Publications

greater risk of borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs than in people.		1988	3198950
serologic diagnosis of lyme disease.	indirect fluorescent antibody tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are being used as laboratory aids for the diagnosis of lyme disease and related disorders. depending on the needs, polyvalent or class-specific reagents can be used to detect total immunoglobulins (ig) or igm and igg antibodies. the sensitivities of these assays are relatively low when serum samples are obtained from patients within 3 weeks after onset of erythema migrans and are tested by either the ifa method or elisa. ...	1988	3056197
mammalian and avian reservoirs for borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3056198
first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, from ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in berlin (west).	in 1984, two human cases of tick-borne lyme borreliosis with considerable neurologic involvement were reported in berlin (west). the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis was serologically confirmed. the ticks which had transmitted the borrelia were from berlin (west). in the autumn of 1985, 156 ticks were collected in forests of berlin (west) for the cultural detection of spirochetes by using bsk ii medium. three strains of spirochetes were isolated (from a pooled sample of two nymphs, and samples of o ...	1988	3213319
infections following tickbites. tick-borne encephalitis and lyme borreliosis--a prospective epidemiological study from tyrol.	we present here a prospective study on infections following tickbites in military recruits in the province of tyrol (austria). 84 recruits experienced tickbites and underwent clinical and serological examination twice at four-week intervals for signs of tick borne encephalitis (tbe)-virus or borrelia burgdorferi infections. 56 and 50 recruits could be evaluated for tbe-virus and borrelia infection, respectively. whereas no recruit was found with clinical or laboratory evidence of tbe-virus infec ...	1988	3215687
[multiple neurologic manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi infection].	the neurological spectrum of borrelia burgdorferi infections is still enlarging. we review epidemiological, pathological and serological data of lyme disease. the course of the disease is divided in three stages: stage 1 during the first month is characterised by erythema chronicum migrans and associated manifestations; stage 2 includes not only the classical european meningoradiculitis but also less specific neurological symptoms: isolated lymphocytic meningitis with an acute or even relapsing ...	1988	3070690
[cutaneous b cell lymphoma in chronic borrelia burgdorferi infection. report of 2 cases and a review of the literature].	low-grade malignant b-cell lymphomas of the skin can be distinguished from lymphadenosis benigna cutis (bäfverstedt) by immunohistological methods developed in the last few years. its coexistence with borrelia burgdorferi infection can be shown by clinical and serological findings. in the chronic stage of this infection, lymphocytic cell infiltrations consistent with histological and immunohistological findings of malignant b-cell lymphoma can be found. predominantly at the extremities, multiple ...	1988	3072322
[thrombocytopenic purpura caused by borrelia burgdorferi?].	in november 1983 a woman born in 1902 was found to have thrombocytopenic purpura with a platelet count of 14,000/microliter. examination of the sternal marrow resulted in a suspected diagnosis of werlhof's disease. platelet counts dropped at times to below 7,000/microliter during immunosuppressive treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine of three months' duration. when this treatment was discontinued spontaneous remission occurred until july 1984. acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans was d ...	1988	3133191
[transmission of borrelia burgdorferi from nymphs to imago in the tick ixodes persulcatus schulze].		1988	3229314
borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis.	this investigation defined the extent of borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis. white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus or p. maniculatis, were captured from sites in wisconsin, minnesota, and iowa and cultured for b. burgdorferi to define the local boundaries of the midwestern lyme disease area. all foci of b. burgdorferi infection (n1, n2, n3, and n4) were located north of interstate highway 90 except focus s2, which was south of the highway near fort mccoy, wis. the interst ...	1988	3230137
[acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans and sclerodermiform skin changes in borrelia infection].	a female patient with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and widespread sclerodermiform skin lesions with a high igg antibody titer against borrelia burgdorferi is presented. the rapid improvement after high-dose penicillin g therapy and the course of the borrelia antibody titer suggest a persistence of the causative organism.	1988	3235338
the use of doxycycline in nervous system borrelia burgdorferi infection.	alternatives to high dose benzylpenicillin treatment are sought for in patients with mild borrelia burgdorferi nervous system infection. doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10-20 days was used in nine patients with radicular pains, vertigo or weakness in the legs caused by b. burgdorferi infection. the patients had suffered from neurologic symptoms for a median time of five months. in eight patients doxycycline was orally administered and in one intravenously. all nine patients had remission of r ...	1988	3166545
acquired transient autoimmune reactions in lyme arthritis: correlation between rheumatoid factor and disease activity.	lyme spirochaetal disease (lsd) is a complex multisystem disorder which has been recognized as a separate entity due to its close geographic clustering of affected patients. the study aimed at evaluating the clinical and immunological features of lsd with chronic symptoms of meningoradiculitis, carditis and pauciarticular arthritis. six patients with lsd and erosive arthritis who developed an increase of serum igm rheumatoid factor (rf) which correlated with the inflammatory activity of the dise ...	1988	3238365
[determination of serum antibody to burgdorferi spirrila and its clinical application in lyme disease].		1988	3242760
borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patients with relapsing/remitting form and chronic progressive form of multiple sclerosis.	sera of 106 multiple sclerosis patients and 103 closely matched controls were examined for borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. the prevalence rate in multiple sclerosis patients was 14.2%, in controls 25.2%. overall prevalence was 20.1%. mean igg antibody level was insignificantly higher in controls than in multiple sclerosis patients. patients with a chronic progressive course of multiple sclerosis had an insignificantly higher mean borrelia antibody level, when compared with those suffering from ...	1988	3225603
[the clinical and serologic investigation in 15 cases of lyme disease].		1988	3246194
[etiologic diagnosis of cases of autochthonous borrelia burgdorferi infection (lyme disease)].		1988	3249895
complete heart block in a dog seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi. similarity to human lyme carditis.	lyme disease has been recognized in humans since 1975 when it was associated with an outbreak of oligoarthritis in children in lyme, connecticut. erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) is a clinical marker for the human disease, which usually appears within 3 to 32 days after an infected tick bite. lyme disease is caused by spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, which is vectored by the hard ticks ixodes dammini or ixodes pacificus in the united states. in humans, lyme disease has been found to cause a var ...	1988	3225808
heterogeneity in immunoblot patterns obtained by using four strains of borrelia burgdorferi and sera from naturally exposed dogs.	this study evaluated the differences in immunoblot patterns when serum specimens from seropositive dogs were reacted against four strains of borrelia burgdorferi. intense bands were consistently detected for the 83-, 66-, 61- to 60-, 41-, and 31-kilodalton regions for all four strains. most variations were observed in the regions of 45 to 34 and 26 to 15 kilodaltons. adsorption studies suggested that one reason for the observed variability was a difference in proteins among the organisms, rather ...	1988	3235655
in vivo and in vitro evidence of b cell hyperactivity during lyme disease.	in vitro igm production by cells from patients with lyme disease rose during the illness in those studied soon after onset, but fell from elevated levels in those initially studied later than 1 week after onset. borrelia burgdorferi stimulated normal and patients' cells produced igm, with cells from acutely ill patients producing the most; production fell during convalescence. patients with active lyme disease and those destined for later manifestations often had serum agglutinins for heterologo ...	1988	3260952
immunoglobulin g subclasses specific to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with lyme disease.		1988	3263825
lyme borreliosis in california. acarological, clinical, and epidemiological studies.	the relative abundance of, and spirochetal-infection rates in, adult ixodid ticks from eight lyme borreliosis clinical-case areas and two comparison areas were investigated in northern california from late fall to early spring, 1984-87. the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus) was the most abundant species at seven of nine sites yielding specimens as determined with a tick drag method. the pacific coast tick (dermacentor occidentalis) was the most abundant species at two sites, and lesse ...	1988	3263826
an animal model for lyme arthritis.	a model of lyme arthritis has been developed in laboratory rats. intraperitoneal inoculation of a low-passage tick isolate of b. burgdorferi into neonatal and weanling lew/n rats resulted in multisystemic infection and arthritis. spirochetes were isolated from blood, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and joints of inoculated rats. arthritis, associated with the presence of spirochetes, developed in multiple joints by day 14 and persisted through day 90 after inoculation. arthritic lesions resembled ...	1988	3263827
the role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of lyme disease.		1988	3263828
specific immune responses in lyme borreliosis. characterization of t cell and b cell responses to borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3263829
association of hla-dr2 antigen with serum igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in bannwarth's syndrome.	the frequency of the hla-dr2 antigen in 33 patients with clinical symptoms and signs of bannwarth's syndrome was 33%, which was not significantly different from the 29% occurrence in 505 control subjects. however, all 11 hla-dr2-positive patients had elevated serum levels of igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, and these were present in 45% of 22 hla-dr2-negative patients (p = 0.004). in the 21 patients with anti-b. burgdorferi antibodies the frequency of hla-dr2 was 52%, which is signif ...	1988	3265432
borrelia burgdorferi in a newborn despite oral penicillin for lyme borreliosis during pregnancy.		1988	3130607
cns-borreliosis selectively affecting central motor neurons.	a patient is described having borrelia burgdorferi spirochetal infection clinically affecting central motor neurons selectively and without any sensory impairment. diagnosis was based on elevated b. burgdorferi igg antibody titers in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and titer normalization at clinical recovery. this occurred promptly and was complete after penicillin treatment despite 14 months of progressive central nervous system (cns) dysfunction, favouring the hypothesis of the presence of the orga ...	1988	3227803
lyme disease and its neurologic complications.	lyme disease is recognized as a cause of illness involving multiple organ systems. the transmission of the borrelia burgdorferi spirochete depends on a complicated vector life cycle, involving multiple mammalian and avian hosts. although the illness is reported worldwide, variable clinical presentations on different continents raise questions about disease mechanisms. multiple neurologic syndromes can occur alone or in combination, producing peripheral neuropathies, radiculopathies, myelopathies ...	1988	3276302
broad-host-range plasmid and m13 bacteriophage-derived vectors for promoter analysis in escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	a set of bacteriophage and plasmid vectors containing xyle as a reporter gene was constructed for the analysis of promoters functional in escherichia coli and in other gram-negative bacteria. two m13 bacteriophage derivatives, m13mvdx18 and m13mmk010, were designed for rapid cloning, screening and sequencing of dna fragments promoting transcription in e. coli. to demonstrate their utility, total cellular dna from a variety of bacterial species including pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao was shot ...	1988	3149945
[cerebrospinal fluid cytologic findings in children with borrelia infections (neuroborreliosis)].	the infection of the central nervous system by borrelia burgdorferi induces usually a mononuclear (lympho-mono-plasmocellular) cytogram of the cerebrospinal fluid in humans. the initial granulocytosis of the liquor cerebrospinalis typical for bacterial infections is transistory only. such cytologic findings may be misleading to a diagnosis as virus infection. in case of clinical signs (bannwarth syndrome), typical anamnesis or chronic lymphocytic meningitis the estimation of specific igg/igm bor ...	1988	3244809
spirochetes in mammals and ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a focus of lyme borreliosis in california.	in northern california, antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were detected in 58 of 73 (79%), and spirochetemias in one of 26 (4%) black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus californicus), by indirect and direct immunofluorescence, respectively. five species of ticks (dermacentor occidentalis, d. parumapertus, ixodes neotomae, i. pacificus, and haemaphysalis leporispalustris) were collected from rabbits. two of these species of ticks were found to contain spirochetes; two of 10 (20%) i. neotomae ...	1988	3280837
intensity and duration of borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti infectivity in rodent hosts.		1988	3170076
lyme disease and related disorders.		1988	3190087
antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in north carolina.	an indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 600 dogs in 1983 and 402 dogs in 1985. in 1983, the overall prevalence rate of dogs with b burgdorferi titers greater than or equal to 1:64 was 3.6%, whereas in 1985, the prevalence rate was 2.7%. an unexplainable higher seroprevalence was detected in 1 group of dogs tested in 1983. these dogs were from the southern coastal plains of north carolina. in the dogs tested in 1985, this region ...	1988	3288020
seroconversion to borrelia burgdorferi in a patient with juvenile arthritis in ontario, canada.	a seroconversion to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was documented in a 5 year old girl from central ontario. our patient developed juvenile arthritis in january, 1984 when she was 14 months old. it was relatively well controlled with aspirin. her arthritis flared in april, 1986 at which time seroconversion to b. burgdorferi was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. she was treated with phenoxymethyl penicillin and has ...	1988	3204603
lyme disease: antigens of borrelia burgdorferi and immune responses to them.		1988	3190088
the genes encoding major surface proteins of borrelia burgdorferi are located on a plasmid.		1988	3190089
[tick-borne borrelia burgdorferi--frequent causative agent of peripheral facial paralysis].		1988	3290791
development of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodid tick vectors.		1988	3190091
vector tick populations and lyme disease. a summary of control strategies.	although many aspects of lyme disease have been intensely studied for over a decade, little research has been directed toward control of the principal tick vector, ixodes dammini. ecological and epidemiological investigations have provided not only an ample understanding of tick biology and behavior, they have also identified the types of areas at risk for disease transmission. the advantages and limitations of previous attempts to control i. dammini by host reduction, habitat modification, and ...	1988	3190092
prospects for suppressing transmission of lyme disease.	a variety of methods have been developed to prevent human infection by the lyme disease spirochete in the northeastern united states, mainly based on the observations that nymphal ixodes dammini serve as vector, that deer serve as hosts for the reproductive stage of this tick, that white-footed mice serve as the reservoir of infection, and that nymphs are most abundant in early summer and must attach for 2 days before infection is transmitted. methods for personal protection included seasonal av ...	1988	3190093
host responses to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and horses.	by using paired sera the igm and igg host responses were analyzed in dogs with elisa and western blot techniques. antibodies in clinical seropositive dogs bound to 4-25 igm and up to 40 or more igg antigenic determinants. early igm response to the 41-kda flagellin persisted for at least 9 months and involved as many as seven other peptides. igg response expanded later in the disease and involved more immunogens than are currently recognized in late human disease. a percentage of asymptomatic dog ...	1988	3190094
first isolations of borrelia burgdorferi from rodents collected in northern europe.	spirochetes were found in 13% of ixodes ricinus collected from an island, near stockholm where human borreliosis is endemic. borrelia burgdorferi was cultivated from the kidney and/or spleen of wild rodents (clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus flavicollis) from the same island. spirochetes were identified as borrelia burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence assays using species and genus specific monoclonal antibodies. in these tests the spirochetes could not be differentiated from strains pr ...	1988	3190915
diagnosing lyme disease: the contribution of serologic testing.	lyme disease is a multisystem disorder caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. the diagnosis is based on clinical findings in most patients, particularly those with erythema migrans or exposure to geographic locations endemic for the disease. detection of a specific antibody to b. burgdorferi is a useful confirmatory test in many patients. in atypical cases, however, a positive test result can be pivotal for determining the diagnosis and can lead to institution of definiti ...	1988	3193820
lyme disease meningopolyneuritis simulating malignant lymphoma.	lyme disease is a multisystem disorder resulting from infection by the tick-borne spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. fever, chills, malaise and headaches; a characteristic rash; and subsequent polyarthritis typically herald the onset of this condition. neurologic involvement may occur with skin and joint manifestations or present alone as meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculopathy known as bannwarth's syndrome. we report the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical fe ...	1988	3222255
[predominant involvement of the central nervous system in a secondary form of borreliosis].	the clinical features of a patient with a secondary stage of borrelia burgdorferi infection are reported. severe symptoms and signs of central nervous involvement were present.	1988	3194610
lyme disease in italy: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from a patient.	a strain of borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from a 48-year-old female patient suffering from a chronic form of polyarthritis. significant titers of specific anti-borrelia antibodies were not found. this is the first report of isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from a patient in italy.	1988	3203735
[spirochetes isolated from the blood of three cases of lyme disease with neurologic abnormalities].		1988	3250099
plasmid analysis of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease agent.	a simple procedure for extraction of plasmid-enriched dna from borreliae was used in a plasmid analysis of 13 strains of the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi. the extracted dna was subjected to low-percentage agarose gel electrophoresis and examined either directly by ethidium bromide staining or after hybridization of the plasmids in situ with a dna probe for the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein ospa. each isolate had four to seven discernible plasmids of various sizes. on ...	1988	3356787
[erythema chronicum migrans caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1988	3251480
experimental lyme arthritis in rats infected with borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3258003
spirochetal antigens and lymphoid cell surface markers in lyme synovitis. comparison with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue.	using monoclonal antibodies to spirochetal antigenes and lymphoid cell surface markers, we examined the synovial lesions of 12 patients with lyme disease, and compared them with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue. the synovial lesions of lyme disease patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients were similar and often consisted of the elements found in normal organized lymphoid tissue. in both diseases, t cells, predominantly of the helper/inducer subset, were distributed diffusely i ...	1988	3258751
borrelia burgdorferi--specific and autoreactive t-cell lines from cerebrospinal fluid in lyme radiculomyelitis.	in 3 patients with lyme radiculomyelitis, cellular immune reactions of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) lymphocytes were analyzed. phenotypic analysis of csf cells demonstrated that the majority were t cells (cd3+) of the helper/inducer subset (cd4+). these t cells were directly expanded from the csf by limiting dilution. a total of 505 t-cell lines were tested for borrelia burgdorferi (bb)-specific proliferation and also partly tested for reactivity to a panel of central and peripheral nervous system ...	1988	3266455
immunoblot analysis of immunoglobulin g response to the lyme disease agent (borrelia burgdorferi) in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs.	immunoblots were used to study the immunoglobulin g response to borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs. adsorption studies confirmed that the antibodies were specific for b. burgdorferi. experimentally exposed dogs were asymptomatic. naturally exposed dogs included both asymptomatic animals and animals showing signs compatible with lyme disease. naturally exposed dogs were from four geographic regions of the country. no differences were detected between immunoblot patt ...	1988	3366860
immunoperoxidase slide test for detecting antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3275724
role of immunoglobulin g in killing of borrelia burgdorferi by the classical complement pathway.	the antibody and complement requirements for killing of borrelia burgdorferi 297 by normal human serum (nhs) and nhs plus immunoglobulin g (igg) were examined. b. burgdorferi activated both the alternative and classical complement pathways in nhs. in nhs chelated with 10 mm ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid plus 4 mm mgcl2 (mg-egta) to block classical pathway activation, consumption (activation) of total hemolytic complement, complement component 3 (c3), and c ...	1988	3276623
borreliosis in free-ranging black bears from wisconsin.	blood, kidney and tick samples were obtained from 18 hunter-killed black bears (ursus americanus) from three sites in northern wisconsin. a borrelia sp., morphologically and antigenically similar to borrelia burgdorferi, was isolated from the blood of two of the animals, and from the kidney of a third. ixodes dammini and dermacentor variabilis were found on the bears. this is the first report of borreliosis in the ursidae, and of the primary vector of lyme disease, i. dammini, from this host.	1988	3373646
[the epidemiology of borrelia burgdorferi infections. a pilot study from the männedorf area].	only a few investigations have been conducted into the incidence of lyme borreliosis and the prevalence and clinical value of increased antibody titers against borrelia burgdorferi. we prospectively examined 241 persons and found increased titers in 23 (9.5%); only two of them had a history of lyme borreliosis. the concentrations of increased igg-antibody titers in healthy persons were comparable to those in patients with actual lyme borreliosis. in the latter, igm-antibodies were frequently abs ...	1988	3375784
borrelia infections of ruminants in europe.	the occurrence of borrelia spirochaetes in cattle in the netherlands is reported for the second time, and in red deer and roe-deer in austria for the first time. it is postulated that these spirochaetes are borrelia burgdorferi rather than b. theileri. the reservoir role of ruminants in the epidemiology of human disease caused by b. burgdorferi in europe should be investigated.	1988	3376412
comparison of immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different antigen preparations for diagnosing early lyme disease.	we compared immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using different antigen preparations to test for antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with early lyme disease. with immunoblotting, 16 (53%) of 30 patients had positive tests in acute-phase sera and 25 (83%) had them in convalescent-phase sera. among 64 controls, false-positive results were obtained in only three individuals with syphilis and in one hospitalized patient with renal allograft rejection. among ...	1988	3279140
serologic analyses of peromyscus leucopus, a rodent reservoir for borrelia burgdorferi, in northeastern united states.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect fluorescent-antibody test were used to detect antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, in peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse). of the 661 mice captured in connecticut, rhode island, and new york during 1980 and 1983 to 1987, 166 (25.1%) had antibodies to b. burgdorferi by elisa. comparative analyses of 210 serum specimens, collected in areas where lyme disease is endemic, revealed a threefold differenc ...	1988	3384925
shulman syndrome associated with borrelia burgdorferi and complicated by carpal tunnel syndrome.		1988	3385049
borreliosis in equids in northeastern united states.	during 1982 and 1985, blood samples from 705 equids were examined for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. by indirect immunofluorescence staining, igm and total immunoglobulin (igm and igg) antibodies were detected in 37 (5.3%) and 90 (12.8%) serum specimens, respectively. the geometric mean titer for igm antibody (140.4) was highest during july, whereas total immunoglobulin ranged from 94.1 in october to 338 in may. eighty-six equids with total immunoglobulin to b burgdorferi lived in areas of ...	1988	3282461
borrelia burgdorferi borreliosis.		1988	3284861
[the spectrum of lyme borreliosis from the dermatologic viewpoint].	erythema chronicum migrans, lymphadenosis benigna cutis and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans represent the dermatological manifestations of the multi-organ disease lyme borreliosis. koch's requirements of evidence for an infectious disease, demonstration of the bacterium, transfer, and culture have proven borrelia burgdorferi to be the causative agent of the above mentioned skin diseases. this justifies a penicillin therapy, that has been administered in europe empirically for the last 30 yea ...	1988	3289873
the urinary bladder, a consistent source of borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally infected white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus).	white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, were experimentally infected in the laboratory with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. after mice were infected by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous inoculation or by tick bite, attempts were made to culture spirochetes from the urinary bladder, spleen, kidney, blood, and urine. spirochetes were most frequently isolated from the bladder (94%), followed by the kidney (75%), spleen (61%), and blood (13%). no spirochetes were isolated fr ...	1988	3290239
incompetence of deer as reservoirs of the lyme disease spirochete.	to determine whether deer may serve as reservoir hosts for the lyme disease spirochete, we sought evidence of infection in nymphal ixodes dammini derived from larvae that had engorged on white-tailed deer. a total of 19 deer were shot in two lyme disease foci in massachusetts during september 1986, the season in which larvae were most abundant. an average of 342 larval ticks of this species were collected from each deer. of those that developed to the nymphal stage, the gut contents of 185 were ...	1988	3400797
use of an autologous antigen in the serologic testing of patients with erythema migrans of lyme disease.	we attempted to detect an early rise in antibody titers to borrelia burgdorferi in the serum of patients with erythema migrans of lyme disease by utilizing b. burgdorferi isolates obtained from patients' own skin lesions instead of the b31 reference strain. b. burgdorferi was isolated from nine of 23 skin biopsy specimens submitted for culture. elevated antibody titers were not detected in any of the 23 acute serum samples by immunofluorescence assay. the antigens derived from patient isolates w ...	1988	3290287
the neurological complications of borrelia burgdorferi in the new forest area of hampshire.	the neurological complications of borrelia burgdorferi infection have only recently been recognised in the united kingdom. eight cases are reported which were all contracted in the new forest area of hampshire. the majority of patients had bannwarth's syndrome though meningism and parenchymal lesions also occurred. all patients made a virtually complete neurological recovery in contrast to some patients with lyme disease.	1988	3404167
borrelia burgdorferi in tick cell culture: growth and cellular adherence.		1988	3404544
deer ticks, ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae), and lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi, in maine.		1988	3404548
anticardiolipin antibodies in lyme disease.	sera from 28 patients with lyme disease were tested for the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (acla). seven serum samples had elevated levels of igm acla, and 4 had elevated levels of igg acla. higher igm acla positivity tended to be associated with neurologic disease, and igm acla levels correlated with the specific igm response to the infecting spirochete (p less than 0.01). absorption experiments indicated that acla and antispirochete antibodies are largely separate populations. thus, ac ...	1988	3408508
lyme disease: the latest great imitator.	lyme disease is caused by the spirochete b. burgdorferi. like its counterpart syphilis, it causes multisystem disease particularly affecting the skin, nervous system, heart and musculoskeletal system. it is endemic in several areas of the united states as well as in europe. the prompt recognition of this disease and its diverse manifestations should lead to early treatment and resolution. prevention is aimed at avoidance of the tick vector.	1988	3292999
isolation and characterization of borrelia burgdorferi-specific and autoreactive t-cell lines from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with lyme meningoradiculomyelitis.		1988	2462820
antigenic variability of borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi strains (six isolates from north america and 28 isolates from europe) were analyzed by physicochemical and immunological methods. by sds-page, all borrelia burgdorferi strains tested had two major proteins with constant molecular weights of 60 and 41 kda and one, two, or three variable low molecular weight proteins (ospa = 30-32 kda, ospb = 34-36 kda, pc = 21-22 kda). all combinations--except ospb alone or ospb/pc--were observed. borrelia burgdorferi strains were different f ...	1988	2461135
[primary lymphoma of the nervous system following radiculoneuritis caused by borrelia burgdorferi: study of a case].	a 50-year-old man had a primary lymphoma of the central nervous system one year after a tick bite and a radiculoneuritis secondary to borrelia burgdorferi infection. determination of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi revealed increasing igm and igg titers, and the autopsy showed a primary b-cell immunoblastic lymphoma of the brain without evidence of extraneural lymphoproliferative disorder. lymphoma of the brain is a rare type of central nervous system cancer, and sporadic cases appear wi ...	1988	2451279
a murine igm monoclonal antibody binds an antigenic determinant in outer surface protein a, an immunodominant basic protein of the lyme disease spirochete.	a hybridoma cell line formed by the fusion of the p3x63-ag8.653 myeloma cell line with splenocytes from balb/c mice immunized with borrelia burgdorferi produced an igm monoclonal antibody (mab-11g1) with kappa-light chains which detected an antigenic determinant in a major spirochetal protein of m.w. approximately 31,000, also known as outer surface protein a (osp-a). apparent saturation was reached in approximately 35 min with 34 ng of mab-11g1 binding to 5 x 10(7) spirochetes giving an estimat ...	1988	2447170
biological activity of borrelia burgdorferi antigens.	osp-a (approximately 31 kda) and flagellins (approximately 41 kda) are prominent antigens of borrelia burgdorferi. both osp-a and flagellins are immunogenic in patients and in experimentally infected mice and hamsters, but the kinetics of antibody formation to each vary considerably between the species. the role of eluted osp-a and flagellins in the cellular immune response, chemotaxigenesis, and cytoadherence was measured. eluted osp-a and flagellins stimulated the proliferation of normal and i ...	1988	2461134
immunochemical characterization of and isolation of the gene for a borrelia burgdorferi immunodominant 60-kilodalton antigen common to a wide range of bacteria.	by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and western blotting (immunoblotting), it was shown that borrelia burgdorferi expresses the 60-kilodalton common antigen (ca) that is cross-reactive with an equivalent antigen in a wide range of remotely related bacteria. b. burgdorferi ca is strongly immunogenic. a b. burgdorferi genomic library was constructed by using a plasmid cloning system. escherichia coli recombinants were screened for expression of immunodominant b. burgdorferi antigens. one of the recom ...	1988	2840400
[lyme disease--a new infection from natural foci].		1988	2965619
lyme borrelia positive serology associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic italian area.	lyme borreliosis acquired during pregnancy may be associated with stillbirth and fetal malformations. this paper reports preliminary results of a study intended to evaluate the frequency of borrelia burgdorferi infection associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic italian area.	1988	3252658
[antibody activity of csf oligoclonal igg in infectious neurological diseases. detection using immunoblotting].	the authors describe various applications of an immunoblot technique which allows the qualitative determination of the specific antibody activity of oligoclonal igg intrathecally synthesized in infectious diseases of the nervous system. after dilution of sera to the same igg concentration as the paired csf samples, 10 microliters of both fluids are applied side by side on agarose gel plates and isoelectrically focused. precipitated igg or specific igg antibodies are then blotted onto a nitrocell ...	1988	3206996
susceptibility of the gray wolf (canis lupus) to infection with the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi.	four juvenile gray wolves (canis lupus) were inoculated with live borrelia burgdorferi. one received an intravenous inoculum, a second was inoculated subcutaneously, and two more were fed peromyscus maniculatus sucklings which had earlier been inoculated with b. burgdorferi. the intravenously inoculated wolf developed a generalized lymphadenopathy and a persistent serum antibody titer to the spirochete which peaked at 1:512. borrelia burgdorferi was visualized in liver sections of this wolf usin ...	1988	3411709
borrelia burgdorferi in the nervous system: the new "great imitator".	there are many obvious similarities between lyme disease and syphilis. the major ones are their spirochetal etiology, the ability of the spirochetes to stay alive in human tissue for years, occurrence of clinical manifestations in stages, early disease in the skin and later disease in the brain, and susceptibility to antibiotic treatment. thus, one can assume that many of the same lessons learned from the centuries of experience with syphilis will apply to lyme disease. one of these lessons that ...	1988	3190104
[vasculitic neuropathy in the garin-bujadoux-bannwarth syndrome. a contribution to the understanding of the pathology and pathogenesis of the neurological complications in lyme borreliosis].	clinical examinations and nerve biopsies were performed on four patients with meningoradiculoneuritis and positive serology for borrelia (garin-bujadoux-bannwarth syndrome). three patients had a painful multiplex mononeuropathy, while one presented with a picture resembling a guillain-barré syndrome. nerve biopsy in two patients revealed marked perivasculitis, in part with thrombosis of the epineural vasa nervorum. in the other two patients there were small pericapillary infiltrates in the endon ...	1988	3338392
measurement of antibodies to the borrelia burgdorferi flagellum improves serodiagnosis in lyme disease.	the isolation of borrelia burgdorferi flagella and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm to the b. burgdorferi flagellum are described. the diagnostic performance of the flagellum elisa for serodiagnosis of lyme disease was compared with the performance of a traditional whole cell b. burgdorferi sonic extract elisa. we examined sera and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from 56 patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome), the ...	1988	3343329
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of class-specific immunoglobulins to borrelia burgdorferi.	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed to detect immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease. of the 135 blood samples obtained during 1985-1986 from persons in connecticut with erythema migrans or other clinical manifestations of this spirochetosis, 106 (79%) contained igm antibody. in separate tests for igg antibody, 106 (83%) of 128 specimens were considered positive. to assess the specificity of these as ...	1988	3354546
[prevalence of lyme borreliosis in a swiss population at risk].	the epidemiology of "lyme borreliosis" in europe and the significance of positive antibody titers against borrelia burgdorferi is not well known. since "orienteering", a competitive cross country sport with a map and a compass, usually in forests, elevates the risk of being bitten by ticks and infected by b. burgdorferi, nearly 1000 orienteerers were included in a prospective study. - in this population the prevalence of positive igg-antibodies (immunofluorescence technique) was almost 20% and o ...	1988	3344410
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans.	two cases of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection are reported; to our knowledge these are the first cases reported in children.	1988	3348655
prevalence of ixodes dammini near the homes of lyme disease patients in westchester county, new york.	cases of lyme disease that occurred in westchester county, an affluent suburb north of new york city, in 1983 were investigated in 1983 and 1984 to determine the presence of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in the vicinity of the patients' homes. small mammal trapping, drag cloth, and carbon dioxide-baited tick traps were used to sample ticks. in all but one of 11 cases investigated, i. dammini was found on or near well-maintained lawns in the immediate vicinity of the residences. a mark-release ...	1988	3354547
persistent intrathecal secretion of oligoclonal, borrelia burgdorferi-specific igg in chronic meningoradiculomyelitis.	in the cerebrospinal fluid igg of five patients with lymphomeningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome) and radiculomyelitis studied by immunoblot technique an oligoclonal pattern was found. most of these oligoclonal bands were specific for borrelia burgdorferi. in patients suffering from chronic meningoradiculomyelitis, repeated csf examination by this technique showed persistent secretion of identical igg bands. thus, the specific humoral immune response and the disease activity could be document ...	1988	3373242
lyme myositis: muscle invasion by borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3389608
renal lesions associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection in a dog.	borrelia burgdorferi infection was diagnosed serologically in a dog with lethargy, stiffness, and anorexia. treatment with ampicillin and chloramphenicol did not alleviate the signs. azotemia, proteinuria, cylindruria, pyuria, and hematuria developed over a 3-month period. antibody titer for b burgdorferi remained high (1:8,192) during this time. renal histopathologic findings included severe, chronic, diffuse, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and moderate chronic, multifocal, interstiti ...	1988	3403355
induction of lyme arthritis in lsh hamsters.	in studies of experimental lyme disease, a major obstacle has been the unavailability of a suitable animal model. we found that irradiated lsh/ss lak hamsters developed arthritis after injection of borrelia burgdorferi in the hind paws. when nonirradiated hamsters were injected in the hind paws with b. burgdorferi, acute transient synovitis was present. a diffuse neutrophilic infiltrate involved the synovia and periarticular structures. the inflammation was associated with edema, hyperemia, and ...	1988	3410540
first experience with elisa serosurvey for tick-borne borreliosis (lyme disease) in czechoslovakia.	antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were searched for in the sera from two groups of hospital patients and one group of healthy agricultural workers. the antibody response was measured by the authors' own modification of the elisa method employing the antigen prepared from borrelia recurrentis strain propagated in laboratory mice. positive antibody titres to borrelia were demonstrated in 5 out of the 44 patients admitted to the infectious diseases clinic, in 8 out of the 32 patients from the neur ...	1988	3411118
hepatitis due to recurrent lyme disease.		1988	3358572
[schoenlein-henoch purpura in borrelia burgdorferi infection].	in a 24-year-old patient suffering from recurrent purpura schoenlein-henoch, there were found positive lyme-spirochete ift. due to the motion of titres in immune fluorescence examinations the purpura seems to be likely one form of a late manifestation in borrelia infection.	1988	3360463
[infiltrating lymphadenosis benigna cutis as borreliosis of the skin].	forms of lymphadenosis benigna cutis (lbc) which run an unusual course may present considerable problems and are sometimes difficult to distinguish from malignant lymphomas of the skin on the basis of the clinical and histological picture. the case of a female patient is reported, who presented with plaque-like infiltrative lesions on both lower arms. the lesions were interpreted as being malignant lymphomas of the skin. after a progressive course of 6 years' duration, the diagnosis of an unusua ...	1988	3360600
fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome in a patient with lyme disease.	a dry cough, fever, generalized maculopapular rash, and myositis developed in a 67-year-old woman; she also had markedly abnormal liver function test results. serologic tests proved that she had an infection of recent onset with borrelia burgdorferi, the agent that causes lyme disease. during a two-month course of illness, her condition remained refractory to treatment with antibiotics, salicylates, and steroids. ultimately, fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome developed; this was believed ...	1988	3357244