Publications

spirochetes in ticks and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer from connecticut, new york state, and north carolina.	ticks were screened for spirochetes and serum samples from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were assayed for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi during 1983-1984. using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit antibodies produced to b. burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, spirochetes were detected in ixodes dammini (10.5% of 1,193) and dermacentor albipictus (0.6% of 157) adults from connecticut, i. dammini nymphs (49.1% of 108) and adults (64.7% of 99) from armonk, new yo ...	1986	3520030
natural exposure of wisconsin dogs to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	lyme disease, a tick-borne disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi, has been described recently in dogs. in a serologic survey of specimens obtained from march to september 1984, 53% of 380 dogs from two usda licensed vendors in wisconsin were positive for indirect immunofluorescent antibodies to b. burgdorferi at a serum dilution of 1:64 or greater. b. burgdorferi was cultured from the blood of 8/111 dogs. these findings suggest that exposure to this spirochete is common in endemic areas and tha ...	1986	3523038
antigens of borrelia burgdorferi recognized during lyme disease. appearance of a new immunoglobulin m response and expansion of the immunoglobulin g response late in the illness.	using immunoblots, we identified proteins of borrelia burgdorferi bound by igm and igg antibodies during lyme disease. in 12 patients with early disease alone, both the igm and igg responses were restricted primarily to a 41-kd antigen. this limited response disappeared within several months. in contrast, among six patients with prolonged illness, the igm response to the 41-kd protein sometimes persisted for months to years, and late in the illness during arthritis, a new igm response sometimes ...	1986	3531237
immunoglobulin abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid and blood over the course of lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome).	the conditions of 5 patients with untreated lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome, probably equivalent to lyme disease) with serologically confirmed infection resulting from borrelia spirochetes were followed with repetitive lumbar punctures up to 221 days after the onset of symptoms. using a protein a plaque assay, high numbers of igg-, igm-, and iga-producing cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf), whereas there were mostly normal numbers of immunoglobulin-producing c ...	1986	3532931
[lyme disease].		1986	3538208
the enlarging spectrum of tick-borne spirochetoses: r. r. parker memorial address.	the author reviews his changing interest in tick-borne spirochetoses during his career (1951-1985) as a medical entomologist at the u.s. public health service's rocky mountain laboratory. the discoveries of relapsing fevers in the western united states in the 1930s and 1940s led to well-supported epidemiologic research, including studies on the relationships between vectors and spirochetes. when tick-borne relapsing fever in the united states was shown to be a relatively rare and readily treatab ...	1986	3541127
lyme disease.	although initially considered a localized epidemic form of arthritis. lyme disease is now known to have protean manifestation (skin, joint, heart, nervous system) and worldwide distribution. it is caused by infection with the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted by a variety of hard ticks and, in some localities, fleas. antigenic variation between isolates may determine the differences in clinical expression observed between cases in north america and europe. the reservoir in the ...	1986	3542350
evaluation of sera from patients with lyme disease in the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test for syphilis.	to determine whether the cross-reactivity between treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi affects the specificity of the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (fta-abs) test for syphilis, sera from patients with lyme disease or syphilis were examined in a quantitative fta-abs test. sera were diluted serially in phosphate-buffered saline, then in sorbent, and were tested with t. pallidum and b. burgdorferi antigens. nine of 40 sera from patients with known lyme disease were reactive at t ...	1986	3544256
cellular immune response in lyme disease: the response to mitogens, live borrelia burgdorferi, nk cell function and lymphocyte subsets.	although some manifestations of lyme disease may be secondary to the presence of b. burgdorferi, the immune system appears to play a significant role in the clinical manifestations of the disease. the humoral response is well characterized, however the cellular response remains poorly defined. to further define cellular immunity in lyme disease, the responses of lymphocytes from patients with active lyme disease were assessed to con a, pha, pwm, tetanus toxoid, and whole live b. burgdorferi. in ...	1986	2953150
[double infection with early summer meningoencephalitis virus and borrelia burgdorferi].	a 68-year-old woman developed a meningoencephalitis 18 days after a tick bite. igg and igm antibodies against tick-encephalitis virus were demonstrated, by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf). lymphoplasmocytic pleocytosis was present in csf for over six weeks, as was an increased igm level. three weeks after the onset of neurological symptoms and clearing of the encephalitis there occurred multiple peripheral pareses in the left leg which were slow t ...	1986	3011378
organization of genes encoding two outer membrane proteins of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi within a single transcriptional unit.	ospa and ospb are major outer membrane proteins and antigens of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. we examined the organization of ospa and ospb, the genes encoding these proteins. the location and direction of transcription of each osp gene was determined by subcloning, deletion analysis, and transposon tn5 mutagenesis. transposon tn5 insertions within the ospa gene abrogated expression of ospb, suggesting that these genes are transcribed from a common promoter. northern blot an ...	1986	3019889
lyme disease during pregnancy.	lyme disease is an increasingly recognized tick-borne illness caused by a spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. because the etiologic agent of lyme disease is a spirochete, there has been concern about the effect of maternal lyme disease on pregnancy outcome. we reviewed cases of lyme disease in pregnant women who were identified before knowledge of the pregnancy outcomes. nineteen cases were identified with onset between 1976 and 1984. eight of the women were affected during the first trimester, se ...	1986	2423719
erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease: diagnosis by monoclonal antibodies.	we demonstrated spirochetes from a skin lesion of the erythema chronicum migrans in a patient with lyme disease by the murine monoclonal antibody (h9724). frozen skin biopsy specimens reacted with murine monoclonal antibodies (h5332, h9724, and h4825) and were examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay. the spirochetes stained with monoclonal antibody h9724 and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated second antibody (goat antimouse igg). the antibody h9724 is specific for the periplasmic flagel ...	1986	2426315
comparative prevalence of babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in four populations of ixodes dammini in eastern massachusetts.	we determined the prevalence of babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in four populations of ixodes dammini in eastern massachusetts. the feulgen's reaction was more sensitive than the giemsa method for detecting salivarian babesia. a combination of darkfield and direct-fluorescent-antibody examination proved more sensitive than either method alone for detecting spirochetal infection. the prevalence of spirochetes was greater than the prevalence of babesia in each of the tick populations stud ...	1986	2430433
isolation of the outer envelope from borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi consists of an inner protoplasmic cylinder, containing the genome and cytoplasmic elements, surrounded by a number of axial filaments, all completely encased within a multiple-layered outer envelope structure (oe). in this study, a sodium dodecyl sulfate-mediated technique was used to isolate the oe from borrelia burgdorferi in an attempt to better understand this structure in terms of its antigenic reactivity to lyme disease patient sera. electron microscopic evidence sugge ...	1986	2437735
an ige response to spirochete antigen in patients with lyme disease.	most but not all lyme disease patients produce specific ige antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. development of ige antibodies paralleled that of other immunologic classes and appeared to be directed against a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 41,000. total serum ige levels in lyme disease patients were usually within the normal range in all stages of the disease. however, highly elevated total serum ige in certain patients were not correlated to any particular disease stage nor to specific ...	1986	2437736
diagnosis of lyme disease by demonstration of spirochetes in tissue biopsies.	in 14 patients with lyme disease skin biopsies, synovial specimens and a lymphnode showed lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, often perivascular. obliterative alterations of blood vessels and fibrinoid were characteristic for infection of synovium. spirochetes were demonstrated in all specimens by the bosma-steiner silver impregnation method. spirochetes were localized in dermal papilles and subepidermal zones of skin sections of ecma, in lymph vessels and collagen fibres. in synovia of patients with ...	1986	2437737
polymorphisms of major surface proteins of borrelia burgdorferi.	forty-five isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, were examined with monoclonal antibodies directed against the surface proteins, ospa and ospb. eighteen of 21 strains of european origin could be distinguished from 24 north american strains on the basis of their reactivities with two antibodies, one specific for an ospa protein and one specific for an ospb protein. differences in antibody reactivities were associated with differences in the electrophoretic migrati ...	1986	2437738
immunochemical and immunological analysis of european borrelia burgdorferi strains.	borrelia burgdorferi strains (n = 23), isolated from patients (n = 8) and ticks (n = 14), were analyzed by sds page and western blotting with monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera (rabbit immune serum and sera from patients). testing the 23 strains by sds page 9 different patterns of major protein bands were observed. in contrast to us strains some of our strains showed only weak or negative reactivity with the ospa specific monoclonal antibody h5332. analysis with polyclonal sera gave furth ...	1986	2437739
the emergence of lyme disease in a changing environment in north america and central europe.	lyme disease has recently begun to emerge as a significant threat to human health, both in europe and the united states. late sequellae, resembling those of neurosyphilis and multiple sclerosis, may occur many years after initial infection. spontaneous abortion accompanies arthritis, carditis and neuritis as burdensome short-term sequellae. thousands of new infections are recognized each year on each side of the atlantic, although reporting may be incomplete. the disease was described in europe ...	1986	3330512
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans with antecedent lyme disease in a california. case report.		1986	3577485
historical perspective of lyme disease.		1986	3554843
complete heart block due to lyme disease.		1986	3773971
[fatal meningoradiculoneuritis in lyme disease].		1986	2949237
[lyme disease. apropos of a case in children].	a case of lyme disease with purely neurological manifestations is reported in an 11 year-old girl. positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid serology allowed for diagnosis. treatment with penicillin led to favourable outcome. atypical manifestations and treatment of lyme disease are reviewed.	1986	3813800
lyme carditis. electrophysiologic and histopathologic study.	to further define the nature of lyme carditis, electrophysiologic study and endomyocardial biopsy were performed in a patient with lyme disease, whose principal cardiac manifestation was high-degree atrioventricular block. intracardiac recording demonstrated supra-hisian block and complete absence of an escape mechanism. gallium 67 scanning demonstrated myocardial uptake, and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed active lymphocytic myocarditis. a structure compatible with a spirocheta ...	1986	3776998
childhood lyme arthritis: experience in an endemic area.	we report 25 children with oligoarticular arthritis associated with lyme disease. there were 16 boys (male/female ratio 1.8:1); ages ranged from 2 to 15 years. thirteen (52%) children had no history of erythema chronicum migrans or other rash. thirteen had temperatures as high as 41 degrees c for up to 2 months before the onset of arthritis. twelve recalled definite tick bites. ten (40%) children, of whom seven had no history of rash, were hospitalized for presumed septic arthritis. another four ...	1986	3772655
[subacute tick-borne spirochetosis. lyme disease].		1986	3798428
lyme disease on the nsw central coast.		1986	3762468
[recurrent chronic erythema following treatment of lyme disease].		1986	2947121
lyme-disease meningitis treated with tetracycline.		1986	3752778
[lyme disease].		1986	3110978
spirochaetes, lyme disease, and multiple sclerosis.		1986	2876151
lyme disease simulating septic arthritis.		1986	3735647
cardiac involvement in lyme disease: manifestations and management.	cardiac involvement in lyme disease may manifest as atrioventricular block, myopericarditis, and left ventricular dysfunction. diagnosis depends on recognition of the systemic nature of lyme disease, including cardiac involvement, and its natural history. serologic tests that are both sensitive and specific may aid in diagnosis. although current recommendations for the treatment of lyme disease with carditis include antibiotics and salicylates or corticosteroids, these types of therapy have not ...	1986	3747616
chronic arthritis of the knee in lyme disease. review of the literature and report of two cases treated by synovectomy.	the arthritis that may be a part of lyme disease, a spirochetal infection transmitted by ticks, has not been widely reported in the orthopaedic literature. established chronic arthritis in patients who have lyme disease most commonly affects the knee and may cause erosive joint disease. antibiotics given early in the course of the disease can prevent chronic arthritis. when the arthritis is established, penicillin administered intravenously is curative in as many as 55 per cent of patients, but ...	1986	3745243
diagnosis and management of lyme disease.		1986	3534771
[lyme disease].		1986	3743437
polyneuritis cranialis in lyme disease.		1986	3746335
the usefulness of immunodiagnostic tests in the diagnosis of a case of lyme disease.		1986	3528244
lyme disease in a hampshire child.		1986	3089417
lyme disease: its neurologic manifestations and its presentation in wisconsin.		1986	3751101
lyme disease: an infectious disease which results from the bite of a certain species of tick.		1986	3751100
lyme disease on the nsw south coast.		1986	3724608
[acute atrioventricular block: lyme disease or coxsackie virus infection?].		1986	2942903
[erythema migrans disease (lyme disease, erythema migrans borreliosis)].		1986	3785032
lyme disease in kentucky.		1986	3701195
lyme disease mimicking secondary syphilis.		1986	3950103
lyme disease: epidemiologic characteristics of an outbreak in westchester county, ny.	epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 210 cases of lyme disease in westchester county, new york, reported during 1982 and 1983 are described. most cases occurred during summer months in individuals under age 40 (male: female ratio 1:2 to 1). symptoms included skin rash (75 per cent), joint pain or swelling (50 per cent), bell's palsy (11 per cent), and aseptic meningitis (3 per cent). with greater public and medical awareness of this tick-borne disease, lyme disease is being recognized ...	1986	3940454
[burgdorfer's borreliosis or lyme disease. the first luxembourg cases].		1986	3802363
bannwarth's syndrome and lyme disease in finland.	three patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis were admitted in 1983-84 to the department of neurology, university central hospital of helsinki. two patients had classical bannwarth's meningoradiculitis with facial diplegia, and a third patient showed a migrating arthralgia and cardiac involvement compatible with a diagnosis of lyme disease. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) showed initially in all patients a lymphocytic pleocytosis and increased protein with signs of intrathecal igg synthesis.	1986	3775270
lyme disease: epidemiology, etiology, clinical spectrum, diagnosis, and treatment.		1986	3331275
[lyme disease without arthritis: presence of antiborrelia burgdorferi antibodies in meningoradiculitis following chronic erythema migrans].		1985	2931689
[lyme disease: 2 new cases confirmed serologically].		1985	2933718
antigenic heterogeneity of european borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from patients and ticks.		1985	2582217
lyme disease spirochetes induce human and murine interleukin 1 production.	il 1 is a major immunoregulatory molecule produced by macrophages, and it appears to be the molecular orchestrator of nonspecific host defense mechanisms against a variety of environmental insults. many investigators have used artificial agents to stimulate macrophages to produce il 1. we now report production of large quantities of il 1 after a physiologic stimulus. the lyme disease spirochete, recently isolated and adapted for growth in vitro, was used to stimulate p388d1 cells or human periph ...	1985	2984284
[meningoradiculitis caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) after arthropod bite].	eight cases of meningoradiculitis (garin-bujadoux-bannwarth's syndrome) are presented; the first case followed an "unidentified insect" bite and erythema chronicum migrans, whereas the second and third cases were not preceded by any documented insect bite or erythema; they occurred during summer in 1984 and 1985 and were characterized by cranial or radicular neuritis, lymphocytic meningitis, positive serology by immunofluorescence against borrelia burgdorferi and a good response to penicillin (2 ...	1985	3008294
differences between lyme disease and european arthropod-borne borrelia infections.		1985	2857456
meningoradiculitis associated with infection by borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	2861356
lyme disease in patients previously suspected of arbovirus infection.		1985	2861536
meningoradiculitis associated with infections by borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	2862333
heterogeneity of major proteins in lyme disease borreliae: a molecular analysis of north american and european isolates.	we examined 46 isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease and related disorders, with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies. our attention was on the ospa proteins, which are major proteins of the spirochete. there were at least four discernible phenotypes of the ospa protein. while 25 north american isolates were, with one exception, homogeneous in the type of ospa protein that they produced, 21 european isolates were heterogeneous in the types ...	1985	2411827
antigen-specific proliferation of csf lymphocytes in lyme disease.	the neurologic manifestations of lyme disease include meningitis, radiculoneuritis, and cranial neuritis. in two patients, we investigated the proliferative response of csf and peripheral blood lymphocytes to protein antigens derived from the lyme disease spirochete. the response of csf lymphocytes was 5 to 10 times greater than that of peripheral blood lymphocytes. in contrast, in the one patient studied, lectin-induced proliferation was less in csf than in peripheral blood. these findings show ...	1985	2414686
lyme arthritis. spirochetes found in synovial microangiopathic lesions.	in 17 patients with lyme disease, synovial specimens, obtained by synovectomy or needle biopsy, showed nonspecific villous hypertrophy, synovial cell hyperplasia, prominent microvasculature, lymphoplasmacellular infiltration, and sometimes lymphoid follicles. the larger surgically obtained specimens also showed striking deposition of fibrin in synovial stroma and a form of endarteritis obliterans. in 2 patients, spirochetes were seen in and around blood vessels by the dieterle silver stain. comp ...	1985	3966535
demyelinating encephalopathy in lyme disease.	a 38-year-old man from southeastern connecticut developed a diffuse encephalopathy with partial complex seizures, followed weeks later by arthritis, cryoglobulinemia, and increased serum igm. ct showed confluent low-density lesions in the deep cerebral white matter consistent with demyelination. neither the encephalopathy nor the ct abnormalities improved. lyme disease was diagnosed serologically 4 years later.	1985	3969220
a single recombinant plasmid expressing two major outer surface proteins of the lyme disease spirochete.	a gene bank of dna from the lyme disease spirochete was constructed in the plasmid pbr322. plasmid ptrh32, a recombinant that in escherichia coli expresses the two major outer surface proteins of the lyme disease spirochete, was identified. one of the recombinant products, designated ospa, represents a surface protein that appears to be common to all lyme disease spirochetes, whereas the other recombinant product, designated ospb, represents a more variable surface protein. this recombinant plas ...	1985	3969554
illness associated with campylobacter laridis, a newly recognized campylobacter species.	campylobacter laridis, a recently described thermophilic campylobacter species found principally in seagulls, has not previously been linked to illness in humans. six clinical isolates of this species were referred to the national campylobacter reference laboratory in 1982 and 1983. each isolate was confirmed by biochemical characterization and by dna relatedness studies. the six isolates were obtained during an illness: enteritis in four, severe crampy abdominal pain in one, and terminal bacter ...	1985	3972989
the role of adult ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in the transmission of lyme disease in new jersey, usa.		1985	3981553
lyme disease in a 12-year-old girl.	we report the case of a 12-year-old girl with erythema chronicum migrans, aseptic meningitis and knee arthralgia. rise of specific antibody titre against an ixodes ricinus spirochaete was demonstrated. circulating immune complexes and high levels of c1r-c1s-c1ia complexes indicating activation of the complement system via the classical pathway were found. the clinical features and the laboratory findings warranted a diagnosis of lyme disease.	1985	3984718
mice as reservoirs of the lyme disease spirochete.	in evaluating the white-footed mouse as a reservoir host for the lyme disease spirochete, we compared spirochete infection in vector ticks (ixodes dammini) having different histories of attachment to these mice, estimated their relative importance as hosts for immature i. dammini and compared the seasonality of tick activity and spirochetemia in mice. infection in trapped white-footed mice appears to be universal. prevalence of spirochetal infection in i. dammini correlates with frequency of att ...	1985	3985277
borreliosis in dogs from southern connecticut.	blood samples were obtained from dogs in tick-infested regions of southern connecticut to assess canine exposure to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease in human beings. an indirect fluorescent antibody test detected immunoglobulin (ig)m antibodies at titers of 1:64 to 1:512 in 22 of 84 serum samples previously shown to be positive with a polyvalent rabbit anti-dog total ig conjugate. analyses of paired serum samples from 20 seropositive dogs revealed temporal differences in ...	1985	3997647
arthritis caused by borrelia burgdorferi in dogs.	from october 1982 to may 1984, we studied 34 dogs from the lyme, conn area that had a history of tick exposure and lameness associated with pain, warmth, and/or swelling in one or more joints. large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were seen in giemsa-stained smears of synovial fluid from 9 dogs, and spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) were found in 1 sample by darkfield microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. the geometric mean antibody titer to b burgdorferi in the 34 dogs was 1:2,70 ...	1985	3997648
surveillance of lyme disease in the united states, 1982.	lyme disease is a tick-borne illness that has been reported from three regions in the united states--the northeast, midwest, and west--which correspond to the distribution of the recognized vectors of the disease, ixodes dammini and ixodes pacificus. in 1982, a surveillance system designed to define the morbidity and geographic distribution for lyme disease by using a clinical case definition received information on 491 definite cases and 38 probable cases. of the definite cases, 489 were acquir ...	1985	3998509
isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from mammals in minnesota.	lyme disease spirochetes were isolated from the kidneys of two peromyscus spp. trapped in minnesota in september and october 1983. no spirochetes were isolated from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), red backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi), or shrews (sorexy cinereus and blarina brevicauda). this is the first report of the isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from the midwestern united states and isolations from these animals, which were free of ticks, suggest that the lyme disease ...	1985	4001130
maternal-fetal transmission of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	4003991
chemical and biologic characterization of a lipopolysaccharide extracted from the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	a lipopolysaccharide (lps) was isolated from the lyme disease spirochete by a modification of the hot phenol-water method. the material was composed of 45% carbohydrate, 8% protein, 44% lipid a, and 1% 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid and accounted for approximately 1.5% of the cellular dry weight. the isolated lps possessed several biologic activities characteristic of endotoxins. the lps was pyrogenic for rabbits, mitogenic for human mononuclear cells and murine splenocytes, capable of clotting ...	1985	4008983
[lyme disease in finland].		1985	4017911
lyme disease: commentary from europe.		1985	4022392
unilateral blindness caused by infection with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	4026085
lyme disease.		1985	4029451
serological evidence for simultaneous occurrences of lyme disease and babesiosis.	babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of lyme disease, are both transmitted by the tick ixodes dammini. serological evidence has shown that 54% of the patients with babesiosis tested have igg and igm antibodies to the spirochete causing lyme disease. likewise, 66% of randomly selected patients with lyme disease from geographic areas endemic for both diseases, but not from areas where babesiosis does not occur, also have igm and igg antibodies to b. microti. antigenic cr ...	1985	4031555
fatal pancarditis in a patient with coexistent lyme disease and babesiosis. demonstration of spirochetes in the myocardium.	a 66-year-old man developed fever, chills, myalgias, three erythematous skin lesions, and transient left eyelid lag. because of persistent fever, he was hospitalized 4 weeks after the onset of disease; a peripheral blood smear showed babesia microti in 3% of his erythrocytes. eighteen hours later, he died unexpectedly. autopsy showed pancarditis with a diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and spirochetes were found in the myocardium. antibody titers to both the lyme disease spirochete borrelia ...	1985	4040723
response of mononuclear cells to borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	4051366
facial paralysis in lyme disease.	lyme disease is a multisystemic illness caused by a tick-borne spirochete. once considered unique to the connecticut coastline, thousands of cases are now documented throughout the united states, northern europe, and australia. unilateral and bilateral facial paralysis may occur in up to 11% of patients with lyme disease. this paper reviews the clinical course, distinguishing features, and outcome of 124 such palsies in 101 patients seen between 1975 and 1984. the 99.2% spontaneous recovery rate ...	1985	4058212
[lyme disease--tick-borne borreliosis in hungary].		1985	4058917
isolation of spirochetes from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans in austria.	spirochetal organisms were isolated from biopsies (skin punches) of the erythematous anular skin lesion of three patients with erythema chronicum migrans. the organisms were cultivated in modified kelly's medium and - after an incubation period of 2 weeks - discovered by dark field microscopy (x 200). compared with the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi the organisms did not differ in shape, motility and reaction with polyclonal antiserum. differences to b. burgdorferi were found in (i) ver ...	1985	4060924
[etiologic and epidemiologic questions posed by erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease. apropos of 4 cases at the regional hospital center, rennes].	the authors give 4 observations, made in rennes (france), of 3 cases contracted in france and 1 in canada, cases they think to be related, for 3 at least, to the infectious entity described by american authors under the name of lyme disease. if 1 of these cases was limited to an erythema chronicum migrans, the 3 others showed a beginning evolution towards a classical lyme disease. in 2 of these 3 last cases, the infection was perhaps cut short by a quickly applied therapy by antibiotics. they di ...	1985	4075471
polyneuritis cranialis associated with borrelia burgdorferi.	three patients with classical idiopathic polyneuritis cranialis, in whom no other aetiology could be detected, were examined serologically, by means of indirect immunofluorescence test, for antibodies (igm and igg) against borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiologic agent of lyme disease. in each case polyneuritis cranialis was caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi. therapy with penicillin proved to be effective.	1985	4078585
antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in new england horses: serologic survey.	twelve of 50 randomly selected horses from areas endemic for borrelia burgdorferi had indirect fluorescent antibody titers of 1:8 to 1:2,048 against b burgdorferi. one of 50 horses from nonendemic areas had a titer of 1:8. this difference in the number of horses seropositive for b burgdorferi (p less than 0.002) and our finding that seropositive horses did not have agglutinating antibodies against potentially cross-reacting leptospira spp indicated that horses in endemic areas were exposed to b ...	1985	4083595
[acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans--a borreliosis!].	spirochetes were recovered from the skin lesions of two patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. both patients assume that they had a tick bite. sera from both patients showed increased igg-antibody titers to a borrelia burgdorferi strain isolated from the skin.	1985	4086299
[discovery of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi)].		1985	3842700
ecology of ixodes dammini-borne human babesiosis and lyme disease.		1985	3882050
the global distribution of lyme disease.	erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), the skin lesion characteristic of lyme disease, was first described in sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ecm have been reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. in europe cases have occurred within the range of ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ecm in europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito bites. in 1970 the first case of ecm acquired in the united states was reported, and in 1977, the full sym ...	1985	3885366
rapid serodiagnosis of leptospirosis using the igm-specific dot-elisa: comparison with the microscopic agglutination test.	the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (ma test) for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the republic of panama, 102 sera were positive in the ma test and 93 of these sera were positive in the igm-specific dot-elisa. incidence of infection was 50 of 68 patients with the ma test and 48 of 68 in the igm dot-elisa. five ma test-positive sera were reactive only in the igg-specific dot-elis ...	1985	3885773
babesiosis in wisconsin. a new focus of disease transmission.	a confirmed case of human babesiosis was identified in august 1983 in a 54-year-old asplenic wisconsin resident. babesia microti was identified as the causative agent by blood smear morphology and hamster inoculation techniques. the patient's wife had clinically confirmed lyme disease in 1981 and had serologic evidence (immunofluorescent antibody to a b microti titer of 1:1,024) of recent babesia infection in august 1983. mice (peromyscus species) trapped on the patients' property and elsewhere ...	1985	3886942
[meningopolyneuritis (garin-bujadoux, bannwarth) erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system transmitted by ticks].	the clinical spectrum of this remarkable non-syphilitic spirochaetosis (spirochaeta infection) of the nervous system is described in light of 53 further cases with reference to our earlier description of 47 cases. as the etiological diagnosis is not possible in all cases the knowledge of clinical courses is especially important. males are affected almost twice as often as women. the disease is especially prevalent in the sixth decade. usually, the syndrome begins in the warm season with exquisit ...	1985	3894183
the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus: a vector of borrelia burgdorferi.	to determine the significance of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, as a vector of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, a tick/spirochete survey was conducted in northern california and southwestern oregon from 1982 to 1984. of 1,687 adult ticks collected off vegetation, 25 (1.48%) contained spirochetes. of 715 ticks from oregon, 14 (1.96%) were infected whereas 11 (1.13%) of 972 ticks from california harbored spirochetes. an isolate of 1 of the spirochetes reacted sp ...	1985	3898886
erythema chronicum migrans afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. early and late manifestations of ixodes ricinus-borne borrelia spirochetes.	in the present thesis consecutive patients, 231 with ecma, 41 with aca and 20 with facial palsy (bell's palsy), have been studied. it has been shown that spirochetes, transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus, are involved in the etiology of ecma and aca. this has been shown through the isolation and cultivation of spirochetes from ticks and from the skin of patients with ecma and aca. the spirochetes have morphological characteristics similar to those of the genus borrelia. no antigenic difference ...	1985	3901647
isolation and characterization of the lyme disease spirochete from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans.	the lyme disease spirochete, which had previously been isolated with difficulty from human skin lesions of erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease, was grown from six of fourteen skin biopsies cultured in a newly modified kelly's medium. in two instances the lyme disease spirochetes that were grown were also seen in histopathologic sections. organisms grew in clumps in liquid culture medium. all six isolates reacted with a monoclonal antibody to a 31,000-dalton outer membrane protein. only th ...	1985	3902917
tick-borne borrelia infection in sweden.	spirochetes were cultivated from 17% of 114 ixodes ricinus ticks in the stockholm area. three strains of these spirochetes were selected for studies by electron microscopy. these three strains had definite morphological similarities to spirochetes of the genus borrelia, as judged by the number of flagella, absence of cytoplasmic tubules, and dimensions. the three strains were not identical, but seemed to consist of two different kinds of cells, one with eight and one with eleven flagella. the th ...	1985	3903977