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sex chromosome abnormalities and sterility in river buffalo.thirteen male river buffaloes, 119 females with reproductive problems (which had reached reproductive age but had failed to become pregnant in the presence of bulls) and two male co-twins underwent both clinical and cytogenetic investigation. clinical analyses performed by veterinary practitioners revealed normal body conformation and external genitalia for most females. however, some subjects showed some slight male traits such as large base horn circumference, prominent withers and tight pelvi ...200818467836
chromosomal expression and localization of aphidicolin-induced fragile sites in the standard karyotype of river buffalo (bubalus bubalis).the present study reports on the chromosomal expression and localization of aphidicolin-induced fragile sites in the standard karyotype of river buffalo (bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50) with the aim of establishing a 'fragile site map' of the species. totally, 400 aphidicolin-induced breakages were analyzed from eight young and clinically healthy animals, four males and four females; these breakages were localized in 106 rbg-negative chromosome bands or at the band-interband regions. the number of bre ...200818467845
to catch a buffalo: field immobilisation of asian swamp buffalo using etorphine and xylazine.to demonstrate the efficacy of a mixture of etorphine and xylazine to safely immobilise wild buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in the field.200818498561
restricted genetic diversity in the ubiquitous cattle parasite, sarcocystis cruzi.although parasites of the genus sarcocystis have likely cycled between bovine herbivores and canine carnivores for tens of millions of years, humans may have profoundly influenced the ecology and evolution of those prevalent in domesticated dogs and cattle. to preliminarily assess the possibility of such anthropogenic effects, we surveyed genetic variation in conserved (18s small subunit) and variable (its-1) portions of ribosomal dna from a large sample of sarcocystis cruzi occurring in taurine ...200818501682
echinococcus ortleppi and e. granulosus g1, g2 and g3 genotypes in italian bovines.to increase the knowledge on echinococcus genotypes infesting cattle and water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) born and bred in italy, the germinal layer of hydatid cysts was collected from the liver and the lungs of 80 animals slaughtered in 2007. two mitochondrial genes (the cytochrome c oxidase subunit i and the nadh subunit i) were tested by pcr. four genotypes were identified: g1 (sheep strain), g2 (tasmanian sheep strain), g3 (buffalo strain), and g5 (cattle strain). fertile cysts were detecte ...200818514422
dna-based vaccines protect against zoonotic schistosomiasis in water buffalo.schistosomiasis japonica is an endemic, zoonotic disease of major public health importance in china where water buffaloes account for approximately 75% of disease transmission. interventions that reduce schistosome infection in water buffaloes will enhance their health simultaneously reducing disease transmission to humans. while chemotherapy has proved successful, it requires continued time consuming and expensive mass treatments. a more sustainable option would be development of vaccines that ...200818524429
assessment of water buffalo health and productivity in a communal management system in the philippines.this study aimed to generate a profile of the health and productivity of water buffaloes in a communal setting. using the epi-info version 6.04 for data management, a coded information system was used to accommodate data coming from the reference population. calves and cows that were born and milked, respectively, were enrolled and monitored for six months. the key outcomes of interest monitored in this study included mortality, morbidity and productivity. results of the study showed a 93.7 perc ...200818551780
organization and differential expression of the gaca/gata tagged somatic and spermatozoal transcriptomes in buffalo bubalus bubalis.simple sequence repeats (ssrs) of gaca/gata have been implicated with differentiation of sex-chromosomes and speciation. however, the organization of these repeats within genomes and transcriptomes, even in the best characterized organisms including human, remains unclear. the main objective of this study was to explore the buffalo transcriptome for its association with gaca/gata repeats, and study the structural organization and differential expression of the gaca/gata repeat tagged transcripts ...200818366692
epizootic abortion related to infections by chlamydophila abortus and chlamydophila pecorum in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) are affected by high rates of embryonic mortality and abortion related to infectious diseases and non-infectious factors. a number of viral and bacterial infections have been associated with reproductive failure, but there is limited information on the role of chlamydial infections. in order to investigate the presence and the role of chlamydiaceae in water buffalo a retrospective study was performed in a herd with a history of reproductive failure. during an 11-m ...200818374406
peptidomic approach based on combined capillary isoelectric focusing and mass spectrometry for the characterization of the plasmin primary products from bovine and water buffalo beta-casein.the main peptides produced by hydrolysis of water buffalo beta-casein with plasmin were characterized by capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry and compared with their bovine homologous. a novel breakdown product arising from the hydrolysis of water buffalo beta-casein, originated by the presence of a plasmin-sensitive lys bond at position 68 was identified, which was not present in bovine beta-casein. on the basis of this evidence, an improved procedure for the detection and the differ ...200818400224
acute coliform mastitis in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis): clinical findings and treatment outcomes.this report was delineated to study the clinical, bacteriological and therapeutic aspects concerned with acute coliform mastitis in buffaloes. bacteriological examination of 80 quarter milk samples obtained aseptically from 56 buffaloes with acute mastitis revealed that coliform bacteria was the most common pathogen (45 cases) followed by staphylococcus aureus (seven cases) then streptococcus uberis (three cases), and streptococcus agalactiae (one case). clinically, hotness, swelling and painful ...200818422251
ameliorative effects of boron on serum profile in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) fed high fluoride ration.an experiment was undertaken to evaluate the protective role of boron on the serum profile of buffalo calves fed a high fluoride ration. twelve male murrah buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves of 6-8 months age, divided into three groups of four calves in each, were fed basal diets and supplemented with sodium fluoride (naf, 60 ppm) alone or in combination with borax (na2b4o7.10h2o, 140 ppm) for 90 days. boron (b) was added in the ration as borax to make @140 ppm boron (elemental b) on dm basis in t ...200818422253
mannose-binding lectin haplotypes influence brucella abortus infection in the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).a case-control study established that the haplotype pair hya/hya at the mbl (mannose binding lectin) locus of water buffalo is associated with resistance to brucella abortus infection (p < 10(-7)) and the haplotype pairs lyd/lyd with susceptibility to the same pathogen (p < 10(-7)). the subjects included in the present study were tested twice-at a 1-month interval-for the presence of anti-b. abortus antibodies in the serum by agglutination, complement fixation and flow cytometry. cases (335 subj ...200818330558
in vitro embryo production in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) using sexed sperm and oocytes from ovum pick up.the objective was to explore the use of sexed sperm and opu-derived oocytes in an ivp system to produce sex-preselected bubaline embryos. oocytes were recovered from 20 fertile murrah and nili-ravi buffalo cows by repeated (twice weekly) ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovum pick up (opu), or by aspiration of abbatoir-derived bubaline ovaries, and subjected to ivf, using frozen-thawed sexed or unsexed bubaline semen. on average, 4.6 oocytes were retrieved per buffalo per session (70.9% were grades ...200818336893
genetic relationship and diversity analysis of indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is an important dairy animal on the indian subcontinent and in southeast asian countries. the diversity and differentiation among 12 populations or breeds of buffalo were studied. data were generated and analyzed from 527 animals belonging to 10 recognized breeds and 2 additional populations of indian buffalo by using 22 microsatellite loci. relationships among buffalo breeds and populations were estimated based on genetic distances. the bayesian analysis grou ...200818344309
water buffalo mozzarella cheese stored in polysaccharide-based gels: correlation between prolongation of the shelf-life and physicochemical parameters.an innovative packaging system has been developed, based on natural gels, that has shown the peculiar characteristic to strongly increase the shelf life of water buffalo mozzarella cheese. to explain the mechanism of action of the gel, measurements of ca and na in the cheese and in the storage liquid were carried out, together with ph determination. a correlation has been found between the constant level of ca and ph in the cheese and the prolongation of nutritional characteristics; in fact, bot ...200818349224
effect of antibiotics in extender on bacterial and spermatozoal quality of cooled buffalo (bubalus bubalis) bull semen.the present study was designed to study the effect of traditional antibiotic combination (streptomycin and penicillin; sp) and relatively modern combination of antibiotics (gentamycin, tylosin, lincomycin and spectinomycin; gtls) in extender on bacterial control and spermatozoal quality of liquid buffalo bull semen stored at 5 degrees c. semen collected from nili-ravi buffalo bulls (n = 10) was diluted with skim milk extender containing either sp (streptomycin 1000 microg/ml and penicillin 1000 ...200818042206
association of microsatellite (gt)n polymorphism at 3'utr of nramp1 with the macrophage function following challenge with brucella lps in buffalo (bubalus bubalis).brucella abortus is a facultative intracellular pathogen that survives and replicates in host macrophages. hence, macrophage function plays an important role in influencing natural resistance/susceptibility to intracellular pathogen. the natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (nramp1; erstwhile referred as ity/lsh/bcg), a transmembrane protein, regulates activity of macrophages against intracellular pathogens. in bovine, natural resistance to brucellosis is significantly associated w ...200818078724
first radiation hybrid map of the river buffalo x chromosome (bbux) and comparison with btax.we report the first radiation hybrid map of the river buffalo x chromosome generated from a recently constructed river buffalo (bubalus bubalis) whole-genome radiation hybrid panel (bburh(5000)). this map contains a total of 33 cattle-derived markers, including 10 genes, four ests and 19 microsatellites. the markers are distributed in two linkage groups: lg1 contains eight markers spanning 125.6 cr, and lg2 contains 25 markers spanning 366.3 cr. lg1 contains six markers in common with bovine seq ...200818307583
isolation of new pregnancy-associated glycoproteins from water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) placenta by vicia villosa affinity chromatography.the present study describes the isolation and characterization of new pregnancy-associated glycoprotein molecules (pag) from midpregnancy and late-pregnancy placentas in the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). after extraction, the homogenates are subjected to acid and ammonium sulfate precipitations followed by deae chromatography. subsequently, the water buffalo pag (wbpag) from these solutions are enriched by vicia villosa agarose (vva) affinity chromatography. as determined by western blotting ...200818308351
diagnostic and prognostic indicators of omasal impaction in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).twelve of 46 female buffaloes with abdominal disorders were diagnosed with omasal impaction. they had been fed finely chopped machine-prepared straw. they were characterised by anorexia, an absence of defecation, abdominal distension, ruminal hypomotility or atony and a suspension of rumination. omasal impaction was confirmed upon left flank laparorumenotomy on the basis of the size of the omasum and the consistency of its contents. after ruminal evacuation, a long flexible pipe was introduced t ...200818310560
molecular characterization of toll-like receptor 2 of ruminants and comparative expression in nilgai (boselaphus tragocamelus) vs. buffalo (bubalus bubalis).toll-like receptors play role in the innate immune responses and orchestrate the adaptive immunity by induction of proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of costimulatory molecules. the present study has characterized tlr2 cdna in nilgai, buffalo, sheep and goat that recognizes the peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria. tlr2 coding sequences were amplified from monocytes cdna and cloned in pgemt-easy vector for nucleotide sequencing. sequence analysis revealed 2355-bp-long tlr2 open readi ...200818312593
on water buffalo and academic medicine. 200818971670
the domestic (water) buffalo in mainland tanzania. 200818975121
cloning and expression of buffalo active chymosin in pichia pastoris.to date, only recombinant chymosin has been obtained in its active form from supernatants of filamentous fungi, which are not as good candidates as yeasts for large-scale fermentations. since bos taurus chymosin was cloned and expressed, the world demand for this protease has increased to such an extent that the cheesemaking industry has been looking for novel sources of chymosin. in this sense because buffalo chymosin has properties that are more stable than those of b. taurus chymosin, it may ...200818975968
antibiotic resistance and microbial composition along the manufacturing process of mozzarella di bufala campana.the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock, banned in all eu member states in january 2006, has led to selection of antibiotic resistant strains within environmental bacteria, including gram-positive, non pathogenic bacteria that colonize the gi tract of humans and animals. in italy and in other mediterranean countries, fermented foods employing environmental bacteria pre-existing in the raw substrates, rather than industrial starters of defined genotype, represent a significant pro ...200818990462
mapping mhc genes in river buffalo.the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) contains a set of genes necessary for antigen presentation in the immune system. this gene dense and polymorphic region of the mammalian genome is of considerable interest due to the role of mhc genes in immune function and animal health. previous cytogenetic studies have indicated that the mhc in river buffalo resides on the short arm of chromosome 2 (bbu2). a 5000-rad radiation hybrid mapping panel was recently generated to enable construction of a wh ...200818817324
[immune-humoral response of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) against anaplasma marginale (theiler, 1910)].the aim of the present study was to analyze the humoral-immune response of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) naturally infected against anaplasma marginale. for this work, colostrums/milk and blood samples were sequentially collected from buffalo cows prior and after partum for a period of 335 days and from buffalo calves from birth to 365 days after. the antibodies in the colostrums/milk and serum samples of these animals were determined using an elisa indirect method and the data were analyzed a ...200818823574
evaluation of molecular methods for the detection of brucella species in water buffalo milk.brucellosis is a highly infectious disease affecting both animals and humans. the current standard tools for the diagnosis of this bacterial infection are serological and microbiological. in this study, we evaluated the feasibility of molecular assays as diagnostic tools for the detection of brucella spp. in water buffalo milk. for this purpose, we first compared different dna extraction protocols and pcr methods on artificially spiked milk samples. the most sensitive methods were then used to e ...200818832199
[characterization and determination of nitrogen in preparation of qingkailing injection and its intermediate products].to analyze characterization and determination of nitrogen in the preparation of qingkailing injection and its intermediate products.200818841762
plasma and milk kinetic of eprinomectin and moxidectin in lactating water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).the pharmacokinetics and mammary excretion of moxidectin and eprinomectin were determined in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) following topical administration of 0.5mgkg(-1). following administration of moxidectin, plasma and milk concentrations of moxidectin increased to reach maximal concentrations (c(max)) of 5.46+/-3.50 and 23.76+/-16.63ngml(-1) at t(max) of 1.20+/-0.33 and 1.87+/-0.77 days in plasma and milk, respectively. the mean residence time (mrt) were similar for plasma and milk (5.2 ...200818774650
effect of boron as an antidote on dry matter intake, nutrient utilization and fluorine balance in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) exposed to high fluoride ration.it is well known that excessive accumulation of fluorides can exert toxic effects on various tissues and organs so as to severely damage the health and production of animals. the aim of this study was to determine beneficial effect of boron on nutrient utilization in buffalo calves exposed to high fluoride (f) ration. for this purpose, we used three groups of four male murrah buffalo calves (body weight 98-100 kg, aged 6-8 month) each. control animal was given only basal diet and concentrate mix ...200818781284
hand-made cloned buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos: comparison of different media and culture systems.hand-made cloning (hmc) has proved to be an efficient alternative to the conventional micromanipulator-based technique in some domestic animal species. this study reports the development of an effective culture system for in vitro culture of zona-free cloned buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos reconstructed using adult skin fibroblast cells as nucleus donor. cleavage and blastocyst rates observed were 52 and 0% in modified charles rosenkrans 2 (mcr2), 61 and 4.6% in modified synthetic oviductal fl ...200818800862
influence of heat stress on the cortisol and oxidant-antioxidants balance during oestrous phase in buffalo-cows (bubalus bubalis): thermo-protective role of antioxidant treatment.in the present study, the effect of heat stress, which is commonly observed in the animals of upper egypt area in summer, as well as the effect of antioxidant treatment as a thermo-protective was examined. in this study, the animals (n = 120) were divided into winter group (n = 40, bred during winter) and summer group (n = 80, bred during summer) as well as, animals in the summer group were divided into first subgroup animals (n = 40) and injected with viteselen intramuscularly (15 ml) twice wee ...200818673331
molecular characterization of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) gene in the indian river buffalo (bubalus bubalis).follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) plays a central role in regulation of ovarian function in mammals. the actions of follicle stimulating hormone are mediated through receptors present on the granulosa cells of the ovary. in the present study we have cloned and characterized the fshr gene of buffalo. sequence analysis indicated that the buffalo fshr cdna sequence comprised of an open reading frame of 2085bp encoding a 695 amino acid protein. its nucleotide sequence showed more than 80% similarit ...200818675816
an extended river buffalo (bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50) cytogenetic map: assignment of 68 autosomal loci by fish-mapping and r-banding and comparison with human chromosomes.we report an extended river buffalo (bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50; bbu) cytogenetic map including 388 loci, of which 68 have been fish-mapped on autosomes in the present study. ovine and caprine bac clones containing both type i loci (known genes) and type ii loci (simple sequence repeats (srs), microsatellite marker, sequence-tagged sites (stss)), previously assigned to sheep chromosomes, have been localized on r-banded river buffalo chromosomes (bbu), which expands the cytogenetic map of this impo ...200818685962
application of dissociation curve analysis to radiation hybrid panel marker scoring: generation of a map of river buffalo (b. bubalis) chromosome 20.fluorescence of dyes bound to double-stranded pcr products has been utilized extensively in various real-time quantitative pcr applications, including post-amplification dissociation curve analysis, or differentiation of amplicon length or sequence composition. despite the current era of whole-genome sequencing, mapping tools such as radiation hybrid dna panels remain useful aids for sequence assembly, focused resequencing efforts, and for building physical maps of species that have not yet been ...200819014630
purification and biochemical characterization of cytosolic glutathione-s-transferase from filarial worms setaria cervi.the present study reports the purification and characterization of gst from cytosolic fraction of setaria cervi. gst activity was determined in various subcellular fractions of bovine filarial worms s. cervi (bubalus bubalis linn.) and was found to be localized mainly in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions. the soluble enzyme from s. cervi was purified to homogeneity using a combination of salt precipitation, centrifugation, cation exchange and gsh-sepharose affinity chromatography followed b ...200818752976
sex determination in 6 bovid species by duplex pcr.sex determination in domestic animals is of potential value to livestock breeding programs. the aim of this study was to develop a simple and accurate pcr-based sex determination protocol, which can be applicable to 6 major domesticated species of the family bovidae, viz. bos frontalis, b. grunniens, b. indicus, bubalus bubalis, capra hircus, and ovis aries. in silico analysis was done to identify conserved dna sequence in the hmg box region of the sex-determining region of the y-chromosome (sry ...200819043179
production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by capacitating buffalo (bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa.in the present study attempts were made to detect and quantify the generation of superoxide anion (o(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) by capacitating buffalo spermatozoa. ejaculated buffalo spermatozoa were suspended in sp-talp medium at 50x10(6)ml(-1) and incubated at 38.5 degrees c with 5% co(2) in air in the absence or presence of heparin (a capacitation inducer) or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) or diphenyleneiodonium (dpi, a flavoprotein inhibitor) for 6 ...200817270367
tyrosine phosphorylation of a 38-kda capacitation-associated buffalo (bubalus bubalis) sperm protein is induced by l-arginine and regulated through a camp/pka-independent pathway.the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of l-arginine on nitric oxide (no*) synthesis, capacitation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in buffalo spermatozoa. ejaculated buffalo spermatozoa were capacitated in the absence or presence of heparin, or l-arginine or n(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (nos) for 6 h. capacitating spermatozoa generated no* both spontaneously and following stimulation with l-arginine and l-name quenc ...200817355240
effect of slow freezing on morphology and developmental competence of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) immature oocytes.the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulphoxide (dmso), ethylene glycol (eg) and 1,2-propanediol (proh), each used at two concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 m) on the morphology, maturation rate and developmental capacity of usable quality immature buffalo oocytes subjected to slow freezing. the addition of the cryoprotectant before freezing and its dilution after thawing were carried out in a two- (for 1.0 m) or three-step manner (for 1.5 m). the i ...200817449204
influence of the duration of in vitro maturation and gamete co-incubation on the efficiency of in vitro embryo development in italian mediterranean buffalo (bubalus bubalis).the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the duration of oocyte in vitro maturation (ivm) and gamete co-incubation on the in vitro embryo (ivep) production efficiency in river buffalo. in experiment 1, abattoir-derived cumulus oocyte complexes were fixed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 h after the start of in vitro maturation to study the kinetics of nuclear maturation. in experiment 2, cumulus oocyte complexes were fertilized in vitro following in vitro maturation for 18, 21, ...200817481834
characterization of the luteinizing hormone beta (lh-beta) subunit gene in the indian river buffalo (bubalus bubalis).the cdna sequence of leuteinizing hormone (lh) beta subunit was determined to understand the molecular basis for silent oestrus behavior and poor response to superovulation in buffalo. the lh-beta cdna contains an open reading frame 426 bp long. the deduced sequence of the lh-beta is 141 amino acids in length. the amino acid sequences of the indian river buffalo lh-beta subunit showed overall similarity to those of other mammals. the nucleotide sequence variability of lh-beta was studied in more ...200817485093
expression stability of two housekeeping genes (18s rrna and g3pdh) during in vitro maturation of follicular oocytes in buffalo (bubalus bubalis).the present study was undertaken to evaluate the expression stability of two housekeeping genes (hkgs), 18s rrna and g3pdh during in vitro maturation (ivm) of oocytes in buffalo, which qualifies their use as internal controls for valid qrt-pcr estimation of other oocyte transcripts. a semi quantitative rt-pcr system was used with optimised qrt-pcr parameters at exponential pcr cycle for evaluation of temporal expression pattern of these genes over 24 h of ivm. 18s rrna was found more stable in i ...200817537596
ultrasonographic fetometry and determination of fetal sex in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).the aim of the current study was to establish ultrasonic biometric threshold of different fetal parts in buffaloes and to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasonic fetal sex determination. serial ultrasonographic examinations were carried out on twelve pregnant buffalo-cows, during which fetal parts were measured, and fetal sex and presentation were determined. the obtained results revealed that embryo and amniotic vesicle (av) were detected by the forth and fifth week of pregnancy, re ...200817544605
evaluation of sperm functional attributes in relation to in vitro sperm-zona pellucida binding ability and cleavage rate in assessing frozen thawed buffalo (bubalus bubalis) semen quality.the objective of this study was to evaluate sperm functional attributes in relation to in vitro sperm-zona binding ability and cleavage rate in assessing frozen thawed buffalo (bubalus bubalis) semen quality. frozen-thawed forty-eight ejaculates from eight surti buffalo bulls (six ejaculates/bull) obtained by artificial vagina were used. frozen semen from each bull was thawed, pooled, and subjected for sperm functional (six replicates) and in vitro fertilization (four replicates) tests. the prog ...200817576042
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin increases bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) replication in madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells in vitro.dioxin-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is a common environmental toxin of current interest. in the last years, higher levels of tcdd than those permitted in ue [european commission. 2002. european commission recommendation 2002/201/ce. official gazette, l 67/69] were detected in milk samples from cow, water buffalo, goat, and sheep raised on some areas of campania region (south italy). dioxin often causes immunosuppression and might render the animal liable to viral infections. in add ...200817516555
effect of reactive oxygen species on capacitation and associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa.in the present study, the effect of two particular reactive oxygen species (ros), superoxide anion (o(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) on buffalo (bubalus bubalis) sperm capacitation and associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation was studied. ejaculated buffalo spermatozoa were suspended in sp-talp medium at 50 x 10(6)/ml and incubated at 38.5 degrees c for 6h with or without heparin (10(g/ml; a positive control), or xanthine (x; 0.5mm)-xanthine oxidase (xo; 0.05 u/ml)-catalase (c; 2100 ...200817646064
in vitro embryo development and blastocyst hatching rates following vitrification of river buffalo embryos produced from oocytes recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries or live animals by ovum pick-up.the present study was undertaken to determine whether the source of oocytes (ovum pick up versus slaughterhouse ovaries) affected in vitro embryo production and embryo survival (as measured by blastocyst hatching rates) following vitrification in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis). oocytes recovered from live buffaloes (n=6) by ovum pick up (opu) and by manual aspiration from slaughterhouse ovaries were in vitro matured, fertilized and cultured to blastocyst stage under same culture conditions. vitrifi ...200817689038
duck egg yolk in extender improves the freezability of buffalo bull spermatozoa.we investigated the use of duck egg yolk (dey), guinea fowl egg yolk (gfey) and indian indigenous hen (desi) egg yolk (idey) in extender for improving the post-thaw quality of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa, and compared it with commercial hen egg yolk (chey; control). for this purpose, two consecutive ejaculates of semen from each of two nili-ravi buffalo bulls were collected on 1 day each week for 5 weeks (replicates; n=5) with artificial vagina (42 degrees c). split pooled ejacula ...200817709214
physicochemical properties and oxidative inactivation of soluble lectin from water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) brain.lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins present in a wide variety of plants and animals, which serve various important physiological functions. a soluble beta-galactoside binding lectin has been isolated and purified to homogeneity from buffalo brain using ammonium sulphate precipitation (40-70%) and gel permeation chromatography on sephadex g50-80 column. the molecular weight of buffalo brain lectin (bbl) as determined by sds-page under reducing and non-reducing conditions was 14.2 kda, howev ...200817763948
pathogenic 'bison-type' mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genotype characterized from riverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in north india.despite low per-animal productivity of ruminants in developing countries, johne's disease has not been investigated in buffaloes, which are primarily found in these countries. this is due to lack of expertise, diagnostic kits and priority to production diseases like johne's disease. presence of pathogenic mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) was investigated by screening of target tissues (mesenteric lymph nodes and large intestine) by culture and is 900 pcr, in 50 sacrificed bu ...200817804069
expression of cytochrome p450 aromatase transcripts in buffalo (bubalus bubalis)-ejaculated spermatozoa and its relationship with sperm motility.the cytochrome p450 aromatase (aromp450) deficient mice are infertile due to an impairment of spermatogenesis associated with a decrease in sperm motility and inability to fertilize oocytes. the sperm analysis showed decreased sperm motility in humans, having cyp19 gene mutations. further, in human, it was hypothesized that aromatase could be used as marker of sperm quality, particularly in the acquisition of its motility. however, there is no information regarding the expression of aromp450 in ...200817851018
molecular characterization of cdna encoding b. taurus cathelicidin-7 like antibiotic peptide from bone marrow cells of bubalus bubalis.cathelicidins represent a diverse family of endogenous cationic antibiotic peptide present in all mammalian species. in the present study, a novel cathelicidin cdna was identified and characterized from bone marrow cells of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) using rt-pcr based approach. the cdna encodes a propeptide of 1.18 kda with net positive charge at neutral ph. the precursor peptide possesses a signal peptide of 29 amino acids and a biologically active peptide of 34 residues. comparison of sequence ...200817852341
biological and genetic analysis of a bovine-like coronavirus isolated from water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves.we describe the isolation, biological and genetic characterization of a host-range variant of bovine coronavirus (bcov) detected in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). by conventional and real-time rt-pcr assays, the virus was demonstrated in the intestinal contents of two 20-day-old buffalo calves dead of a severe form of enteritis and in the feces of additional 17 buffalo calves with diarrhea. virus isolation, hemagglutination and receptor-destroying enzyme activity showed that the buffalo corona ...200817916374
detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) nucleic acid and antigen in different organs of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus that infects mainly bovine cattle. nevertheless, there are several reports about infections in other members of the artiodactyla order including serological studies, that indicate infection of bvdv in buffaloes. the aim of this article is to study the presence of bvdv in three young water buffaloes, displaying nonspecific clinical signs, compatible with the bvdv infection. both immunohistochemistry and rt-pcr confirmed the presence of bvdv in t ...200817949764
follicular fluid concentrations of glucose, lactate and pyruvate in buffalo and sheep, and their effects on cultured oocytes, granulosa and cumulus cells.the objective was to determine ovarian follicular fluid concentrations of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate in relation to follicle size in buffalo and sheep. the effect of varying concentrations of these substances on in vitro oocyte maturation, oocyte protein content, and granulosa and cumulus cell growth was also investigated. follicular fluid was aspirated from various sizes of follicles (from ovaries without a dominant follicle) collected from adult, cycling nonpregnant buffalo (bubalus bubali ...200817950822
effect of selenium and copper supplementation on blood metabolic profile in male buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves.twenty male buffalo calves (8-9 months, 112.1 +/- 7.69 kg) were divided into four groups of five animals in each and fed diets without (t1) or supplemented with 0.3 ppm selenium (se) (t2), 0.3 ppm se + 10 ppm copper (cu) (t3), and 10 ppm cu (t4) for 120 days during which blood samples were collected on day 0, 40, 80, and 120. concentrations of glucose, total protein, urea, uric acid, and creatinine were similar in all the four groups, but the level of globulin was significantly (p < 0.01) increa ...200818185997
multi-host transmission dynamics of schistosoma japonicum in samar province, the philippines.among the 6.7 million people living in areas of the philippines where infection with schistosoma japonicum is considered endemic, even within small geographical areas levels of infection vary considerably. in general, the ecological drivers of this variability are not well described. unlike other schistosomes, s. japonicum is known to infect several mammalian hosts. however, the relative contribution of different hosts to the transmission cycle is not well understood. here, we characterize the t ...200818215106
a novel method for species identification in milk and milk-based products.this study describes a method for species-specific detection of animal dna from different species (cattle, sheep, goat, water buffalo) in milk and dairy products. a primer set was designed in conserved region on the basis of the alignment of the sequence codifying the genomic kappa-casein gene in order to amplify all four species with a single primer pair. polymorphisms were detected via minisequencing with extension primers designed in conserved sequences for haplotype determination that allow ...200818226307
a survey of abortifacient infectious agents in livestock in luzon, the philippines, with emphasis on the situation in a cattle herd with abortion problems.in the philippines, insufficient consideration has been given to the implementation of systematic control measures against major abortifacient infectious agents in livestock. to elucidate the epidemiology of abortifacient infectious agents in livestock, the prevalence of four abortifacient agents was assessed. initially, a total of 96 cattle including 17 cows with history of abortion were examined in a herd in luzon at the request of the farm owner. six (35.3%) of the 17 aborting cows were found ...200818243149
[molecular phylogeny of the gayal inferred from the analysis of cytochrome b gene entire sequences].the gayal (bos frontalis) is a very rare, semi-wild and semi-domestic bovine species. there still exist remarkable divergences on the gayal's origin and phylogenetic status. the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene entire sequences (1,140 bp) of 11 gayals were sequenced and analyzed. combined with other bovine cyt b entire sequences cited in genbank, the phylogenetic trees of genus bos were reconstructed by neighbor-joining (nj) and maximum parsimony (mp) methods with bubalus bubalis as outgroup. sequence ...200818244904
a radiation hybrid map of river buffalo (bubalus bubalis) chromosome 7 and comparative mapping to the cattle and human genomes.a preliminary radiation hybrid (rh) map containing 50 loci on chromosome 7 of the domestic river buffalo bubalus bubalis (bbu; 2n = 50) was constructed based on a comparative mapping approach. the rh map of bbu7 includes thirty-seven gene markers and thirteen microsatellites. all loci have been previously assigned to bos taurus (bta) chromosome bta6, which is known for its association with several economically important milk production traits in cattle. the map consists of two linkage groups spa ...200818253035
comparative fish-mapping of twelve loci in river buffalo and sheep chromosomes: comparison with hsa8p and hsa4q.twelve loci (11 of type i and 1 of type ii) previously fish-mapped in cattle were comparatively fish-mapped in both river buffalo chromosome 1p (bbu1p) and homologous chromosome 26 of sheep (oar26), extending the cytogenetic maps in both chromosome species and providing a more precise localization of these loci in single chromosome bands than previous locations on bta27. bovine bac clones containing dctd, c4orf20, casp3, tlr3, msr1, fat, lonrf1, dlc1, c8orf41, cssm036, lsm1 and eif4ebp1 were use ...200818253036
cysteamine supplementation of in vitro maturation medium, in vitro culture medium or both media promotes in vitro development of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos.the effects of supplementation of in vitro maturation (ivm) or in vitro culture (ivc) or both ivm and ivc media with cysteamine on the yield, hatching rate (hr) and total cell number (tcn) of buffalo blastocysts were examined. oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse buffalo ovaries were subjected to ivm and ivf. the ivm or ivc media were supplemented with 0, 50, 100 or 200 microm cysteamine. supplementation of ivm medium with 50 microm cysteamine increased (p < 0.01) the cleavage rate and blastocys ...200818255014
comparative therapeutic effect of toltrazuril, sulphadimidine and amprolium on eimeria bovis and eimeria zuernii given at different times following infection in buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis).we compared the therapeutic effect of three anticoccidial drugs (toltrazuril, sulphadimidine and amprolium) in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves experimentally infected with eimeria bovis (e. bovis) and e. zuernii oocysts (3 x 104oocyst/calf). buffalo calves (1.5-4 month old, 70-kg body weight) were randomly allocated into 3 groups (9 calves each). group t was experimentally infected with oocysts and treated with toltrazuril (20 mg/kg bw twice orally at a 1-week interval). group s was experimenta ...200818262668
development of a pronuclear dna microinjection technique for production of green fluorescent protein-expressing bubaline (bubalus bubalis) embryos.oocytes from abattoir-derived bubaline (bubalus bubalis) ovaries were subjected to ivm and ivf; the objective was to develop a pronuclear dna microinjection technique to produce embryos expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp). the largest proportion (61.2%) of zygotes in which one (1 pn) or two pronuclei (2 pn) were visible was when centrifugation (14,000 x g for 15 min) was done 16 h after insemination. centrifugation had no adverse effects on cleavage rate, development to morulae/blastocyst ...200818272213
oocyte recovery by ovum pick up and embryo production in river buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).ovum pick up (opu) was conducted twice a week for 12 weeks in six cycling, non-descriptive (local breed), indian buffaloes to study the efficiency of opu on recovery of oocytes for embryo production. opu was performed using an ultrasound equipment with a 5-mhz transvaginal transducer, a single-lumen, 18-gauge, 55-cm-long needle and a constant vacuum pressure of 110 mmhg. the number and size of follicles were determined before puncture. the recovered oocytes were graded, washed, matured for 24 h ...200818282214
authentication of meat from game and domestic species by snapshot minisequencing analysis.the aim of the present study is to develop an assay for the specific identification of meat from capreolus capreolus, cervus elaphus, capra ibex, rupicapra rupicapra, targeting sequences of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of mitochondrial dna. the assay is also intended to enable differentiation between meat from these wild species as well as ovis aries, capra hircus, bubalus bubalis, bos taurus and sus scrofa domestic species. the primers used in the preliminary pcr were designed in well conserve ...200822063325
animal welfare at markets and during transport and slaughter.this review highlights some recent developments in our understanding of stress and physical injuries that occur before and during transport to slaughter, during handling at livestock markets, and at the time animals are put-up for slaughter within abattoirs. stress in pigs during transfer to the stunning point within the abattoir has important effects on meat quality, and there is growing evidence that strenuous exercise or co(2) stunning can contribute to oxidative rancidity in pigs, poultry an ...200822063164
false aneurysms in carotid arteries of cattle and water buffalo during shechita and halal slaughter.it has previously been shown that the cattle brain is supplied with blood via a basi-occipital plexus, in addition to branches from the carotid and basilar arteries. in addition it has been shown during conventional stunning and slaughter that the carotid arteries in cattle can develop false aneurysms at their severed ends and this can curtail exsanguination. this investigation examined whether false aneurysms can occur during religious slaughter, and during bleeding following electrical stunnin ...200822062756
effect of aging on the characteristics of meat from water buffalo grown in the delta del paraná region of argentina.fifteen crossbreed water buffalos were selected from a farm in delta del paraná, entre ríos province, argentina. animals were castrated males 20-24 months old reaching final live weights of 400-420kg. they were predominantly of mediterranean and murrah breeds and were feed in naturally grown pastures. tenderness and chewiness increased with postmortem aging (p<0.05). aging did not affect flavour and odour scores, even though certain off-flavours and off-odours were reported. changes in colour wi ...200822062913
in vivo changes in antioxidant system and protective role of selenium in chlorpyrifos-induced subchronic toxicity in bubalus bubalis.chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate, is one of the widely used insecticides for control of pests in various agricultural and animal husbandry operations. the objective of the present investigation was to assess the effect of subchronic exposure of chlorpyrifos on the antioxidant status of buffalo calves and to perceive the role of selenium in cases of chlorpyrifos toxicity. chlorpyrifos at a dose rate of 0.05mg/kg per day for 20 consecutive weeks, significantly elevated the enzymic activity of glut ...200821783886
α-tocopherol and l-ascorbic acid increase the in vitro development of ivm/ivf swamp buffalo ( bubalus bubalis) embryos.this study was conducted to investigate the effects of capacitating agents added at in vitro fertilization (ivf) and antioxidants supplemented during in vitro culture (ivc) on the development of buffalo embryos. in experiment i, in vitro embryo development of buffalo embryos was compared when the ivf medium was supplemented with heparin, caffeine and calcium ionophore a23187 either alone or in combination. there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the cleavage rates of oocytes among the ...200822443906
characterization of osteopontin gene of bubalus bubalis.osteopontin, a glycoprotein, is expressed in several tissues including the mammary gland. the gene has been reported to be associated with milk and its constituents in various livestock species. this gene was sequenced in buffalo and it coded for the protein of 280 amino acids with the conserved grgds domain. the sequence was confirmed from the cdna sequence derived from the mammary gland of buffalo. the earlier-reported 9t/10t variation in the upstream region of the gene was investigated for it ...200822443697
protease activity higher in postmortem water buffalo meat than brahman beef.we previously demonstrated that postmortem water buffalo meat had higher tenderness than brahman beef. in order to explain this difference in tenderness, the objective of the current study was to investigate the protease activity in these two meats. five female crossbred water buffalo (philippine carabao×bulgarian murrah) and five female crossbred cattle (brahman×philippine native) were slaughtered at 30months of age, followed by immediate sampling of longissimus thoracis muscle for measurement ...200722061792
some qualitative and chromatic aspects of thawed buffalo (bubalus bubalis) meat.after thawing, the meat of beef calves (italian frisian breed) and buffalo calves (mediterranean breed) slaughtered at 4, 8 and 12 months of age was examined. both the ph and the thawing loss confirmed that the meat of buffalo calves is more suitable for preservation by freezing. with increased age and time of exposure to air the lightness of the non-renewed surface was reduced. the lightness of the fresh cut surface remained stable in the various thawing phases though it was less in the older a ...200722064306
difference in tenderness and ph decline between water buffalo meat and beef during postmortem aging.the objective of this research was to determine the difference in tenderness and some characteristics of water buffalo meat and beef during postmortem aging. five female crossbred water-buffalo (philippine carabao×bulgarian murrah) and five female crossbred cattle (brahman×philippine native), were finished on the same diet for 6 months and slaughtered at 30 months of age. the muscle ph was measured at 40min, 3h, 7h, 24h, and 48h postmortem. longissimus thoracis (lt) and semimembranosus (sm) musc ...200722063807
mineral content of longissimus dorsi thoracis from water buffalo and zebu-influenced cattle at four comparative ages.the longissimus dorsi thoracis (ldt) of 64 water buffalo and 68 zebu-influenced cattle was used to determine the mineral content variation (mg/100g of fresh tissue) according to species, age (7, 17, 19 and 24 months-of-age, moa) and gender (steers and bulls). buffalo ldt had higher concentrations of k, mn, fe, zn and cu at weaning (p<0.05). phosphorous content was higher (p<0.05) at post-weaning ages. mineral profile was affected by age without clear trends; the na and k contents increased at 24 ...200722063805
post-exposure serological and bacteriological responses of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) to brucella abortus biovar 1 following vaccination with brucella abortus strain rb51.serological and bacteriological responses to brucella abortus biovar 1 following vaccination with b. abortus strain rb51 (rb51) were evaluated in thirty domestic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) randomly divided into five treatment groups. groups i to v received, respectively, the recommended dose (rd) of rb51 vaccine once, rd twice 4 weeks apart, double rd once, double rd twice 4 weeks apart, and saline once (control). vaccination did not result in a serological response. experimental animals re ...200718293615
molecular identification of cryptosporidium parvum and giardia duodenalis in the italian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).livestock are commonly infected with protozoan parasites of the genera cryptosporidium and giardia, and some of the species and genotypes found in these animals have zoonotic significance. we characterized isolates of both parasites recovered from the italian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), an economically important species whose milk is used for the production of "buffalo mozzarella" fresh cheese. molecular analysis of the cryptosporidium small subunit ribosomal dna gene and of the giardia bet ...200717951009
expression of the serotonin transporter (sert) in the choroid plexuses from buffalo brain.choroid plexuses (cps) play pivotal roles in a wide range of processes that establish, survey, and maintain the biochemical and cellular status of the central nervous system. mammalian cps contain a very high density of serotonin receptors, and serotonin has been shown to affect cp functions. the serotonin transporter (sert) regulates the entire serotonergic system, including serotonin receptors by means of modulation of serotonin concentration in the extracellular fluid. in this study, the expr ...200717957753
genetic diversity and differentiation of chinese domestic buffalo based on 30 microsatellite markers.to determine genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among chinese buffalo populations, 18 indigenous swamp buffalo populations and two introduced river buffalo breeds were genotyped for 30 microsatellite loci. the mean number of alleles across the 30 loci was 8.13, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.517 (yanjin) to 0.609 (dehong). although there was abundant genetic variation, genetic differentiation between chinese buffalo populations was low, with only 2.8% of the total ge ...200717980000
application of recombinant sjc26gst for serodiagnosis of schistosoma japonicum infection in water buffalo (bos buffelus).schistosomiasis japonica is currently the most serious parasitic disease in mainland china and it is estimated that several million people are infected. furthermore, it is also responsible for the deaths of many domestic animals. in order to establish an effective diagnostic method, the gene encoding sjc26gst was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with his-tag. the purified resjc26gst was used as an antigen for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and for immuno ...200717997225
the sarcocystis-cyst containing beef and pork as the sources of natural intestinal sarcocystosis in thai people.human intestinal sarcocystosis is a zoonotic disease caused by two coccidians, i.e. sarcocystis fusiformis (syn. s. bovihominis, s. hominis) due to consumption of raw infected beef and sarcocystis meischeriana (syn. s. suihominis) due to consumption of infected raw pork. in 1987, survey of the macroscopic s. fusiformis cysts in market beef mainly from old water buffalos aged more than 15 years were commonly observed in bangkok. in 2005, the macroscopic cyst was no longer seen in beef of cattle a ...200718041433
occurrence of antibodies against neospora caninum in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) on four ranches in corrientes province, argentina.the aim of the present work was to describe the occurrence of antibodies to neospora caninum in water buffaloes on four ranches located in corrientes province in the northeast of argentina. antibodies against n. caninum were determined in sera of 449 water buffaloes by using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). a bayesian logistic regression mixed model was used to quantify the strength of association between positive serological results to n. caninum and gender, age and category (calf, ...200717950535
cloning the swamp buffalo sry gene for embryo sexing with multiplex-nested pcr.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is an efficient method for sexing embryos. the objective of this study was to develop an accurate and reliable method for sexing swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos. the sry gene from swamp buffalo genomic dna was amplified by pcr, using primers based on the sequence of the holstein sry gene. this fragment was sequenced based on a blast search; the sry gene was highly conserved. using a southern blot, there was a strong signal in genomic dna only from male ...200717928043
phylogeography and domestication of indian river buffalo.the water buffalo- bubalus bubalis holds tremendous potential in livestock sector in many asian countries, particularly india. the origin, domestication and genetic structure of the indian river buffalo are poorly understood. therefore, to understand the relationship among the maternal lineages of indian river buffalo breeds and their domestication process, we analysed mitochondrial d-loop region of 217 animals representing eight breeds from eight different locations in india along with publishe ...200717915036
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to measure growth hormone level in serum and milk of buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).an indirect sandwich elisa to measure growth hormone level in serum and milk of buffaloes was developed. the assay was based on purified anti rbst igg raised in rabbits and chicken and rabbit anti chicken igg horseradish peroxidase. the assay was validated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision and recovery. parallelism was demonstrated between the standard curve and serially diluted serum, milk and pituitary derived growth hormone. sensitivity of the assay was 0.1 ng/ml. recovery of ex ...200717821853
resolving a zoological mystery: the kouprey is a real species.the kouprey is a rare and enigmatic forest ox discovered by scientists in cambodia only in 1937. numerous morphological hypotheses have been proposed for the origin of the kouprey: that it is a species closely related to banteng and gaur, two other wild oxen of southeast asia; a morphologically divergent species placed in a separate genus, named novibos; a wild species linked to aurochs and domestic cattle; a vicariant population of banteng; a feral cattle; or a hybrid of banteng with either zeb ...200717848372
molecular detection of leptospira species in aborted fetuses of water buffalo. 200717766812
seasonal variation in nuclear dna integrity of frozen-thawed spermatozoa from thai ai swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).in this study, we investigated the susceptibility of frozen-thawed swamp buffalo sperm nuclear dna to undergo controlled acid-induced denaturation in situ, as analysed by flow cytometry, and aimed to correlate the results with sperm head morphology over three seasons in tropical thailand. artificial insemination (ai) doses (n = 218) from 18 ai buffalo sires, prepared between 1980 and 1989 and 2003 and 2005, were tested and compared among three seasons, the rainy season, july-october; winter, nov ...200717718812
cryptosporidium and giardia in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) of the italian mediterranean bred. 200717682888
reproduction in the water buffalo.in this paper, an account of various aspects related to buffalo reproduction are given. fundamental concepts of the reproductive physiology as well as manipulation of the reproductive function will be presented. this will include an overview of the most recent developments of the oestrous cycle and the ovulation control, new strategies of reproductive management for the improvement of genetic gain and the application of newly developed reproductive technologies, such as in vitro embryo productio ...200717688599
isolation and characterization of eg-like cells from chinese swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis).there have been few studies done on the isolation and characterization of chinese swamp buffalo embryonic germ cells (eg cells). here, we first report on eg-like cells isolated from chinese swamp buffalo fetuses. the results showed the cells grew in large, multilayered colonies, which were densely packed with an obvious border resembling mouse embryonic stem cells (es cells) and eg cells. the buffalo eg-like cells expressed ap, ssea-1, ssea-3, ssea-4 and oct-4. by rt-pcr, we found that undiffere ...200717532234
microvascular architecture of the near-term uterine caruncles in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).the present investigation was carried out on five near-term pregnant water buffaloes for studying the microvascular architecture of the uterine caruncles. the vascular casts were obtained by injection of 4:1 mixture of mercox and methylmethacrylate through the branches of the uterine arteries. after complete polymerization of the plastic, corrosion was conducted in 20% potassium hydroxide, then the vessel casts were immersed in distilled water, cut into small pieces, sputter coated with gold, an ...200717535357
importation of in vitro-produced bubalus bubalis embryos from italy into the united states: a case report.on december 19, 2005, 14 in vitro-fertilized water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos, which had been cryopreserved by vitrification, were thawed and transferred into b. bubalis recipients in california. the embryos had been produced in italy, following transvaginal oocyte pickup (tvopu), with subsequent in vitro maturation, insemination, and culture. this case study relates our experience in meeting the regulatory criteria, established by the animal import/export office of the usda-animal and pl ...200717582487
pregnancy and calving rates following transfer of in-vitro-produced river and f1 (river x swamp) buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos in recipients on natural oestrus or synchronised for ovulation.the main objective of this study was to compare pregnancy and calving rates following transfer of in-vitro-produced fresh river and f1 (river x swamp) buffalo embryos in recipients synchronised by ovsynch protocol or following natural oestrus. river embryos were produced from cumulus-oocyte complexes (cocs) derived by ovum pick up (opu) on 40 murrah and nili-ravi donor buffaloes over a twice-weekly collection schedule for 120 single opus. f1 embryos were produced by fertilisation of swamp cocs r ...200717601415
sequence of gdf 8 (myostatin) gene in bubalus bubalis.the sequence of myostatin gene (growth differentiation factor 8 [gdf 8]) in indian riverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is reported. the genomic dna as well as mrna were sequenced. the sequence is conserved across all the livestock species. five nonsynonymous changes as compared to cattle were found in this study and were also confirmed by mrna sequence. two intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were identified in buffalo.200717612840
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