Publications
Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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interactome analysis of the human respiratory syncytial virus rna polymerase complex identifies protein chaperones as important cofactors that promote l-protein stability and rna synthesis. | the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) core viral rna polymerase comprises the large polymerase protein (l) and its cofactor, the phosphoprotein (p), which associate with the viral ribonucleoprotein complex to replicate the genome and, together with the m2-1 protein, transcribe viral mrnas. while cellular proteins have long been proposed to be involved in the synthesis of hrsv rna by associating with the polymerase complex, their characterization has been hindered by the difficulty of puri ... | 2015 | 25355874 |
identification of residues in the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein that modulate fusion activity and pathogenesis. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection can result in inflammation and mucus plugging of airways. rsv strain a2-line19f induces relatively high viral load and mucus in mice. the line 19 fusion (f) protein harbors five unique residues compared to the non-mucus-inducing strains a2 and long, at positions 79, 191, 357, 371, and 557. we hypothesized that differential fusion activity is a determinant of pathogenesis. in a cell-cell fusion assay, line 19 f was more fus ... | 2015 | 25339762 |
control of pathogenic effector t-cell activities in situ by pd-l1 expression on respiratory inflammatory dendritic cells during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in young infants, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. we demonstrate here that the co-inhibitory molecule programmed cell death 1 (pd-1) is selectively upregulated on t cells within the respiratory tract during both murine and human rsv infection. importantly, the interaction of pd-1 with its ligand pd-l1 is vital to restrict the pro-inflammatory activities of lung effector t cells ... | 2015 | 25465101 |
dual proinflammatory and antiviral properties of pulmonary eosinophils in respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of morbidity and severe lower respiratory tract disease in the elderly and very young, with some infants developing bronchiolitis, recurrent wheezing, and asthma following infection. previous studies in humans and animal models have shown that vaccination with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) leads to prominent airway eosinophilic inflammation following rsv challenge; however, the roles of pulmonary eosinophilia in the antiviral response ... | 2015 | 25410867 |
new epidemiological and clinical signatures of 18 pathogens from respiratory tract infections based on a 5-year study. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are a heavy burden on society. however, due to the complex etiology of rtis, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections remain challenging, especially in developing countries. | 2015 | 26406339 |
modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin d. | vitamin d deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ari) in a number of observational studies, and meta-analysis of clinical trials of vitamin d supplementation for prevention of ari has demonstrated protective effects. several cellular studies have investigated the effects of vitamin d metabolites on immune responses to respiratory viruses, but syntheses of these reports are lacking. | 2015 | 26035247 |
review of non-bacterial infections in respiratory medicine: viral pneumonia. | although bacteria are the main pathogens involved in community-acquired pneumonia, a significant number of community-acquired pneumonia are caused by viruses, either directly or as part of a co-infection. the clinical picture of these different pneumonias can be very similar, but viral infection is more common in the pediatric and geriatric populations, leukocytes are not generally elevated, fever is variable, and upper respiratory tract symptoms often occur; procalcitonin levels are not general ... | 2015 | 25957460 |
viral infections in outpatients with medically attended acute respiratory illness during the 2012-2013 influenza season. | while it is known that acute respiratory illness (ari) is caused by an array of viruses, less is known about co-detections and the resultant comparative symptoms and illness burden. this study examined the co-detections, the distribution of viruses, symptoms, and illness burden associated with ari between december 2012 and march 2013. | 2015 | 25887948 |
one-year prospective study of community acquired influenza and parainfluenza viral infections in hospitalized egyptian children with malignancy: single center experience. | respiratory viruses are widespread in the community and easily transmitted to immunocompromised patients. | 2015 | 25871509 |
high prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in hajj pilgrims returning to ghana, 2013. | the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) emerged in 2012 on the arabian peninsula and has caused severe respiratory disease with more than 800 laboratory-confirmed cases. the return of infected pilgrims to their home countries with a putative spread of mers-cov necessitates further surveillance. | 2015 | 25688471 |
synthesis and biological evaluation of strictosamide derivatives with improved antiviral and antiproliferative activities. | a series of novel derivatives of strictosamide were synthesized and biologically evaluated. most of the new compounds exhibited improved activities than the parent compound strictosamide. among them, compounds ib and if possessed antiviral activities against influenza a virus (a/jinan/15/90) with ic50 values of 4.12 and 12.35 μg/ml, respectively. compound ie possessed antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with an ic50 value of 9.58 μg/ml. both compounds iic and iid had mod ... | 2015 | 25589048 |
comparison of xtag respiratory virus panel and verigene respiratory virus plus for detecting influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. | nucleic acid amplification tests have allowed simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses. | 2015 | 24796703 |
prospective comparison of rt-pcr/esi-ms to prodesse proflu plus and cepheid genxpert for the detection of influenza a and b viruses. | rt-pcr/esi-ms has previously demonstrated the capability to detect and identify respiratory viral pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs. this study expands on previous research by performing a prospective evaluation of rt-pcr/esi-ms to detect and identify influenza a and b viruses compared to prodesse proflu plus and combined proflu plus and cepheid xpert flu. proflu plus was also used as a gold standard for comparison for respiratory syncytial virus detection. using proflu plus as a gold standard, ... | 2015 | 25681525 |
safety and immunogenicity of novel respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines based on the rsv viral proteins f, n and m2-1 encoded by simian adenovirus (panad3-rsv) and mva (mva-rsv); protocol for an open-label, dose-escalation, single-centre, phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes respiratory disease throughout life, with infants and the elderly at risk of severe disease and death. rsv001 is a phase 1 (first-in-man), open-label, dose-escalation, clinical trial of novel genetic viral-vectored vaccine candidates panad3-rsv and modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva)-rsv. the objective of rsv001 is to characterise the (primary objective) safety and (secondary objective) immunogenicity of these vaccines in healthy younger and ol ... | 2015 | 26510727 |
chimpanzee adenovirus- and mva-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory infection in annual epidemics, with infants and the elderly at particular risk of developing severe disease and death. however, despite its importance, no vaccine exists. the chimpanzee adenovirus, panad3-rsv, and modified vaccinia virus ankara, mva-rsv, are replication-defective viral vectors encoding the rsv fusion (f), nucleocapsid (n), and matrix (m2-1) proteins for the induction of humoral and cellular responses. we performed an open-labe ... | 2015 | 26268313 |
mucosal delivery of a vectored rsv vaccine is safe and elicits protective immunity in rodents and nonhuman primates. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. no vaccine is presently available to address this major unmet medical need. we generated a new genetic vaccine based on chimpanzee adenovirus (panad3-rsv) and modified vaccinia ankara rsv (mva-rsv) encoding the f, n, and m2-1 proteins of rsv, for the induction of neutralizing antibodies and broad cellular immunity. because rsv infection is restricted to the respiratory tract, we compare ... | 2015 | 26015988 |
efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5)-based tuberculosis vaccines in mice. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (tb), is an important human pathogen. bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), a live, attenuated variant of mycobacterium bovis, is currently the only available tb vaccine despite its low efficacy against the infectious pulmonary form of the disease in adults. thus, a more-effective tb vaccine is needed. parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5), a paramyxovirus, has several characteristics that make it an attractive vaccine vector. it is safe, inexpe ... | 2015 | 26552000 |
development of next-generation respiratory virus vaccines through targeted modifications to viral immunomodulatory genes. | vaccines represent one of the greatest contributions of the scientific community to global health. yet, many pathogens remain either unchallenged or inadequately hindered by commercially available vaccines. respiratory viruses pose distinct and difficult challenges due to their ability to rapidly spread, adapt, and modify the host immune response. considerable research has been directed to understand the role of respiratory virus immunomodulatory proteins and how they influence the host immune r ... | 2015 | 26434947 |
mumps virus is released from the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells, and the release is facilitated by a rab11-mediated transport system. | mumps virus (muv) is an airborne virus that causes a systemic infection in patients. in vivo, the epithelium is a major replication site of muv, and thus, the mode of muv infection of epithelial cells is a subject of interest. our data in the present study showed that muv entered polarized epithelial cells via both the apical and basolateral surfaces, while progeny viruses were predominantly released from the apical surface. in polarized cells, intracellular transport of viral ribonucleoprotein ... | 2015 | 26378159 |
blunted inflammatory and mucosal iga responses to pneumonia virus of mice in c57bl/6 neonates are correlated to reduced protective immunity upon re-infection as elderly mice. | respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) causes similar disease in mice. the impact of pvm infection in balb/c and c57bl/6 neonates, and upon re-infection as elderly mice, was compared. as previously shown for adult mice, pvm caused more disease in balb/c than in c57bl/6 neonates. after pvm-15 infection balb/c neonates showed higher production of inflammatory mediators, more influx of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and higher ifn-α ... | 2015 | 26298860 |
the caspase inhibitor zvad increases lung inflammation in pneumovirus infection in mice. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease is a frequent cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) in young children, and is associated with marked lung epithelial injury and neutrophilic inflammation. experimental studies on ards have shown that inhibition of apoptosis in the lungs reduces lung epithelial injury. however, the blockade of apoptosis in the lungs may also have deleterious effects by hampering viral clearance, and importantly, by enhancing or prolonging local proinf ... | 2015 | 25780096 |
protein-protein interactions of viroporins in coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses: new targets for antivirals? | viroporins are members of a rapidly growing family of channel-forming small polypeptides found in viruses. the present review will be focused on recent structural and protein-protein interaction information involving two viroporins found in enveloped viruses that target the respiratory tract; (i) the envelope protein in coronaviruses and (ii) the small hydrophobic protein in paramyxoviruses. deletion of these two viroporins leads to viral attenuation in vivo, whereas data from cell culture shows ... | 2015 | 26053927 |
presentation of severe combined immunodeficiency with respiratory syncytial virus and pneumocystis co-infection. | severe combined immunodeficiency can cause severe, life-threatening viral, bacterial and fungal infections at an early age. we report a case of a 4-month-old boy with co-infection by respiratory syncytial virus and pneumocystis jiroveci infection that led to recognition of severe combined immunodeficiency. | 2015 | 25247585 |
detection of respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in healthy infants. | despite the research importance of rhinovirus detection in asymptomatic healthy infants, the literature remains sparse. | 2015 | 26608824 |
anti-rsv prophylaxis efficacy for infants and young children with cystic fibrosis in ireland. | there is limited evidence supporting the routine use of palivizumab in paediatric cystic fibrosis (cf) patients to reduce respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and related hospitalisation. despite this, anti-rsv prophylaxis is increasingly common. this is the first report from ireland regarding palivizumab outcomes for children with cf, under 2 years old, despite the greatest prevalence of cf globally. | 2015 | 26473032 |
viruses detected by systematic multiplex polymerase chain reaction in adults with suspected community-acquired pneumonia attending emergency departments in france. | infectious agents associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) are under-studied. this study attempted to identify viruses from the upper respiratory tract in adults visiting emergency departments for clinically suspected cap. adults with suspected cap enrolled in the escaped study (impact of computed tomography on cap diagnosis) had prospective nasopharyngeal (np) samples studied by multiplex pcr (targeting 15 viruses and four intracellular bacteria). an adjudication committee composed of ... | 2015 | 25704448 |
bronchiolitis associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae in infants in suzhou china between 2010 and 2012. | viruses cause most cases of bronchiolitis in infants; consequently the importance of other agents such as mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) in the etiology of bronchiolitis may not be fully recognized. we investigated the prevalence and seasonal distribution of bronchiolitis caused by mp in 674 children admitted to the children's hospital affiliated with soochow university from january 2010 to december 2012. the presence of mp was confirmed by real-time pcr. during the 3 years, we identified mp in 17.2 ... | 2015 | 25597274 |
[pathogen detection of 1 613 cases of hospitalized children with community acquired pneumonia]. | to investigate the distribution of pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia (cap) from the chongqing area. | 2015 | 26575877 |
[distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and its relationship with clinical features in children with community-acquired pneumonia]. | to study the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms in different genders, age groups and seasons in children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and the relationship between the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and clinical features. | 2015 | 26483223 |
cotton rat immune responses to virus-like particles containing the pre-fusion form of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. | virus-like particles (vlps) based on newcastle disease virus (ndv) core proteins, m and np, and containing two chimera proteins, f/f and h/g, composed of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (f) and glycoprotein (g) ectodomains fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the ndv f and hn proteins, respectively, stimulate durable, protective anti-rsv neutralizing antibodies in mice. furthermore, immunization of mice with a vlp containing a f/f chimera protein with modifi ... | 2015 | 26541285 |
protection conferred by virus-like particle vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice by intranasal vaccination. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major pathogen in infants and the elderly, causing pneumonia and bronchiolitis. despite decades of research, to date there is still no approved rsv vaccine available. in this study, we developed rsv virus-like particle (vlp) vaccines containing an rsv fusion (f) and/or attachment (g) protein with newcastle disease virus (ndv) as the platform. the vlps were expressed in a baculovirus system and purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. balb/c mice immuniz ... | 2015 | 25933187 |
murine immune responses to virus-like particle-associated pre- and postfusion forms of the respiratory syncytial virus f protein. | virus-like particles (vlps) built on the newcastle disease virus (ndv) core proteins, np and m, and containing two chimeric proteins, f/f and h/g, composed of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein (f) and glycoprotein (g) ectodomains fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the ndv f and hn proteins, respectively, stimulate durable, protective rsv neutralizing antibodies in mice. here, we report the properties of vlps constructed to contain mutant rsv f protein ectodomain ... | 2015 | 25903340 |
incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults in rural thailand, 2006-2011: implications for pneumococcal vaccine considerations. | the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults is a key driver for the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine used among children. we sought to obtain more accurate incidence estimates among adults by including results of pneumococcal urine antigen testing (uat) from population-based pneumonia surveillance in two thai provinces. active surveillance from 2006 to 2011 identified acute lower respiratory infection (alri)-related hospital admissions. adult cases of pneumococcal pn ... | 2015 | 26503277 |
knowledge gaps on paediatric respiratory infections in morocco, northern africa. | the burden of acute respiratory infections (ari) among moroccan children remains significant. however, scarce information is available regarding trends in its epidemiology and etiology, or regarding its associated prognostic factors. the purpose of this work was to review available data on the burden of ari among children under five years of age in morocco. | 2015 | 26078866 |
detection of viral and bacterial pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory illnesses, chongqing, 2009-2013. | acute respiratory infections (aris) cause large disease burden each year. the codetection of viral and bacterial pathogens is quite common; however, the significance for clinical severity remains controversial. we aimed to identify viruses and bacteria in hospitalized children with ari and the impact of mixed detections.hospitalized children with ari aged ≤16 were recruited from 2009 to 2013 at the children's hospital of chongqing medical university, chongqing, china. nasopharyngeal aspirates (n ... | 2015 | 25906103 |
severe acute respiratory illness deaths in sub-saharan africa and the role of influenza: a case series from 8 countries. | data on causes of death due to respiratory illness in africa are limited. | 2015 | 25712970 |
antiviral and antitumor activities of the lectin extracted from aspidistra elatior. | lectins, a group of highly diverse proteins of non-immune origin and are ubiquitously distributed in plants, animals and fungi, have multiple significant biological functions, such as anti-fungal, anti-viral and, most notably, anti-tumor activities. a lectin was purified from the rhizomes of aspidistra elatior blume, named a. elatior lectin (ael). in vitro experiments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ael against the vesicular stomatitis virus, coxsackie virus b4, and respirat ... | 2015 | 25854839 |
ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase mediates nf-κb serine 276 phosphorylation and interferon expression via the irf7-rig-i amplification loop in paramyxovirus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a primary etiological agent of childhood lower respiratory tract disease. molecular patterns induced by active infection trigger a coordinated retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling response to induce inflammatory cytokines and antiviral mucosal interferons. recently, we discovered a nuclear oxidative stress-sensitive pathway mediated by the dna damage response protein, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm), in cytokine-induce ... | 2015 | 25520509 |
host proteome correlates of vaccine-mediated enhanced disease in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. despite over 50 years of research, to date no safe and efficacious rsv vaccine has been licensed. many experimental vaccination strategies failed to induce balanced t-helper (th) responses and were associated with adverse effects such as hypersensitivity and immunopathology upon challenge. in this study, we explored the well-established recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) rsv-f/rsv-g vaccination ... | 2015 | 25694607 |
partial attenuation of respiratory syncytial virus with a deletion of a small hydrophobic gene is associated with elevated interleukin-1β responses. | the small hydrophobic (sh) gene of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of infant hospitalization, encodes a viroporin of unknown function. sh gene knockout virus (rsv δsh) is partially attenuated in vivo, but not in vitro, suggesting that the sh protein may have an immunomodulatory role. rsv δsh has been tested as a live attenuated vaccine in humans and cattle, and here we demonstrate that it protected against viral rechallenge in mice. we compared the immune response to infection w ... | 2015 | 26085154 |
viral aetiology of common colds of outpatient children at primary care level and the use of antibiotics. | although antibiotics are ineffective against viral respiratory infections, studies have shown high rates of prescriptions worldwide. we conducted a study in brazil to determine the viral aetiologies of common colds in children and to describe the use of antibiotics for these patients. children up to 12 years with common colds were enrolled from march 2008-february 2009 at a primary care level facility and followed by regular telephone calls and medical consultations. a nasopharyngeal wash was ob ... | 2015 | 26560978 |
diagnosis of viral infections using myxovirus resistance protein a (mxa). | myxoma resistance protein 1 (mxa) is induced during viral infections. mxa testing could be helpful to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections. | 2015 | 25802344 |
structural virology. near-atomic cryo-em structure of the helical measles virus nucleocapsid. | measles is a highly contagious human disease. we used cryo-electron microscopy and single particle-based helical image analysis to determine the structure of the helical nucleocapsid formed by the folded domain of the measles virus nucleoprotein encapsidating an rna at a resolution of 4.3 angstroms. the resulting pseudoatomic model of the measles virus nucleocapsid offers important insights into the mechanism of the helical polymerization of nucleocapsids of negative-strand rna viruses, in parti ... | 2015 | 25883315 |
unity in diversity: shared mechanism of entry among paramyxoviruses. | the paramyxoviridae family includes many viruses that are pathogenic in humans, including parainfluenza viruses, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and the emerging zoonotic henipaviruses. no effective treatments are currently available for these viruses, and there is a need for efficient antiviral therapies. paramyxoviruses enter the target cell by binding to a cell surface receptor and then fusing the viral envelope with the target cell membrane, allowing the release of the viral geno ... | 2015 | 25595799 |
detecting respiratory viral rna using expanded genetic alphabets and self-avoiding dna. | nucleic acid (na)-targeted tests detect and quantify viral dna and rna (collectively xna) to support epidemiological surveillance and, in individual patients, to guide therapy. they commonly use polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription pcr. although these all have rapid turnaround, they are expensive to run. multiplexing would allow their cost to be spread over multiple targets, but often only with lower sensitivity and accuracy, noise, false positives, and false negatives; thes ... | 2015 | 26299645 |
oral ribavirin for the treatment of noninfluenza respiratory viral infections: a systematic review. | to review clinical outcomes data for patients treated with oral ribavirin for noninfluenza respiratory viral infections (nirvis). | 2015 | 26228937 |
[the comparative analysis of effectiveness of quick tests in diagnostic of influenza and respiratory syncytial viral infection in children]. | the analysis was implemented concerning diagnostic parameters of commercial quick tests (immune chromatographic tests binaxnow influenza a&b and binaxnow rsv alere, scarborough inc., usa) under detection of antigens of influenza virus a and respiratory syncytial virus in clinical materials. the polymerase chain reaction in real-time and isolation ofviruses in cell cultures. the analysis of naso-pharyngeal smears from 116 children demonstrated that sensitivity and specifcity of detection of influ ... | 2015 | 26999865 |
ormdl3 variants associated with bronchiolitis susceptibility in a chinese population. | recent studies revealed common genetic risks for both viral bronchiolitis and asthma. genome-wide association studies revealed that rs7216389 in the ormdl3 gene is associated with childhood asthma. we conducted a case-control study examining the associations between ormdl3 polymorphisms (rs7216389, rs12603332, and rs11650680) and bronchiolitis susceptibility/viral findings among 247 infant bronchiolitis cases and 190 healthy controls. we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms by matrix-assist ... | 2015 | 26782568 |
adherence to palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus prevention in the canadian registry of palivizumab. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. palivizumab, a means of passive prophylaxis, relies on patient adherence to ensure therapeutic effectiveness. the objective of this study is to evaluate the association between adherence and the incidence of rsv-associated outcomes and to identify demographic factors that may impact adherence. | 2015 | 26780032 |
causative agents of severe community acquired viral pneumonia among children in eastern thailand. | pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and young children. the most common causes of pneumonia in children are respiratory viruses. in thailand, the epidemiology of the viruses causing community-acquired pneumonia (cap) among children is poorly defined. in this cross sectional study we used nasopharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized children diagnosed with severe cap in accordance with who criteria between june 2013 and may 2014 to determine the causes of i ... | 2015 | 26867384 |
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease - new data needed to guide future policy. | rsv is the main cause of childhood lower respiratory infections, globally, an important cause of childhood wheeze and may be responsible for a substantial burden of disease in the very elderly and in adults with chronic medical problems, such as copd. it is thus responsible for substantial healthcare and social costs. there are currently many companies and academic groups developing and testing candidate vaccines and there is an expectation that these will lead to effective and safe vaccines whi ... | 2015 | 26755941 |
clinical decision support and palivizumab: a means to protect from respiratory syncytial virus. | palivizumab can reduce hospitalizations due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), but many eligible infants fail to receive the full 5-dose series. the efficacy of clinical decision support (cds) in fostering palivizumab receipt has not been studied. we sought a comprehensive solution for identifying eligible patients and addressing barriers to palivizumab administration. | 2015 | 26767069 |
revised recommendations concerning palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | respiratory syncytial virus infections are one of the leading causes of severe respiratory diseases that require hospitalization and, in some cases, intensive care. once resolved, there may be respiratory sequelae of varying severity. the lack of effective treatments for bronchiolitis and the lack of vaccines for rsv accentuate the role of prevention in decreasing the impact of this disease. prevention of bronchiolitis strongly relies on the adoption of environment and the hygienic behavior meas ... | 2015 | 26670908 |
gs-5806 inhibits a broad range of respiratory syncytial virus clinical isolates by blocking the virus-cell fusion process. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. in addition, rsv causes significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized elderly and immunocompromised patients. currently, only palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the rsv fusion (f) protein, and inhaled ribavirin are approved for the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of rsv, respectively. therefore, there is a clinical need for safe and effective therapeutic ... | 2015 | 26666922 |
oxidative stress and inflamatory plasma biomarkers in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | oxidative stress (os) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases. | 2015 | 26663823 |
direct inhibition of cellular fatty acid synthase impairs replication of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses. | fatty acid synthase (fasn) catalyzes the de novo synthesis of palmitate, a fatty acid utilized for synthesis of more complex fatty acids, plasma membrane structure, and post-translational palmitoylation of host and viral proteins. we have developed a potent inhibitor of fasn (tvb-3166) that reduces the production of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) progeny in vitro from infected human lung epithelial cells (a549) and in vivo from mice challenged intranasally with rsv. addition of tvb-3166 to th ... | 2015 | 26659560 |
respiratory syncytial virus uses cx3cr1 as a receptor on primary human airway epithelial cultures. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory disease in infants, but no vaccine or effective therapy is available. the initiation of rsv infection of immortalized cells is largely dependent on cell surface heparan sulfate (hs), a receptor for the rsv attachment (g) glycoprotein in immortalized cells. however, rsv infects the ciliated cells in primary well differentiated human airway epithelial (hae) cultures via the apical surface, but hs is not detectable on ... | 2015 | 26658574 |
correction: molecular characterization of circulating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) genotypes in gilgit baltistan province of pakistan during 2011-2012 winter season. | 2015 | 26678561 | |
brief history and characterization of enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease. | in 1967, infants and toddlers immunized with a formalin-inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) experienced an enhanced form of rsv disease characterized by high fever, bronchopneumonia, and wheezing when they became infected with wild-type virus in the community. hospitalizations were frequent, and two immunized toddlers died upon infection with wild-type rsv. the enhanced disease was initially characterized as a "peribronchiolar monocytic infiltration with some excess in ... | 2015 | 26677198 |
pulmonary c fibers modulate mmp-12 production via par2 and are involved in the long-term airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness induced by respiratory syncytial virus infection. | children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection often develop sequelae of persistent airway inflammation and wheezing. pulmonary c fibers (pcfs) are involved in the generation of airway inflammation and resistance; however, their role in persistent airway diseases after rsv is unexplored. here, we elucidated the pathogenesis of pcf activation in rsv-induced persistent airway disorders. pcf-degenerated and intact mice were used in the current study. airway inflammation and airway ... | 2015 | 26676790 |
alcohol's effects on lung health and immunity. | it has long been known that people with alcohol use disorder (aud) not only may develop physical dependence but also may experience devastating long-term health problems. the most common and identifiable alcohol-associated health problems include liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, cardiomyopathies, neuropathies, and dementia. however, the lung also is adversely affected by alcohol abuse, a fact often overlooked by clinicians and the public. individuals with aud are more likely to develop pneumonia, ... | 2015 | 26695745 |
t cell responses are elicited against respiratory syncytial virus in the absence of signalling through tlrs, rlrs and il-1r/il-18r. | pattern recognition receptors (prrs) and cytokine receptors are key players in the initiation of immune responses to infection. prrs detecting viral rna, such as toll like receptor (tlr)-3, -7/8, and rig-i like receptors (rlrs; rig-i and mda-5), as well as cytokine receptors such as interleukin 1 receptor (il-1r), have been implicated in responses to rna viruses that infect the airways. the latter includes respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a human pathogen that can cause severe lower respirator ... | 2015 | 26688048 |
burden of respiratory syncytial virus infections in china: systematic review and meta-analysis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of acute respiratory tract infection (arti) related morbidity and mortality worldwide. however, the disease burden due to rsv has not been systematically summarized in china. | 2015 | 26682049 |
a gene deletion that up-regulates viral gene expression yields an attenuated rsv vaccine with improved antibody responses in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral cause of severe pediatric respiratory illness, and a safe and effective vaccine for use in infancy and early childhood is needed. we previously showed that deletion of the coding sequence for the viral m2-2 protein (δm2-2) down-regulated viral rna replication and up-regulated gene transcription and antigen synthesis, raising the possibility of development of an attenuated vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity. rsv medi δm2-2 was therefore eva ... | 2015 | 26537255 |
[the level of rorγt increases in rat lung tissues of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus]. | to study the level of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (rorγt) in rat lung tissues of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and its implication. | 2015 | 26522358 |
respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with acute leukemia: a retrospective survey of the japanese pediatric leukemia/lymphoma study group. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause life-threatening complications of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in young children with malignancies, but reports remain limited. we performed a retrospective nationwide survey to clarify the current status of rsv disease among infants with hematological malignancies. clinical course, treatment, and outcome of patients with hematological malignancies who suffered from rsv infections at the age of <24 months during anti-tumor therapy from apri ... | 2015 | 26520649 |
the preventive effect of vaccine prophylaxis on severe respiratory syncytial virus infection: a meta-analysis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the key underlying cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants; however, no licensed vaccine against rsv infection is currently available. this study was undertaken to assess the preventive effect of vaccine on rsv infection. in this metaanalysis, 1,792 published randomized clinical trials of rsv vaccines from jan 1973 to sep 2015 were examined. among thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria, eleven studies estimated the impact of rsv ... | 2015 | 26511990 |
respiratory syncytial virus trials and beyond. | 2015 | 26511957 | |
efficacy of motavizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in healthy native american infants: a phase 3 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children. we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody (motavizumab) in healthy term (≥36 weeks' gestational age) infants for the prevention of medically attended rsv acute lower respiratory tract infections. | 2015 | 26511956 |
use of medical resources by preterm infants born at less than 33 weeks' gestation following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit in korea. | this study was aimed to provide data on the use of medical resources by preterm infants following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). the cohort included preterm infants (n=2,351) born at 22-32 weeks' gestation who were discharged from the nicus of 44 korean hospitals between april 2009 to march 2010. mean duration of post-discharge follow-up was 425±237 days. after discharge from the nicu, 94.5% of total infants visited a pediatric outpatient clinic (11.5±9.8 mean visits), 4 ... | 2015 | 26566364 |
respiratory syncytial virus related readmission in preterm infants less than 34 weeks' gestation following discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit in korea. | this study was done to evaluate respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) related readmission (rrr) and risk factors of rrr in preterm infants < 34 weeks gestational age (ga) within 1 yr following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). infants (n = 1,140) who were born and admitted to the nicus of 46 hospitals in korea from april to september 2012, and followed up for > 1 yr after discharge from the nicu, were enrolled. the average ga and birth weight of the infants was 30(+5) ± 2(+5) w ... | 2015 | 26566351 |
preventing cleavage of the respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein in vero cells rescues the infectivity of progeny virus for primary human airway cultures. | all live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines that have advanced to clinical trials have been produced in vero cells. the attachment (g) glycoprotein in virions produced in these cells is smaller than that produced in other immortalized cells due to cleavage. these virions are 5-fold less infectious for primary well-differentiated human airway epithelial (hae) cell cultures. because hae cells are isolated directly from human airways, vero cell-grown vaccine virus would very like ... | 2015 | 26581976 |
activity of oral als-008176 in a respiratory syncytial virus challenge study. | background respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. there is no known effective therapy. methods we conducted a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial in healthy adults inoculated with rsv. participants received the oral nucleoside analogue als-008176 or placebo 12 hours after confirmation of rsv infection or 6 days after inoculation. treatment was administered every 12 hours for 5 days. viral load, disease severity, resistance, and safety ... | 2015 | 26580997 |
pooled sequencing of candidate genes implicates rare variants in the development of asthma following severe rsv bronchiolitis in infancy. | severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during infancy is strongly associated with the development of asthma. to identify genetic variation that contributes to asthma following severe rsv bronchiolitis during infancy, we sequenced the coding exons of 131 asthma candidate genes in 182 european and african american children with severe rsv bronchiolitis in infancy using anonymous pools for variant discovery, and then directly genotyped a set of 190 nonsynonymous variants. associati ... | 2015 | 26587832 |
characterization of acute respiratory infections among 340 infants in wuxi, jiangsu province. | to investigate the etiological and epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections among children in wuxi, jiangsu province. | 2015 | 26605310 |
respiratory macrophages and dendritic cells mediate respiratory syncytial virus-induced il-33 production in tlr3- or tlr7-dependent manner. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can increase the production of il-33 in lungs of mice. however, little is known about cellular source of il-33, particularly the types of il-33-producing cells in innate immune cells during rsv infection. in this study, by using balb/c mice that were infected intranasally with rsv, it became clear that rsv infection can enhance not only the number of il-33(+)-alveolar macrophages (ams) and dendritic cells (dcs), but also the expression of il-33 mrna in ... | 2015 | 26603638 |
[usefulness of a newly developed immunochromatographic assay kit for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus]. | we evaluated the usefulness of immunocatch-rsv (eiken chemical co., ltd.) (ic-a), a newly developed immunochromatographic assay kit for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). for the clinical study, 210 nasal swabs and 134 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infections in 2013. three immunochromatographic assay kits (ic-a, ic-b and ic-c), and the rt-pcr method were used for the detection of rsv. the detection times for ic-a, ic-b ... | 2015 | 26630788 |
clinical utility of a near patient care microarray based diagnostic test for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections. | in primary care medicine, establishing a diagnosis of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections is usually based on clinical history and physical examination as well as a consideration of time of the year and circulating respiratory viruses in the community. | 2015 | 26629177 |
mucosal igg levels correlate better with respiratory syncytial virus load and inflammation than plasma igg levels. | maternal vaccination is currently considered a strategy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. in rsv-infected infants, high mucosal igg levels correlated better with reduced rsv load and lower mucosal cxcl10 levels than plasma igg levels. for future vaccination strategies against rsv, more focus should be on the mucosal humoral immune response. | 2015 | 26656116 |
evaluation of case definitions for estimation of respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations among children in a rural community of northern india. | the burden estimation studies for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have been based on varied case definitions, including case-definitions designed for influenza surveillance systems. we used all medical admissions among children aged 0-59 months to study the effect of case definitions on estimation of rsv-associated hospitalizations rates. | 2015 | 26649172 |
genetic polymorphisms of toll-like receptor 4 are associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in a chinese infant population. | while genetic polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) have been demonstrated to play an important role in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in western populations, the association between tlr4 polymorphisms and rsv infections has not been investigated in chinese patient populations. the study presented here identifies tlr4 polymorphisms and investigates the association of tlr4 genetic polymorphism with rsv infection in a chinese infant patient population. | 2015 | 26642699 |
[research progress in membrane fusion of the respiratory syncytial virus]. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common causes of acute infection of the lower respiratory tract among children. for viruses in the paramyxoviridae subfamily, membrane fusion requires a specific interaction between two glycoproteins: the fusion protein and attachment protein. membrane fusion of the rsv appears to be unique among paramyxoviruses in that fusion is accomplished by the fusion protein alone without help from the attachment protein. here, we review recent achie ... | 2015 | 26738297 |
layer-by-layer nanoparticle vaccines carrying the g protein cx3c motif protect against rsv infection and disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in young children; however no effective treatment or vaccine is currently available. previous studies have shown that therapeutic treatment with a monoclonal antibody (clone 131-2g) specific to the rsv g glycoprotein cx3c motif, mediates virus clearance and decreases leukocyte trafficking to the lungs of rsv-infected mice. in this study, we show that vaccination with layer-by-layer ... | 2015 | 26473935 |
respiratory syncytial virus disease is mediated by age-variable il-33. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of infant hospitalizations and severe rsv infections are a significant risk factor for childhood asthma. the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for rsv induced immunopathophysiology remain elusive. using an age-appropriate mouse model of rsv, we show that il-33 plays a critical role in the immunopathogenesis of severe rsv, which is associated with higher group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ilc2s) specifically in neonates. infection with rsv in ... | 2015 | 26473724 |
viral specific factors contribute to clinical respiratory syncytial virus disease severity differences in infants. | there is a wide range of severity of respiratory syncytial viral (rsv) disease in previously healthy infants. host factors have been well demonstrated to contribute to disease severity differences. however the possibility of disease severity differences being produced by factors intrinsic to the virus itself has rarely been studied. | 2015 | 26473163 |
alum adjuvant enhances protection against respiratory syncytial virus but exacerbates pulmonary inflammation by modulating multiple innate and adaptive immune cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is well-known for inducing vaccine-enhanced respiratory disease after vaccination of young children with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) in alum formulation. here, we investigated alum adjuvant effects on protection and disease after fi-rsv immunization with or without alum in comparison with live rsv reinfections. despite viral clearance, live rsv reinfections caused weight loss and substantial pulmonary inflammation probably due to high levels of rsv specifi ... | 2015 | 26468884 |
prefusion f-specific antibodies determine the magnitude of rsv neutralizing activity in human sera. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is estimated to claim more lives among infants <1 year old than any other single pathogen, except malaria, and poses a substantial global health burden. viral entry is mediated by a type i fusion glycoprotein (f) that transitions from a metastable prefusion (pre-f) to a stable postfusion (post-f) trimer. a highly neutralization-sensitive epitope, antigenic site ø, is found only on pre-f. we determined what fraction of neutralizing (nt) activity in human sera is ... | 2015 | 26468324 |
viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children and adults in shandong province, china. | the dominant viral etiologies responsible for acute respiratory infections (aris) are poorly understood, particularly among hospitalized patients. improved etiological insight is needed to improve clinical management and prevention of aris. | 2015 | 26467854 |
human polyomavirus type six in respiratory samples from hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in beijing, china. | hpyv6 is a novel human polyomavirus (hpyv), and neither its natural history nor its prevalence in human disease is well known. therefore, the epidemiology and phylogenetic status of hpyv6 must be systematically characterized. | 2015 | 26463646 |
risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm infants: reviewing the need for prevention. | premature infants are at substantial risk for a spectrum of morbidities that are gestational age dependent. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is most common in the first two years of life with the highest burden in children aged <6 months. preterm infants ≤35 weeks' gestation are handicapped by incomplete immunological and pulmonary maturation and immature premorbid lung function with the added risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. superimposed rsv infection incites marked neutrophilic a ... | 2015 | 26457970 |
application of rt-bst to enhance detection of pathogenic viruses of the respiratory tract. | inefficiency of rt-pcr can be associated with the suboptimal process of reverse transcription as only 40-80% of rna is converted to cdna. we employed a novel method, rt-bst, to enrich the concentration of cdna for subsequent multiplex pcr detection of selected rna viruses. the rt-bst method amplifies cdna through reverse transcription of viral rna using reverse transcriptase and amplification of cdna using bst dna polymerase. viral rna was extracted from 25 nasopharyngeal samples for detection o ... | 2015 | 26510269 |
pneumomediastinum, pneumorrhachis and subcutaneous emphysema associated with viral infections: report of three cases. | spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually secondary to alveolar rupture in the pulmonary interstitium, associated with subcutaneous emphysema and occasionally with pneumothorax, but is rarely associated with pneumorrhachis. the leaked air into the pulmonary perivascular interstitium follows the path of least resistance from the mediastinum to the fascial planes of the neck. air freely communicates via the neural foramina and collects in the epidural space. pneumorrhachis is defined as the presenc ... | 2015 | 26508192 |
eligibility for palivizumab prophylaxis in a cohort of children with severe bronchiolitis. | in 2014, the american academy of pediatrics (aap) updated their recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis for children who are at high risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. to investigate the potential impact of the more restrictive 2014 criteria on the eligibility for palivizumab prophylaxis, we applied the 2012 and 2014 aap recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis to a multicenter cohort of 2207 us children hospitalized for bronchiolitis. according to the 2012 aap r ... | 2015 | 26508190 |
rsv infections: state of the art. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common lower respiratory disease in infants and young children worldwide. despite its long history, a safe and effective cure for rsv remains elusive. nonetheless, further understanding of rsv pathogenesis and risk factors have led to advances in prophylaxis and management. the leading risk factor for rsv is premature birth, primarily because fewer protective antibodies are transmitted from the mother to the infant. for full-term born infants, ... | 2015 | 26555808 |
depletion of regulatory t-cells leads to moderate b-cell antigenicity in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the regulation of the immunopathology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by regulatory t-cells (cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+); tregs) is not understood. | 2015 | 26555647 |
respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins upregulate socs1 and socs3 in the different manner from endogenous ifn signaling. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection upregulates genes of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) family, which utilize a feedback loop to inhibit type i interferon dependent antiviral signaling pathway. here, we reconstituted rsv nonstructural (ns) protein expression plasmids (pns1, pns2, and pns1/2) and tested whether ns1 or ns2 would trigger socs1 and socs3 protein expression. these ns proteins inhibited interferon- (ifn-) α signaling through a mechanism involving the induction of ... | 2015 | 26557722 |
assessing uncertainty in a2 respiratory syncytial virus viral dynamics. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children younger than 1 year of age in the united states. moreover, rsv is being recognized more often as a significant cause of respiratory illness in older adults. although rsv has been studied both clinically and in vitro, a quantitative understanding of the infection dynamics is still lacking. in this paper, we study the effect of uncertainty in the main parameters of a viral kinetics model of rsv. w ... | 2015 | 26451163 |
crawling with virus: translational insights from a neonatal mouse model on the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus in infants. | the infant immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains incompletely understood. here we review the use of a neonatal mouse model of rsv infection to mimic severe infection in human infants. we describe numerous age-specific responses, organized by cell type, observed in rsv-infected neonatal mice and draw comparisons (when possible) to human infants. | 2015 | 26446604 |
emerging roles of trna-derived fragments in viral infections: the case of respiratory syncytial virus. | 2015 | 26442802 | |
generation and characterization of alx-0171, a potent novel therapeutic nanobody for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important causative agent of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and elderly individuals. its fusion (f) protein is critical for virus infection. it is targeted by several investigational antivirals and by palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody used prophylactically in infants considered at high risk of severe rsv disease. alx-0171 is a trimeric nanobody that binds the antigenic site ii of rsv f protein with subnanomolar affinity. alx-0171 ... | 2015 | 26438495 |