Publications

chromosomal sites for marek's disease virus dna in two chicken lymphoblastoid cell lines mdcc-msb1 and mdcc-rp1.	in situ hybridization of viral dna fragments to metaphase chromosomes of two chicken t-lymphoblastoid cell lines (mdcc) demonstrated that marek's disease virus dna was located in the short arm of chromosome 2 of mdcc-msb1 and mdcc-rp1 cells and in the short arm of chromosome 4 of mdcc-msb1 cells. the mdv dna sequences in these chromosomes are not in the vicinity of oncogenes or integrated retroviruses that have been previously identified in chicken chromosomes.	1986	3012870
a comparison of the biological properties of type 2 plaque-producing agent derived from the cal-1 strain of marek's disease virus with other related viruses.	the serological and biological properties of the type 2 plaque-producing agent (ppa) derived from the cal-1 strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) were compared with those of reference strains of the three serotypes of mdv and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) groups; namely jm, hprs-24 strains of mdv and the fc-126 strain of hvt for serotype 1, 2, and 3, respectively. by agar gel precipitation (agp), indirect fluorescent antibody and virus neutralization tests, type 2 ppa was related but not identica ...	1986	3013131
[dynamics of passive humoral immunity transfer against marek's disease in the progeny of the grandparent breeding stock of broilers].	in the progeny of the grandparents of broiler type hybro, imported by the dutch firm euribrid, neonatal humoral immunity was studied during the whole laying period, i.e. in laying hens at the age of 26-52 weeks. precipitation test was used to examine 292 samples of sera from the parent chickens of sire stock ab and 299 samples of sera from the chickens of dam stock cd, for the presence of maternal antibodies to marek's disease virus. the number of positive samples decreased with the growing age ...	1986	3014704
[enhanced pathenogicity of chicken anemia agent (caa) in dual infections with marek's disease virus (mdv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) or reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev)].		1986	3014789
pathogenicity studies with plaque-purified preparations of marek's disease virus strain cvi-988.	the pathogenicity of marek's disease (md) strain cvi-988 vaccine, eight plaque-purified preparations originating from this strain, and the vaccine hvt fc126 (based on herpesvirus of turkeys) was determined by intramuscular administration of high virus doses to day-old specific-pathogen-free rhode island red (rir) chickens, which are extremely md-susceptible. paralysis and neuritis were observed in 88% of rir chickens inoculated with mdv cvi-988 at the cell-passage level of the commercial vaccine ...	1986	3015112
protective efficacy of marek's disease virus (mdv) cvi-988 cef65 clone c against challenge infection with three very virulent mdv strains.	comparative 50% protective dose (pd50) assays were performed using a plaque-purified preparation of marek's disease virus (mdv) strain cvi-988 at the 65th chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) passage level (mdv cvi-988 cef65 clone c) and three commercial md vaccines: herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) fc126, mdv cvi-988 cef35, and a bivalent vaccine composed of hvt fc126 and mdv sb-1. in addition, comparative pd50 assays were performed in groups of chickens with maternal antibody to each of the three vacci ...	1986	3015113
use of lectins to detect and differentiate subtypes of marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus glycoproteins in tissue culture.	biotinylated lectins in conjunction with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex were used for the first time to reveal glycoproteins in chicken and duck embryo fibroblasts infected with three prototype members of the avian herpesvirus group, marek's disease virus serotypes 1 and 2 and turkey herpesvirus. by using a panel of 10 lectins, a pattern of reactivity emerged which was both group- and type-specific. morphological details of the lectin-stained cells include cytoplasmic granulation, capping a ...	1986	3016013
detection of marek's disease virus antigens and dna in feathers from infected chickens.	two novel tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and dot-blot hybridization, were developed to detect and quantify the antigens and dna of marek's disease virus (mdv) in feather tips from infected chickens. in both methods, buffered extracts of the feathers served as the same test material. the elisa technique was compared to the conventional agar-gel precipitation (agp) test, using the same convalescent serum from a mdv-infected bird. of 86 feather samples tested, 34 were negative by ...	1986	3016019
molecular characterization of marek's disease herpesvirus b antigen.	the marek's disease herpesvirus (mdhv) b antigen (mdhv-b) was identified and molecularly characterized as a set of three glycoproteins of 100,000, 60,000, and 49,000 apparent molecular weight (gp100, gp60, and gp49, respectively) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) after immunoprecipitation from [35s]methionine-labeled infected cells by specific rabbit antiserum directed against mdhv-b (r alpha b), as previously determined by immunodiffusion. further identific ...	1986	3016305
isolation of very virulent pathotypes of marek's disease virus from vaccinated chickens in europe.	two very virulent strains of marek's disease virus were isolated from two separate farms in northern italy that had experienced outbreaks of marek's disease in vaccinated flocks. the isolates were similar to very virulent strains reported in the usa in terms of their enhanced pathogenicity, both for chickens vaccinated with the herpesvirus of turkeys, and for genetically resistant chickens. this first description of very virulent strains of marek's disease virus from outside the usa suggests tha ...	1986	3016970
[immunological aspects of marek's disease in poultry].		1986	3017267
precipitating antibody development in chicks experimentally infected with herpes virus of turkey and marek's disease virus.		1986	3018071
[the effect of short-term isolation of vaccinated chicks on the incidence of marek's disease].	in chickens immunized by normal and tenfold doses of marvak vaccine (100 and 1,000 pfu) we investigated protective effects against the natural contact infection of chickens that were exposed to the infection immediately after vaccination, or at the intervals of 48 and 72 hours, and 7 and 14 days. studying the elimination of marek's disease virus by feather follicles, the health condition of chickens, tumor frequency and mortality rate we demonstrated that neither of these doses could protect the ...	1986	3020763
an improved elisa method, using a streptavidin-biotin complex, for detecting marek's disease virus antigens in feather-tips of infected chickens.	to improve sensitivity in the detection of marek's disease virus (mdv) antigens in extracts of feather tips from infected chickens, we added a preformed streptavidin-biotin complex to the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). rabbit anti-chicken igg-alkaline phosphatase that is used in the standard elisa as the conjugate was replaced by a biotinylated rabbit anti-chicken igg plus the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex (abc) system. the abc-elisa system was correlated to the sta ...	1986	3025239
preparation of monoclonal antibodies against marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys.		1986	3029494
virus-induced atherosclerosis. herpesvirus infection alters aortic cholesterol metabolism and accumulation.	infection of normocholesterolemic, specific-pathogen-free chickens with marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) has been shown histologically to lead to chronic atherosclerosis like that in humans. the development of herpesvirus-induced atherosclerosis in vivo and the presence of specific marek's antigen within aortic cells suggested that mdv infection may modify lipid metabolism and lead to significant lipid accumulation. experiments reported herein were designed to determine the types and quantity o ...	1986	2934987
chicken embryonal vaccination with avian infectious bronchitis virus.	a commercial infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine of the massachusetts 41 strain was injected in embryonating chicken eggs on embryonation day (ed) 18. the ibv vaccine was pathogenic for embryos, and it was passaged in chicken kidney tissue culture to reduce the pathogenicity. at the 40th tissue culture passage (p40-ibv), the virus became apathogenic for the embryos. maternal antibody-positive or -negative chicks hatching from eggs injected with p40-ibv developed antibody to ibv and were pr ...	1986	3008613
synthesis, processing, and secretion of the marek's disease herpesvirus a antigen glycoprotein.	the 57,000- to 65,000-dalton (da) marek's disease herpesvirus a (mdhv-a) antigen glycoprotein (gp57-65) has a 47,000-da unglycosylated precursor polypeptide (pr47), as determined by immunological detection after cell-free translation of infected-cell mrna. cleavage of its signal peptide yielded a 44,000-da precursor polypeptide molecule (pr44), detected both in vivo after tunicamycin inhibition of glycosylation and in vitro after dog pancreas microsome processing of pr47. high-resolution pulse-c ...	1986	3003379
expression of the oncogene of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus in escherichia coli and identification of the transforming protein in reticuloendotheliosis virus t-transformed cells.	the genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus t (rev-t) includes a unique oncogene v-rel, which is transcribed in low amounts into a 3.0-kilobase subgenomic mrna in rev-t-transformed lymphoid cells. to identify the v-rel protein, rev-t dna sequences were cloned into bacterial plasmid vectors designed to achieve expression of foreign dna sequences in escherichia coli. portions of the v-rel gene were joined to the 5' segment of the trpe gene. upon induction of trpe with indoleacrylic acid, large amoun ...	1986	3003751
different localization of the product of the v-rel oncogene in chicken fibroblasts and spleen cells correlates with transformation by rev-t.	reticuloendotheliosis virus strain t (rev-t) is a highly oncogenic avian retrovirus that transforms early lymphoid cells in vivo and in vitro, but rev-t does not transform chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef). using antisera to p59v-rel, the v-rel oncogene product of rev-t, we show that p59v-rel is expressed at equal levels and is a phosphoprotein in rev-t infected spleen cells and cef. biochemical fractionation and immunofluorescence of rev-t infected nontransformed cef show that p59v-rel is loosel ...	1986	3004745
marek's disease--a model for herpesvirus oncology.	the article will review the salient features of pathogenesis of marek's disease in terms of sequential events which occur from the time of virus entry to the development of frank lymphomas. a hypothesis will be presented which will offer a credible explanation for this specific sequence of changes. then, various factors which influence the incidence of neoplasms will be identified and the possible mechanisms by which they are influential will be discussed. these include the variable oncogenic pr ...	1986	3007026
demonstration of a marek's disease virus-specific antigen in tumour lesions of chickens with marek's disease using monoclonal antibody against a virus phosphorylated protein.	by use of monoclonal antibody against a marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 1-specific phosphorylated protein, mdv antigen-positive cells were demonstrated in tumour lesions of various visceral organs of chickens with marek's disease. however, these tumour lesions did not appear to have the mdv glycoproteins ga and gb, which are considered to be late gene products of the virus genome ga and gb as well as the phosphorylated protein were detected in the feather follicle epithelium, which is a per ...	1986	18766550
comparison of intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of marek's disease vaccine.	four trials employing 50% protective dose (pd50) assays were performed to compare the efficacy of marek's disease vaccine after intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens. female chickens were employed in trials 1 and 2. in trials 3 and 4 the results were separately recorded for both sexes. cell-associated marek's disease virus serotype 1 vaccines derived from strain cvi-988 were used. intramuscular administration yielded pd50 estimates whic ...	1986	18766555
effect of cyclosporin a on normal, mitogen-stimulated and marek's disease virus-exposed and transformed chicken lymphoid cells.	studies have been made with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin a (csa) to examine its value in the establishment of lymphoid tumour cell lines from marek's disease (md) lymphomas and from lymphoid cell cultures exposed to md virus in vitro. csa was shown to depress the proliferative response of normal spleen cells to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin a and pokeweed mitogen, and to a lesser extent to lipopolysaccharide. short-term proliferative responses of lymphoma cells were either not affe ...	1985	18766902
pathogenesis of infection with attenuated marek's disease virus strains.	recently, attenuated marek's disease virus (mdv) became of renewed interest as a component in bi- or polyvalent vaccines. the effect of attenuation on the pathogenesis of infection was investigated. cloned preparations of the jm-16, bc-1a and rb-1b strains of mdv were attenuated by serial passage in chick kidney cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts. subclones were obtained from the jm-16 strain at passage (p) 26 (jm-16d) and 50 (jm-16a, b and c). the passage level at which each virus became atten ...	1985	18766904
marek's disease virus.		1985	3008524
embryo vaccination with infectious bursal disease virus alone or in combination with marek's disease vaccine.	studies with specific-pathogen-free chickens revealed that chicks hatching from eggs inoculated at the 18th day of embryonation with infectious bursal disease (ibd) vaccine viruses of low virulence (isolates tc-ibdv and bvm-ibdv) developed antibody against ibd virus (ibdv) and resisted challenge with virulent ibdv at 3 weeks of age or older. embryo vaccination did not adversely affect hatchability of chicks or survival of hatched chicks. chicks embryonally vaccinated with tc-ibdv had transient h ...	1985	3008698
partial protection against marek's disease in chickens immunized with glycoproteins gb purified from turkey-herpesvirus-infected cells by affinity chromatography coupled with monoclonal antibodies.	glycoproteins gb of marek's disease virus (mdv) and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) related to virus neutralization were purified from hvt-infected cells by affinity chromatography. immunization of chickens with purified glycoproteins gb resulted in partial protection against md. neutralizing antibodies were detected in chickens immunized with hvt-gb.	1985	3896223
variation in histology and growth characteristics of transplantable marek's disease lymphomas.	a comparative study was made of the histology and growth characteristics of three different marek's disease virus-induced transplantable lymphomas. these lymphomas were developed previously in related inbred chicken lines g-b1 and g-b2. the ug1 lymphoma was developed by serial i.m. passage in g-b1 chickens, and the ug2 and ug4 lymphomas were developed similarly in g-b2 chickens. while all three lymphomas grow progressively and cause rapid death in syngeneic hosts, differences in pathogenicity ex ...	1985	3978638
altered cholesteryl ester cycle is associated with lipid accumulation in herpesvirus-infected arterial smooth muscle cells.	we describe herein the effects of marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) on cholesterol and cholesteryl ester metabolism in cultured chicken arterial smooth muscle cells. infection of arterial smooth muscle cells from specific pathogen-free chickens with mdv, but not a virus control, herpesvirus of turkeys led to a 7-10-fold increase in the accumulation of free and esterified cholesterol and a 2-fold increase in phospholipids. the cellular lipid changes observed in the mdv-infected arterial smooth mu ...	1985	3997816
identification of marek's disease virus-specific antigens in marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines using monoclonal antibody against virus-specific phosphorylated polypeptides.	for identification of the antigens specific to marek's disease virus (mdv) in virus-non-producer lymphoblastoid cell lines established from a tumor of marek's disease (md), hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the antigens were isolated. immunogens for preparation of the hybridomas were purified from the lysate of an md-lymphoblastoid cell line, msb1, by affinity chromatography coupled with chicken anti-mdv serum immunoglobulin g. three of the mabs obtained, mb1, mb2 and mb3 ...	1985	2982746
map location of homologous regions between marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkey and the absence of detectable homology in the putative tumor-inducing gene.	the dna region having homology between marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkey was assigned to the restriction map of marek's disease virus by southern blot hybridization. under moderate conditions at the level of 15% mismatching, homology was found to be distributed throughout the marek's disease virus genome. the long inverted-repeat regions (trl and irl), which are considered to play a significant role in tumorigenicity, did not show any homology to herpesvirus of turkey dna.	1985	2983105
the structure of marek disease virus dna: the presence of unique expansion in nonpathogenic viral dna.	dna of marek disease virus (mdv) consists of two unique regions ul and us flanked by long inverted repeat regions trl and irl, and short inverted repeat regions trs and irs, respectively, similar to herpes simplex virus dna. comparison of restriction patterns between pathogenic and nonpathogenic mdv dna was made to identify a region of viral dna different between these two types of mdv, as it may be responsible for the tumorigenicity of mdv in chickens. the results indicated that bamhi-d and -h, ...	1985	2983314
effects of chemically or virus-induced immunodepression on response of chickens to avian leukosis virus.	the effects of chemically or virus-induced immunodepression on the infection profile (development of viremia and antibody) and shedding of avian leukosis virus (alv) were studied in progeny chickens of experimental or commercial breeder flocks. chickens were infected with alv subgroup a by contact at hatching and by oral inoculation at 4-5 weeks of age. in the first experiment, chickens were inoculated with a virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) at 1 day or 6 weeks of age. i ...	1985	2985037
gel electrophoretic analysis of polypeptides from nucleocapsids of marek's disease virus strains and herpesvirus of turkey.	the polypeptides of nucleocapsids of marek's disease virus (mdv) strains with different biological properties and of antigenically related herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) strains were analysed by one- and two-dimensional (1d and 2d, respectively) gel electrophoresis. based on small differences in migration behaviour (size and charge) of a number of corresponding nucleocapsid polypeptides, the virus strains could be differentiated into three groups. the polypeptide pattern of group i, comprising the ...	1985	2986577
differences in the processing of secreted glycoprotein a induced by marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys.	the steps from the precursor to the processed forms of a secreted glycoprotein (ga) of marek's disease virus (mdv) and of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates from the cell lysate and medium of infected cultures with monoclonal antibodies. differences between mdv- and hvt-ga were particularly observed in isoelectric points of the glycosylated or unglycosylated precursor forms.	1985	2987399
genomic expansion of marek's disease virus dna is associated with serial in vitro passage.	an ecori restriction endonuclease pattern of md11 virus dna, a very virulent strain of marek's disease virus (mdv), was obtained by using total cellular dna from infected cells. with the ecori restriction endonuclease pattern and a published bamhi map of mdv (fukuchi et al., j. virol. 51:102-109), we constructed a partial ecori map of a series of mdv clones (gift from h. j. kung). the clones were used to identify a region of the md11 genome which is altered as the oncogenic virus is passaged in ...	1985	2987523
on the specificity of the immunoglobulin g produced by chickens experimentally infected with marek's disease virus.	in chickens experimentally infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) an increased amount of immunoglobulin g is produced. using a technique of quantitative crossed immunoelectrophoresis it has been shown, that 70% of this immunoglobulin g is non-specific. only 18% could be absorbed with mdv strain cprl vii-infected chicken kidney cells, and only 5% with mdv-induced lymphoblastoid cells of the mdcc-msb1 cell line. it is hypothesized that the production the unspecific immunoglobulin g is caused by ...	1985	2993996
production of herpesvirus of turkeys in microcarrier culturing system--a new method for production of vaccine against marek's disease.	a microcarrier (mc) culturing system for production of a vaccine against marek's disease virus is presented. cytodex-3 beads (pharmacia) and de-53 microgranular (whatman) are the recommended microcarriers. primary cells from chick embryo as well as cells from a quail cell line (qt-6, established from a japanese quail) were found to be good hosts for growth of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). hvt, the vaccine strain against marek's disease, was successfully grown and harvested on the above mentioned ...	1985	2995176
[effect of the virus content per vaccination dose on the effectiveness of the immune prevention of marek's disease in general practice].		1985	3000310
marek's disease in japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica): a study of natural cases.	marek's disease was observed in quails. gross lesions were confined mostly to the spleen and liver. microscopic lesions were commonly seen in spleen, proventriculus, liver, and duodenum. skin, peripheral nerves, and other visceral organs were also involved. of 123 quails examined, 39 had serum antibodies against marek's disease. these antibodies were detected from 11 to 17 weeks of age; the highest incidence was recorded at 15 weeks. feather follicular antigen detected in 30 of the 95 quails was ...	1985	3000332
evaluation of dna homology of marek's disease virus, herpesvirus of turkeys and epstein-barr virus under varied stringent hybridization conditions.	marek's disease virus (mdv) showed only 0.3-0.6% homology in dna sequence with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) at tm-24.4 degrees c in spite of its antigenic similarity to the latter. southern blot hybridization under stringent conditions showed that the homology between mdv and hvt is located in the restricted portion of these viral genomes. at tm-49.6 degrees c, which permits the detection of homology with one base mismatch in three between the mdv and hvt dnas, sequences with weak homology were ...	1984	6086596
characterization of transplantable subline mdcc-msb1-clo. 18 derived from mdcc-msb1.		1984	6090745
effect of infectious bursal disease virus on protection against marek's disease by turkey herpesvirus vaccine.	chickens inoculated at hatch with pathogenic infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and the turkey herpesvirus (hvt) vaccine were poorly protected against challenge at 1 week with virulent marek's disease virus (mdv). however, if vaccination with hvt preceded ibdv inoculation such as by embryonal vaccination with hvt and exposure to ibdv at hatch, or by vaccination at hatch and ibdv exposure 5 days or longer postvaccination, then the vaccinal efficacy of hvt was not influenced. further, the inhi ...	1984	6091603
processing of glycoprotein gb related to neutralization of marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys.	the glycoprotein gb related to neutralization of marek's disease virus (mdv) and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) is composed of several glycosylated polypeptides, which were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies and rabbit antiserum cross-reactive to mdv-gb and hvt-gb, and analyzed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the present pulse-chase experiments showed that the precursor forms of mdv- and hvt-gb were glycoproteins with molecular weights of 110k to 115k (gp115/110) and 115k (gp ...	1984	6094991
studies on vaccination of chicks with hvt against marek's disease.		1984	6096443
cell-specific antiviral activity of 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (fiac) against marek's disease herpesvirus and turkey herpesvirus.	three new fluoroarabinosylpyrimidine nucleosides (fiac, fiau and fmau) were tested for in vitro activity against oncogenic and nononcogenic strains of marek's disease virus (mdv) and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). marek's disease is a herpesvirus-induced lymphoma in chickens. nononcogenic strains of mdv and hvt can protect against this disease. all viruses were inhibited by 1 microm of these drugs in chick kidney cell (ckc) cultures, but only fmau and fiau were active in chicken embryo fibroblast ...	1984	6097179
[postvaccination viremia in breeding flocks of layers and broilers after vaccination against marek's disease of fowl].	the immunity state after vaccination against marek's disease (md) was studied in three multiplier flocks of laying fowl (mfl), five multiplier flocks of broiler fowl (mfb), and one commercial layer flock (clf). the occurrence and average titres of post-vaccination viraemia in the selected sets of chickens from these flocks, examined at the age of three or twenty weeks, were used as the immunity criterion. the development of post-vaccination viraemia, following the administration of the marvak va ...	1984	6098065
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to marek's disease virus.	a reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using marek's disease virus (mdv)-infected cells for the detection of antibodies to mdv is described. the optimum number of mdv-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) was 5 x 10(4)/well, and test sera were positive at 1:400 dilutions. compared with a purified virus preparation, mdv-infected cef produced high specific and low nonspecific reactivities. wells coated with whole cells could be stored at 4 c or -20 c for at least 3 months wit ...	1984	6098254
antigen requirements and specificity of a microplate enzyme-lined immunosorbent assay (elisa) for marek's disease viral antibodies in chicken, mouse and rabbit sera.	a rapid indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against marek's disease virus in mouse, chicken and rabbit-sera has been established. optimal sensitivity was obtained by using 10 micrograms/ml of partially purified viral proteins. various experimental procedures performed to eliminate nonspecific reactions are described. best results were obtained by the introduction of np 40 at a concentration of 0.1% in sera. with mouse sera, the pretreatment of plaques with ...	1984	6099079
monoclonal antibody-mediated immunoprecipitation of proteins from cells infected with marek's disease virus or turkey herpesvirus.	the major immunogenic viral proteins of marek's disease virus (mdv) and turkey herpesvirus (hvt) share antigenic determinants. the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of five viral polypeptides immunoprecipitated with homologous convalescent chicken plasma was identical with the pattern obtained after immunoprecipitation with heterologous convalescent chicken plasma. a panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to identify mdv and hvt polypeptides. sixteen monoclonal antibodies were positive ...	1984	6205501
studies on the serological cross-reaction between marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys using monoclonal antibodies to major virus-specific polypeptides. brief report.	a major virus-specific polypeptide antigenically cross-reactive between marek's disease virus (mdv) and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) was characterized by two monoclonal antibodies against mdv. the antigenic determinant recognized by one monoclonal antibody was present only in the mdv polypeptide but not in the hvt polypeptide, whereas the antigenic determinant recognized by the other antibody was present in both mdv and hvt polypeptides. peptide mapping showed the difference in the amino acid se ...	1984	6206826
marek's disease in turkeys: the induction of lesions and the establishment of lymphoid cell lines.	the inoculation of turkeys with large doses of a virulent strain of marek's disease virus (ga strain), but not of two other virulent strains (hprs-16 and jm), was found to induce a disease resembling marek's disease of the chicken. the most prominent lesions were lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoid and reticular hyperplasia in the spleen and the liver. these developed after a prolonged latent period and the early histological changes (lymphoid cell destruction and reticuloendothelial cell hyperpl ...	1984	18766837
the expression of marek's disease tumour-associated surface antigen in various avian species.	marek's disease tumour-associated surface antigen (matsa) was detected on lymphoid cells from chickens infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) or the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt), from a chicken-quail hybrid infected with mdv, and from turkeys infected with the ga strain of mdv, but not on cells from turkeys infected with hvt or the hprs-16 strain of mdv or from mdv-infected japanese quails or bobwhite quails, despite the presence of lymphomas in some japanese quails. two complementary explana ...	1984	18766850
genetic relatedness of virulent and avirulent strains of marek's disease virus.	comparative studies using southern blot hybridization indicated that the avirulent strains of marek's disease virus (mdv) were probably generated through dna rearrangement that occurred in the limited area(s) of the virulent mdv genome.	1984	6320782
further characterization of marek's disease virus-infected lymphocytes. i. in vivo infection.	previous reports from this laboratory identified bursa-derived lymphocytes (b cells) and non-b cells as the predominant cell types respectively involved in the early cytolytic and subsequent latent infection of chickens with marek's disease virus (mdv). it was not known whether these differences were qualitative or quantitative or if the method for detection of latent infection (viral antigen production after 48 h of in vitro cultivation) was sensitive enough. to further define the cells involve ...	1984	6321364
further characterization of marek's disease virus-infected lymphocytes. ii. in vitro infection.	lymphocyte cultures from chicken spleens had been shown to be susceptible to in vitro infection by marek's disease virus (mdv)4 in an earlier report from this laboratory. in that study, virus infection was evidenced by virus isolation and detection of viral internal antigen (via) 2 days post inoculation (dpi), and serial passage was accomplished by adding fresh spleen cells at 2-day intervals. the susceptible cells were identified as bursa-derived lymphocytes (b cells). using a dual fluorescence ...	1984	6321365
the use of reference preparations in virus content testing of vaccines.	a series of virus content tests on newcastle disease, avian infectious bronchitis and marek's disease vaccines was carried out over a period of several years on commercial products together with a standard preparation of each virus. analysis of the results of marek's disease vaccine titrations revealed a good correlation between plaque count and the ratio obtained for the standard vaccine tested in parallel. expression in relation to a reference preparation is therefore of value to vaccine manuf ...	1984	6321508
identification with monoclonal antibodies of glycoproteins of marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys related to virus neutralization.	by use of monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys, three glycoproteins (for marek's disease virus, gp115/110, gp63, and gp50; for herpesvirus of turkeys, gp115, gp62 and gp52) related to virus neutralization were identified. immunization of chickens or rabbits with these glycoproteins purified by affinity chromatography resulted in production of neutralizing antibodies.	1984	6321752
[protecting chickens against marek's disease under laboratory conditions by the administration of marvak, a czechoslovak produced vaccine and vaccine imported from east germany].	laboratory trials were conducted to compare the efficiency of two vaccines against marek's disease (md) on the basis of the dynamics of post-vaccination viraemia and by means of a challenge test. two groups of the hx-sl hybrid layers, each containing 40 birds, were vaccinated with the marvak cellular vaccine manufactured in czechoslovakia (100 pfu per chick) or with the insel riems vaccine manufactured in the gdr (1000 pfu per chick). in weekly intervals, half the birds of each group were tested ...	1984	6326372
aus in the prevention of marek's disease.	aminoureidosulfone (aus) was used as a feed additive to prevent mortality in marek's disease (md)-infected chickens in the laboratory. chicks infected with md virus (5000 plaque-forming units) at 1 day of age were given aus in the feed from 1 day of age until the experiment was terminated. aus, at all concentrations tested, reduced mortality due to marek's disease. chickens receiving aus at the 0.002% level had a 4% mortality rate, those receiving 0.005% had 9% mortality, and those receiving 0.0 ...	1984	6326736
immunization against marek's disease transplantable cell lines.	continuous passage of mdcc-rp1, a highly tumorigenic marek's disease (md) lymphoblastoid cell line, in cell culture resulted in a gradual loss in ability of the cell line to cause progressive tumors in susceptible day-old chicks. inoculation of day-old chicks with high-cell-culture-passaged (187th to 417th) nontumorigenic mdcc-rp1 cells gave excellent protection against challenge at 8 days with low-passaged tumorigenic mdcc-rp1 cells but failed to protect against primary tumors caused by inocula ...	1984	6326737
field trials to test the efficacy of polyvalent marek's disease vaccines in broilers.	the efficacies of trivalent (md11/75c + sb-1 + hvt), bivalent (sb-1 + hvt), and turkey herpesvirus (hvt) vaccines against marek's disease (md) were compared in commercial broiler flocks in four trials involving 11 farm locations and 486,300 chickens. in all four trials, chickens receiving polyvalent vaccines had lower leukosis (md) condemnation rates than chickens vaccinated with hvt alone; when data were summarized for each vaccine type in each trial, condemnation rates for the bivalent- or tri ...	1984	6326743
structure of marek's disease virus dna: detailed restriction enzyme map.	purified virion dna (120 x 10(6) molecular weight [mw]) of marek's disease virus strain ga was cleaved with bamhi restriction endonuclease, and 27 out of the 29 fragments were cloned into bacterial plasmids. restriction maps for bamhi, bgli, and smai endonucleases were constructed. the genomic structure of marek's disease virus dna was found to be similar to that of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. a long unique region (75 x 10(6) mw, located at 10 x 10(6) to 85 x 10(6) mw [10-85] from the le ...	1984	6328029
extensive homology exists between marek disease herpesvirus and its vaccine virus, herpesvirus of turkeys.	marek disease is a lymphomatous disease of chickens caused by infection of a herpesvirus, marek disease virus (mdv). marek disease is the only neoplastic disease for which a successful vaccine has been developed. the vaccine virus, herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt), is non-oncogenic in chickens. despite the strong antigenic relationship between these viruses, previous studies showed that the two viral dnas share little or no homology. using less stringent hybridization conditions and methods that gre ...	1984	6328512
prediction of the occurrence of marek's disease in chickens on the basis of the quantitation of cell-mediated immunity.	cell mediated immunity was assayed in chickens on the basis of the dinitrochlorobenzene skin test, t lymphocyte numbers in peripheral blood and the graft-versus-host reaction. it was found that chickens that were to develop clinical marek's disease following exposure to marek's disease virus had significantly lower prechallenge levels of cell mediated immunity than those that were resistant to marek's disease. the graft-versus-host reaction had a smaller coefficient of variation than the other t ...	1984	6609388
marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis: clinical and electrophysiologic findings in susceptible and resistant lines of chickens.	results of neurologic examination, eeg, and motor nerve conduction velocity quantitation were analyzed in a line of chickens susceptible to marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis and compared with findings in a resistant line. both lines were evaluated on the day before virus inoculation (day 1; base line) and on days 12 and 19. the susceptible birds frequently became depressed and paretic on day 11 or 12 and then recovered, and the resistant line rarely was affected clinically. the e ...	1983	6625305
two sublines of a lymphoblastoid cell line associated with marek's disease virus.	from mdcc-msb1, the original marek's disease virus-associated lymphoblastoid cell line, two sublines named mdcc-msb1-33c and mdcc-msb1-41c were differentiated. the mdcc-msb1-33c cell line grew well at 33 degrees, but grew poorly and finally stopped growing at 41 degrees. on the other hand, the mdcc-msb1-41c cell line grew actively at 41 degrees, but at 33 degrees, continuous cultivation was difficult to achieve. mdcc-msb1-33c grew suspended in the liquid medium, as did the original producer mdcc ...	1983	6628902
[resistance of different breeds of laying poultry to marek's disease virus].	investigated were a total of 447 two-day-old chicks of lines 5-a, ia-73' ll and ls of the leghorn breed divided into 2 groups: controls--99 males and females, and test ones--348 infected at the age of 2 days via intraabdominal injection with 0.4 cm3 heparinized blood each, containing 5000 pfu per dose of the marek's disease virus (ct-1 isolate). both linear and sexual variations were found in the resistance of the birds. most resistant proved to be the 5-a chicks of both sexes, and most suscepti ...	1983	6659344
the occurrence of chicken foetal antigen after infection with marek's disease virus in three strains of chicken.	an indirect immunofluorescence procedure employing specific antiserum was used to demonstrate chicken foetal antigen (cfa), a membrane antigen typically present on embryonic cells. the expression of cfa by lymphocytes from the peripheral blood, spleen, thymus and bursa was found to decline rapidly after hatching; the bursa, however, contained about 30% cfa-positive cells until at least 120 days of age. after infection of a genetically susceptible strain of chickens (hprs rhode island red) with m ...	1983	6835849
herpesvirus-induced atherosclerosis in chickens.	repeated experiments have established that infection with marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) leads to atherosclerosis in specific pathogen free (spf) normocholesterolemic chickens. neither normocholesterolemic nor hypercholesterolemic uninfected spf chickens develop this disease. the mdv-induced arterial disease is remarkably similar to chronic human atherosclerosis. cholesterol and saturated cholesteryl esters accumulated in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells (smc) infected with mdv. similar ...	1983	6840298
[vaccinating properties of the kekava 55 strain of attenuated marek's disease virus].	two attenuated strains of oncogenic herpes virus, marek's disease virus, were obtained: one by cultivation in chick fibroblast cultures at 37 degrees c, the other at 41 degrees c, i. e. at chicken body temperature. both attenuated strains throughout a large number of passages retain high vaccination efficacy, on the average 76% and 77.3%, respectively. the virus attenuated at 41 degrees c is superior to that attenuated at 37 degrees c in higher reproduction rate in vitro and, possibly, in a grea ...	1983	6322454
[early mortality syndrome in chickens following double infection with marek's disease virus and chicken anemia agent].		1983	6322482
in vivo and in vitro infections of chicken lymphocytes with marek's disease virus or herpesvirus of turkeys.		1983	6323800
a monoclonal antibody reactive with marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen.	an antibody-secreting hybridoma, rph-6, to marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (matsa) was produced by somatic-cell hybridization between the mouse myeloma sp2/o-ag/14 and spleen cells from msb1 immunized mice. the antibody reacted with 95 to 100% of the cells from eight of 10 chicken md cell lines and one of two turkey md cell lines. it did not react with chicken md cell lines rp1 and sk3, turkey md cell line rp19, lymphoid leukosis (ll) cell lines, rp9 and rp12, and reticuloendoth ...	1983	6294177
[genetic polymorphism of alkaline phosphatase and the resistance to marek's disease virus].	experiments were carried out with a total of 222 birds of the 5-a, 6-e, ya-73, ll, and ls lines of the white leghorn breed to find whether or not there existed any correlation between the alkaline phosphatase allels and the resistance to marek's disease. the polymorphism of alkaline phosphatase was evaluated in the blood plasma of birds through horizontal electrophoresis in starch gel after g a hn e [3]. the resistance of the five egg laying lines of birds was found to be associated with the akp ...	1983	6581645
presence of adherent cytotoxic cells and non-adherent natural killer cells in progressive and regressive marek's disease tumors.	marek's disease virus-induced progressive tumors and marek's disease transplantable local regressive tumors were dispersed by treatment with collagenase and cells were examined in vitro for cytotoxic effector functions against target cells of tumor lines. both types of tumors had adherent and non-adherent cytotoxic cells. the cytotoxicity of adherent cells was detected in an 18-hour but not in a 4-hour 51cr-release assay. the adherent effector cells from progressive tumors were inactivated by pr ...	1983	6606892
lymphoreticular tumour in pen-raised pheasants associated with a reticuloendotheliosis like virus infection.	an outbreak of a lymphoproliferative disease in pheasants is described. nodular or diffuse tumours were found on the head and in various internal organs. the lesions consisted of undifferentiated lymphoreticular cells. a typical c-type virus, similar to reticuloendotheliosis virus was isolated in tissue culture. however, this virus particle could not be seen in the tumours. the isolate is antigenically related to the reticuloendotheliosis group of viruses. typical reticuloendotheliosis was induc ...	1983	18766763
growth inhibition of marek's disease t-lymphoblastoid cell lines by chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages activated in vitro.	studies have been performed on the induction of cytostatic activity of cultured chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages. cultured macrophages were exposed to supernatants of cona-stimulated spleen cell cultures (lymphokines), lipopolysaccharide (lps), cona or infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). cytostatic activity of macrophages was examined by testing their growth-inhibiting effect on t-lymphoblastoid marek's disease cell lines rp-1, hp-2 and msb-1 as target cells. lymphokines, lps and ibdv ...	1983	18766775
effects of avian viruses on cultured chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages.	cultured chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages have been assayed for their susceptibility to infection with various avian viruses. three criteria of infection were employed: (1) virus-induced alterations in cell morphology ; (2) presence of intracellular viral antigens detectable by immunofluorescence; (3) kinetics of virus release by infected macrophages. macrophages proved to be resistant to marek's disease virus (mdv), herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt-fc126), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) an ...	1983	18766776
suppression of humoral immunity in chickens prevents transient paralysis caused by a herpesvirus.	marek's disease virus (mdv)3 is a highly oncogenic herpesvirus that usually causes visceral lymphomas and lymphoid infiltration of the peripheral nerves in chickens. a relatively rare encephalitic condition, first found in farm flocks and referred to as transient paralysis (tp), is also caused by mdv(1). tp symptoms occur 9 to 11 days after mdv inoculation and range from mild ataxia to profound coma. most birds recover by 24 to 72 hr after onset of symptoms, although severely affected birds may ...	1983	6300237
marek's disease herpesviruses. iv. molecular characterization of marek's disease herpesvirus a antigen.	marek's disease herpesvirus a antigen (mdhv-a) was identified as a 61,000- to 65,000-dalton glycoprotein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation from the culture medium of both [35s]methionine- and [14c]glucosamine-labeled infected cells by specific rabbit serum directed against mdhv-a. rigorous identification was accomplished by selective blocking of this specific immunoprecipitation of the glycoprotein with purified mdhv-a that was isolated at its ...	1983	6300460
characterization of marek's disease virus-infected lymphocytes: discrimination between cytolytically and latently infected cells.	leukocyte suspensions derived from genetically marek's disease (md)-resistant n-line and md-susceptible p-line chickens were fractionated at various times after exposure to the jm-10 clone of md virus. at 3 and 5 days post exposure (dpe), during the productive-restrictive (cytolytic) phase, most infected spleen and thymus leukocytes were found to be low-density, nylon wool-adherent cells that possessed fc receptors and surface ia and igm and were depleted by carbonyl iron treatment. this was tru ...	1983	6300499
failure of herpesvirus saimiri to enhance atherogenesis in owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus).	a retrospective study was performed to evaluate the potential of a mammalian oncogenic virus, herpesvirus saimiri, to cause atherosclerosis in owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus). this was undertaken since an avian oncogenic herpesvirus, marek's disease virus, does so in chickens. data from earlier studies were reviewed and 3 groups of animals were selected. these included 23 animals infected with herpesvirus that died an average of 156 days later with malignant lymphoma; 11 infected an average of 2 ...	1983	6301514
embryo vaccination against marek's disease with serotypes 1, 2 and 3 vaccines administered singly or in combination.	marek's disease virus (mdv) vaccines of serotypes 1 and 2 administered in 18-day-old embryonated eggs induced better protection against post-hatch challenge at 3 days with virulent mdv than vaccines given at hatch. embryonal vaccination with a polyvalent vaccine containing equal quantities of serotypes 1 and 2 of mdv and serotype 3 virus (turkey herpesvirus, hvt) was also significantly more effective than post-hatch vaccination. these and earlier results indicate that protective efficacy of sing ...	1983	6307248
studies on the role of macrophages in marek's disease of the chicken.	macrophage activity in relation to marek's disease was investigated by determining phagocytic indices in vivo and by examining virus plaque-inhibiting activity of peritoneal macrophages in vitro. no correlation was observed between phagocytic index and resistance in different genetic strains of chickens. infection with marek's disease virus increased both phagocytic indices and the plaque-inhibiting activity of peritoneal macrophages, more so in susceptible than in resistant chickens. there was ...	1983	6312038
simultaneous vaccination of one-day-old broiler chickens with tenosynovitis virus and turkey herpesvirus.	an attenuated tenosynovitis virus vaccine and turkey herpesvirus (hvt) vaccine mixed prior to vaccination were injected subcutaneously into one-day-old chicks. in laboratory and field trials there did not appear to be any interference, because chickens vaccinated with both vaccines were effectively immunized against challenge with virulent marek's disease virus or tenosynovitis virus when compared with unvaccinated chickens or chickens vaccinated with either hvt or tenosynovitis virus. the combi ...	1983	6312445
viruses in the etiology of atherosclerosis.	to examine the possible role of viruses in the etiology of atherosclerosis, we searched for the presence of viral genomes in arterial tissues by in situ hybridization. because chickens infected with marek disease virus, a herpesvirus, develop atherosclerotic lesions after infection, we looked for the presence of herpesvirus or parts thereof in human artery wall tissue, particularly in individuals with evidence of atherosclerosis. herpesvirus probes were used on specimens of aortic wall removed f ...	1983	6312457
establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines from marek's disease primary tumors.	seven lymphoblastoid cell lines were developed from 15 marek's disease primary lymphomas treated to remove adherent cells (46.7% success rate) and 1 cell line was developed from 15 untreated lymphomas (6.7% success rate). these cell lines are designated as mdcc-rp22 through mdcc-rp29. tumor materials were from 151(5) x 7(1) chickens infected with either jm-111s clone or the ga-22 clone of marek's disease virus. factors contributing to the establishment of cell lines include, in addition to the r ...	1983	6314315
kinetics of phytohemagglutinin response in chickens infected with various strains of marek's disease virus.	phytohemagglutinin (pha) response of whole blood lymphocytes from white leghorn inbred line 7(2) chickens infected with various strains of marek's disease virus (mdv) was monitored sequentially for 6 weeks postinfection. a significant difference between jm and ga strains was shown. a two-phase depression in the pha response was observed in chickens infected with the jm strain. early depression occurred 1 week postinfection and was followed by recovery a week later. the second depression occurred ...	1983	6314973
field trials with a bivalent vaccine (hvt and sb-1) against marek's disease.	white leghorn chickens on five farms were given a bivalent marek's disease (md) vaccine consisting of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and sb-1 (a nononcogenic md virus); other chickens received only hvt. the farms had histories of "vaccination failures," presumably owing to an exceptionally virulent challenge md virus. the bivalent vaccine uniformly protected chickens better than hvt alone between 12 and 16-20 weeks of age, when serious md losses occurred. during that period, total mortality in groups ...	1983	6314982
prevalence of antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus serotypes i and ii in 75 ohio chicken flocks.	serum samples from 75 ohio layer flocks were tested for antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) serotypes i and ii using a virus-neutralization test. infectious bursal disease had been diagnosed in three of the 75 flocks. antibody titers to serotype i were detected in 77% of the flocks, and antibody titers to serotype ii were detected in 47% of the flocks. of the eight flocks known to have been vaccinated using a serotype i ibdv vaccine, all had antibody titers to serotype i, and fo ...	1983	6314983
marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis: a comparison of lesions in susceptible and resistant lines of chickens.	a study was conducted to determine the causative lesion of marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis. brain histologic lesions were quantitated and compared in genetically resistant and susceptible inbred chickens. comparisons were made 11 days post inoculation (pi) of virus when clinical signs were evident in susceptible birds and on day 17 pi when these signs had remitted. clinically-affected birds from the susceptible line on day 11 pi had consistent evidence of neuropil vacuolation c ...	1983	6316708
avian lymphoproliferative diseases and their virus associations.		1983	6316767
in vivo characteristics of a transplantable marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell line, mdcc-msb1-41c.	a marek's disease (md) lymphoblastoid cell line, mdcc-msb1-41c, was highly transplantable and lethal for chickens. autopsies showed extensive metastasis in various organs. the transplantabilities of the parent cell line, mdcc-msb1, and another derivative line, mdcc-msb1-33c, were transient. md virus (mdv) could be isolated from the kidneys but not from the peripheral blood leukocytes of chickens inoculated with the msb1-41c cell line. in addition, anti-mdv antibodies were produced both in chicke ...	1983	6316900
[morphological studies of lymphatic tissue of chick livers following infection with marek's disease virus and turkey herpes virus].		1983	6318683
restriction endonuclease analysis of marek's disease virus dna and homology between strains.	the restriction endonuclease patterns of viral dna obtained from serotypes 1 and 2 strains of marek's disease virus have been compared and homology between the strains examined by hybridization. the results have shown that hprs 16 (serotype 1) dna has a structure similar to its attenuated variant hprs 16/att except for a few fragments that are present only in the virulent strain. evidence was obtained which suggested that these restriction fragments contained repeat sequences and that insertion ...	1983	6319562
monoclonal antibodies with specificity for three different serotypes of marek's disease viruses in chickens.	a total of 50 antibody-secreting hybridoma cells against marek's disease virus (mdv) and turkey herpesvirus (hvt) have been produced. eleven hybridomas were used for serotyping a panel of 15 pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of mdv and hvt, representing three serotypes. the antibodies from the culture medium have fluorescence antibody (fa) titers of up to 100 and those from mouse ascitic fluid have titers ranging from 10(4) to 10(6). monoclonal antibody t81 is type-common, i.e., it reacts at ...	1983	6184394
specificity in the immunosuppression induced by avian reticuloendotheliosis virus.	several parameters of the cellular and humoral immune responses of chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev-t), an avian defective acute leukemia virus, or with its helper virus, reticuloendotheliosis-associated virus (rev-a), were evaluated. spleen cells from chickens infected with rev-t (rev-a) or rev-a exhibited depressed mixed lymphocyte and mitogen responses in vitro. allograft rejection was delayed by 6 to 14 days in birds infected with rev-a. the specific antitumor cell imm ...	1983	6187691
most virus-specific polypeptides in cells productively infected with marek's disease virus or herpesvirus of turkeys possess cross-reactive determinants.	most virus-specific polypeptides in cells productively infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) or herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) possess cross-reactive antigenic determinants, although the two viruses have very little dna homology. the cross-reactivity appeared to be more evident when [35s]methionine-labelled polypeptides were immunoprecipitated than when the [3h]glucosamine-labelled polypeptides were immunoprecipitated, suggesting that the glycoproteins of mdv and hvt may be less related in str ...	1983	6187896