the treatment centre of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, with acute watery diarrhoea of six days or less between august 1988 and septembe ...	1992	1520006
evidence for the existence of a restriction-modification system common to several species of the family vibrionaceae.	a broad-host-range vibriophage kvp40 originally isolated on vibrio parahaemolyticus 1010 was restricted and modified by strains of at least five vibrio and one photobacterium species. 1010 was a non-restricting host. an anti-restriction mutant kvp40 aar1 was isolated after propagating the phage on a restricting host, v. anguillarum vib36. kvp40 aar1 grown on either 1010 or vib36, as well as the parental phage grown on vib36, showed much higher efficiencies of plating on all the restricting hosts ...	1992	1521769
a convenient synthesis of n-succinimidyl-3-iodo-[125i]benzoate, a reagent for protein iodination.	a convenient procedure has been developed for the synthesis of n-succinimidyl-3-iodo-[125i]benzoate. the procedure involved the synthesis of chloromercuribenzoic acid, its esterification with n-hydroxysuccinimide (nhs) and exchanging the mercury moiety with radioactive iodine in the presence of an oxidant. the obtained product was attached to human serum albumin and its stability was compared with chloramine-t (ch-t) radioiodinated protein. the results indicated that the reagent-radiolabeled pro ...	1992	1522025
enteropathogenicity of non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 for adult mice.	the enteropathogenic potential of 32 vibrio cholerae o1 isolates that do not produce cholera toxin was examined in the orally inoculated, sealed adult mouse model. live cultures (2 x 10(10) cfu/ml) of 7/16 clinical and 6/16 environmental isolates produced a positive intestinal fluid accumulation (fa) ratio that reached near maximum at approximately 5 h post-inoculation. colony hybridization did not detect genes for cholera toxin, escherichia coli heat-labile and heat-stable toxins, or shiga-like ...	1992	1522800
effect of number of hens per nipple waterer on the performance of several strains of layers in cages.	two experiments were designed to study the effects of housing in cages with several hens per nipple waterer (hpn) ratios on performance of several strains of white leghorn pullets. in experiment 1, only body weight gain and water consumption were significantly affected by the hpn; hens at the 2:1 hpn gained more weight and consumed more water per day than those at the 4:1 hpn. the lack of a significant strain by hpn interaction indicated that the four strains responded similarly to the different ...	1992	1523178
effects of vitamin a on retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro.	human retinal pigment epithelial (rpe) cell monolayers were used in an in vitro wound-healing experiment. wound closure were studied over time in the presence of various concentrations of all-trans retinol (vitamin a). it was found that 5-20 micrograms/ml (17.5-70 mumol/l) of vitamin a significantly inhibited wound closure by inhibiting cell migration and proliferation. in a collagen gel-contraction model, similar doses of vitamin a partially inhibited cell contractility. cellular morphology, as ...	1992	1526732
onset and duration of protective immunity in challenged volunteers after vaccination with live oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr.	cvd 103-hgr is a live oral cholera vaccine that, in phase i and ii studies to date, has been well tolerated and immunogenic. in challenge studies of us volunteers conducted 4-5 weeks after vaccination, cvd 103-hgr provided significant protection against experimental cholera due to classical and el tor vibrio cholerae o1. to determine the onset and duration of protection, two volunteer challenge studies were conducted: the first, 6 months after vaccination and the second, 8 days after vaccination ...	1992	1527420
from the centers for disease control. cholera--international travel, 1992.		1992	1527866
low levels of coagulation inhibitors in patients with clostridium difficile infection.	to investigate levels of coagulation inhibitors in sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis, commercially available antigen assays were used for immunochemical determination of antithrombin iii, protein c and free protein s. sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis showed significantly lowered levels of all measured inhibitors as compared to controls (student's t test). protein c (mean +/- sd): 0.70 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.28 +/- ...	1992	1533851
polymorphism in the rd (d6s45) gene.	the rd (d6s45) gene in the class iii region of the hla major histocompatibility complex encodes a protein normally containing 24 consecutive basic-acidic dipeptide repeats. we determined the frequency of variations in the number of repeats by use of the polymerase chain reaction. of 107 subjects 7 (3.3%) carried genes encoding 22 or 23 repeats. there was no difference in the frequency of such polymorphisms between normal individuals and those with systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease associat ...	1992	1534063
vibriophage vca-3 as an epidemic strain marker for the u.s. gulf coast vibrio cholerae o1 clone.	toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae o1, el tor biotype strains, which are endemic to the u.s. gulf coast, can be lysogenic for bacteriophage vca-3. to evaluate the presence of vca-3 as an indicator of toxigenicity and as an epidemic strain marker, phage production and the presence of phage and cholera toxin genes were assayed in 98 strains of v. cholerae o1 (35 u.s. and 63 foreign strains). by using a hindiii chromosomal digest for southern blot analysis, 39 of the study strains hybridize ...	1992	1537896
from the centers for disease control. cholera associated with an international airline flight, 1992.		1992	1538525
a model for directed foreign gene delivery to rat liver cells in vivo.	a novel technique for directed delivery of retroviral genes to rat liver cells in vivo is described. vascular isolation of the liver was achieved in situ and perfusate containing retrovirus expressing the bacterial gene conferring resistance to hygromycin-b was delivered selectively to the posterior liver lobes. after 15 min, normal blood flow to the liver was restored. the portal venous branch supplying the two anterior liver lobes was ligated either at the same time (group i, n = 4) or 20 hr p ...	1992	1538595
risk factors for suicide attempts in a human immunodeficiency virus screening program.		1992	1539099
linkage analysis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (mody): genetic heterogeneity and nonpenetrance.	we have analyzed the inheritance of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (mody) on chromosome 20 in a large multigeneration family, the r.-w. family, and in two other mody families. of the four branches of the r.-w. pedigree which have been studied, two have documented early onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm), while there is no evidence of early onset in the other two branches. the early-onset branches have apparently inherited the same d20s16 allele from the affected paren ...	1992	1539597
phorbol ester inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor binding and tyrosine phosphorylation.	exposure of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) results in a 70-75% reduction in the specific binding of 125i-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) to its receptors. the pma-induced reduction in 125i-gm-csf binding is due to a decrease in the number of available gm-csf receptors, as derived from scatchard analysis of the binding data. on the other hand, the phorbol ester 4-alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4 alpha-pdd) fails to affect 1 ...	1992	1539618
biotin transport in microvillous membrane vesicles, cultured trophoblasts, and isolated perfused human placenta.	biotin, essential for normal fetal growth and development, must be transported across the placenta to reach the fetus. this study evaluated placental transport of biotin using microvillous membrane vesicles (mmv), cultured trophoblasts, and isolated perfused cotyledon. biotin uptake in mmv was stimulated by an inward na+ gradient. in the presence of na+, maximal stimulation was observed with cl-, among various anions. biotin uptake required 1 na+ per biotin molecule. kinetic analysis in mmv show ...	1992	1539622
5-ht2 receptor mrna is overexpressed in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells relative to normal aorta.	proliferation of smooth muscle cells in arteries is associated with contractile hypersensitivity to serotonin (5-ht). a possible explanation is that smooth muscle cells express increased numbers of phospholipase c (plc)-coupled 5-ht receptors (5-htr), which could mediate contractile and mitogenic signals via phosphatidylinositol turnover. to test this hypothesis, we performed a molecular characterization of 5-htr subtypes in normal aorta and passaged rat aortic smooth muscle cells (rasm) in cult ...	1992	1539623
modulation of macrophage hyperactivity improves survival in a burn-sepsis model.	macrophage hyperactivity with increased production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and prostaglandins has been demonstrated in the injured patient, but the effect of this on the clinical outcome is unclear. we studied the effect of combination interleukin 1 beta and indomethacin sodium therapy on macrophage hyperactivity and survival after sepsis in a murine burn model. macrophage interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production were all significan ...	1992	1540091
salmonella hadar associated with pet ducklings--connecticut, maryland, and pennsylvania, 1991.	the association between salmonella and pets, particularly birds and reptiles, is well established (1-4). in the spring of 1991, a cluster of salmonella infections in connecticut, maryland, and pennsylvania was linked to pet ducklings. this outbreak underscores the need for careful handling of pets, especially ducklings during the spring and easter seasons.	1992	1542292
in-vitro interaction between nitrofurantoin and vibrio cholerae dna.	in-vitro interaction of nitrofurantoin with v. cholerae dna resulted in a quenching and red spectral shift of the drug absorption pattern. scatchard analysis revealed that the drug binding involved more than one processes and that the strongest mode of binding was characterised by an association constant (k) of 5.04 x 10(6) m-1 and the number of binding sites per nucleotide (n) of 0.015. based on viscosity measurements, the mode of drug binding to dna appeared to be through intercalation, the he ...	1992	1547512
taxonomical implications of the emergence of high frequency of occurrence of 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine-resistant strains of vibrio cholerae from clinical cases of cholera in calcutta, india.	of the 110 consecutive isolates of vibrio cholerae recovered from cholera patients admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta, india, between july 1989 and october 1990, 90 and 82.7% were resistant to 10 and 150 micrograms of 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylpteridine (o/129), respectively. additionally, all o/129-resistant strains of v. cholerae were multiply resistant to antimicrobial agents. except in the cases of four strains, resistance to o/129 was invariably linked with resistance t ...	1992	1551995
differences between rats and rabbits in hepatic cytosolic glutathione s-transferase expression in response to nitrogen heterocycle and other inducers.	glutathione s-transferase (gst) expression was examined in hepatic cytosol from rats and rabbits treated with 4-picoline, pyrrole, pyridine, pyrazine, imidazole, or piperidine using enzymatic activity, sds-page, and immunoblot analyses and the results were compared to those obtained with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. sds-page and immunoblot analyses of hepatic cytosol prepared from rats treated with pyrazine revealed the induction of class alpha (ya and yc) and mu (yb) bands with a cor ...	1992	1553756
production of a conserved adhesin by the human gastroduodenal pathogen helicobacter pylori.	an adhesin protein with an approximate subunit molecular weight of 19,600 has been purified from the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori. the protein was loosely associated with the cell surface and was removed by gentle stirring or shearing. released aggregates of the 19.6-kda protein were removed from suspension by ultracentrifugation and separated from contaminating membranes by washing in 1.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). the sds-insoluble protein was purified further by mono q anion-excha ...	1992	1556073
synthesis of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine in trnas: 31p nmr studies show the labile selenium donor synthesized by the seld gene product contains selenium bonded to phosphorus.	an enzyme preparation from salmonella typhimurium catalyzes the conversion of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine in trnas to 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine when supplemented with selenide and atp. similar preparations from a salmonella mutant strain carrying a defective seld gene fail to catalyze this selenium substitution reaction. however, supplementation of the deficient enzyme preparation with the purified seld gene product (seld protein) restored synthesis of seleno-trnas. in the absenc ...	1992	1557403
[evaluate the hiv test correctly!].		1992	1557769
epileptogenic effects of skin extracts from the australian frog pseudophryne coriacea after intracerebral microinfusion in rats.	the behavioural and electrocortical (ecog) effects induced by a methanol extract of the skin of the australian frog pseudophryne coriacea, directly microinjected into several areas of the brain, were studied in freely moving rats. administration of the p. coriacea extract (5, 10, 15 and 20 micrograms) into the dorsal hippocampus produced a dose-dependent and reversible behavioural stimulation and ecog spikes lasting 20-140 min. similar but less intense effects were elicited in rats receiving inj ...	1992	1557788
endocrine responses in cows milked by hand and machine.	plasma concentrations of oxytocin, prolactin, and cortisol were compared in five swedish red and white cows milked by hand versus machine. cows were divided into two groups. one group was hand-milked; the other group was machine-milked. treatments were switched every other day. the experiment was carried out for 6 d. blood samples were taken prior to, during, and after milking and were assayed for hormones. more oxytocin and prolactin were released in hand-milked cows. there were no significant ...	1992	1560139
co-ordinate expression of virulence genes by toxr in vibrio cholerae.	evolution of complex regulatory pathways that control virulence factor expression in pathogenic bacteria indicates the importance to these organisms of being able to distinguish time and place. in the human intestinal pathogen vibrio cholerae, control over many virulence genes identified to date is the responsibility of the toxr protein. toxr, in conjunction with a second regulatory protein called toxs, directly activates the genes encoding the cholera toxin; other toxr regulated genes are not a ...	1992	1560773
is deafness after meningitis increasing?		1992	1562378
stereochemistry of the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by endoglucanase z from erwinia chrysanthemi.	endoglucanase z from the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi (strain 3937) was purified by affinity chromatography on microcrystalline cellulose avicel ph101. a kinetic characterization using p-nitrophenyl beta-d-cellobioside and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-lactosde as substrates was conducted: endoglucanase z exhibited km values of 3 mm and 7.5 mm and vm values of 129 and 40 nmol.min-1.mg-1 towards p-nitrophenyl beta-d-cellobioside (kcat = 0.1 s-1) and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-lactoside (kcat = ...	1992	1563515
[aids and mycoplasma infection: what is the connection?].		1992	1563670
a specific sequence of stimulation is required to induce synthesis of the antimicrobial molecule nitric oxide by mouse macrophages.	nitric oxide production by macrophages required either simultaneous or sequential exposure to gamma interferon and lipopolysaccharide; exposure to lipopolysaccharide followed by exposure to gamma interferon gave little response. the apparently evanescent nature of the lipopolysaccharide signal, necessitating persistent stimulation, could be essential to down-regulating nitric oxide production after bacteria are cleared in vivo.	1992	1563802
a comparative study of the kinetic changes of hemopoietic stem cells in mice infected with lethal and non-lethal malaria.	the kinetic changes of hemopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and spleen were compared between lethal plasmodium berghei- and non-lethal p. yoelii 17x-infected mice. p. yoelii 17x-infected mice showed more severe splenomegaly than those infected with p. berghei. p. yoelii 17x-infected mice also showed a greater degree of sustained increase in number of multipotent hemopoietic stem cells (colony-forming units in spleen: cfu-s) and committed stem cells for granulocytes and macrophages (cfu-gm) and ...	1992	1563919
the role of the mitochondrial creatine kinase system for myocardial function during ischemia and reperfusion.	the subcellular distribution of atp, adp, creatine phosphate and creatine was studied in normoxic control, isoprenaline-stimulated and potassium-arrested guinea-pig hearts as well as during ischemia and after reperfusion. the mitochondrial creatine phosphate/creatine ratio was closely correlated to the oxidative activity of the hearts. this was interpreted as an indication of a close coupling of mitochondrial creatine kinase to oxidative phosphorylation. to further investigate the functional cou ...	1992	1567884
coherence of frequency modulation is encoded by cochlear-generated distortion.	nonlinearities of the peripheral auditory system generate distortion products which present to the central auditory system as apparent acoustic stimuli. the frequency and amplitude of distortion products reflect the frequency, phase and amplitude relationship of the components of a complex stimulus. when the stimulus consists of harmonically-related primaries, the amplitudes of the major distortion products are a function of the relative phase of the presented (primary) tones. we have previously ...	1992	1568943
induction of primary antiphospholipid syndrome in mice by immunization with a human monoclonal anticardiolipin antibody (h-3).	antiphospholipid syndrome (apls) is characterized by thrombocytopenia, thromboembolic phenomena, and recurrent fetal loss, associated with anticardiolipin antibodies (aca) and/or lupus anticoagulant. the syndrome may be primary or may be associated with other conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus. we have previously shown the ability to induce apls in naive mice following passive transfer of serum and monoclonal acas. similarly we generated the secondary apls in balb/c mice following i ...	1992	1569194
dose-response of bacillus calmette-guerin in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.	although bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) has been recognized as an effective therapy for superficial bladder cancer, dose-response studies are not available. such studies are important because the administration of the vaccine is not devoid of significant side effects when the standard dose of 120 mg. is used. it has been speculated that smaller doses may be equally effective but carry fewer side effects. a controlled study comparing 2 doses of bcg was conducted as an initial step to explore this ...	1992	1569662
assignments of polymorphic loci on chromosome 13 refined by in situ hybridization.		1992	1572666
the acute effects of mk-801 on cerebral blood flow and tissue partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in conscious and alpha-chloralose anaesthetized rats.	the dynamic effects of the non-competitive n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, mk-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5h-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5,10-imine] , on cerebral blood flow and tissue partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide were investigated in the striatal and occipital regions of conscious and anaesthetized rats by mass spectrometry. mk-801 (0.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a large increase in the blood flow of both cerebral regions of conscious rats, without significant change ...	1992	1579219
safety and immunogenicity of different immunization regimens of cvd 103-hgr live oral cholera vaccine in soldiers and civilians in thailand.	attenuated vibrio cholerae oral vaccine cvd 103-hgr was well tolerated by 324 thai soldiers and civilians. most received a single 5 x 10(8) cfu dose, while 40 each received one or two 5 x 10(9) cfu doses. vibriocidal antibody (the best correlate of immunity) seroconversion was lower in soldiers than civilians (p less than .001). increasing the vaccine dose to 5 x 10(9) cfu raised the geometric mean titer (p less than .001). a second 5 x 10(9) cfu dose one week later did not notably increase sero ...	1992	1583321
detection and quantitative assessment of a vibrio cholerae o1 species in several foods by a novel enzyme immunoassay.	a selected antibody enzyme immunoassay (saeia) for the general detection of vibrio cholerae o1 species has been developed using the immunological reagents of a rabbit antiserum specific for v. cholerae o1 classical inaba 569b and immobilized cell fragments of v. cholerae o1 el tor 85p6, and beta-d-galactosidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin g as tracer. the saeia was specific for v. cholerae o1 species and showed low cross-reaction values to other microorganism species tested including ...	1992	1584068
detection of cholera toxin by a highly sensitive bead-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.	a bead-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (bead-elisa) for detection and quantification of cholera toxin (ct) in broth cultures of vibrio cholerae o1 has been developed. under optimal buffer and ph conditions the bead-elisa could consistently detect 40 pg/ml of ct. none of the ingredients of commonly used media for in vitro culture of v. cholerae o1 hindered the performance of the bead-elisa. evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of the bead-elisa against the commonly used reversed passiv ...	1992	1584072
construction and analysis of a vibrio cholerae delta-aminolevulinic acid auxotroph which confers protective immunity in a rabbit model.	vibrio cholerae cvd101 is a very effective live vaccine. although this strain does not produce active cholera toxin because of a mutation in the gene for the cholera toxin a subunit, it still shows residual pathogenicity. to attenuate cvd101 further, we set out to isolate derivatives of cvd101 which were limited in their ability to proliferate in vivo. two delta-aminolevulinic acid auxotrophs of cvd101, designated v286 and v287, were isolated by transposon mutagenesis and penicillin enrichment. ...	1992	1587587
presence of exposed phospholipids in the outer membrane of vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae 569b was found to be highly sensitive to a wide range of chemicals, particularly hydrophobic compounds and neutral and anionic detergents. the phospholipid profile of the outer membrane was similar to that reported for other gram-negative bacteria. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) contained o-antigenic sugars and exhibited heterogeneity. in addition, the lps moiety was characterized by a relatively low negative charge. analysis by topological probes revealed the presence of a signifi ...	1992	1588309
association of vibrio cholerae with fresh water amoebae.	an investigation was undertaken to determine whether acanthamoeba polyphaga shi and naegleria gruberi 1518/1e could affect the survival of various strains of vibrio cholerae in laboratory microcosms. in microcosms pre-inoculated with trophozoites of amoebae, all six strains of v. cholerae tested survived and multiplied during 24 h. in control microcosms without trophozoites of amoebae, survival of the v. cholerae strains was much decreased. two strains of v. cholerae were used to determine wheth ...	1992	1588578
[the ionized calcium in the blood of domestic chickens: dependence on age and sex].	in the present study concentration of ionized calcium and the correlation between total and ionized calcium in blood of domestic fowl and its dependence on age and sex were investigated. furthermore a possible influence of blood sampling procedure on the measured values was assessed. leghorn chickens of either sex, aged 3, 9, 25, and 80 weeks, respectively, were used. blood sampling was performed by vein-puncture and indwelling catheters, respectively, of both ulnaris vein and artery of animals ...	1992	1590033
salmonella senftenberg carrier state in a neonate following septicemia.		1992	1592510
roles of rpod, spoiif, spoiij, spoiin, and sin in regulation of bacillus subtilis stage ii sporulation-specific transcription.	bacillus subtilis strains containing defects in the sporulation gene spoiif (kina), spoiij (kina), or spoiin (ftsa) cannot transcribe the sigma e-dependent gene spoiid. results presented here and by other workers demonstrate that the spoiif, spoiij, and spoiin gene products control spoiid transcription indirectly by coordinating the induction of the spoiigab, spoiie, and spoiiac operons, which are required for sigma e synthesis and processing. sporulation competence and spoiigab, spoiie, and spo ...	1992	1592812
aetiological studies on hospital inpatients with secretory diarrhoea in calcutta.	twenty-five cases of all age groups with secretory diarrhoea admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta were studied. bacterial enteropathogens were detected by bacteriological examination of the faeces, in each and every case. the main pathogens detected were escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae. v cholerae was more commonly associated with severe illness except in the very young, while esch coli was equally associated with moderate and severe illness. multiple isolates were more co ...	1992	1593139
the highest gene concentrations in the human genome are in telomeric bands of metaphase chromosomes.	chromosome in situ suppression hybridization has been carried out on human metaphase chromosomes to localize the g+c-richest human dna fraction (which only represents 3.5% of the genome), as isolated by preparative equilibrium centrifugation in cs2so4/3,6-bis(acetatomercurimethyl)-1,4-dioxane density gradient. this fraction essentially corresponds to isochore family h3. the rationale for carrying out this experiment is that this isochore family has, by far, the highest gene concentration, the hi ...	1992	1594593
subtotal lesions of the amygdala: the rostral central nucleus in passive avoidance and ulceration.	rats received small bilateral electrolytic or ibotenate lesions of the rostral part of the amygdaloid central (race) or lateral (ral) nuclei, or caudal part of the basolateral nuclei (cbl), or electrolytic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus (hipp). all groups were tested in a drinking passive avoidance (pa) task that appears less sensitive to deficits in acquisition/retention or activity/spatial perception than are many other pa tasks, and more specifically sensitive to deficits in generation of ...	1992	1594678
analysis of the relationships between self-stimulation sniffing and brain-stimulation sniffing.	determination of current thresholds for self-stimulation and electrically elicited sniffing from electrodes placed into lateral hypothalamic and ventral tegmental areas of rats revealed a tight correlative relationship between the two phenomena (r values of approx 0.9 at both sites). thresholds for sniffing were never higher than those for self-stimulation, while approximately half the animals had higher self-stimulation than sniffing thresholds, suggesting that electrically elicited sniffing ma ...	1992	1594679
supporting health care workers in the treatment of hiv-infected patients.	the care of hiv-infected patients is demanding, raising concerns among health care workers regarding safety, competence, and emotional endurance. many health care workers are reluctant to undertake this challenging work. for many professions within health care, for example nursing, there is a clearly articulated responsibility to treat all ill individuals. less unanimity on this point continues among physicians. clearly, a first issue is to continue the discussion of the nature of physicians' pr ...	1992	1594701
pontine glioma extending to the ipsilateral cavernous sinus and meckel's cave: mr appearance.	the authors describe an exophytic glioma of the pons that grew into the meckel's cave and cavernous sinus in a 75-year-old man. pontine gliomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of a hyperintense, complex cystic mass seen along the distribution of cranial nerve v.	1992	1595473
sequential cranial mr findings of asymptomatic and neurologically symptomatic hiv+ subjects.	to compare results of a prospective mr and clinical reevaluation of hiv+ asymptomatic and neurologically symptomatic subjects who had had initially abnormal cranial studies to determine what cranial mr changes occur and how these changes correlate with serial neurologic and neuropsychologic findings.	1992	1595476