Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| induction of neutralizing antibody responses to anthrax protective antigen by using influenza virus vectors: implications for disparate immune system priming pathways. | viral vectors based on influenza virus, rabies virus (rv), and vaccinia virus (vv) were used to express large polypeptide segments derived from the bacillus anthracis protective antigen (pa). for the infectious influenza virus vector and recombinant vv constructs, the receptor binding domain (rbd or domain 4) or the lethal and edema factor binding domain (lef or domain 1') were engineered into functional chimeric hemagglutinin (ha) glycoproteins. in the case of the rv vector, the viral glycoprot ... | 2010 | 20504926 |
| [an epidemiological investigation of the rabies between 1999 - 2008 in yancheng city, jiangsu province.]. | to better understand the epidemiology of rabies during the past ten years in yancheng city, jiangsu province. | 2010 | 20510058 |
| immunovirological correlates in human rabies treated with therapeutic coma. | a 37-year-old woman was admitted to hospital and over the next 5 days developed a progressive encephalitis. nuchal skin biopsy, analyzed using a rabies taqman(c) pcr, demonstrated rabies virus rna. she had a history in keeping with exposure to rabies whilst in south africa, but had not received pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis. she was treated with a therapeutic coma according to the "milwaukee protocol," which failed to prevent the death of the patient. rabies virus was isolated from csf and s ... | 2010 | 20513093 |
| [the establishment of a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for testing rabies virus neutralizing antibody.]. | to establish a rapid fluorescent inhibition test (rffit) for testing rabies virus neutralizing antibody and the titer of rabies virus neutralizing antibody. cvs-11 was used as the standard challenge virus, and three generations prepared for the establishment of the virus library. | 2010 | 20513292 |
| host immunity to repeated rabies virus infection in big brown bats. | bats are natural reservoirs for the majority of lyssaviruses globally, and are unique among mammals in having exceptional sociality and longevity. given these facets, and the recognized status of bats as reservoirs for rabies viruses (rabvs) in the americas, individual bats may experience repeated exposure to rabv during their lifetime. nevertheless, little information exists with regard to within-host infection dynamics and the role of immunological memory that may result from abortive rabv inf ... | 2010 | 20519458 |
| characterization of conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies against rabies virus nucleoprotein. | three anti-rabies virus (rabv) nucleoprotein (n) monoclonal antibodies (mab) were characterized by immunofluorescence assays, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. one of these mabs recognized the antigen by all of the assays, while the other two recognized n only in the native form in the immunofluorescence assay. these data, together with epitope mapping studies, suggest that two anti-n mabs recognize conformational epitopes located within the n-terminal region of the rabv n protein. the ... | 2010 | 20521069 |
| why does the prognosis remain so poor in human rabies? | 2010 | 20521888 | |
| assessing the relationship between antigenicity and immunogenicity of human rabies vaccines when administered by intradermal route: results of a metaanalysis. | the metadata of 10 published studies and 3 vaccine trial reports comprising of 19 vaccine cohorts from four countries conducted over a period of 23 years (1986 - 2009) was used for metaanalysis. the vaccines studied were purified chick embryo cell vaccine (rabipur, india & germany), purified vero cell rabies vaccine (verorab, france; indirab, india) & human diploid cell vaccine (mirv, france).the potency of these vaccines varied from 0.55 iu to 2.32 iu per intradermal dose of 0.1 ml per site. th ... | 2010 | 20523131 |
| molecular basis of neurovirulence of flury rabies virus vaccine strains: importance of the polymerase and the glycoprotein r333q mutation. | the molecular mechanisms associated with rabies virus (rv) virulence are not fully understood. in this study, the rv flury low-egg-passage (lep) and high-egg-passage (hep) strains were used as models to explore the attenuation mechanism of rv. the results of our studies confirmed that the r333q mutation in the glycoprotein (g(r333q)) is crucial for the attenuation of flury rv in mice. the r333q mutation is stably maintained in the hep genome background but not in the lep genome background during ... | 2010 | 20538851 |
| [a human rabies case with antemortem diagnosis]. | rabies, which is an acute, progressive, fatal zoonotic infectious disease, is almost always caused by the bite of rabid animals containing rabies virus in their saliva. since there is no established specific therapy for rabies, preventive and prophylactic measures are of critical importance. in this report a case of human rabies diagnosed antemortem, was presented. a 29 year old man was admitted to harran university hospital (in sanliurfa province, located at southeastern anatolia) emergency ser ... | 2010 | 20549967 |
| comparative analysis of rabies virus reverse transcription-pcr and virus isolation using samples from a patient infected with rabies virus. | definite and rapid diagnosis of rabies is required for individual case management as well as for public health. for the first time, a direct comparison of virus isolation with quantitative real-time reverse transcription (rt)-pcr on human rabies samples was conducted. rt-pcr was found to be more sensitive than virus isolation. | 2010 | 20554825 |
| reassessing the risk from rabies: a continuing threat to the uk? | the threat of re-introduction of rabies virus into the united kingdom exists on several levels. firstly, importation of live animals into the uk continues to challenge the regulations in place to ensure that the virus does not enter the country. secondly, the indigenous bat population is known to carry a virus genetically related to rabies virus, the european bat lyssavirus (eblv). molecular characterization of this virus has further characterized it as being eblv type 2, genetically distinct fr ... | 2010 | 20558215 |
| [analysis of full-length gene sequence of a rabies vaccine strain ctn-1 for human use in china]. | ctn-1 is one of the rabies vaccine strains for human use in china, but there has been no report on the full-length gene sequence of ctn-1. in this study, the full-length gene of ctn-1 was amplified by rt-pcr, each pcr product was cloned into t vector and then sequenced, assemblied and compared with other vaccine strains as well as the wild chinese rabies isolates. the phylogenetic tree of g gene was constructed and the genetic homology was analyzed. the results revealed that ctn-1 was 11 925nt ( ... | 2010 | 20572340 |
| recombinant diabody-based immunocapture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of rabies virus glycoprotein. | the potency of rabies vaccines, determined using the nih mouse protection test, can be directly correlated to the amount of rabies virus glycoprotein (rv gp) present in the vaccine. in an effort to develop a simple and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant diabody for quantification of rv gp, the variable heavy (v(h)) and light chain (v(l)) domains of an rv gp-specific human monoclonal antibody (mab) secreted by a human x mouse heterohybridoma (human mab r16e5) wa ... | 2010 | 20573881 |
| subcapsular sinus macrophages prevent cns invasion on peripheral infection with a neurotropic virus. | lymph nodes (lns) capture microorganisms that breach the body's external barriers and enter draining lymphatics, limiting the systemic spread of pathogens. recent work has shown that cd11b(+)cd169(+) macrophages, which populate the subcapsular sinus (scs) of lns, are critical for the clearance of viruses from the lymph and for initiating antiviral humoral immune responses. here we show, using vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), a relative of rabies virus transmitted by insect bites, that scs macro ... | 2010 | 20577213 |
| rig-i mediates nonsegmented negative-sense rna virus-induced inflammatory immune responses of primary human astrocytes. | while astrocytes produce key inflammatory mediators following exposure to neurotropic nonsegmented negative-sense rna viruses such as rabies virus and measles virus, the mechanisms by which resident central nervous system (cns) cells perceive such viral challenges have not been defined. recently, several cytosolic dexd/h box rna helicases including retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) have been described that function as intracellular sensors of replicative rna viruses. here, we demonstrate th ... | 2010 | 20578054 |
| expression of mip-1alpha (ccl3) by a recombinant rabies virus enhances its immunogenicity by inducing innate immunity and recruiting dendritic cells and b cells. | previously, we showed that overexpression of mip-1alpha in mouse brain further decreased rabies virus (rabv) pathogenicity (l. zhao, h. toriumi, y. kuang, h. chen, and z. f. fu, j. virol., 83:11808-11818, 2009). in the present study, the immunogenicity of recombinant rabv expressing mip-1alpha (rhep-mip1alpha) was determined. it was found that intramuscular immunization of balb/c mice with rhep-mip1alpha resulted in a higher level of expression of mip-1alpha at the site of inoculation, increased ... | 2010 | 20592092 |
| characterization of a panel of anti-phosphoprotein monoclonal antibodies generated against the raccoon strain of rabies virus. | the generation of a new panel of 32 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with the p protein of the raccoon strain of rabies virus is described. through a series of analyses employing competitive elisa and immunoblotting, these mabs were classified into eight groups, each defining an antigenic site, thereby increasing the number of sites now recognized along the length of the p protein. studies on mab reactivity with a collection of diverse lyssaviruses identified sites that were highly conserve ... | 2010 | 20600390 |
| safety and efficacy of novel dermal and epidermal microneedle delivery systems for rabies vaccination in healthy adults. | in the present pilot study, intradermal id delivery systems with a bd microneedle from 1 to 3mm in length, and epidermal delivery (bd skin abrader) through abraded skin surface relative to standard intramuscular injection were evaluated. circulating neutralizing antibodies were measured against the rabies virus after the vero cells rabies vaccine was administered at d0, d7, d21 and d49. this clinical evaluation in 66 healthy volunteers shows that id delivery using bd microneedle technology of 1/ ... | 2010 | 20600481 |
| fine mapping and interaction analysis of a linear rabies virus neutralizing epitope. | a novel human antibody ar16, targeting the g5 linear epitope of rabies virus glycoprotein (rvg) was shown to have promising antivirus potency. using ar16, the minimal binding region within g5 was identified as hdfr (residues 261-264), with key residues hdf (residues 261-263) identified by alanine replacement scanning. the key hdf was highly conserved within phylogroup i lyssaviruses but not those in phylogroup ii. using computer-aided docking and interaction models, not only the key residues (as ... | 2010 | 20601078 |
| rabies virus in insectivorous bats: implications of the diversity of the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes for molecular epidemiology. | insectivorous bats are the main reservoirs of rabies virus (rabv) in various regions of the world. the aims of this study were to (a) establish genealogies for rabv strains from different species of brazilian insectivorous bats based on the nucleoprotein (n) and glycoprotein (g) genes, (b) investigate specific rabv lineages associated with certain genera of bats and (c) identify molecular markers that can distinguish between these lineages. the genealogic analysis of n and g from 57 rabv strains ... | 2010 | 20609456 |
| generation of recombinant european bat lyssavirus type 1 and inter-genotypic compatibility of lyssavirus genotype 1 and 5 antigenome promoters. | bat lyssaviruses (fam. rhabdoviridae) represent a source for the infection of terrestial mammals and the development of rabies disease. molecular differences in the replication of bat and non-bat lyssaviruses and their contribution to pathogenicity, however, are unknown. one reason for this is the lack of reverse genetics systems for bat-restricted lyssaviruses. to investigate bat lyssavirus replication and host adaptation, we developed a reverse genetics system for european bat lyssavirus type ... | 2010 | 20614145 |
| two overlapping domains of a lyssavirus matrix protein that acts on different cell death pathways. | the lyssavirus matrix (m) protein induces apoptosis. the regions of the m protein that are essential for triggering cell death pathways are not yet clearly defined. we therefore compared the m proteins from two viruses that have contrasting characteristics in terms of cellular apoptosis: a genotype 3 lyssavirus, mokola virus (mok), and a genotype 1 rabies virus isolated from a dog from thailand (tha). we identified a 20-amino-acid fragment (corresponding to positions 67 to 86) that retained the ... | 2010 | 20631119 |
| seroconversion following incomplete human rabies postexposure prophylaxis. | in august 2008, cdc and the puerto rico department of health conducted a serosurvey of patients who had discontinued rabies postexposure prophylaxis (pep) prior to completing a schedule of five vaccine doses. the objective was to determine whether further vaccination of these patients was needed based on serum rabies neutralizing antibody levels. eighteen patients consented to serology using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. the world health organization's cutoff value of 0.5 iu/ml wa ... | 2010 | 20637309 |
| human rabies transmitted by vampire bats: antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from the amazon region (brazil and ecuador). | since 2004, the main transmitter of human rabies in latin america has been the vampire bat (desmodus rotundus). based on the nucleoprotein of the rabies virus (rv), we analyzed antigenic and genetic profiles of isolates from 29 samples taken from humans living in different areas of the amazon region. two isolates were from ecuador and 27 from the northern and northeastern regions of brazil, which were obtained during outbreaks in various municipalities in the states of pará and maranhão in the y ... | 2010 | 20637811 |
| use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies-recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practice. | 2010 | 20648715 | |
| impact of emergency oral rabies vaccination of foxes in northeastern italy, 28 december 2009-20 january 2010: preliminary evaluation. | fox rabies re-emerged in northeastern italy in 2008, in an area bordering slovenia. in 2009, the infection spread westward to veneto region and in 2010 to the provinces of trento and bolzano. aerial emergency oral fox vaccination was implemented in the winter 2009-10. since this vaccination was performed at altitudes below the freezing level, a statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate its impact. of the foxes sampled following the vaccination campaign, 77% showed a rabies antibody titre of ... | 2010 | 20650054 |
| transmission dynamics of rabies in china over the last 40 years: 1969-2009. | rabies is a serious reemerging zoonosis in china. the molecular evolution and transmission patterns of rabies virus inferred from historical data can provide guidelines for better disease control and prevention in the future. | 2010 | 20650678 |
| rabies virus infection induces type i interferon production in an ips-1 dependent manner while dendritic cell activation relies on ifnar signaling. | as with many viruses, rabies virus (rabv) infection induces type i interferon (ifn) production within the infected host cells. however, rabv has evolved mechanisms by which to inhibit ifn production in order to sustain infection. here we show that rabv infection of dendritic cells (dc) induces potent type i ifn production and dc activation. although dcs are infected by rabv, the viral replication is highly suppressed in dcs, rendering the infection non-productive. we exploited this finding in bo ... | 2010 | 20661430 |
| motor and non-motor projections from the cerebellum to rostrocaudally distinct sectors of the dorsal premotor cortex in macaques. | in the caudal part of the dorsal premotor cortex of macaques (area f2), both anatomical and physiological studies have identified two rostrocaudally separate sectors. the rostral sector (f2r) is located medial to the genu of the arcuate sulcus, and the caudal sector (f2c) is located lateral to the superior precentral dimple. here we examined the sites of origin of projections from the cerebellum to f2r and f2c. we applied retrograde transsynaptic transport of a neurotropic virus, cvs-11 of rabie ... | 2010 | 20384784 |
| [targeted inhibition of rabies virus replication in vitro by single chain antibody domain mediated vector expression shrna delivery]. | single chain antibody-mediated delivery is a novel approach for targeting shrna to appropriate cells. in this report, we studied whether this shrna delivery strategy would be effective against rabies virus. | 2010 | 20387470 |
| antibody levels against rabies among occupationally exposed individuals in a nigerian university. | the authors investigated the levels of anti-glycoprotein antibodies against rabies virus in the sera of occupationally exposed humans at the university of ibadan, nigeria. a quantitative indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect rabies virus anti-glycoprotein antibodies in sera from 20 zoological garden workers, 20 veterinarians and 30 clinical veterinary students at the university of ibadan. the sera were obtained between september 2008 and february 2009. of these 70 ... | 2010 | 20391364 |
| new rabies virus variant found during an epizootic in white-nosed coatis from the yucatan peninsula. | in february 2008, three white-nosed coatis (nasua narica) were found dead in a recreational park in cancun, mexico. the diagnosis of rabies virus (rabv) infection was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence test. the phylogenetic analysis performed with the complete rabv nucleoprotein gene positioned this isolate close to a sequence of a human rabies case reported during 2008 from oaxaca, mexico, sharing 93% similarity. in turn, these two variants are related to another variant found in rabid tad ... | 2010 | 20392303 |
| comparative analysis of rabies virus isolates from brazilian canids and bats based on the g gene and g-l intergenic region. | rabies virus (rabv) isolates from two species of canids and three species of bats were analyzed by comparing the c-terminal region of the g gene and the g-l intergenic region of the virus genome. intercluster identities for the genetic sequences of the isolates showed both regions to be poorly conserved. phylogenetic trees were generated by the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods, and the results were found to agree between the two methods for both regions. putative amino acid sequenc ... | 2010 | 20401500 |
| a method for simultaneous detection and identification of brazilian dog- and vampire bat-related rabies virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | at present, the sporadic occurrence of human rabies in brazil can be attributed primarily to dog- and vampire bat-related rabies viruses. reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was employed as a simultaneous detection method for both rabies field variants within 60 min. vampire bat-related rabies viruses could be distinguished from dog variants by digesting amplicons of the rt-lamp reaction using the restriction enzyme alwi. amplification and digestion could both ... | 2010 | 20403387 |
| the basal ganglia communicate with the cerebellum. | the basal ganglia and cerebellum are major subcortical structures that influence not only movement, but putatively also cognition and affect. both structures receive input from and send output to the cerebral cortex. thus, the basal ganglia and cerebellum form multisynaptic loops with the cerebral cortex. basal ganglia and cerebellar loops have been assumed to be anatomically separate and to perform distinct functional operations. we investigated whether there is any direct route for basal gangl ... | 2010 | 20404184 |
| spatial and temporal dynamics of rabies virus variants in big brown bat populations across canada: footprints of an emerging zoonosis. | phylogenetic analysis of a collection of rabies viruses that currently circulate in canadian big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) identified five distinct lineages which have emerged from a common ancestor that existed over 400 years ago. four of these lineages are regionally restricted in their range while the fifth lineage, comprising two-thirds of all specimens, has emerged in recent times and exhibits a recent demographic expansion with rapid spread across the canadian range of its host. four o ... | 2010 | 20406385 |
| molecular characterization of a chinese variant of the flury-lep strain. | the entire genome of rabies virus vaccine strain flury-lep-c, a chinese variant of the rabies virus vaccine strain flury-lep, was sequenced. the overall length of the genome of flury-lep-c strain was 11 924 nucleotides (nt), comprising a leader sequence of 58 nt, nucleoprotein (n) gene of 1353 nt, phosphoprotein (p) gene of 894 nt, matrix protein (m) gene of 609 nt, glycoprotein (g) gene of 1575 nt, rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp, l) gene of 6384 nt, and a trailer region of 70 nt. there was ... | 2010 | 20423522 |
| role of interferon antagonist activity of rabies virus phosphoprotein in viral pathogenicity. | the fixed rabies virus (rv) strain nishigahara kills adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas the chicken embryo fibroblast cell-adapted strain ni-ce causes nonlethal infection in adult mice. we previously reported that the chimeric ce(nip) strain, which has the phosphoprotein (p protein) gene from the nishigahara strain in the genetic background of the ni-ce strain, causes lethal infection in adult mice, indicating that the p gene is responsible for the different pathogenicities of t ... | 2010 | 20427527 |
| a multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus. | a multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) method was developed for the detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus (cdv). a pair of primers (p1 and p4) specific for cdv corresponding to the highly conserved region of the cdv genome were used as a common primer pair in the first-round pcr of the nested pcr. primers p2 specific for cdv wild-type strains, were used as the forward primer together with the common reverse ... | 2010 | 20433759 |
| structure of the dimerization domain of the rabies virus phosphoprotein. | the crystal structure of the dimerization domain of rabies virus phosphoprotein was determined. the monomer consists of two alpha-helices that make a helical hairpin held together mainly by hydrophobic interactions. the monomer has a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic face, and in the dimer two monomers pack together through their hydrophobic surfaces. this structure is very different from the dimerization domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein and also from the tetramerization domai ... | 2010 | 20089657 |
| the added value of rabies virus as a retrograde tracer when combined with dual anterograde tract-tracing. | rabies virus (rv) has widely been used as a trans-synaptic retrograde tracer to analyze chains of connected neurons. the use of antibodies directed against the viral nucleoprotein enables viral nucleocapsids to be visualized within the cell soma, as well as within the thickest main dendrites. however, through this approach it is often difficult to accurately define post-synaptic elements (thin dendrites and/or dendritic spines). this limitation can now easily been circumvented by taking advantag ... | 2010 | 20096304 |
| rabies vaccination update. | 2010 | 20097649 | |
| characterization of a rabies virus isolate from a ferret badger (melogale moschata) with unique molecular differences in glycoprotein antigenic site iii. | rabies virus was isolated from the brain of a chinese ferret badger (melogale moschata) and identified as having an r333q substitution within its glycoprotein antigenic site iii. additionally, compared with vaccine strains and other rabies virus isolates from dogs and ferret badgers in china, the isolate had five other amino acid substitutions in its glycoprotein: p(-17)l in the signal peptide, r88h, l225m, and d422e in the ectoplasmic region, and g478e in the cytoplasmic region. this isolate po ... | 2010 | 20109507 |
| aggression and rabid coyotes, massachusetts, usa. | 2010 | 20113587 | |
| updated list of bat species positive for rabies in brazil. | this paper presents an updated list of bat species positive for rabies in brazil. it was developed based on database research via the internet, of international and national literature and annals of the most important technical and scientific meetings related to rabies and chiroptera in brazil from 1996 to 2009. the new list of rabies positive bats consists of 41 species, belonging to 25 genera and three families: phyllostomidae 43.9%, vespertilionidae 29.3% and molossidae 26.8%. in addition, qu ... | 2010 | 20464127 |
| genetic characterization of rabies virus isolated from bovines and equines between 2007 and 2008, in the states of são paulo and minas gerais. | rabies is an acute disease of the central nervous system and is responsible for the deaths of thousands of humans, wild animals and livestock, particularly cattle, as well as causing major economic losses. this study describes the genetic characterization of rabies virus variants that circulate in desmodus rotundus populations and are transmitted to herbivores. | 2010 | 20464137 |
| a preliminary study of chemo- and cytokine responses in rabies vaccine recipients of intradermal and intramuscular regimens. | plasma from 10 patients who had received rabies vaccine either intradermally (id) or intramuscularly (im) was examined for 20 chemo- and cytokines. plasma samples were withdrawn on days 0, 3 and 7 after vaccination. these chemo- and cytokines and sampling days were chosen based on data collected from a protein array analysis of 122 cytokines conducted on one recipient of vaccine administered im and one recipient of vaccine administered id. although eotaxin, interleukin (il)-5 in the id and il-1 ... | 2010 | 20470796 |
| terrestrial rabies and human postexposure prophylaxis, new york, usa. | during 1993-2002, cats accounted for 2.7% of rabid terrestrial animals in new york but for one third of human exposure incidents and treatments. nonbite exposures and animals of undetermined rabies status accounted for 54% and 56%, respectively, of persons receiving rabies treatments. | 2010 | 20202438 |
| production of glycoprotein-deleted rabies viruses for monosynaptic tracing and high-level gene expression in neurons. | recombinant rabies viruses rendered replication-deficient by the deletion of their envelope glycoprotein gene are useful tools for neuroscientists, permitting (1) extraordinarily high transgene expression levels within neurons, (2) retrograde infection of projection neurons through their axon terminals, (3) targeted infection of genetically specified neurons and (4) monosynaptic tracing of neuronal inputs. here we present a detailed protocol for the production of high-titer and high-purity viral ... | 2010 | 20203674 |
| management and outcomes after multiple corneal and solid organ transplantations from a donor infected with rabies virus. | this article describes multiple transmissions of rabies via transplanted solid organ from a single infected donor. the empirical milwaukee treatment regimen was used in the recipients. | 2010 | 20205588 |
| identification of protein interaction regions of vinc/neat1/men epsilon rna. | the virus inducible non-coding rna (vinc) was detected initially in the brain of mice infected with japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and rabies virus. vinc is also known as neat1 or men epsilon rna. it is localized in the nuclear paraspeckles of several murine as well as human cell lines and is essential for paraspeckle formation. we demonstrate that vinc interacts with the paraspeckle protein, p54nrb through three different protein interaction regions (pirs) one of which (pir-1) is localized n ... | 2010 | 20211624 |
| reconstruction and expression of the mri-contrast protein, ferritin, with recombinant rabies vectors. | attenuated recombinant rabies vector could be an ideal system for delivery of contrast agent gene for magnetic resonance imaging (mri) because of its neurotropic nature. in this study, the gene of a biomolecular contrast agent, ferritin, was successfully cloned into two rabies virus vectors, vaccine-based pctn and street strain-based pnh. recombinant virus granules were obtained and proved to express ferritin by rt-pcr after transfection of ctn-ferritin and nh-ferritin vector systems in bhk-21 c ... | 2010 | 20213528 |
| temporal and spatial dynamics of rabies viruses in china and southeast asia. | phylogenetic studies have revealed a profound understanding about the biodiversity of rabies viruses in china, but little is known about their evolutionary dynamics in the country. in the present study, the complete g gene sequences of 33 rabies virus isolates (rabvs) isolated from distinct chinese provinces were determined and phylogenetic analysis was conducted using these g sequences and 93 others retrieved from genbank representing china and southeast asia. further evolutionary history of ra ... | 2010 | 20214936 |
| evolutionary history of african mongoose rabies. | two biotypes or variants of rabies virus (rabv) occur in southern africa. these variants are respectively adapted to hosts belonging to the canidae family (the canid variant) and hosts belonging to the herpestidae family (the mongoose variant). due to the distinct host adaptation and differences in epidemiology and pathogenesis, it has been hypothesized that the two variants were introduced into africa at different times. the objective of this study was to investigate the molecular phylogeny of ... | 2010 | 20214938 |
| targeted delivery of sirna to macrophages for anti-inflammatory treatment. | inflammation mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and the associated neuronal apoptosis characterizes a number of neurologic disorders. macrophages and microglial cells are believed to be the major source of tnf-alpha in the central nervous system (cns). here, we show that suppression of tnf-alpha by targeted delivery of small interfering rna (sirna) to macrophage/microglial cells dramatically reduces lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in viv ... | 2010 | 20216529 |
| rabies-specific antibodies: measuring surrogates of protection against a fatal disease. | antibodies play a central role in prophylaxis against many infectious agents. while neutralization is a primary function of antibodies, the fc- and complement-dependent activities of these multifunctional proteins may also be critical in their ability to provide protection against most viruses. protection against viral pathogens in vivo is complex, and while virus neutralization--the ability of antibody to inactivate virus infectivity, often measured in vitro--is important, it is often only a pa ... | 2010 | 20231877 |
| ins and outs of cerebellar modules. | the modular concept of cerebellar connections has been advocated in the lifetime work of jan voogd. in this concept, a cerebellar module is defined as the conglomerate of one or multiple and non-adjacent, parasagittally arranged zones of purkinje cells, their specific projection to a well-defined region of the cerebellar nuclei, and the climbing fiber input to these zones by a well-defined region of the inferior olivary complex. the modular organization of these olivo-cortico-nuclear connections ... | 2010 | 20232190 |
| feline vaccination protocols: is a consensus emerging? | three international panels have been established over the past 11 years to provide veterinarians with guidelines on the use of feline vaccines. these are the american association of feline practitioners (aafp) feline vaccine advisory panel, the world small animal association vaccine guidelines group (wsava vgg) and the european advisory board on cat diseases (abcd). the major recommendations of these three panels are summarised to show areas of agreement and areas of discrepancy. while the recom ... | 2010 | 20235015 |
| rabies virus nucleoprotein functions to evade activation of the rig-i-mediated antiviral response. | the rabies virus ni-ce strain causes nonlethal infection in adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas the parental nishigahara (ni) strain kills mice. we previously reported that the chimeric ce(nin) strain with the n gene from the ni strain in the genetic background of the ni-ce strain kills adult mice, indicating that the n gene is related to the different pathogenicities of ni and ni-ce strains. in the present study, to obtain an insight into the mechanism by which the n gene determ ... | 2010 | 20130065 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an ama1 malaria vaccine in malian children: results of a phase 1 randomized controlled trial. | the objective was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the ama1-based malaria vaccine fmp2.1/as02(a) in children exposed to seasonal falciparum malaria. | 2010 | 20140214 |
| distribution of hypothalamic neurons with orexin (hypocretin) or melanin concentrating hormone (mch) immunoreactivity and multisynaptic connections with diaphragm motoneurons. | prior work showed that neurons in the lateral, dorsal, and perifornical regions of the tuberal and mammillary levels of the hypothalamus participate in the control of breathing. the same areas also contain large numbers of neurons that produce either orexins (hypocretins) or melanin concentrating hormone (mch). these peptides have been implicated in regulating energy balance and physiological changes that occur in transitions between sleep and wakefulness, amongst other functions. the goal of th ... | 2010 | 20144885 |
| a disynaptic relay from superior colliculus to dorsal stream visual cortex in macaque monkey. | the superior colliculus (sc) is the first station in a subcortical relay of retinal information to extrastriate visual cortex. ascending sc projections pass through pulvinar and lgn on their way to cortex, but it is not clear how many synapses are required to complete these circuits or which cortical areas are involved. to examine this relay directly, we injected transynaptic rabies virus into several extrastriate visual areas. we observed disynaptically labeled cells in superficial, retino-reci ... | 2010 | 20152132 |
| [epidemiologic monitoring of human rabies in an endemic canine rabies area in the ivory coast]. | the objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic monitoring of human rabies in the rabies medical center of abidjan. | 2010 | 20167447 |
| [efficacy of intradermal regimen using japanese rabies vaccine for pre-exposure prophylaxis]. | in japan, only one vaccine is commercially available for rabies (chemo-sero-therapeutic institute (kaketsuken), kumamoto, japan). it is a tissue-cultured inactivated vaccine made using purified chick embryo cells (pcec-k) and administered subcutaneously using a schedule differing from that recommended by the world health organization (who). the current regimen of pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies in japan consists of three subcutaneous administrations of pcec-k vaccine at 0, 28, and 180 days, ... | 2010 | 20170007 |
| recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein synthesis in bioreactor by transfected drosophila melanogaster s2 cells carrying a constitutive or an inducible promoter. | s2 cell populations (s2acrvgp2k and s2mtrvgp-hy) were selected after transfection of gene expression vectors carrying the cdna encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein (rvgp) gene under the control of the constitutive (actin) or inductive (metallothionein) promoters. these cell populations were cultivated in a 1l bioreactor mimicking a large scale bioprocess. cell cultures were carried out at 90 rpm and monitored/controlled for temperature (28 degrees c) and dissolved oxygen (10 or 50% air saturat ... | 2010 | 20176061 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in romania provides evidence for a high degree of heterogeneity and virus diversity. | rabies has been present in romania since antiquity and remains a continual threat to veterinary and public health. the current epizootic of rabies in romania is fox mediated. however, little is known about the genetic diversity among rabies virus isolates from this part of the balkan region. in this study, we analyzed a cohort of 64 rabies viruses isolated from infected animals in romania collected between 2005 and 2008. partial nucleoprotein sequence data (322 bp) were obtained and compared to ... | 2010 | 20178821 |
| role of oxidative stress in rabies virus infection of adult mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. | rabies virus infection of dorsal root ganglia (drg) was studied in vitro with cultured adult mouse drg neurons. recent in vivo studies of transgenic mice that express the yellow fluorescent protein indicate that neuronal process degeneration, involving both dendrites and axons, occurs in mice infected with the challenge virus standard (cvs) strain of rabies virus by footpad inoculation. because of the similarities of the morphological changes in experimental rabies and in diabetic neuropathy and ... | 2010 | 20181692 |
| presumptive abortive human rabies - texas, 2009. | rabies is a serious zoonotic disease. recovery has been well documented in only six human patients worldwide. five of those patients had received rabies vaccinations before illness; one had not received rabies vaccination but survived infection after prolonged intensive care. in most of these survivors, moderate to profound neurologic sequelae occurred. in all six survivors, rabies was diagnosed based on exposure history, compatible clinical symptoms, and detection of rabies virus-neutralizing a ... | 2010 | 20186117 |
| mapping of neural pathways that influence diaphragm activity and project to the lumbar spinal cord in cats. | during breathing, the diaphragm and abdominal muscles contract out of phase. however, during other behaviors (including vomiting, postural adjustments, and locomotion) simultaneous contractions are required of the diaphragm and other muscle groups including abdominal muscles. recent studies in cats using transneuronal tracing techniques showed that in addition to neurons in the respiratory groups, cells in the inferior and lateral vestibular nuclei (vn) and medial pontomedullary reticular format ... | 2010 | 20186399 |
| human rabies due to lyssavirus infection of bat origin. | rabies is a fatal viral encephalitis and results from infection with viruses belonging to the genus lyssavirus. infection usually results from a bite from a dog infected with classical rabies virus. however, a small number of cases result from contact with bats. it is within bats that most lyssavirus variants, referred to as genotypes, are found. the lyssaviruses found in bats have a distinct geographical distribution and are often restricted to specific bat species. most have been associated wi ... | 2010 | 20188498 |
| [analysis of multisynaptic neuronal pathways by using rabies virus]. | transneuronal transport of neurotropic viruses is a useful tool for morphological analysis of the organization of multisynaptic neuronal pathways. rabies virus is known to label neurons transsynaptically in a retrograde direction. here, we examined the input systems of the primary motor cortex with respect to the somatotopic arrangement. rabies virus was injected into the hindlimb, proximal forelimb, distal forelimb, and orofacial regions of the primary motor cortex in macaques, and the distribu ... | 2010 | 20297727 |
| use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. | this report summarizes new recommendation and updates previous recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) for postexposure prophylaxis (pep) to prevent human rabies (cdc. human rabies prevention---united states, 2008: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. mmwr 2008;57[no. rr-3]). previously, acip recommended a 5-dose rabies vaccination regimen with human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) or purified chick embryo cell vaccine (pcecv). these ... | 2010 | 20300058 |
| [sequencing and analyses on glycoprotein gene of rabies viruses isolated in zhejiang province, china.]. | based on sequencing the genomes of glycoprotein (gp) gene of rabies viruses isolated in zhejiang, we analyzed the properties of rabies viruses genetic variation in molecular level, and to compare with those of other representative vaccine strains and street virus strains, get the information about rabies viruses variation. | 2010 | 20302704 |
| [sequencing and analysis of complete genome of rabies viruses isolated from chinese ferret-badger and dog in zhejiang province]. | based on sequencing the full-length genomes of four chinese ferret-badger and dog, we analyze the properties of rabies viruses genetic variation in molecular level, get the information about rabies viruses prevalence and variation in zhejiang, and enrich the genome database of rabies viruses street strains isolated from china. rabies viruses in suckling mice were isolated, overlapped fragments were amplified by rt-pcr and full-length genomes were assembled to analyze the nucleotide and deduced p ... | 2010 | 20329558 |
| lesions of the central nervous system induced by intracerebral inoculation of balb/c mice with rabies virus (cvs-11). | balb/c mice were inoculated intracerebrally with fixed rabies virus (cvs-11) and pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system were studied. infected mice showed ruffled hair, hunchback, anorexia, emaciation and ataxia at 5 days postinoculation (dpi), but paralysis did not occur. viral antigens were first detected in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 3 dpi, and these cells exhibited apoptosis at 5 dpi. microglial cells and astroglial cells significantly inc ... | 2010 | 20339258 |
| the immune response to rabies virus infection and vaccination. | infection with rabies virus causes encephalitis in humans that has a case fatality rate of almost 100%. this inability to resolve infection is surprising since both pre-exposure vaccination and, if given promptly, post-exposure vaccination is highly effective at preventing encephalitic disease. the principal immunological correlate of protection produced by vaccination is neutralizing antibody. t-helper cells contribute to the development of immunity whereas cytotoxic t cells do not appear to pl ... | 2010 | 20368119 |
| re-emergence of dog rabies in mpumalanga province, south africa. | dog rabies has commonly been associated with the eastern and southern border areas in mpumalanga province, and the nkomazi district in the east has been most affected. in other parts of the province, canid rabies has been under control for many years; however, in 2008, dog rabies spread to other parts of the province and resulted in a widespread outbreak. the objective of this study was to genetically characterize rabies viruses in an attempt to determine the source of this recent outbreak. fift ... | 2010 | 20370435 |
| amino acid substitutions at positions 242, 255 and 268 in rabies virus glycoprotein affect spread of viral infection. | rabies virus nishigahara strain kills adult mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas the derivative rc-hl strain does not. it has previously been reported by us that the r(g 242/255/268) strain, in which amino acids at positions 242, 255 and 268 on the g protein have been replaced by those from the nishigahara strain in the genetic background of the rc-hl strain, kills adult mice. this indicates that these three amino acids of g protein are important for pathogenicity of the nishigahara str ... | 2010 | 20377742 |
| human rabies - kentucky/indiana, 2009. | on october 19, 2009, clinicians from kentucky contacted cdc regarding a suspected case of rabies in a man from indiana aged 43 years. this report summarizes the patient's clinical presentation and course, the subsequent epidemiologic investigation, and, for the first time, provides infection control recommendations for personnel performing autopsies on decedents with confirmed or suspected rabies infection. before the patient's death on october 20, a diagnosis of rabies was suspected based on th ... | 2010 | 20379132 |
| engineering, expression, and immuno-characterization of recombinant protein comprising multi-neutralization sites of rabies virus glycoprotein. | the rabies virus (rv) glycoprotein (g protein) induces neutralizing antibodies, which are important in protection against rabies. in the present study, three gene fragments that encode polypeptides (corresponding to amino acid residues 19-60, 181-219, and 300-458) comprising the linear neutralization sites of the g protein were spliced together in tandem by pcr-based site-directed mutagenesis and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli (de3). the recombinant protein (designated rrvg) was pu ... | 2010 | 19755161 |
| rabies glycoprotein fused with b subunit of cholera toxin expressed in tobacco plants folds into biologically active pentameric protein. | the pentameric b subunit of cholera toxin (ctxb) is an efficient mucosal adjuvant for vaccines. we report the expression of a chimeric protein comprising the synthetic cholera toxin b subunit fused at its c-terminal with rabies surface glycoprotein (g protein) in tobacco plants. the approximately 80.3 kda fusion polypeptide expressed at 0.4% of the total soluble protein in leaves of the selected transgenic lines. the fusion protein formed a approximately 403 kda pentameric protein which was func ... | 2010 | 19818857 |
| molecular epidemiology of rabies virus isolates in uganda. | african field rabies virus isolates from domestic animals can be phylogenetically divided into three geographic lineages: africa 1a (north and west africa); africa 1b (east and south africa); africa 2 (west africa). partial nucleotide sequences of the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene (203-nt) were obtained from five dogs and three goats in uganda. the analyzed ugandan field rabies viruses were categorized into the africa 1a and africa 1b lineages. the present study thus demonstrates that two afri ... | 2010 | 19836426 |
| structure of the nucleoprotein binding domain of mokola virus phosphoprotein. | mokola virus (mokv) is a nonsegmented, negative-sense rna virus that belongs to the lyssavirus genus and rhabdoviridae family. mokv phosphoprotein p is an essential component of the replication and transcription complex and acts as a cofactor for the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. p recruits the viral polymerase to the nucleoprotein-bound viral rna (n-rna) via an interaction between its c-terminal domain and the n-rna complex. here we present a structure for this domain of mokv p, obtained ... | 2010 | 19906936 |
| a history estimate and evolutionary analysis of rabies virus variants in china. | to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of rabies virus (rabv) in china, we collected and sequenced 55 isolates sampled from 14 chinese provinces over the last 40 years and performed a coalescent-based analysis of the g gene. this revealed that the rabv currently circulating in china is composed of three main groups. bayesian coalescent analysis estimated the date of the most recent common ancestor for the current rabv chinese strains to be 1412 (with a 95 % confidence interval of 1006-1736). t ... | 2010 | 19889927 |
| comparison between rt-pcr and the mouse inoculation test for detection of rabies virus in samples kept for long periods under different conditions. | antigenic and genetic analyses are important tools for retrospective studies of rabies epidemiology in specific geographical areas. virus recovery and re-isolation from archival samples conserved for long periods at freezing temperature are essential for these studies. prolonged preservation, associated with temperature variations, causes significant loss of virus viability. however, molecular tools, such as rt-pcr, can overcome this problem. for this purpose, 95 positive samples stored for 4-13 ... | 2010 | 19931312 |
| a novel composite immunotoxin that suppresses rabies virus production by the infected cells. | using strepavidin as a scaffold, we have assembled a composite immunotoxin that consists of recombinant pseudomonas exotoxin a subunit (pe38) and recombinant 25-d1.16 fab fragment which recognizes the siinfekl (pov8) peptide from ovalbumin in association with h-2k(b) mhc class i protein. the composite immunotoxin exercises cytotoxicity against h-2k(b+) cells sensitized with pov8 peptide but not with irrelevant peptide. specific binding of the immunotoxin to h-2k(b+) cells infected with recombina ... | 2010 | 19932697 |
| rna induced polymerization of the borna disease virus nucleoprotein. | the borna disease virus (bdv) nucleoprotein (n) monomer resembles the nucleoprotein structures from rabies virus (rabv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). we show that bdv n assembles into ring- and string-like structures in the presence of 5' genomic bdv rna. rna induced polymerization is partly rna-specific since polymerization is inefficient in the presence of 3' genomic bdv rna or e. coli rna. mutagenesis of basic residues located in the cleft made up by the n- and c-terminal domains of n ... | 2010 | 19945724 |
| the cell biology of rabies virus: using stealth to reach the brain. | rabies virus, the prototypical neurotropic virus, causes one of the most lethal zoonotic diseases. according to official estimates, over 55,000 people die of the disease annually, but this is probably a severe underestimation. a combination of virulence factors enables the virus to enter neurons at peripheral sites and travel through the spinal cord to the brain of the infected host, where it often induces aggression that facilitates the transfer of the virus to a new host. this review summarize ... | 2010 | 19946287 |
| intergenotypic replacement of lyssavirus matrix proteins demonstrates the role of lyssavirus m proteins in intracellular virus accumulation. | lyssavirus assembly depends on the matrix protein (m). we compared lyssavirus m proteins from different genotypes for their ability to support assembly and egress of genotype 1 rabies virus (rabv). transcomplementation of m-deficient rabv with m from european bat lyssavirus (eblv) types 1 and 2 reduced the release of infectious virus. stable introduction of the heterogenotypic m proteins into rabv led to chimeric viruses with reduced virus release and intracellular accumulation of virus genomes. ... | 2010 | 19955305 |
| seroprevalences to viral pathogens in free-ranging and captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) on namibian farmland. | cheetah populations are diminishing rapidly in their natural habitat. one reason for their decline is thought to be a high susceptibility to (infectious) diseases because cheetahs in zoos suffer from high disease-induced mortality. data on the health status of free-ranging cheetahs are scarce, and little is known about their exposure and susceptibility to infectious diseases. we determined seroprevalences to nine key viruses (feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline parvovirus, feline co ... | 2010 | 19955325 |
| advances in viral transneuronal tracing. | powerful transneuronal tracing technologies exploit the ability of some neurotropic viruses to travel across neuronal pathways and to function as self-amplifying markers. two main classes of viral transneuronal tracers are available, derived from alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, pseudorabies) and rabies virus. depending on the virus type and strain, there are major differences with regard to host range, peripheral uptake, replication mechanisms, transport direction and specifici ... | 2010 | 20004688 |
| low genetic diversities of rabies virus populations within different hosts in brazil. | the low rates of nonsynonymous evolution observed in natural rabies virus (rabv) isolates are suggested to have arisen in association with the structural and functional constraints operating on the virus protein and the infection strategies employed by rabv within infected hosts to avoid strong selection by the immune response. in order to investigate the relationship between the genetic characteristics of rabv populations within hosts and the virus evolution, the present study examined the gene ... | 2010 | 20018256 |
| serologic response to rabies pre-exposure vaccination in persons with potential occupational exposure in singapore. | sixty-six animal workers received primary rabies vaccination with purified vero cell vaccine (pvrv, verorab). one year later, 26 (39%) demonstrated antibody titers below the recommended minimum of 0.5 iu/ml, and required a booster. all 15 of a separate group reporting primary vaccination with at least one booster had titers above 0.5 iu/ml 1 year later, demonstrating long-term boostable immunity. rabies antibody titers should be checked 1 year after primary rabies vaccination in persons at high ... | 2010 | 20018545 |
| retraction. "tracking the footprints of the rabies virus: are we any closer to decoding this elusive virus?" by mahadevan a, suja ms, madhusudana sn, et al. | 2010 | 20026705 | |
| characterization of a single-cycle rabies virus-based vaccine vector. | recombinant rabies virus (rv)-based vectors have demonstrated their efficacy in generating long-term, antigen-specific immune responses in murine and monkey models. however, replication-competent viral vectors pose significant safety concerns due to vector pathogenicity. rv pathogenicity is largely attributed to its glycoprotein (rv-g), which facilitates the attachment and entry of rv into host cells. we have developed a live, single-cycle rv by deletion of the g gene from an rv vaccine vector e ... | 2010 | 20053743 |
| effect of serial subculturing on the genetic composition and cytotoxic activity of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | continuous subculture has been observed to produce changes in the virulence of micro-organisms, e.g. rabies virus, poliovirus and mycobacterium bovis bcg. the latter has been used as a vaccine for tuberculosis for the last 100 years; however, in some instances its efficacy has been observed to be very low. in order to determine whether similar changes can be produced in mycobacterium tuberculosis, we selected four isolates, m. tuberculosis h37rv, a beijing strain (dr-689), and two more isolates ... | 2010 | 20056774 |
| pre-exposure immunization against rabies using japanese rabies vaccine following the who recommended schedule. | we examined the efficacy and safety of the japanese purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (pcec-k) when administered on days 0, 7, and 28, as recommended by the who. post-vaccination serum samples were obtained from 53 human subjects, and rabies antibody titers were determined by a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and neutralizing antibody (na) assay. by day 42 of the experiment, which was 2 weeks after the third dose, all subjects had developed na titers of 0.5 iu/ml ... | 2010 | 20063031 |
| functional analysis of rousettus aegyptiacus "signal transducer and activator of transcription 1" (stat1). | bats are now known as the source of several diseases in humans, but few studies regarding immune responses and factors associated with bats have so far been reported. in this study, we focused on stat1, one of the critical components in interferon (ifn)-signaling and antiviral activity, which is often targeted by viral proteins to reduce antiviral activity and increase viral replication. we found that rousettus aegyptiacus stat1 (bat stat1) is phosphorylatable and translocates to the nucleus whe ... | 2010 | 20067804 |
| development of a reverse genetics system for a human rabies virus vaccine strain employed in china. | the ctn rabies virus was isolated from a human in china in 1953 and subsequently attenuated by multiple passaging to a vaccine strain now approved by the who. in this study, we describe the development of a reverse genetics system for the ctn rabies virus strain. the recombinant full-length genomic cdna was flanked by a hammerhead ribozyme (hamrz) and the hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (hdvrz) while the non-coding g-l region was replaced with a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene. a set of help ... | 2010 | 20080136 |