Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| impact of endothelial cells and mechanical conditioning on smooth muscle cell extracellular matrix production and differentiation. | the aim of the current study was to explore the separate and coupled effects of endothelial cell (ec) presence and mechanical conditioning on smooth muscle cell (smc) responses by combining bilayered poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (pegda) hydrogels with a pulsatile flow bioreactor. each construct was composed of an outer pegda layer containing smc and an inner pegda layer, either with or without ec. after an initial 3 days of static culture, ec(+) and ec(-) constructs were each further divided ... | 2009 | 19108675 |
| heavy metal exposure in large game from a lead mining area: effects on oxidative stress and fatty acid composition in liver. | the pb mining area of the valley of alcudia and the sierra madrona mountains (s. spain) has been exploited intermittently for over 2100 years, since roman occupation and up until the late 1900s. red deer (n=168) and wild boar (n=58) liver and bone (metacarpus) were analyzed for pb, zn, cu, cd, as and se. lipid peroxidation, total and oxidized glutathione (gsh), superoxide dismutase (sod), gsh peroxidase (gpx) and fatty acid composition were studied in liver of red deer. the concentrations of pb ... | 2009 | 19117650 |
| testosterone, but not igf-1, lh, prolactin or cortisol, may serve as antler-stimulating hormone in red deer stags (cervus elaphus). | the role of androgens and insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) in antler growth has been disputed. we predicted that the secretory of igf-1 may be associated with an acceleration of body growth rather than with antler growth. furthermore we anticipated a relationship between the increase of testosterone and the progress of antler growth. if igf-1 is involved in the stimulation of antler growth, this should be more obvious in young than in mature stags. eight two-year-old red deer stags (cervus e ... | 2009 | 19124089 |
| effects of grass and browse consumption on the winter mass dynamics of elk. | much of the research into herbivore ecology and evolution has focused on patterns and mechanisms of niche partitioning in the diets of specialized grazers and browsers, but the significance of the balance of grazing and browsing within intermediate feeders present unique questions that have received less attention. we explored the nutritional effects of varying the balance of grass and browse in the winter diets of elk (cervus elaphus). we compiled published data from three similar studies that ... | 2009 | 18998170 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of scottish highland red deer (cervus elaphus) populations: a mitochondrial survey. | the largest population of red deer (cervus elaphus) in europe is found in scotland. however, human impacts through hunting and introduction of foreign deer stock have disturbed the population's genetics to an unknown extent. in this study, we analysed mitochondrial control region sequences of 625 individuals to assess signatures of human and natural historical influence on the genetic diversity and population structure of red deer in the scottish highlands. genetic diversity was high with 74 hap ... | 2009 | 19002206 |
| cryopreservation of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) spermatozoa obtained by electroejaculation. | we tested extenders and freezing protocols for iberian red deer semen. samples were obtained by electroejaculation (10 stags), and analyzed for motility (casa), viability (propidium ioide), acrosomal (pna-fitc) and mitochondrial status (jc-1). samples were diluted 1+1 in extender, cooled and adjusted for glycerol (extender with higher glycerol concentration), brought to 160 x 10(6)ml(-1) and frozen. four experiments were carried out, repeating sperm analysis after thawing to compare treatments. ... | 2009 | 18976805 |
| gsk3beta modulates pacap-induced neuritogenesis in pc12 cells by acting downstream of rap1 in a caveolae-dependent manner. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) is a neurotrophic peptide. here, we show that pacap recruits rap1 into caveolin-enriched membrane subdomains in pc12 cells and activates rap1, nuclear erk1/2, elk-1 and creb in a caveolae-dependent manner. we reveal that gsk3beta is a novel modulator in pacap signalling. pacap induces phosphorylation of serine 9 in gsk3beta, which is inhibited by silencing rap1. lithium and valproate promote but wortmannin and ly294002 attenuate pacap-in ... | 2009 | 18983912 |
| refrigerated storage of red deer epididymal spermatozoa in the epididymis, diluted and with vitamin c supplementation. | we have approached the problem of refrigerated storage of epididymal sperm samples from red deer by comparing three options: storing the genital (testicles within the scrotum), diluting the semen in extender or diluting the semen in extender supplemented with an anti-oxidant. twenty-nine pairs of testes were collected. spermatozoa from one of each of the pairs were immediately recovered, and diluted to 400 x 10(6) sperm/ml in tris-citrate-fructose with 20% egg yolk. control group was stored as s ... | 2009 | 18992076 |
| identification of sperm-head morphometric subpopulations in iberian red deer epididymal sperm samples. | computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis (casma) was used in this study to identify sperm morphometric subpopulations in iberian red deer epididymal sperm samples. epididymal sperm samples were collected from 37 mature stags and were divided. one portion was diluted in a tris-citrate-egg yolk medium. a microscope slide was prepared from single extended sperm samples prior to freezing. the remainder of each sample was frozen in nitrogen vapours using a conventional protocol. after thawing, sp ... | 2009 | 18992078 |
| effects of long-term chilled storage of red deer epididymides on dna integrity and motility of thawed spermatozoa. | we have carried out a study on the influence of prolonged cold storage (5 degrees c) of iberian red deer epididymides on post-thaw sperm motility and dna integrity. twenty-nine pairs of testes, with attached epididymides, were collected during november and december. spermatozoa from one of each of the pairs were immediately recovered, evaluated and frozen (control). the remaining epididymides were cooled to 5 degrees c and stored for 24, 96 and 192 h (experimental groups), after which spermatozo ... | 2009 | 18328648 |
| calcium influx into min6 insulinoma cells induces expression of egr-1 involving extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and the transcription factors elk-1 and creb. | glucose induces many changes in the transcriptional pattern of beta-cells derived from the endocrine pancreas. the zinc finger protein egr-1 belongs to the transcription factors that are activated in glucose-treated beta-cells. egr-1 expression is additionally induced by treatment of min6 pancreatic beta-cells with tolbutamide, a compound that triggers a closure of atp-dependent potassium channels, k(atp), in the plasma membrane or by kcl that depolarizes the cell membrane. stimulation with gluc ... | 2009 | 18783846 |
| comparison of the structure and mechanical properties of bovine femur bone and antler of the north american elk (cervus elaphus canadensis). | antler and limb bone have a similar microstructure and chemical composition. both are primarily composed of type i collagen and a mineral phase (carbonated apatite), arranged in osteons in compact (cortical bone) sections and a lamellar structure in the cancellous (spongy or trabecular bone) sections. the mineral content is lower in antler bone and it has a core of cancellous bone surrounded by compact bone running through the main beam and tines. the mineral content is higher in the compact com ... | 2009 | 18951859 |
| genetic variation in domestic and wild elk (cervus elaphus). | elk (cervus elaphus) have recently been established as domestic livestock derived from extant wild populations and may provide insights into changes in genetic variation during domestication. we compared genetic variation at 10 microsatellite dna loci and the mitochondrial dna d-loop in 2 herds of domestic elk in alaska and canada and wild elk from 8 locations in western north america and asia. average individual heterozygosity was 0.55 in domestic elk and 0.47 in wild elk, average number of all ... | 2009 | 18952721 |
| age-related body weight constraints on prenatal and milk provisioning in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) affect allocation of maternal resources. | maternal phenotypic characteristics can influence key life history variables of their offspring through maternal effects. in this study, we examined how body size constraints on maternal weight in yearling and subadult compared to adult hinds (age class effects) affected prenatal (calf birth weight, calf to hind weight ratio) and postnatal (milk) provisioning of iberian red deer calves. age correlated with all prenatal and postnatal investment traits except calf gains, although correlations were ... | 2009 | 18804854 |
| antemortem detection of prpcwd in preclinical, ranch-raised rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) by biopsy of the rectal mucosa. | antemortem biopsy of the rectal mucosa was evaluated as a method for the preclinical diagnosis of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in a herd of ranch-raised rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) quarantined because of exposure to cwd. biopsy samples were obtained from 41 elk during the winter of 2005-2006 and from 26 elk from that herd still alive and available for testing during the winter of 2006-2007. samples were examined for prp(cwd), the protein marker for cwd infection, by immunohistoc ... | 2009 | 19139496 |
| comparison of three immunological diagnostic tests for the detection of avian tuberculosis in naturally infected red deer (cervus elaphus). | cases of tuberculosis due to mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in 52 adult red deer (cervus elaphus) from a farm were studied using different diagnostic techniques. immunological probes consisted of the comparative cervical tuberculin (cct) skin test, the interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) assay, and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) employing either avian purified protein derivatives or protoplasmatic antigen (ppa-3) as antigens. three of the animals were euthanized due to severe weakness, ... | 2009 | 19139508 |
| 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-induced c-jun-nh2-kinase pathways diverge at the c-jun-nh2-kinase substrate level in cells with different p53 status. | 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (fdh) suppresses cancer cell proliferation through p53-dependent apoptosis but also induces strong cytotoxicity in p53-deficient prostate cells. in the present study, we have shown that fdh induces apoptosis in pc-3 prostate cells through simultaneous activation of the c-jun-nh(2)-kinase (jnk) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) pathways with jnk phosphorylating c-jun and erk1/2 phosphorylating elk-1. the jnk1/2 inhibitor sp600125 or erk1/2 inh ... | 2009 | 19147541 |
| dominant-negative inhibition of ets 1 suppresses tumor growth, invasion and migration in rat c6 glioma cells and reveals differentially expressed ets 1 target genes. | we previously reported that the inactivation of the ets 1 transcription factor by a specific decoy strategy reduces rat c6 glioma cell proliferation and mmp-9 expression. in the present study, we analysed the effects of the dominant-negative form of ets 1 (ets-db) on rat c6 glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, in vivo tumor growth on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (cam) and mmp-9 expression. in addition, we examined differences in gene expression between ets-db expressing and co ... | 2009 | 19148472 |
| soman poisoning alters p38 mapk pathway in rat cerebellar purkinje cells. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 mapk) and mapk-activated transcription factors elk-1, c-jun and c-myc in rat cerebellar purkinje cells after soman poisoning to investigate the pathogenetic mechanism of non-specific long-term adverse effects of nerve agents. male wistar rats were poisoned by intramuscular administration of soman at a dose 60 microg kg(-1) (80% ld(50)), while control animals were administered physiolog ... | 2009 | 19153978 |
| the proline-rich n-terminal sequence of calcineurin abeta determines substrate binding. | three different genes of catalytic subunit a of the ca(2+)-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase calcineurin (can) are encoded in the human genome forming heterodimers with regulatory subunit b. even though physiological roles of can have been investigated extensively, less is known about the specific functions of the different catalytic isoforms. in this study, all human can holoenzymes containing either the alpha, beta, or gamma isoform of the catalytic subunit (can alpha, beta, or ga ... | 2009 | 19154138 |
| opposite effects of interleukin-1alpha and transforming growth factor-beta2 induce stage-specific regulation of junctional adhesion molecule-b gene in sertoli cells. | in the mammalian testis, junctional adhesion molecule-b (jam-b) is found at the blood-testis barrier between sertoli cells and the apical ectoplasmic specializations between sertoli and germ cells. the expression of jam-b is tightly regulated to allow the transit of developing germ cells across the blood-testis barrier and the timely release of mature spermatids at stage viii. in this study, the basal transcription of jam-b in the mouse sertoli cell line, msc-1 cells, was examined. we found that ... | 2009 | 19164472 |
| cacybp/sip binds erk1/2 and affects transcriptional activity of elk-1. | in this work we showed for the first time that mouse cacybp/sip interacts with extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1/2). we also established that a calcium binding protein, s100a6, competes for this interaction. moreover, the e217k mutant of cacybp/sip does not bind significantly to erk1/2 although it retains the ability to interact with s100a6. molecular modeling shows that the e217k mutation in the 189-219 cacybp/sip fragment markedly changes its electrostatic potential, suggest ... | 2009 | 19166809 |
| signal transduction of constitutively active protein kinase c epsilon. | the protein kinase c (pkc) family is the most prominent target of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. for the pkcepsilon isozyme, different intracellular localizations and oncogenic potential in several but not all experimental systems have been reported. to obtain information about pkcepsilon-signaling, we investigated the effects of constitutively active rat pkcepsilon (pkcepsilona/e, alanine 159 is replaced by glutamic acid) in hela cells in a doxycycline-inducible vector. upon induction of pkcep ... | 2009 | 19168130 |
| mitochondrial localization, elk-1 transcriptional regulation and growth inhibitory functions of brca1, brca1a, and brca1b proteins. | brca1 is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in families with breast and ovarian cancer. several brca1 splice variants are found in different tissues, but their subcellular localization and functions are poorly understood at the moment. we previously described brca1 splice variant brca1a to induce apoptosis and function as a tumor suppressor of triple negative breast, ovarian and prostate cancers. in this study we have analyzed the function of brca1 isoforms (brca1a and brca1b) and compared ... | 2009 | 19170108 |
| body size and predatory performance in wolves: is bigger better? | 1. large body size hinders locomotor performance in ways that may lead to trade-offs in predator foraging ability that limit the net predatory benefit of larger size. for example, size-related improvements in handling prey may come at the expense of pursuing prey and thus negate any enhancement in overall predatory performance due to increasing size. 2. this hypothesis was tested with longitudinal data from repeated observations of 94 individually known wolves (canis lupus) hunting elk (cervus e ... | 2009 | 19175444 |
| variable extent of hybridization between invasive sika (cervus nippon) and native red deer (c. elaphus) in a small geographical area. | instances of hybridization between endemic and alien species pose a threat to species integrity but also provide us with an opportunity to study the dynamics of gene flow between two species as they first meet. here, we used variation at 22 highly differentiated microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial dna (mtdna) marker in a sample of 735 individuals, to investigate the genetic consequences of an introduction of japanese sika deer (cervus nippon) for native red deer (c. elaphus) on the kintyre ... | 2009 | 19175500 |
| consequences of perinatal treatment with l-arginine and antioxidants for the renal transcriptome in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | treating spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) with l-arginine, taurine, and vitamins c and e (atce) during nephrogenesis (2 weeks before to 4 weeks after birth) persistently lowers blood pressure. hypothetically, differential gene expression in kidney of shr vs. normotensive wistar-kyoto rats (wky) is partially corrected by maternal atce in shr. differential gene expression in 2-days, 2-weeks, and 48-week-old rats was studied using oligonucleotide chips. transcription factor binding sites (tfbs ... | 2009 | 19189121 |
| isotopic evidence of the effects of herbivory and landscape position on plant nitrogen sources in a riparian ecosystem. | this study used (15)n natural abundance techniques to investigate whether elk herbivory affects the capability of willow (salix spp.) and reed-grass (carex spp.) to access n from groundwater in upper and lower landscape positions within riparian areas of the rocky mountain national park. for this, delta(15)n values of plant, soil, rainfall and groundwater samples were measured within a replicated field experiment. despite the relatively high variability in the (15)n data, it provided evidence of ... | 2009 | 19191125 |
| selectivity of docking sites in mapk kinases. | protein kinases often recognize their substrates and regulators through docking interactions that occur outside of the active site; these interactions can help us to understand kinase networks, and to target kinases with drugs. during mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling, the ability of mapk kinases (mkks, or meks) to recognize their cognate mapks is facilitated by a short docking motif (the d-site) in the mkk n terminus, which binds to a complementary region on the mapk. mapks then ... | 2009 | 19196711 |
| enhanced immune response of red deer (cervus elaphus) to live rb51 vaccine strain using composite microspheres. | brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of nearly worldwide distribution. the occurrence of the infection in humans is largely dependent on the prevalence of brucellosis in animal reservoirs, including wildlife. the current vaccine used for cattle brucella abortus strain rb51, has proven ineffective in protecting bison (bison bison) and elk (cervus nelsoni) from infection and abortion. to test possible improvements in vaccine efficacy, a novel approach of immunization was examined from apri ... | 2009 | 19204345 |
| observations on the use of gonacon in captive female elk (cervus elaphus). | overabundant populations of elk (cervus elaphus) are a significant concern in some areas of the western united states because of potential ecologic damage and spread of brucellosis to domestic livestock. brucella abortus is transmitted among elk through direct contact with aborted fetuses, placentas and associated fluids, or postpartum discharge of infected animals. because transmission of brucellosis is dependent on pregnancy, contraception of cows could be used for both disease and population ... | 2009 | 19204347 |
| effects of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide on prostate tumor-initiating cells: an integrated molecular profiling approach. | recent evidence suggests tumor-initating cells (tics), also called cancer stem cells, are responsible for tumor initiation and progression; therefore, they represent an important cell population for development of future anti-cancer therapies. in this study, we show that the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide (ptl) is cytotoxic to prostate tics isolated from prostate cancer cell lines: du145, pc3, vcap, and lapc4, as well as primary prostate tics. furthermore, ptl inhibited tic-driven tumor form ... | 2009 | 19204913 |
| seasonal changes in plasma leptin concentration related to antler cycle in iberian red deer stags. | the aim of this study is to describe the leptin cycle in male iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) and relate it to antler and testosterone cycles. an additional aim is to assess the relationship between the plasma leptin concentration during antlers' growth and their final size. therefore, blood from 21 iberian red deer males was sampled monthly to analyse leptin and testosterone. at the same time the deer were weighed and their body condition was assessed. the length of antlers was mea ... | 2009 | 19205705 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 replication is impaired by inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) signaling pathway. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which is primarily caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), is an emerging and important swine disease. we have recently shown that pcv2 induces nuclear factor kappa b activation and its activation is required for active replication, but the other cellular factors involved in pcv2 replication are not well defined. the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) which served as an important component of cellular signal transduction pathways has been ... | 2009 | 19215954 |
| pleiotropic functions of biliverdin reductase: cellular signaling and generation of cytoprotective and cytotoxic bilirubin. | degradation of heme requires its conversion to biliverdin (bv) by heme oxygenase, followed by reduction of bv to the free-radical quencher bilirubin (br) by biliverdin reductase (bvr). it is now recognized that human bvr (hbvr) is a dual-specificity kinase (ser/thr and tyr) upstream activator of the insulin/insulin growth factor-1 (igf-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathways. hbvr is also a basic-leucine-zipper (bzip) dna/chromatin-binding transcription factor, an activ ... | 2009 | 19217170 |
| cryptic peptides of the kringle domains preferentially bind to disease-associated prion protein. | prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of a misfolded form (prp(sc)) of the cellular prion protein (prp(c)) in the brains of affected individuals. the conversion of prp(c) to prp(sc) is thought to involve a change in protein conformation from a normal, primarily alpha-helical structure into a beta-sheet conformer. few proteins have been identified that differentially interact with the two forms of prp. it has been reported that plasminog ... | 2009 | 19221431 |
| increased phosphorylation of ets-like transcription factor-1 in neurons of hypoxic preconditioned mice. | ets-like transcription factor-1 (elk-1) is a target of mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) which has been reported to play a key role in the induction of tolerance to ischemic and hypoxic injury, but little is known about the role of elk-1 in the development of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (hpc). in this study, we found that elk-1 phosphorylation at ser383 (p-ser383 elk-1), not protein expression, increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice after rep ... | 2009 | 19225881 |
| dopamine d1 receptor, but not dopamine d2 receptor, is a critical regulator for acute cocaine-enhanced gene expression. | the aim of present study is to investigate the roles of dopamine receptor subfamilies and their subsequent molecular events in cocaine-enhanced gene expression in striatum. | 2009 | 19228458 |
| growth hormone-induced production of cytokines in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro: role of jak/stat, pi3k, pkc and map kinases. | the immunomodulatory properties of growth hormone (gh) are well recognized. enhanced production of no and cytokines by macrophages on treatment with gh was reported by us recently. the present investigation elucidates the signaling mechanism(s) by which gh activates macrophages in vitro. it is observed that gh induces the phosphorylation (activation) of jak2, pi3k, pkc and map kinases. studies with pharmacological inhibitors of various signaling molecules also indicated that gh-induced proinflam ... | 2009 | 19250698 |
| modulation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype in hypoxia: role of cgmp-dependent protein kinase and myocardin. | we have previously reported that in ovine fetal pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (fpvsmc), decreased expression of cgmp-dependent protein kinase (pkg) by hypoxia could explain hypoxia-induced smc phenotype modulation. in this study, we investigated the role of myocardin, a possible downstream effector of pkg, in smc phenotype modulation induced by 1 and 24 h of hypoxia. hypoxia for 1 h induced the phosphorylation of e-26-like protein 1 (elk-1), indicating a quick activation of elk-1 after hy ... | 2009 | 19251841 |
| validation of use of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue for immunohistochemical diagnosis of chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | the examination of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (ramalt) biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has been described in sheep, elk, and small numbers of mule and white-tailed deer. previous sample numbers have been too small to validate examination of this type of tissue as a viable antemortem diagnostic test. in this study, we examined ramalt collected postmortem from 76 white-tailed deer removed from a farm in wisconsin known to be affected ... | 2009 | 19261781 |
| transmission of scrapie and sheep-passaged bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions to transgenic mice expressing elk prion protein. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a transmissible, fatal prion disease of cervids and is largely confined to north america. the origin of cwd continues to pose a conundrum: does the disease arise spontaneously or result from some other naturally occurring reservoir? to address whether prions from sheep might be able to cause disease in cervids, we inoculated mice expressing the elk prion protein (prp) transgene [tg(elkprp) mice] with two scrapie prion isolates. the ssbp/1 scrapie isolate transmit ... | 2009 | 19264659 |
| c3a and c5a are chemotactic factors for human mesenchymal stem cells, which cause prolonged erk1/2 phosphorylation. | mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) have a great potential for tissue repair, especially if they can be delivered efficiently to sites of tissue injury. since complement activation occurs whenever there is tissue damage, the effects of the complement activation products c3a and c5a on mscs were examined. both c3a and c5a were chemoattractants for human bone marrow-derived mscs, which expressed both the c3a receptor (c3ar) and the c5a receptor (c5ar; cd88) on the cell surface. specific c3ar and c5ar in ... | 2009 | 19265162 |
| isolation and functional analysis of the human glioblastoma-specific promoter region of the human gd3 synthase (hst8sia i) gene. | we identified the promoter region of the human gd3 synthase (hst8sia i) gene to elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulation of hst8sia i expression in human glioblastoma cells. the 5'-rapid amplification of cdna end using mrna prepared from u-87mg cells revealed the presence of transcription start site of hst8sia i gene, and the 5'-terminal analysis of its product showed that transcription started from 648 nucleotides upstream of the translational initiation site. functional analysis of th ... | 2009 | 19280063 |
| hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry identifies two highly protected regions in recombinant full-length prion protein amyloid fibrils. | understanding the structural basis that distinguishes the amyloid form of the prion protein from its monomeric homologue is of crucial importance to elucidate the mechanism of the lethal diseases related to this protein. recently, an in vitro conversion system was established which reproduces the transition of recombinant prion protein prp(23-230) from its native alpha-helical rich form into an aggregated amyloid beta-sheet rich form with physicochemical properties reminiscent to those of the di ... | 2009 | 19283723 |
| detection of cwd prions in urine and saliva of deer by transgenic mouse bioassay. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease affecting captive and free-ranging cervids (e.g. deer, elk, and moose). the mechanisms of cwd transmission are poorly understood, though bodily fluids are thought to play an important role. here we report the presence of infectious prions in the urine and saliva of deer with chronic wasting disease (cwd). prion infectivity was detected by bioassay of concentrated, dialyzed urine and saliva in transgenic mice expressing the cervid prp gene (tg[cerp ... | 2009 | 19293928 |
| polygyny can increase rather than decrease genetic diversity contributed by males relative to females: evidence from red deer. | polygyny is expected to erode genetic variability by reducing the diversity of genetic contribution of males to the next generation, although empirical evidence shows that genetic variability in polygynous populations is not lost as rapidly as expected. we used microsatellite markers to study the genetic variability transmitted by mothers and fathers to offspring during a reproductive season in wild populations of a polygynous mammal, the red deer. contrary to expectations, we found that males c ... | 2009 | 19302345 |
| up-regulation of car expression through elk-1 in hepg2 and sw480 cells by serum starvation stress. | constitutive androstane receptor (car) is a transcription factor regulating the expression of several genes related to drug metabolism. car expression was elevated in human hepg2 and sw480 cells by serum starvation. from reporter gene assays, mutagenesis, rna interference, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we identified the serum response element at -142/-139 in the car gene transactivated by elk-1. whereas treatment with u0126 (erk inhibitor) enhanced car expression, sp600125 (stress-ac ... | 2009 | 19302787 |
| feeding patterns of biting midges of the culicoides obsoletus and culicoides pulicaris groups on selected farms in brandenburg, germany. | host feeding patterns of engorged sibling species of the culicoides obsoletus and culicoides pulicaris groups captured during three nights on two selected farms maintaining either cattle, sheep, horses, and pigs (seedorf, brandenburg) or cattle, sheep, moufflons, and red and fallow deer (paulinenaue, brandenburg) were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification using conserved primers and sets of species-specific primers derived from vertebrates mitochondrial cytochrome b. out of a tot ... | 2009 | 19308450 |
| role of p38 and early growth response factor 1 in the macrophage response to group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs), the most frequent single isolate in neonatal sepsis and meningitis, potently activates inflammatory macrophage genes via myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (myd88). however, events parallel to and downstream of myd88 that instruct the macrophage response are incompletely understood. in this study, we found that only myd88, not the toll-like receptor (tlr) adapter proteins mal/tirap, trif, and tram, essentially mediates the cytokine (tumor necrosis factor [tnf] and in ... | 2009 | 19332535 |
| temporal scales, trade-offs, and functional responses in red deer habitat selection. | animals selecting habitats often have to consider many factors, e.g., food and cover for safety. however, each habitat type often lacks an adequate mixture of these factors. analyses of habitat selection using resource selection functions (rsfs) for animal radiotelemetry data typically ignore trade-offs, and the fact that these may change during an animal's daily foraging and resting rhythm on a short-term basis. this may lead to changes in the relative use of habitat types if availability diffe ... | 2009 | 19341140 |
| fcgammariia and fcgammariiib mediate nuclear factor activation through separate signaling pathways in human neutrophils. | receptors for igg abs (fcgamma receptors) are capable of triggering diverse cell responses in leukocytes. in neutrophils, two fcgamma receptors, namely fcgammariia and fcgammariiib, are constitutively expressed. the signaling pathways that regulate fcgammariia-mediated phagocytosis have been relatively well described. however, the different signaling pathways that lead to nf activation after engagement of each fcgamma receptor have only been partially described. to address this problem, neutroph ... | 2009 | 19342628 |
| systematic review of the management of canine osteoarthritis. | this review assesses the evidence for the efficacy of therapies used in the management of osteoarthritis in dogs on the basis of papers published in peer-reviewed journals in english between 1985 and july 2007. sixty-eight papers were identified and evaluated. they considered four alternative therapies, one use of functional food, two intra-articular agents, six nutraceutical agents, 21 pharmacological agents, two physical therapies, three surgical techniques and two combinations of weight contr ... | 2009 | 19346540 |
| prion protein library of recombinant constructs for structural biology. | a survey of plasmids for 51 prion protein constructs from bank vole, cat, cattle, chicken, dog, elk, ferret, frog, fugu, horse, human, pig, sheep, turtle, and wallaby, and for 113 mouse prion protein constructs and variants thereof, is presented. this includes information on the biochemistry of the recombinant proteins, in particular on successful and unsuccessful expression attempts. the plasmid library was generated during the past 12 years in the context of nmr structure determination and bio ... | 2009 | 19348007 |
| negative density-dependent emigration of males in an increasing red deer population. | in species with polygynous mating systems, females are regarded as food-limited, while males are limited by access to mates. when local density increases, forage availability declines, while mate access for males may increase due to an increasingly female-biased sex ratio. density dependence in emigration rates may consequently differ between sexes. here, we investigate emigration using mark-recovery data from 468 young red deer cervus elaphus marked in snillfjord, norway over a 20-year period w ... | 2009 | 19364736 |
| physiologic effects of nasal oxygen or medical air administered prior to and during carfentanil-xylazine anesthesia in north american elk (cervus canadensis manitobensis). | this study compared the physiologic effects of carfentanil-xylazine anesthesia in elk administered nasal oxygen or medical air. eight female 5 +/- 2-yr-old (mean +/- sd) captive elk (cervus canadensis manitobensis) weighing 245 +/- 20 kg and habituated to chute restraint were studied in a randomized crossover. nasal insufflation of oxygen or medical air (10 l/min) was provided prior to and throughout anesthesia. baseline data were collected before i.m. injection of carfentanil (10 microg/kg) and ... | 2009 | 19368239 |
| maturation trends in red deer females over 39 years in harvested populations. | 1. there is increasing awareness that heavy harvesting can lead to rapid evolution towards earlier sexual maturation. with increased harvest pressure, individuals that begin reproduction at light weights have a greater chance of reproducing at least once compared with individuals that begin reproduction at heavier weights and hence later in life. although well documented in fish, this has not been empirically tested for harvested populations of mammals in terrestrial ecosystems differing in many ... | 2009 | 19379140 |
| follicle-stimulating hormone increases cholangiocyte proliferation by an autocrine mechanism via camp-dependent phosphorylation of erk1/2 and elk-1. | sex hormones regulate cholangiocyte hyperplasia in bile duct-ligated (bdl) rats. we studied whether follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) regulates cholangiocyte proliferation. fsh receptor (fshr) and fsh expression was evaluated in liver sections, purified cholangiocytes, and cholangiocyte cultures (nricc). in vivo, normal female and male rats were treated with fsh or immediately after bdl with antide (a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist blocking fsh secretion) or a neutralizing fsh antibo ... | 2009 | 19389804 |
| short-term striatal gene expression responses to brain-derived neurotrophic factor are dependent on mek and erk activation. | brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) is believed to be an important regulator of striatal neuron survival, differentiation, and plasticity. moreover, reduction of bdnf delivery to the striatum has been implicated in the pathophysiology of huntington's disease. nevertheless, many essential aspects of bdnf responses in striatal neurons remain to be elucidated. | 2009 | 19390590 |
| effects of management, behavior, and scavenging on risk of brucellosis transmission in elk of western wyoming. | brucellosis is endemic in elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) using winter feedgrounds of western wyoming, usa presumably because of increased animal density, duration of attendance, and subsequent contact with aborted fetuses. however, previous research addressed antibody prevalence rather than more direct measures of transmission and did not account for elk behavior or scavenging in transmission risk. throughout march and early april 2005-07, we monitored 48 sets of culture-negative, pseudoaborted el ... | 2009 | 19395749 |
| dermoid cysts in caribou. | subcutaneous dermoid cysts were identified in eight wild caribou (rangifer tarandus) from widely dispersed locations in northern canada and in one wild caribou from alaska. the dermoid cysts from canadian caribou were found among 557 diagnostic specimens that had been detected by hunters and submitted by resource officers and biologists between 1 january 1966 and 15 may 2007. all of the cysts were located in the cervical region, and five of nine cysts were found in the throat area. all of the an ... | 2009 | 19395761 |
| investigation of the role of austrian ruminant wildlife in the epidemiology of malignant catarrhal fever viruses. | malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) is an ubiquitous disease of cattle and other ruminants caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2), which is endemic in sheep and transmitted from healthy carriers. further viruses of the mcf group are also able to induce mcf in ruminants. as alpine pasturing is very common in austria, possible contact with ruminant wildlife carrying and excreting mcf viruses might be suspected as an infection source. to investigate the epidemiologic role of austrian deer and chamois, ... | 2009 | 19395762 |
| endocytosis controls glutamate-induced nuclear accumulation of erk. | nuclear translocation of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erk) in neurons is critical for gene regulations underlying long-term neuronal adaptation and memory formation. however, it is unknown how activated erk travel from the post-synaptic elements where their activation occurs, to the nucleus where they translocate to exert their transcriptional roles. in cultured neurons, we identified endocytosis as a prime event in glutamate-induced nuclear trafficking of erk2. we show that ... | 2009 | 19398002 |
| chronic wasting disease prions in elk antler velvet. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a contagious, fatal prion disease of deer and elk that continues to emerge in new locations. to explore the means by which prions are transmitted with high efficiency among cervids, we examined prion infectivity in the apical skin layer covering the growing antler (antler velvet) by using cwd-susceptible transgenic mice and protein misfolding cyclic amplification. our finding of prions in antler velvet of cwd-affected elk suggests that this tissue may play a role ... | 2009 | 19402954 |
| lead and cadmium in red deer and wild boar from different hunting grounds in croatia. | the concentration and relations of cd and pb as environmental risk factors were studied by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in the liver, kidney and muscle of free ranging wild boar (n=94) and red deer (n=45) from hunting grounds in four counties of north-east croatia. in all four counties, the levels of cd found in the kidney of red deer ranged from 2.28 to 5.91 mg/kg, and in wild boar from 3.47 to 21.10 mg/kg. the mean renal concentration of cd was significantly higher in wild boar than in ... | 2009 | 19411089 |
| ep(3) prostanoid receptor isoforms utilize distinct mechanisms to regulate erk 1/2 activation. | prostaglandin-e(2) (pge(2)) is a hormone derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid whose functions include regulation of platelet aggregation, fever and smooth muscle contraction/relaxation. pge(2) mediates its physiological and pathophysiological effects through its binding to four g-protein coupled receptor subtypes, named ep(1), ep(2), ep(3) and ep(4). the ep(3) prostanoid receptor is unique in that it has multiple isoforms generated by alternative mrna splicing. these splice variants d ... | 2009 | 19416642 |
| factors affecting red deer skin test responsiveness to bovine and avian tuberculin and to phytohaemagglutinin. | we studied the effect of management on the responsiveness of red deer (cervus elaphus) to skin testing with mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial antigens. we hypothesized that individuals from populations of the same species under different management conditions would have a different immune responsiveness. deer sampled in this study included 1041 adult animals from 6 spanish farms and 111 adult wild deer. we injected four sites of the neck with 0.1 ml bovine purified protein derivative (ppd), 0. ... | 2009 | 19423178 |
| reduced sperm quality in relation to oxidative stress in red deer from a lead mining area. | we studied the effects of elevated heavy metal uptake on the sperm quality and the antioxidant mechanisms of sperm and testis of red deer from a pb mining area in spain. testis, liver and bone of red deer from mining (n = 21) and control (n = 20) areas were obtained from hunters and analyzed for pb, zn, cu, cd, as and se. testes were weighed and measured. motility, acrosome integrity and viability and functionality of membrane were evaluated in epididymal spermatozoa. lipid peroxidation, total g ... | 2009 | 19427722 |
| a beta integrin subunit regulates bacterial phagocytosis in medfly haemocytes. | we have recently reported that the activation of focal adhesion kinase (fak) and its downstream targets upon pathogen challenge regulate phagocytosis in medfly haemocytes. the goal of this study was to further explore the signalling pathway underlying the process of phagocytosis. in particular, in this report, we used flow cytometry, rna interference, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot and immunoprecipitation analysis to demonstrate the haemocyte surface receptor, through which the ... | 2009 | 19428487 |
| thrombin induces egr-1 expression in fibroblasts involving elevation of the intracellular ca2+ concentration, phosphorylation of erk and activation of ternary complex factor. | the serine protease thrombin catalyzes fibrin clot formation by converting fibrinogen into fibrin. additionally, thrombin stimulation leads to an activation of stimulus-responsive transcription factors in different cell types, indicating that the gene expression pattern is changed in thrombin-stimulated cells. the objective of this study was to analyze the signaling cascade leading to the expression of the zinc finger transcription factor egr-1 in thrombin-stimulated lung fibroblasts. | 2009 | 19432968 |
| lipid-soluble cigarette smoking particles induce expression of inflammatory and extracellular-matrix-related genes in rat cerebral arteries. | cigarette smoking is one of the strongest risk factors for stroke. however, the underlying molecular mechanisms that smoke leads to the pathogenesis of stroke are incompletely understood. | 2009 | 19436652 |
| bovine tuberculosis in canadian wildlife: an updated history. | mycobacterium bovis infection in wild animals attracted little attention in canada until the disease was almost eliminated from domestic livestock. tuberculosis was endemic in plains bison and occurred in elk, moose, and mule deer in buffalo national park (bnp), alberta during the 1920s and 1930s. bison were moved from bnp to wood buffalo national park (wbnp), where tuberculosis became, and remains, endemic in bison, posing a risk to efforts to restore bison in northern canada. tuberculosis was ... | 2009 | 20119541 |
| trade-offs between predation risk and forage differ between migrant strategies in a migratory ungulate. | trade-offs between predation risk and forage fundamentally drive resource selection by animals. among migratory ungulates, trade-offs can occur at large spatial scales through migration, which allows an "escape" from predation, but trade-offs can also occur at finer spatial scales. previous authors suggest that ungulates will avoid predation risk at the largest scale, although few studies have examined multi-scale trade-offs to test for the relative benefits of risk avoidance across scales. buil ... | 2009 | 20120812 |
| accounting for animal movement in estimation of resource selection functions: sampling and data analysis. | patterns of resource selection by animal populations emerge as a result of the behavior of many individuals. statistical models that describe these population-level patterns of habitat use can miss important interactions between individual animals and characteristics of their local environment; however, identifying these interactions is difficult. one approach to this problem is to incorporate models of individual movement into resource selection models. to do this, we propose a model for step s ... | 2009 | 20120822 |
| serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations in captive and free-ranging, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin d [25(oh)d] were determined for free-ranging and captive white-tailed deer (wtd). effects of gender, season, and age on 25(oh)d concentrations were determined as well as comparisons to concentrations in serum from captive reindeer and elk. seasonal variations in 25(oh)d concentrations were detected for both captive and free-ranging wtd with greatest concentrations detected in august/september (approximately 25 ng/ml) and lowest concentrations in february ... | 2009 | 20209469 |
| [occurrence of giardia species and genotypes in humans and animals in wielkopolska region, poland]. | giardia is the most common intestinal protozoan parasite found in humans and animals worldwide. although it has been known for three hundred years, the nomenclature, taxonomy, host specificity, and pathogenicity of giardia still arouse numerous controversies and ambiguities. giardia is classified into six species, that are characterised by various ranges of hosts. the most dubious species is g. intestinalis, which includes a dozen or so genotypes, and only two of them (genotype a and b) have wid ... | 2009 | 20209826 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing ixodes ricinus ticks in relation to the density of wild cervids. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum have been considered as pathogens in animals and humans. the role of wild cervids in the epidemiology is not clear. we analyzed questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected in spring for these pathogens from sites with high (fjelløyvaer and strøm) and low density (tjore, hinnebu and jomfruland) of wild cervids to study the spread of the pathogens in questing ticks. | 2009 | 19943915 |
| the mechanical properties of red deer antler bone when used in fighting. | we assessed the hydration state of antlers and its effect on antler mechanical properties compared with wet femur. red deer antlers were removed from the head at various times, from a few days after velvet shedding till late in the season, and weighed weekly until after casting time. antlers cut just after losing their velvet lost weight rapidly in the first few weeks, then settled down and changed weight very little, the latter changes correlating with air relative humidity. antlers cut later s ... | 2009 | 19946076 |
| [genetic variability in neotropical deer genera (mammalia: cervidae) according to dna microsatellite loci]. | species conservation programs are highly based on analyses of population genetics. we compared eight neotropical cervidae (mazama americana, m. gouzaoubira, m. rufina, odocoileus virginianus, hippocamelus antisensis, pudu mephistopholes, ozotoceros bezoarticus and blastoceros dichotomus) and some european and asian cervidae (cervus elaphus, c. nippon, capreolus capreolus, c. pygargus and dama dama). the european species c. elaphus was our standard for a high degree of genetic variability: we use ... | 2009 | 19928479 |
| dramatic co-activation of wwox/wox1 with creb and nf-kappab in delayed loss of small dorsal root ganglion neurons upon sciatic nerve transection in rats. | tumor suppressor wox1 (also named wwox or for) is known to participate in neuronal apoptosis in vivo. here, we investigated the functional role of wox1 and transcription factors in the delayed loss of axotomized neurons in dorsal root ganglia (drg) in rats. | 2009 | 19918364 |
| ashworthius sidemi (nematoda, trichostrongylidae) in wild ruminants in białowieza forest. | between 2003-2007, abomasa of 91 european bison (bison bonasus), 4 red deer (cervus elaphus) and 2 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) shot in the białowieza primeval forest (poland) were examined for worms presence. all the animals examined were infected with nematodes a. sidemi with an exception of one bison, that was shot in year 2003. there was much higher average intensity of invasion in bison (5529), than in red deer (85) and in roe deer (1837). the animals were shot in a period from december t ... | 2009 | 19886261 |
| impact of age and sex of rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) on follicle counts from rectal mucosal biopsies for preclinical detection of chronic wasting disease. | to determine if the number of rectal lymphoid follicles decreases with respect to age and sex relative to diagnosis of chronic wasting disease (cwd), rectal biopsies (n = 1,361) were taken from captive rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) at 4 ranches in the western united states between 2005 and 2008. rectal tissues were stained with a monoclonal antibody (f99/97.6.1), which selectively stains the abnormal isoform of the prion protein associated with cwd of elk. the number of lymphoid fo ... | 2009 | 19901292 |
| oral vaccination with microencapsuled strain 19 vaccine confers enhanced protection against brucella abortus strain 2308 challenge in red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus). | bison (bison bison) and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in the greater yellowstone area (gya), usa, are infected with brucella abortus, the causative agent of bovine brucellosis, and they serve as a wildlife reservoir for the disease. bovine brucellosis recently has been transmitted from infected elk to cattle in montana, wyoming, and idaho and has resulted in their loss of brucellosis-free status. an efficacious brucella vaccine with a delivery system suitable for wildlife would be a valuable tool ... | 2009 | 19901378 |
| estimating the risk of cattle exposure to tuberculosis posed by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales. | wild deer populations in great britain are expanding in range and probably in numbers, and relatively high prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (btb, caused by infection with mycobacterium bovis) in deer occurs locally in parts of southwest england. to evaluate the m. bovis exposure risk posed to cattle by wild deer relative to badgers in england and wales, we constructed and parameterized a quantitative risk model with the use of information from the literature (on deer densities, activity pattern ... | 2009 | 19901384 |
| dna genotyping suggests that recent brucellosis outbreaks in the greater yellowstone area originated from elk. | identifying the source of infectious disease outbreaks is difficult, especially for pathogens that infect multiple wildlife species. brucella spp. are among the most problematic zoonotic agents worldwide, and they are notoriously difficult to detect and identify. we genotyped 10 variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) dna loci in 56 brucella abortus isolates from bison (bos bison), elk (cervus elaphus), and cattle (bos taurus) to test the wildlife species most likely to be the origin of recent o ... | 2009 | 19901392 |
| echinococcus granulosus in gray wolves and ungulates in idaho and montana, usa. | we evaluated the small intestines of 123 gray wolves (canis lupus) that were collected from idaho, usa (n=63), and montana, usa (n=60), between 2006 and 2008 for the tapeworm echinococcus granulosus. the tapeworm was detected in 39 of 63 wolves (62%) in idaho, usa, and 38 of 60 wolves (63%) in montana, usa. the detection of thousands of tapeworms per wolf was a common finding. in idaho, usa, hydatid cysts, the intermediate form of e. granulosus, were detected in elk (cervus elaphus), mule deer ( ... | 2009 | 19901399 |
| detection of treatment-induced changes in signaling pathways in gastrointestinal stromal tumors using transcriptomic data. | cell signaling plays a central role in the etiology of cancer. numerous therapeutics in use or under development target signaling proteins; however, off-target effects often limit assignment of positive clinical response to the intended target. as direct measurements of signaling protein activity are not generally feasible during treatment, there is a need for more powerful methods to determine if therapeutics inhibit their targets and when off-target effects occur. we have used the bayesian dec ... | 2009 | 19903850 |
| parents' genetic dissimilarity and offspring sex in a polygynous mammal. | offspring quality may benefit from genetic dissimilarity between parents. however, genetic dissimilarity may trade-off with additive genetic benefits. we hypothesized that when sexual selection produces sex-specific selective scenarios, the relative benefits of additive genetic vs. dissimilarity may differ for sons and daughters. here we study a sample of 666 red deer (cervus elaphus) microsatellite genotypes, including males, females and their foetuses, from 20 wild populations in spain (the ma ... | 2009 | 19863722 |
| transcription factors down-stream of ras as molecular indicators for targeting malignancies with oncolytic herpes virus. | overactivation in ras signaling has been under intensive study as the molecular basis for development of cancer. such overactivation can occur in the presence or absence of mutations in ras gene resulting in activation of a series of down-stream effectors such as transcription factors. different studies have shown the activation of ras down-stream effectors in non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) although mutations in ras are not prevalent in this malignancy. since overactivation in ras signaling also inc ... | 2009 | 19766068 |
| female-biased dispersal under conditions of low male mating competition in a polygynous mammal. | sex-biased dispersal is a common phenomenon in birds and mammals. competition for mates has been argued to be an important selective pressure favouring dispersal. sexual differences in the level of intrasexual competition may produce asymmetries in the costs-benefits balance of dispersal and philopatry for males and females, which may favour male-biased dispersal in polygynous species such as most mammals. this being the case, condition-dependent dispersal predicts that male-bias should decrease ... | 2009 | 19840261 |
| intracellular metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mglur5) activates signaling cascades distinct from cell surface counterparts. | g-protein-coupled receptors are thought to transmit extracellular signals to the cytoplasm from their position on the cell surface. some receptors, including the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mglur5), are also highly expressed on intracellular membranes where they serve unknown functions. here, we show that activation of cell surface versus intracellular mglur5 results in unique ca(2+) signatures leading to unique cellular responses. specifically, activation of either cell surface or intrac ... | 2009 | 19840937 |
| [an attempt of experimental infection of fishes and chickens with invasive larvae of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda, protostrongylidae)]. | elaphostrongylus cervi is a parasite of skeletal muscles and central nervous system of wild and farm red deer in europe and asia. numerous species of terrestrial snails can be its intermediate hosts. considering the fact that invasive larvae of e. cervi are released by deer to the external environment in huge numbers, fishes and birds can be accidentally infect by them. in this study the development of larvae e. cervi in those nonspecific hosts was discussed. it was determined that invasive larv ... | 2009 | 19856837 |
| comments on "concentration of selected metals in liver, kidney, and muscle of red deer (cervus elaphus)". | 2009 | 19827498 | |
| epigenetic mechanisms in the dentate gyrus act as a molecular switch in hippocampus-associated memory formation. | we make strong memories of significant events in our lives which may serve to increase our resilience and adaptation capacity to deal with future challenges. it is well established that the neurotransmitter glutamate and the erk mapk intracellular signaling pathway play a principal role in memory formation. in addition, stress-associated hormones like glucocorticoids released during such events are known to strengthen formation of memories. but, how do these hormones work? do they interact with ... | 2009 | 19829071 |
| aberrant extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)1/2 signalling in suicide brain: role of erk kinase 1 (mek1). | extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)1/2 signalling plays a critical role in synaptic and structural plasticity. recent preclinical and human brain studies suggest that depression and suicidal behaviour are associated with aberrant erk1/2 signalling. mek, is a dual-specificity kinase, which is the immediate upstream regulator of erk1/2. two isoforms of mek (mek1 and mek2) exist. by phosphorylating at ser and thr residues, mek activates erk1/2, which then phosphorylates cytoplasmic and nucl ... | 2009 | 19835659 |
| granulomatous inflammation in retropharyngeal lymph nodes of wild cervids in saskatchewan. | a portion of retropharyngeal lymph nodes from 6,824 wild cervids, comprising 1,458 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), 5,345 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), 11 unidentified deer (odocoileus spp.), and 10 elk (cervus elaphus), were examined histologically for evidence of inflammation. focal granulomatous lymphadenitis was detected in 0.3% of white-tailed deer, 1.3% of mule deer, and in one of 10 elk. material consistent with splendore-hoeppli phenomenon was present in 70 (93%) of 75 case ... | 2009 | 19617472 |
| babesia capreoli infections in alpine chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra), roe deer (capreolus c. capreolus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) from switzerland. | five cases of fatal babesiosis in free-ranging chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra) attributed to infections with babesia capreoli were recently recorded in two regions of the swiss alps. to investigate the ecologic factors that possibly lead to those fatal b. capreoli infections in chamois, blood, ticks, and demographic data of 46 roe deer (capreolus c. capreolus), 48 chamois, and nine red deer (cervus elaphus) were collected in 2006 and 2007 in both affected regions. whereas no parasitic inclusion ... | 2009 | 19617485 |
| glucocorticoid stress hormones and the effect of predation risk on elk reproduction. | predators affect prey demography through direct predation and through the costs of antipredator behavioral responses, or risk effects. experiments have shown that risk effects can comprise a substantial proportion of a predator's total effect on prey dynamics, but we know little about their strength in wild populations, or the physiological mechanisms that mediate them. when wolves are present, elk alter their grouping patterns, vigilance, foraging behavior, habitat selection, and diet. these re ... | 2009 | 19617549 |
| the geography of conflict between elk and agricultural values in the cypress hills, canada. | complex ecological issues like depredation and its management are determined by multiple factors acting at more than one scale and are interlinked with complex human social and economic behaviour. depredation by wild herbivores can be a major obstacle to agricultural community support for wildlife conservation. for three decades, crop and fence damage, competition with livestock for native rangeland and tame pasture, and depredation of stored feed by elk (cervus elaphus canadensis) have been the ... | 2009 | 18082311 |
| detection and characterisation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli other than escherichia coli o157:h7 in wild ruminants. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) are an important group of emerging pathogens, with ruminants recognised as their main natural reservoir. the aim of this work was to establish the prevalence of non-o157 stec in free-ranging wild ruminants in the extremadura region of spain and to characterise them phenogenotypically. faecal samples were collected from 243 wild ruminants, including cervus elaphus, capreolus capreolus, dama dama and ovis musimon and were examined for stec using both p ... | 2009 | 18337133 |