Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| inhibition of hiv-1, hiv-2 and siv envelope glycoprotein-mediated cell fusion by calmodulin. | calmodulin, an ef-hand protein, inhibited the fusion between cd4+ human cells and cells stably expressing hiv-1 envelope proteins. fusion was also inhibited when hiv-1, hiv-2 or siv envelope glycoproteins were expressed by vaccinia virus (vv) recombinants, but calmodulin did not inhibit syncytia formation induced by measles virus glycoproteins. calmodulin also inhibited fusion induced by vpe17, a vv-recombinant expressing a truncated form of hiv-1gp160 which lacks the two known calmodulin-bindin ... | 1997 | 9282777 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins. | twelve monoclonal antibodies (mabs), tb1 to tb12, were produced against a soluble vaccinia recombinant envelope glycoprotein (gp140) from simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac251. these mabs recognized siv gp140 with a relatively high affinity (k0.5 from 6.7 x 10(-8) to 4 x 10(-9) m). all the mabs except tb9, tb11, and tb12 cross-reacted with hiv-2 envelope glycoproteins, but none of the 12 mabs recognized those from hiv-1. using a panel of 87 overlapping synthetic peptides containing 20 amino ac ... | 1997 | 9282816 |
| association of human immunodeficiency virus nef protein with actin is myristoylation dependent and influences its subcellular localization. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) nef functions are thought to be mediated via interactions with cellular proteins. utilizing zone velocity sedimentation in glycerol gradients we found that recombinant hiv-1 nef non-covalently associates with actin forming a high-molecular-mass complex of 150-300 kda. this nef/actin complex was present in human b and t lymphocytes but not in insect cells and was dependent on the n-terminal myristoylation of nef, whereas the sh3-binding proline motif of nef was ... | 1997 | 9288906 |
| bicyclams, a class of potent anti-hiv agents, are targeted at the hiv coreceptor fusin/cxcr-4. | bicyclams are a novel class of antiviral compounds which are highly potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of hiv-1 and hiv-2. the prototype compound, amd3100, has an ic50 of 1-10 ng/ml, which is a least 100,000 fold lower than the cytotoxic concentration. amd3100 does not inhibit virus binding to the cd4 receptor and based on time-of-addition experiments, has been assumed to interact with the hiv fusion-uncoating process. resistance of hiv-1 strains to amd3100 is associated with the ... | 1997 | 9298754 |
| maintenance of an unusual polypurine tract in hiv-2: stability to passage in culture. | a stretch of purine residues, the polypurine tract (ppt), is found in all retroviruses and is used to initiate plus-strand dna synthesis. while the ppt of most lentiviruses is a homogeneous sequence of purine residues, the ppt of some isolates of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses is interrupted with a single pyrimidine residue. the rod strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) has such a pyrimidine-containing variant ppt. virus generated from an infectious molecular clone ... | 1997 | 9299633 |
| prevalence of transmissible blood infections among blood donors at the university of maiducuri teaching hospital, maiduguri, nigeria. | before the advent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), many countries of the world transfused blood without seriously considering the potential risks of transmission of infectious agents. even after it was shown that the human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) could be transmitted through blood and blood products, many hospitals and clinics in nigeria still continue to transfuse unscreened blood. this study was therefore initiated to highlight the risks of transmitting infectious agents ... | 1997 | 9299819 |
| synthetic-peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening human serum or plasma for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2. | a synthetic-peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eia) capable of screening for antibodies to both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 has been developed for use in blood banks and diagnostic laboratories. microtiter wells are coated with two synthetic peptides, one corresponding to the highly conserved envelope region of hiv-1 and another corresponding to the conserved envelope region of hiv-2. overall, sensitivity was 100% in 303 individuals diagnosed with aids and ... | 1997 | 9302212 |
| use of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 and 2 recombinant strip immunoblot assay to resolve enzyme immunoassay anti-hiv-2-repeatably reactive samples after anti-hiv-1/2 combination enzyme immunoassay screening. | with the implementation of combination human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1/2) antibody enzyme immunoassay (eia) in donor screening in 1992, the supplemental testing algorithm changed to require the use of a food and drug administration (fda)-licensed hiv-1 western blot (wb) or immunofluorescence assay, as well as an fda-licensed hiv-2 eia. when hiv-2 eia-reactive specimens are identified, further testing to confirm hiv-2 infection is recommended. currently, a licensed hiv-2 supplem ... | 1997 | 9308638 |
| functional analysis of vif genes derived from various primate immunodeficiency viruses. | replication property in cells of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hivs and sivs) lacking intact vif gene was evaluated. of 10 vif mutants constructed in vitro of the major four hiv/siv groups, only those derived from hiv-1 and hiv-2/sivmac displayed replication defect. the cell lines non-permissive for the vif mutants of hiv-1 and sivmac were found to be different. to determine whether vif is exchangeable between hiv-1 and sivmac, chimeric virus clones with respect to the vi gene were ... | 1997 | 9311564 |
| rantes and mcp-3 inhibit the replication of t-cell-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains (sf-2, mn, and he). | the effects of the c-c chemokines rantes (regulation upon activation normal t-cell expressed and secreted) and mcp-3 (monocyte chemotactic protein 3) on human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replication in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) activated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (pha) were investigated. the following t-cell line-tropic (t-tropic) hiv strains were tested: hiv type 1 (hiv-1) sf-2, hiv-1 iiib, hiv-1 mn, hiv-1 ndk, hiv-1 he, hiv-1 nl4-3, hiv-2 rod, and hiv-2 eho ... | 1997 | 9311806 |
| the sequence and structure of the 3' arm of the first stem-loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 trans-activation responsive region mediate tat-2 transactivation. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) causes aids, but generally after a much longer asymptomatic period than that which follows infection with hiv-1. at the molecular level, hiv-2 is much more closely related to the simian immunodeficiency viruses than to hiv-1 and our previous studies have demonstrated that hiv-2 and hiv-1 enhancer stimulation is mediated by different sets of cellular proteins following t-cell activation. similar to hiv-1, hiv-2 encodes a transactivating protein, tat, wh ... | 1997 | 9311903 |
| generation of neutralizing antibody to the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by immunizing of mice with an infectious vaccinia virus recombinant. | antibodies inhibiting the reverse transcriptase (rt) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) were found to be generated in the serum of mice repeatedly infected with a vaccinia virus recombinant, wrrt, expressing the enzyme. a monoclonal antibody (mab), 7c4, which specifically and almost completely inhibits the rna-dependent dna polymerase activity of hiv-1 rt was produced from a mouse repeatedly immunized with wrrt. 7c4 seems to be specific for hiv-1 among retroviruses: 7c4 inhibited rt ... | 1997 | 9328586 |
| superinfection with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 can reactivate virus production in baboons but is contained by a cd8 t cell antiviral response. | an animal model was used to assess whether resistance to superinfection by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) can exist in vivo. asymptomatic baboons (papio cynocephalus), previously infected with hiv-2, were first challenged with homologous virus (hiv-2uc2 or hiv-2uc14) and later with heterologous virus (hiv-2uc12). after both virus inoculations, either resistance to viral infection or a transient viremia was observed. the original virus was recovered in 3 baboons, suggesting that reactivation ... | 1997 | 9333153 |
| inhibition of t-tropic hiv strains by selective antagonization of the chemokine receptor cxcr4. | bicyclams are a novel class of antiviral compounds that are highly potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of hiv-1 and hiv-2. surprisingly, however, when the prototype compound amd3100 was tested against m-tropic virus strains such as bal, ada, jr-csf, and sf-162 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the compound was completely inactive. because of the specific and potent inhibitory effect of amd3100 on t-tropic viruses, but not m-tropic viruses, it was verified that amd3100 i ... | 1997 | 9334378 |
| site-specific phosphorylation of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 rev protein accelerates formation of an efficient rna-binding conformation. | phosphorylation is important in the regulation of many cellular processes, yet the precise role of protein phosphorylation for many rna-binding protein substrates remains obscure. in this report, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of a recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type-1 rev protein promotes rapid formation of an efficient rna-binding state. the apparent dissociation constant for ligand binding is enhanced 7-fold for the protein following phosphorylation; however, phosphate addition ... | 1997 | 9341215 |
| prevalence and risk factors for htlv-ii infection in 913 injecting drug users in stockholm, 1994. | the prevalence and risk factors for acquisition of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i and ii (htlv-i and ii) were investigated in a prospective study of 913 injecting drug users (idus) in stockholm in 1994. epidemiologic data were recorded, and blood samples were tested for antibodies against htlv-i and htlv-ii; human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2; and hepatitis a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), and d (hdv). positive serologic results for htlv were confirmed by western blot (wb) and po ... | 1997 | 9342259 |
| usage of the coreceptors ccr-5, ccr-3, and cxcr-4 by primary and cell line-adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | the chemokine receptors ccr-5 and cxcr-4, and possibly ccr-3, are the principal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) coreceptors, apparently interacting with hiv-1 envelope, in association with cd4. cell lines coexpressing cd4 and these chemokine receptors were infected with a panel of seven primary hiv-2 isolates passaged in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and three laboratory hiv-2 strains passaged in t-cell lines. the ccr-5, ccr-3, and cxcr-4 coreceptors could all be used by ... | 1997 | 9343175 |
| promiscuous use of cc and cxc chemokine receptors in cell-to-cell fusion mediated by a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope protein. | the cc chemokine receptors ccr5, ccr2, and ccr3 and the cxc chemokine receptor cxcr4 have been implicated as cd4-associated cofactors in the entry of primary and cell line-adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) strains. cxcr4 is also a receptor for t-cell-line-adapted, cd4-independent strains of hiv-2. with the exception of this latter example, little has been reported on the entry cofactors used by hiv-2 strains. here we show that a cd4-dependent, t-cell-line-adapted hiv-2 strain u ... | 1997 | 9343197 |
| susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group o isolates to antiretroviral agents: in vitro phenotypic and genotypic analyses. | we investigated the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility of 11 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) group o strains to nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (rt) inhibitors and protease inhibitors in vitro. phenotypic susceptibility was determined by using a standardized in vitro assay of rt inhibition, taking into account the replication kinetics of each strain. hiv-1 group m and hiv-2 isolates were used as references. dna from cocultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell ... | 1997 | 9343254 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein binds to cd8 as well as to cd4 molecules on human t cells. | we report here that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) envelope glycoprotein (gp105), but not hiv-1 gp120, can bind to cd8 molecules as well as to cd4 molecules on human t cells. this phenomenon may lead to differences in the life cycles of hiv-1 and hiv-2, and it may be related to the differences in disease manifestations of hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection, including longer survival of hiv-2-infected patients. | 1997 | 9343259 |
| expression of naturally occurring antisense rna inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 heterologous strain replication. | recently, the presence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) rna transcripts with negative-strand polarity has been shown in tissue culture models of acute and persistently infected cells. one of these transcripts encodes a 189 amino acid open reading frame. this highly conserved antisense sequence is complementary to the structured rev-responsive element and extends through the cleavage site of the env protein. we tested the ability of this antisense rna to modulate hiv-1 replication a ... | 1997 | 9349471 |
| dual infection with hepatitis c and b viruses: clinical and histological study in saudi patients. | the purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and histological significance of dual infection with hepatitis c virus and hepatitis b virus. | 1997 | 9356863 |
| early postinfection antiviral treatment reduces viral load and prevents cd4+ cell decline in hiv type 2-infected macaques. | reports of significant reductions in plasma viral load by anti-hiv drugs have raised the possibility that antiviral therapy, if initiated sufficiently early, may result in sustained control of infection and prolonged clinical benefits. we evaluated the effects of intervention coincident with infection using an antiviral nucleoside, d4t, in macaca nemestrina infected with a highly pathogenic isolate of hiv-2 (hiv-2[287]). infection with this virus reproducibly results in high viremia and rapid cd ... | 1997 | 9359657 |
| in vivo evolution of hiv-1 co-receptor usage and sensitivity to chemokine-mediated suppression. | following the identification of the c-c chemokines rantes, mip-1alpha and mip-1beta as major human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-suppressive factors produced by cd8+ t cells, several chemokine receptors were found to serve as membrane co-receptors for primate immunodeficiency lentiretroviruses. the two most widely used co-receptors thus far recognized, ccr5 and cxcr4, are expressed by both activated t lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. ccr5, a specific rantes, mip-1alpha and mip-1 receptor, ... | 1997 | 9359702 |
| the solution structure of the amino-terminal hhcc domain of hiv-2 integrase: a three-helix bundle stabilized by zinc. | integrase mediates a crucial step in the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the enzyme cleaves the viral dna ends in a sequence-dependent manner and couples the newly generated hydroxyl groups to phosphates in the target dna. three domains have been identified in hiv integrase: an amino-terminal domain, a central catalytic core and a carboxy-terminal dna-binding domain. the amino-terminal region is the only domain with unknown structure thus far. this domain, which is known to ... | 1997 | 9368756 |
| utilization of chemokine receptors, orphan receptors, and herpesvirus-encoded receptors by diverse human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) requires both cd4 and a coreceptor to infect cells. macrophage-tropic (m-tropic) hiv-1 strains utilize the chemokine receptor ccr5 in conjunction with cd4 to infect cells, while t-cell-tropic (t-tropic) strains generally utilize cxcr4 as a coreceptor. some viruses can use both ccr5 and cxcr4 for virus entry (i.e., are dual-tropic), while other chemokine receptors can be used by a subset of virus strains. due to the genetic diversity of hiv-1, hiv-2, an ... | 1997 | 9371556 |
| identification of the v1 region as a linear neutralizing epitope of the simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac envelope glycoprotein. | the sequence variability of viral structure polypeptides has been associated with immune escape mechanisms. the v1 region of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is a highly variable region of the sivmac env gene. here, we describe the v1 region as a linear neutralizing epitope. v1 region-specific neutralizing antibodies (nab) were first demonstrated in a rabbit infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus carrying the env gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain ben (hiv-2ben). since we ... | 1997 | 9371609 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr interacts with hhr23a, a cellular protein implicated in nucleotide excision dna repair. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vpr gene is an evolutionarily conserved gene among the primate lentiviruses hiv-1, hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency viruses. one of the unique functions attributed to the vpr gene product is the arrest of cells in the g2 phase of the cell cycle. here we demonstrate that vpr interacts physically with hhr23a, one member of an evolutionarily conserved gene family involved in nucleotide excision repair. interaction of vpr with hhr23a was initially id ... | 1997 | 9371639 |
| hiv and siv envelope glycoproteins induce phospholipase a2 activation in human and macaque lymphocytes. | we investigated the early interactions between hiv-1, hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) envelope glycoproteins gp120(iiib), gp105(rod), and gp120(mac251), and human and macaque cells of the lymphocytic series. our results demonstrate that the soluble viral glycoproteins induce a specific phospholipase a2 (pla2) activation in lymphocytes through cd4. this pla2 activation was induced after envelope glycoprotein-cd4 interaction and, because of its local membrane-destabilizing effect, m ... | 1997 | 9377118 |
| the use of multiple antigenic peptide (map) in the immunodiagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | in order to develop an elisa system for the antibody detection of hiv-1 or hiv-2 infections, maps for hiv-1 gp41(584-618) and hiv-2 gp36(574-602) corresponding to the immunodominant regions of hiv-1 gp41 and hiv-2 gp36 were used as coating antigens in the elisa. the maps were synthesized by the solid phase method using fmoc-lys(fmoc)-oh and their molecular weights were confirmed by tricine gel electrophoresis. the maps reacted with all hiv positive sera (64 samples), but did not react with hiv n ... | 1997 | 9385431 |
| intracellular immunization of rhesus cd34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells with a hairpin ribozyme protects t cells and macrophages from simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | evaluation of candidate genes for stem cell gene therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has been limited by the difficulty of supporting in vitro t-cell differentiation of genetically modified hematopoietic progenitor cells. using a novel thymic stromal culture technique, we evaluated the ability of a hairpin ribozyme specific for simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) to inhibit viral replication in t lymphocytes derived from transduce ... | 1997 | 9389699 |
| seroprevalence of hiv-1, hiv-2, and hiv-1 group o in nigeria: evidence for a growing increase of hiv infection. | to determine current data on hiv infection and to further confirm the presence of hiv-1 group o infection in nigeria, 2300 samples from five states were tested for the presence of hiv antibody. a convenience sampling was obtained from pregnant women, tuberculosis (tb) patients, commercial sex workers (csws), blood donors, patients with sexually transmitted diseases (stds), patients with skin diseases, male clients of csws, outpatients suspected to have aids, truck drivers, and community dwellers ... | 1997 | 9390573 |
| expression of human immunodeficiency virus genes using baculovirus expression system. | the structural protein genes of hiv-1 and hiv-2 have been expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf) cells using baculovirus expression system. the noncoding flanking sequences of hiv structural genes were removed and a putative ribosome binding site was placed in front of the open reading frame of each gene by using crossover linker mutagenesis. the coding sequences of the gag, pol, env, and vif proteins were inserted into autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) so that hiv genes ... | 1997 | 9406188 |
| the neutralization relationship of hiv type 1, hiv type 2, and sivcpz is reflected in the genetic diversity that distinguishes them. | neutralizing antibody (na) patterns in the sera of individuals naturally infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1, hiv-2, and the simian immunodeficiency virus (sivcpz) to their homologous and heterologous isolates were determined in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based neutralization assay. we examined the role of the v3 loop of hiv-1 and sivcpz in neutralization and the cross-reactivities among them. cross-neutralization by sera of humans and chimpanzees naturally infected, ... | 1997 | 8989422 |
| cd8+ t cells from hiv type 1-seronegative individuals suppress virus replication in acutely infected cells. | cd8+ lymphocytes (cd8 cells) have been shown to inhibit replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in vitro when cocultured with hiv-infected cd4+ lymphocytes (cd4 cells). this suppressive effect on hiv replication in experimentally infected cd4 cells has so far been demonstrated only for cd8 cells from hiv-seropositive individuals. in the present study we have investigated if cd8 cells from hiv-negative individuals can also suppress hiv replication in experimentally infected cd4 cell ... | 1997 | 8989430 |
| human plasmatic apolipoprotein h binds human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 proteins. | apolipoprotein h (apo h), isolated from human plasma albumin solution, was shown to capture hiv-1-related antigens from antigen-positive sera (hiv-1 ag+) of aids patients, by using hiv-1-specific polyclonal antibodies. in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ligand blot and dot assays, apo h was able to bind recombinant retroviral hiv antigens, especially gag proteins p18 of hiv-1, p26 of hiv-2, and env gp160 of hiv-1. binding was shown to be ph and nacl dependent, with an optimum at acidic ... | 1997 | 8989432 |
| the role of eukaryotic subtilisin-like endoproteases for the activation of human immunodeficiency virus glycoproteins in natural host cells. | proteolytic activation of the precursor envelope glycoproteins gp160 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and gp140 of hiv-2, a prerequisite for viral infection, results in the formation of gp120/gp41 and gp125/gp36, respectively. cleavage is mediated by cellular proteases. furin, a member of the eukaryotic subtilisin family, has been shown to be an activating protease for hiv. here, we compared the presence of furin and other mammalian subtilisins in lymphatic cells and tissues. north ... | 1997 | 8995623 |
| the cd4-independent tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 involves several regions of the envelope protein and correlates with a reduced activation threshold for envelope-mediated fusion. | several human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) strains have been shown to infect some cd4-negative cell lines (p. r. clapham, a. mcknight, and r. a. weiss, j. virol. 66:3531-3537, 1992). using molecular clones of hiv-2 with a cd4-independent tropism, we have identified critical amino acid residues in the envelope protein which are required for cd4-independent infection. mutations located immediately upstream of a proposed coiled coil domain in the transmembrane protein (a526t or i528m) and ... | 1997 | 8995671 |
| inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus fusion by a monoclonal antibody to a coreceptor (cxcr4) is both cell type and virus strain dependent. | cxcr4 (also termed fusin, lestr, or humstr) is a member of the g-protein-coupled chemokine receptor family with seven membrane-spanning domains. cxcr4 acts as a coreceptor for syncytium-inducing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) strains, conferring entry into cd4+ cells. we show here that a novel mouse monoclonal antibody (12g5) that recognizes cxcr4 blocked cell-to-cell fusion and cell free-virus infection of cxcr4+ cd4+ rd rhabdomyosarcoma cells by seven hiv-1 and hiv-2 strains that ... | 1997 | 8995702 |
| stavudine selectively induces apoptosis in hiv type 1-infected cells. | we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of various human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase inhibitors (zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, and nevirapine) on hiv-1-infected and uninfected t cell lines. among the compounds, only stavudine (not the others) proved to be more cytotoxic to molt-4/iiib cells (molt-4 cells chronically infected with hiv-1) than to uninfected molt-4 cells. its 50% cytotoxic concentrations were 59.8 and 2.2 microm for molt-4 and molt-4/iiib cells ... | 1997 | 9007205 |
| human immunodeficiency virus risk behavior among white and asian/pacific islander high school students in the united states: does culture make a difference? | this article analyzes sexual behavior among white and asian/pacific islander (api) adolescents, to determine the risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission from a multicultural point of view. | 1997 | 9007662 |
| hiv antigens and t-cell receptor variable beta chain families. | the authors investigated whether the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has restrictive effects on the variable region of the beta chain (v beta) of the t-cell antigen receptor (tcr), by in vitro cultivation of non-hiv-infected peripheral blood lymphocytes with one of six hiv antigens or heat-inactivated whole virus (hiv-hi). resting and blastic cd4+ and cd8- cells were assessed with 3-colour cytofluorometry and monoclonal antibodies to various v beta families/subfamilies. the v beta families af ... | 1997 | 9010504 |
| impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on abdominal tuberculosis in western india. | we studied the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and abdominal tuberculosis. we also assessed the clinical characteristics, risk factors, tuberculin status, site, and response to therapy of abdominal tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive and hiv-seronegative patients. volunteer blood donors (n = 8,395), patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 387), and patients with abdominal tuberculosis (n = 108) were sc ... | 1997 | 9013351 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 antibodies by a new automated microparticle immunoassay axsym hiv-1/hiv-2. | a new automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay (meia) for the axsym instrument developed recently by abbott laboratories was compared with two established assays, i.e. hiv-1/hiv-2 3rd gen. plus eia (abbott, delkenheim, frg) and wellcozyme hiv 1 + 2 (murex diagnostics, dartford, england) devised for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 antibodies. a total of 7293 serum samples were tested by the axsym hiv-1/hiv-2. the test panel included seroconversions (n = 22 ... | 1997 | 9015284 |
| srr-sb3, a disulfide-containing macrolide that inhibits a late stage of the replicative cycle of human immunodeficiency virus. | from a series of macrocyclic diamides possessing the disulfide linkage, only srr-sb3, a compound that complexes with zinc, was found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1; strain iiib) replication at a concentration of 1.8 to 6.5 micrograms/ml in mt-4, cem, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. srr-sb3 was toxic to mt-4 cells at a concentration of 15.9 micrograms/ml, resulting in a selectivity index of 9 in these cells. this macrolide was also effective against various other hi ... | 1997 | 9021177 |
| diarylsulfones, a novel class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase inhibitors. | a majority of reported human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (hiv-1 in) inhibitors are polyhydroxylated aromatic compounds containing two phenyl rings separated by aliphatic or aromatic linkers. most inhibitors possessing a catechol moiety exhibit considerable toxicity in cellular assays. in an effort to identify nonhydroxylated analogs, a series of aromatic sulfones were tested for their ability to inhibit the 3' processing and strand transfer steps that are necessary for hiv replicatio ... | 1997 | 9021196 |
| inhibition of multiple phases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by a dithiane compound that attacks the conserved zinc fingers of retroviral nucleocapsid proteins. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) nucleocapsid p7 protein contains two retrovirus-type zinc finger domains that are required for multiple phases of viral replication. chelating residues (three cys residues and one his residue) of the domains are absolutely conserved among all strains of hiv-1 and other retroviruses, and mutations in these residues in noninfectious virions. these properties establish the zinc finger domains as logical targets for antiviral chemotherapy. selected dit ... | 1997 | 9021201 |
| polyanion inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and other viruses. 5. telomerized anionic surfactants derived from amino acids. | omega-acryloyl anionic surfactants, whose polar heads are derived from amino acids, have been telomerized to prepare polyanions of a predetermined molecular weight. the main goal of this study was to verify whether the antiviral activity is influenced by the degree of polymerization of the polyanions. the oligomeric polyanions were evaluated for their activity against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1 or hiv-2) and various other rna and dna viruses. with regard to their anti-hiv activity, a mi ... | 1997 | 9022800 |
| prevention of simian immunodeficiency virus, sivsm, or hiv-2 infection in cynomolgus monkeys by pre- and postexposure administration of bea-005. | to study the possibilities and limitations of postexposure treatment to prevent the establishment of infection after accidental exposure to hiv. | 1997 | 9030361 |
| novel 3'-c/n-substituted 2',3'-beta-d-dideoxynucleosides as potential chemotherapeutic agents. 1. thymidine derivatives: synthesis, structure, and broad spectrum antiviral properties. | a synthetic scheme for the 3'-oxime derivatives 3e, 5e, 5z, 7e and 7z of 1-(2,3-dideoxy-beta-d-glycero-pentofuranosyl)thymine and for 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-nitro-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-thymine (10) has been developed starting from appropriately 5'-protected 3'-ketothymidine. x-ray analysis showed that 3'-n-hydroxyimino 3e and 3'-n-methoxyimino 5z derivatives have close molecular conformations: anti about the n1-c1' bond, and gauche+ about the c4'-c5' exocyclic bond. their sugar conformations ... | 1997 | 9046339 |
| new anti-human immunodeficiency virus immunoblot assays resolve nonspecific western blot results. | two new anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (hiv-1/2) immunoblot assays, which use recombinant and synthetic antigens for antibody detection have become available. these assays might be able to resolve indeterminate anti-hiv western blot results. | 1997 | 9051095 |
| association of tat with purified hiv-1 and hiv-2 transcription preinitiation complexes. | the hiv-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) and hiv-2 tat proteins increase the level of transcription from their corresponding long terminal repeats. tat activates transcription likely by interaction with components of the transcriptional initiation and elongation complexes during different stages of the transcription reaction. in the current study, two approaches were used to address the sites at which tat becomes stably associated with the hiv transcription complex. first, we isolated col ... | 1997 | 9054383 |
| human immunodeficiency virus strains differ in their ability to infect cd4+ cells expressing the rat homolog of cxcr-4 (fusin). | a clade b strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1(lai)) could infect cd4+ cells expressing human cxcr-4 (fusin) or its rat homolog with similar efficacy. by contrast, cells expressing rat cxcr-4 were not permissive to hiv-1(ndk) (clade d), hiv-2(rod), or hiv-1(lai) with chimeric envelope protein gp120 bearing the v3 domain from hiv-1(ndk). the reciprocal chimeric gp120 (hiv-1(ndk) with v3 from hiv-1(lai)) could mediate infection of cells expressing either human or rat cxcr-4. geneti ... | 1997 | 9060691 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 preintegration complexes: activities in vitro and response to inhibitors. | we have established an assay for the function of preintegration complexes (pics) of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) to investigate the integration mechanism and to develop additional methods for screening candidate integration inhibitors. we partially purified hiv-2 pics and found that they were competent to integrate viral cdna into target dna in vitro. analysis of the structure of integration products on southern blots revealed forms consistent with those expected for authentic int ... | 1997 | 9060709 |
| human submandibular saliva specifically inhibits hiv type 1. | studies from a number of laboratories have shown the presence of factor(s) in whole, parotid, and submandibular human saliva capable of inhibiting hiv-1 infectivity in vitro. data from our laboratory suggested that the level of anti-hiv-1 activity is higher in submandibular than parotid or whole saliva. previous results obtained with pooled submandibular saliva from seronegative individuals included a filtration step following saliva-virus interaction. in this article, we present data on the hiv ... | 1997 | 9075477 |
| genetic variation in human immunodeficiency virus type 2: identification of a unique variant from human plasma. | 1997 | 9075481 | |
| evidence of hiv-2 infection in equatorial guinea (central africa): partial genetic analysis of a b subtype virus. | a case of hiv-2 infection is described in a 35-year-old woman born in malabo, equatorial guinea, who migrated to madrid, spain, in 1995. it was determined through questioning the woman that her only hiv-associated risk factor was unprotected heterosexual contacts in her country of origin. her ex-husband, to whom she had been married for 18 years, was also from equatorial guinea and was known to have had multiple sex partners. the woman reported having had heterosexual encounters with five oth ... | 1997 | 9075486 |
| physical interactions between ets and nf-kappab/nfat proteins play an important role in their cooperative activation of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer in t cells. | the transcriptional regulatory elements of many inducible t-cell genes contain adjacent or overlapping binding sites for the ets and nf-kappab/nfat families of transcription factors. similar arrays of functionally important nf-kappab/nfat and ets binding sites are present in the transcriptional enhancers of human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2), suggesting that this pattern of nuclear protein binding sites reflects an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for regulating ind ... | 1997 | 9094628 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) seroprevalence and characterization of a distinct hiv-2 genetic subtype from the natural range of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected sooty mangabeys. | the extent of zoonotic infections in rural sierra leone, where both feral and pet sooty mangabeys harbor divergent members of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)-sooty mangabey simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsm) family, was tested in blood samples collected from 9,309 human subjects in 1993. using hiv-1- and hiv-2-specific enzyme immunoassays and confirmatory western blot analysis to test for antibodies to sivsm-related lentiviruses, we found only nine subjects (0.096%) who tested ... | 1997 | 9094672 |
| location of cis-acting signals important for rna encapsidation in the leader sequence of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | we used a series of deletion mutations in the untranslated leader region of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) to seek cis-acting packaging signals. sequences between the 5' major splice donor and the gag initiation codon, where such signals have been identified in hiv-1, appear to make a measurable but very minor contribution to genomic rna packaging, and deletions here had little effect on viral replication in vitro. immediately 5' to the splice donor, two regions were identified whic ... | 1997 | 9094696 |
| [serotypes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in madrid]. | hiv-1 shows high genetic variability, mainly in the genomic region codifying the envelope proteins, which are the most immunogenic. this fact explains the high heterogeneity of antibodies against hiv-1 epitopes. both genetic and serologic diversity has allowed to classify hiv-1 variants in several subtypes (genotypes and serotypes, respectively). the clinical and epidemiological significance of infection caused by each subtype remains to be clarified. | 1997 | 9102487 |
| probing interactions between viral dna and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase using dinucleotides. | retroviral integrases are essential for viral replication and represent an attractive chemotherapeutic target. in the current study, we demonstrated the activity of micromolar concentrations of dinucleotides against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hiv type 2 (hiv-2), simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus integrases. the structure-activity relationship indicates that 5'-phosphorylation enhances potency and that phosphodiester and sugar modifications affect ... | 1997 | 9106620 |
| seroprevalence and coprevalence of hiv and hbsag in nigerian children with/without protein energy malnutrition. | in order to assess the seroprevalence and coprevalence of hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag), human immunodeficiency virus-1 and -2 (hiv-1 and -2) antibodies in nigerian children with/without protein energy malnutrition (pem), we studied plasma specimens of 206 children with pem and 200 apparently healthy reference children aged between 1 and 3 years by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa). hiv-seropositive cases were confirmed by immunoblotting (ib). of the children studied, eight (4%) o ... | 1997 | 9107364 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-resistant cd4+ ut-7 megakaryocytic human cell line becomes highly hiv-1 and hiv-2 susceptible upon cxcr4 transfection: induction of cell differentiation by hiv-1 infection. | recent findings have shown that the expression of the seven trans-membrane g-protein-coupled cxcr4 (the receptor for the stromal cell-derived factor [sdf]-1 chemokine) is necessary for the entry of t-lymphotropic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) strains, acting as a coreceptor of the cd4 molecule. in the human system, the role of cxcr4 in hiv infection has been determined through env-mediated cell fusion assays and confirmed by blocking viral entry in cd4+/cxcr4+ cells by sdf-1 pretreatment. w ... | 1997 | 9108384 |
| measurement of levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (rt) and rt activity-blocking antibody in human serum by a new standardized colorimetric assay. | standardization and calibration of a new colorimetric assay for detection of reverse transcriptase (rt) was carried out for optimal detection of rt activity-blocking antibody (rtb-ab) in serum. a total of 99 of 100 swedish and 54 of 54 african human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) antibody-positive individuals had rtb-ab. the one rtb-ab-negative hiv-1 serum sample from a swedish individual was obtained early during seroconversion. five of 615 hiv-1-negative sera from tumor patients, pregna ... | 1997 | 9114385 |
| cell cycle inhibitory effects of hiv and siv vpr and vpx in the yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. | the vpr gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (hiv-1, hiv-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) encodes a small nuclear protein which is virion-associated and assists nuclear transport of the preintegration complex. expression of hiv-1 vpr has been shown to induce differentiation and prevent proliferation of human cells. hiv-1 vpr has also been shown to arrest cell growth and cause morphological defects in yeast. in contrast, the vpx gene of hiv-2 and siv, which shares sequ ... | 1997 | 9126266 |
| the 80's loop (residues 78 to 85) is important for the differential activity of retroviral proteases. | the abundance of structural data available for retroviral proteases affords a unique opportunity to investigate structure activity relationships. our approach attempts to genetically engineer an hiv (human immunodeficiency virus)-1 protease that is functionally equivalent to the hiv-2 and the siv (simian immunodeficiency virus) enzymes and conversely to engineer an hiv-2 protease that is functionally equivalent to the hiv-1 enzyme. for this purpose, the hiv-2 and siv proteases were cloned and ch ... | 1997 | 9126830 |
| solution structure of the hiv-2 tar-argininamide complex. | the trans-activating region (tar) rna-tat protein interaction is important for activation of transciption in the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a model complex for this interaction composed of the two base bulge hiv-2 tar and the amide derivative of arginine was studied by multidimensional heteronuclear nmr. because of the improved spectral properties of the hiv-2 tar complex, a larger number of noes in the bulge region were observed than in earlier studies of the hiv-1 tar-argininamide com ... | 1997 | 9126842 |
| cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes of a cynomolgus macaque infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) mac32h-j5 recognize a nine amino acid epitope in siv gag p26. | a detailed analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses and the identification of the proteins and epitopes they target may improve the design of immunotherapeutic interventions and provide insights into aids pathogenesis. here, we identified a new ctl epitope in the siv gag protein, recognized by cd8+ and mhc class i-restricted ctl clones from a long-term asymptomatic cynomolgus macaque (macaca fascicularis) infected with sivmac32h-j5. using ov ... | 1997 | 9129654 |
| [antigenicity of nine synthetic peptides of human immunodeficiency virus]. | to establish a elisa method to detect the infection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), we synthesized nine peptides ranging in length between 10-27 amino acid (aa) of hiv located in the regions of gp41, p24 of hiv-1 and gp36 of hiv-2, according to the published amino acid sequence and the position of antigenic determinants of viruses, by a solid-phase method. we detected 10 positive sera of hiv-1 and 4 positive sera of hiv-2 by a indirect elisa using these synthetic peptides as the coating a ... | 1997 | 9812570 |
| t-lymphocytopaenia, opportunistic infections and pathological findings in ghanaian aids patients and their sexual partners. | ninety-nine patients at center for disease control (cdc) clinical stage iv were studied. twelve (12.12%) of these patients turned out to be hiv seronegative. ten out of the 12 hiv negative patients were immunocompetent whereas the other two had proportional decreases in both cd4+ and cd8+ t-lymphocytes. hiv-1, hiv-2, and dual infection, were detected in 51.5%, 2%, and 22.2% respectively of clinical aids patients. the other 12.12% of clinical aids patients were indeterminate for hiv antibodies. a ... | 1997 | 9557423 |
| prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus among patients with tuberculosis in sierra leone, established from dried blood spots on filter paper. | sierra leone national tuberculosis programme. | 1997 | 9487445 |
| anti-hiv activity of n-1-adamantyl-4-aminophthalimide. | the discovery of new leads acting via novel modes of action in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the causative agent of aids, remains a challenge. along this line we synthesized and evaluated a series of n-substituted 4-aminophthalimides which were designed according to the models of thalidomide, phenytoin (pht) and ameltolide. from a series of 24 compounds only n-1-adamantyl-4-aminophthalimide was endowed with anti-hiv-1 and -hiv-2 activity in cem cell cultures. | 1997 | 9863507 |
| diagnostic challenges for rapid human immunodeficiency virus assays. performance using hiv-1 group o, hiv-1 group m, and hiv-2 samples. | we sought to determine the ability of seven rapid assays for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) to detect antibodies in a panel of sera from individuals infected with different types and groups of hiv. | 1997 | 10195230 |
| the role of stavudine in the management of adults with hiv infection. | combinations of two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus a third agent represent the current standard for antiretroviral therapy. stavudine is a nucleoside analogue that demonstrates in vitro activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 within an acceptable therapeutic index in a range of t lymphocyte and haematopoietic precursor cell lines. it is additive or synergistic in vitro with a number of other antiretrovirals including protease inhibitors i ... | 1997 | 11327440 |
| rnas selected in vitro by the hiv-2 tat protein. | the tat proteins of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 (hiv-1) and 2 (hiv-2), termed tat-1 and tat-2, respectively, are essential for efficient viral replication. tat proteins activate viral transcription by binding to the tar rna stem-loop structure at the 5' end of viral transcripts. we used an in vitro selection procedure to identify rnas present in a large sequence pool that are able to bind to purified tat-2 protein. the sequences of the selected rnas demonstrated a consensus feature: 20 ... | 1997 | 11725130 |
| specificity of retroviral proteinases based on substrates containing tyrosine and proline at the site of cleavage. | the retroviral proteinase (pr) plays crucial roles in the viral life cycle, therefore it is a target for chemotherapy. however, resistance rapidly develops due to frequent mutations. studies to determine the common features of the specificity of different retroviral prs may help to design broad spectrum inhibitors and reduce the possibility of viable mutants. we have studied the specificity of various retroviral proteinases including those the pr of hiv-1, hiv-2, equine infectious anemia virus a ... | 1997 | 11173643 |
| stavudine:pharmacology,clinical use and future role. | stavudine is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor of hiv-1 and hiv-2 and demonstrates in vitro activity with an acceptable therapeutic index in a range of t-lymphocyte and haematopoietic precursor cell lines. it is additive or synergistic in vitro with a range of other antiretrovirals, including the proteinase inhibitor saquinavir, in two- and three-way combinations and is active against zidovudine (zdv)-resistant virus. it exhibits excellent oral bioavailability, with cerebrosp ... | 1997 | 15989602 |
| [the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1/2 antibody using synthetic peptides]. | four peptides of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) located in the regions of gp41, gp120, p24 of hiv-1 and gp36 of hiv-2 have been synthesized according to the published amino acid sequences and the positions of antigenetic determinants of viruses by a solid-phase method. an indirect elisa for detecting antibody against hiv 1/2 was established using these synthetic peptides as the coating antigens. we detected 41 control sera provided by national institute for the control of pharmaceutical and ... | 1997 | 15619912 |
| aids -- diagnosis and management. | hiv infection causes aids, a fatal disease. viral types hiv-1 and hiv-2 have thus far been identified, the latter form presenting mainly in west africa. hiv-1 is in countries throughout the world, demonstrating a pattern of infection which varies by region. 960 hiv-positive cases have been detected in pakistan, 52 of which had progressed to aids. hiv can be transmitted either horizontally by blood and semen or vertically through the placenta. however, transmission is most common in individu ... | 1996 | 12346519 |
| strategies for safe blood. reducing hiv transmission. | blood transfusion programs can minimize the risk of transfusing infected blood through three strategies: 1) recruiting and counseling voluntary donors who are at low risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), 2) screening all donated blood for hiv and other infections transmitted by blood and safely disposing of infected blood, and 3) reducing the number of blood and blood product transfusions. schools, universities, church groups, community centers, and workplaces provide opportunities for ed ... | 1996 | 12291928 |
| hiv-1 epidemic and public health threat in central african republic. | preliminary sampling among the population of the central african republic suggested a wide genetic variation of hiv-1 subtypes, which indicated multiple introductions of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) into the country. in response to these findings, dr. timothy j. dondero of the u.s. centers for disease control and prevention led a multicenter group that examined the epidemiologic patterns of hiv-1 in the central african republic. 2250 individuals from 17 sites in 10 cities were tested and ... | 1996 | 12291508 |
| prevalence of hiv-2 infection in europe. | the hiv/aids pandemic is primarily caused by hiv-1. another type of virus, hiv-2, is found mainly in certain west african countries in europe, most of the cases of hiv-2 infection described have been in people from africa. the objective of this study was | 1996 | 12631849 |
| [accessibility to health services by hiv-infected patients: a literature review] | the aim of this paper is to provide a review of studies on accessibility to health care. it has been shown that patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may present better survival estimates depending upon their access to adequate health care, such as the availability of prophylactic therapy (e.g. zidovudine, pentamidine). the present review has emphasized access to health care in light of data from the current hiv epidemic. theorical aspects pertaining to accessibility are pr ... | 1996 | 10904325 |
| hormone receptor regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 long terminal repeats. | both host cell and viral transcription factors regulate the long terminal repeat (ltr) of human immuno-deficiency virus (hiv) activity and viral replication. using transient transfection, ligand-activated thyroid hormone and 9-cis-retinoic acid receptors (t(3)r and rxr) were found to stimulate hiv-1 and hiv-2 ltr activities. they also stimulated hiv-1 viral production. drosophila sl2 cells that lack sp1 and t(3)r were used to study hiv-1 and hiv-2 ltr activities. both activities were stimulated ... | 1996 | 11725114 |
| isolation of an in vitro transmissible agent with reverse transcriptase activity from a blood donor with a borderline-positive hiv-1 serology for more than five years. | reverse transcriptase (rt) is present in all infectious retrovirus particles. sensitive rt tests should thus detect all such particles. a family of ultrasensitive rt tests, product-enhanced reverse transcriptase (pert) assays, have been designed. accumulated results show that (i) a first version of the pert assay that uses microtiter/elisa technology detects rt of only 3-11 retroviral particles, (ii) very different human and animal lenti- and oncoviruses are detected very sensitively, (iii) hiv- ... | 1996 | 15566879 |
| transmission electron microscopy on simian immunodeficiency virus-infected cocultures of vervet monkeys. | healthy african green monkeys are the natural reservoirs for certain hiv-related sivs. more research is now focused on these nonhuman primates that are asymptomatic, so as to answer questions of origins, pathogenesis and therapy with respect to hiv in man. the present study involves the isolation and subsequent co-cultivation of siv variants from two healthy vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus). western blots (new lav blot 1 and new lav blot 2, pasteur) revealed sero cross-reactiv ... | 1996 | 17451298 |
| development of a multiplex pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of hiv-1, hiv-2, htlv-i and htlv-ii. | multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been established as a general technique for the simultaneous amplification of different target sequences. uses of multiplex include pathogens identification, linkage analysis and genetic disease diagnosis. the high sensitivity of pcr may produce false-positive results due to contamination with previously amplified material. | 1996 | 9137864 |
| solution conformation of an immunogenic peptide derived from the principal neutralizing determinant of the hiv-2 envelope glycoprotein gp125. | the conformational preferences of a number of peptides with sequences related to the envelope glycoproteins of hiv-1 have been investigated in the past few years. similar studies have not been made for hiv-2, which is a distinct virus with similar physiological effects to those of hiv-1. the discovery of common structural features would be a promising route to the design of immunogens for generally effective hiv vaccines. we present the results of an nmr conformational study of a sequence derivi ... | 1996 | 9079375 |
| hiv-2 prevalence in uttar pradesh. | serum samples collected since 1989 with various patterns of reactivity for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, on the basis of screening elisa and confirmatory western blot (wb) test, were subjected to the detection of hiv-2 infection based on screening dot immunoassay and confirmatory wb for hiv-2. significant prevalence of hiv-2 infection was (37.03%) among sera reactive for hiv-1 by elisa but indeterminate by western blot, compared with sera reactive for hiv-1 by elisa and wb (3.29%) or neg ... | 1996 | 9062036 |
| evidence for the association of nef protein with hiv-2 virions. | hiv-nef protein supports viral infectivity prior to proviral integration. this requires nef to be present before the expression of viral genes and suggests its delivery as part of the virion. we report here that the nef proteins of hiv-2-hom and hiv-2-rod are associated with the virion. after the separation of pelleted virus in a 20-60% sucrose density gradient, both proteins cosedimented with the virion-associated reverse transcriptase (rt) activity at a density characteristic of retroviral par ... | 1996 | 9029783 |
| [occurrence of false positives in tests with synthetic peptides for the analysis of antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) in brazilian patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)]. | 1996 | 9011891 | |
| [course of hiv2 seroprevalence at the national hospital of niamey (niger)]. | about the 25,368 serological tests done among the different groups of the population at the biological laboratory of the national hospital of niamey from march 1987 to may 1990, the author studied the seroprevalence evolution of the infection hiv2. a regular fall for the hiv2 appeared in this period. the author tries to explain this fall of the hiv2 in a country newly infected by the hiv by the lower infectivity of the hiv2 and/or a failure to adjust of this virus in niger. | 1996 | 8998417 |
| cd8+ cells from asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals suppress superinfection of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | most human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals show evidence of infection by only one strain of the virus despite possible frequent contact with multiple strains. the reason(s) for the emergence of a dominant strain of virus in hiv-infected people and the mechanism(s) which prevent other strains from establishing an infection is not known. in the present study, we demonstrate that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of asymptomatic hiv-infected individuals can resist producti ... | 1996 | 9000085 |
| cdc42 and rac1 are implicated in the activation of the nef-associated kinase and replication of hiv-1. | the negative factor (nef) of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2 and siv) is required for high levels of viremia and progression to aids. additionally, nef leads to cellular activation, increased viral infectivity and decreased expression of cd4 on the cell surface. previously, we and others demonstrated that nef associates with a cellular serine kinase (nak) activity. recently, it was demonstrated that nak bears structural and functional similarity to p21-activated kinases ( ... | 1996 | 8994833 |
| mutational analysis of the fusion peptide of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1: identification of critical glycine residues. | the ability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) to fuse its membrane with the membrane of the target cell is a function of a approximately 23-amino-acid amino-terminal segment of the gp41 subunit of the envelope glycoprotein complex, known as the fusion peptide. the sequence of the fusion peptide is highly conserved among different variants of hiv-1 and is also very similar to that of hiv-2 and siv. the fusion peptide is very hydrophobic and has a high content of glycine and alanine r ... | 1996 | 8615045 |
| multiple immunizations with attenuated poxvirus hiv type 2 recombinants and subunit boosts required for protection of rhesus macaques. | vaccine protocols involving multiple immunizations with molecularly attenuated vaccinia virus (nyvac) or naturally attenuated canarypox virus (alvac) hiv-2 recombinants and subunit boosts have conferred longlasting protection against hiv-2 infection of macaques. similar complex protocols using hiv-1 nyvac and alvac recombinants and subunit boosts have provided cross-protection against hiv-2 challenge. here a simplified three-immunization regimen over 24 weeks was tested in 18 juvenile rhesus mac ... | 1996 | 8827214 |
| antiviral and resistance studies of ag1343, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease. | ag1343 ([3s-(3r*,4ar*,8ar*,2's*,3's*)]-2-[2' hydroxy-3'-phenylthiomethyl-4'-aza-5'-oxo-5'-(2''-methyl-3''-hydro xy-phenyl) pentyl]-decahydroiso-quinoline-3-n-t-butylcarboxamide methanesulfonic acid) is a selective, nonpeptidic inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease (ki = 2 nm) that was discovered by protein structure-based drug design methodologies. ag1343 was effective against the replication of several laboratory and clinical hiv type 1 (hiv-1) or hiv-2 isolates including pyr ... | 1996 | 8834868 |
| a model for alignment of env v1 and v2 hypervariable domains from human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. | hiv-1 env gene encodes a multifunctional glycoprotein that is involved in virus infectivity, interactions between the virus and the host immune system, and phenotypic characteristics of virus isolates in culture. a number of env functions map by genetic analysis to v3, one of five hypervariable domains that compose the surface component of env gp120. v1 and v2 hypervariable domains of env also contribute to the phenotype of hiv-1, although relationships between v1 and v2 genotypes and biological ... | 1996 | 8844021 |
| evaluation of a new third generation anti-hiv-1/anti-hiv-2 assay with increased sensitivity for hiv-1 group o. | although the hiv-1 group o virus found in two persons of cameroonian origin has been described in 1990 (de leys et al., 1990), sera from group o infected individuals became available only recently. several studies showed that some of the anti-hiv-1/hiv-2 screening tests failed to detect all of these samples (loussert-ajaka et al., 1994; simon et al., 1994; schable et al., 1994; gürtler et al., 1995). in the current version of an anti-hiv-1/anti-hiv-2 screening assay, namely the vironostika hiv u ... | 1996 | 8844618 |