Publications

immunization against trichinella spiralis using antigens from different life-cycle stages experimental study in mice.	crude antigen preparations from different life-cycle stages of t. spiralis using 10 micrograms and 100 micrograms antigen/dose, were tested for their ability to immunize mice against homologous challenge infection. immunization was assessed by accelerated expulsion of adult worms, reduction in female worm fecundity and decreased yield of muscle larvae. the dose of 100 micrograms proved to be more protective in all antigen preparations. the aa provided highly significant protection against adult ...	1996	8721225
effects of maternal ethanol consumption on the subsequent development of immunity to trichinella spiralis in rat neonates.	the immune response of rat pups to the intestinal parasite trichinella spiralis was studied to determine if maternal pre- and/or postnatal ethanol consumption affected neonatal immune responses. female rats were fed ethanol-containing (36% of calories) or pair-fed control liquid diets and include groups that were maintained on ethanol as follows: group 1, from day 1 of pregnancy through weaning and whose pups were then placed on ethanol to sacrifice; group 2, from day 1 of pregnancy through lact ...	1996	8727247
generation of tnf alpha, ifn gamma, il-6, il-4 and il-10 in mouse serum from trichinellosis: effect of the anti-inflammatory compound 4-deoxypyridoxine (4-dpd).	infections caused by the nematode trichinella spiralis is characterized in the host by an inflammatory response with cytokine production. in these studies we have detected tnf alpha, il-6, ifn gamma, il-4 and il-10 in the serum of 10 mice infected with t. spiralis. moreover, we detected, for the first time, these cytokines in the serum of mice treated with 4-dpd, a potent antagonist of vitamin b6 coenzyme which has anti-inflammatory properties. 4-dpd was used at 100, 400, 800 micrograms/bolus fo ...	1996	8739314
antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and other nematodes.	we used elisa and immunoblotting to investigate antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and five other nematodes: the ascaridoids ascaris suum, toxocara canis and hysterothylacium aduncum, and the nonascaridoids trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris. two sera were raised against each species (including a. simplex, but excluding a. suum), by infection or by immunization with somatic antigens. serum against a. suum was raised by immunization only. the r ...	1996	8740558
detection of gastrointestinal nematodes by a coproantigen capture elisa.	an assay is described for the quantitative detection of excretory/secretory antigens liberated by the intestinal nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus and voided in the host's faeces. a rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the antigens detected them in a dose-dependent manner and was sufficiently sensitive to recognise infection in mice carrying a mean worm burden of nine worms. the assay was specific, giving higher optical density readings with the faeces of mice infected with h polygyrus than with faec ...	1996	8745247
effect of some parasitic infection on neurotransmitters in the brain of experimentally infected mice before and after treatment.	the effects of some parasitic infection (bilharziasis, toxocariasis and trichinosis) on the brain of experimentally infected mice were investigated. eighty animals were classified into four groups, group i contained five non infected animals as a control group. the other groups each contained twenty-five mice infected with schistosoma mansoni (group ii), toxocara canis (group iii) and trichinella spiralis (group iv). each infected group was divided into two subgroups (a,b). subgroup (a) left unt ...	1996	8754657
propionibacterium granulosum activities in rats during the muscle phase of trichinella spiralis invasion.	immune response of wistar rats, infected with 4000 l1 t. spiralis and treated with p. granulosum during the muscle phase of nematode invasion were measured. the increase of spleen mass was observed in all groups infected and exposed to p. granulosum. intraperitoneal injection of bacteria results in higher level of t lymphocytes and activated neutrophils. the level of inhibition of macrophages migration was depended on relation to the time and doses of injection. in non-specific stimulated animal ...	1996	8755145
[phosphocholine antigens in muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis].	crude t. spiralis larval antigens often cross-react with antibodies to other parasites (for instance toxocara canis) in the elisa test. the crossreactivity of the sera is probably due to the presence of phosphocholine (pc)-specific antibodies to antigens found in the inner layer of the cuticle, in the haemolymph, genital primordium and glycogen aggregates t. spiralis larvae. the anti-pc response following infection with t. spiralis occurs earlier than the antispecific antigens response. the abov ...	1996	8755146
neural integration of jejunal motility and ion transport in nematode-infected ferrets.	jejunal motility measured manometrically and coupled fluctuations in electrogenic ion transport measured as transmural potential differences (pd) were simultaneously studied in ferrets infected with enteric stages of the parasitic nematode, trichinella spiralis. vagotomy in uninfected ferrets abolished jejunal motility clusters and associated pd oscillations. conversely, in infected ferrets on days 8-12 postinfection (pi), vagotomy did not abolish jejunal motility and pd. calculated motility ind ...	1996	8760106
[the heidelberg trichina dispute. a parasitologic episode from the year 1840].	since the initial zoological description of "trichina spiralis" (later renamed "trichinella spiralis") by owen in 1835 several other scientists had observed trichinas in human muscles, when an inglorious dispute about priorities arose between the anatomists kobelt and bischoff at the heidelberg university in 1840 because of one of those findings. the genesis of trichinosis was only to be explained in 1860 by zenker, while bischoff, who was among the leading 19th century embryologists, then still ...	1996	8765543
anthelmintic activity of 6,7-diaryl-pteridines.	in a search for new anthelmintic compounds, some 6,7-diaryl-pteridines were synthesized from the corresponding diaminopyrimidines and aromatic aldehydes. their anthelmintic activity was tested in vitro against caenorhabditis elegans and heligmosomoides polygyrus and in vivo against trichinella spiralis. structure-activity relationships are discussed.	1996	8767359
effects of oral l-name during trichinella spiralis infection in rats.	we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide in transmural jejunal alterations induced by trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) infection in rats. rats were gavaged with either saline or t.spiralis larvae, and, 1 h later, rats were treated orally with water, ng-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name; 30 mg/kg), or ng-nitro-d-arginine methyl ester (d-name; 30 mg/kg) on a daily basis. although not observed in jejunum from uninfected rats, inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) mrna was present in t ...	1996	8770050
uvb-induced decreased resistance to trichinella spiralis in the rat is related to impaired cellular immunity.	our laboratory has demonstrated in preliminary experiments that uvb exposure using the kromayer lamp can induce increased numbers of trichinella spiralis larvae in carcasses of infected wistar rats, without affecting specific antibody titers to this parasite. in this study, orally t. spiralis-infected wistar rats were exposed to suberythemal doses of uvb radiation using fs40 lamps during different time periods before or after infection. a significant increase in the number of t. spiralis larvae ...	1996	8806234
trichinella spiralis infection in pigs in eastern bolivia.	trichinellosis in pigs in bolivia was first documented in 1993 following a small abattoir survey in a rural community in the bolivian altiplano. the present study investigated the presence of antibodies to trichinella spiralis in pigs in the 2 largest departments in terms of pig production in bolivia. three geographically separate abattoir surveys were conducted to cover the major production areas in the departments of santa cruz and chuquisaca. sera were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorb ...	1996	8809974
developmental expression of a 43-kda secreted glycoprotein from trichinella spiralis.	trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasitic nematode that infects skeletal muscle cells. infection results in loss of tissue specific characteristics and conversion of the muscle cell to a nurse cell. the characteristic changes leading to the formation of the nurse cell appear complete by day 12 after intramuscular infection. proteins synthesized in the stichocytes (secretory cells) of t. spiralis and secreted in the host cell are believed to be involved in the process of nurse cell forma ...	1996	8813673
trichinella pseudospiralis secretes a protein related to the trichinella spiralis 43-kda glycoprotein.	a 43-kda secreted glycoprotein from the intracellular parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis has been considered as a factor involved in the formation of the nurse cell in infected muscle. the closely related intracellular parasitic nematode trichinella pseudospiralis that also infects muscle cells, does not form nurse cells and was thought not to secrete the 43-kda glycoprotein. this implied a unique role for the 43-kda glycoprotein in t. spiralis infection and supported the hypothesis of invo ...	1996	8813674
expression and function of hla-dq8 (dqa10301/dqb10302) genes in transgenic mice.	transgenic mice expressing hla-dqa10301 and hla-dqb10302 genes (dq8) were produced. the transgenes were then transferred into mouse (ab degrees) class ii negative mice: the only class ii molecules expressed in these animals were therefore coded by the hla-dq8 genes. good expression of hla-dq molecules was found. both cd4+ t cells and dq8-specific t-cell receptor v beta expressing cells were positively selected in these mice. the hla-dq8 molecules expressed in these animals can present various ...	1996	8834919
susceptibility and reactivity of sheep to trichinella spiralis infection.	susceptibility and reactive manifestation to trichinella spiralis infection were studied in atypical hosts (sheep) for the period of 247 days. sheep produced anti-trichinella antibodies as early on day 11 (low titer 1:200), with maximum reached at day 35 (titer 1:800). from day 42 the antibody level was declining with a negative result of examination on day 70. mice exhibited anti-trichinella antibodies only on day 32 (titer 1:200). this level was rising, reaching high titer (1:1600) on day 56. ...	1996	8856994
mast cells that reside at different locations in the jejunum of mice infected with trichinella spiralis exhibit sequential changes in their granule ultrastructure and chymase phenotype.	whether or not a nontransformed, mature mouse mast cell (mc) or its committed progenitor can change its granule protease phenotype during inflammatory responses, has not been determined. to address this issue, the granule morphology and protease content of the mc in the jejunum of balb/c mice exposed to trichinella spiralis were assessed during the course of the infection. within 1 wk after helminth infection of the mice, increased numbers of mc appeared in the crypts at the base of the villi, a ...	1996	8858180
free and bound biotin molecules in helminths: a source of artifacts for avidin biotin-based immunoassays.	the avidin-biotin molecular recognition system is widely used in parasite immunology. however, the presence of biotin and/or biotin-containing molecules (bcms) in samples may lead to erroneous results. in the work reported herein we investigated the extent to which biotin and bcms present in helminth extracts may interfere in avidin/biotin-based immunoassays and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for quantification of these components. in avidin-based elisa using antinematode ...	1996	8875569
investigation of immunofluorescence cross-reactions against trichinella spiralis by western blot (immunoblot) analysis.	immunofluorescence cross-reactions in trichinella spiralis serodiagnosis are sometimes difficult to identify. we compared the results of an indirect immunofluorescence assay and the profiles obtained by western blot (immunoblot) analysis for three groups of patients: 10 t. spiralis-infected patients, 10 patients with autoimmune diseases, and 7 patients with parasitic diseases other than trichinellosis. the degree of immunofluorescence cross-reaction was variable. western blotting allowed us to d ...	1996	8877138
intestinal transport and catabolism of ige: a major blood-independent pathway of ige dissemination during a trichinella spiralis infection of rats.	previous work has shown that trichinella spiralis-infected rats transport ige from plasma to intestinal tissue and fluids. in this study we quantitate ige transport to the gut and circulation during t. spiralis infection in rats. total ige levels in intestinal fluid from infected rats were elevated by 4 days post-infection (dpi), but were not elevated in serum and lymph until 7 dpi. ige levels in intestinal fluid ranged from 1 to 6 microg between 10 and 21 dpi, and serum and lymph ige levels ran ...	1996	8892637
immunology and genetics of zoonotic infections involving parasites.	zoonoses involving parasites are both common and important, some causing serious diseases. the abilities of such parasites to pass between humans and a variety of vertebrates facilitates their use as experimental model systems. much can be learned about the host-parasite relationships of zoonotic infections from laboratory-based studies, particularly where it is possible to make use of defined parasite isolates in a variety of host species or in genetically defined strains of a given host. this ...	1996	8894375
trichinella spiralis: x-ray analysis of the nurse cell-muscle larva complex after exponential growth of the larva.	the energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (edxa) method was employed to determine how the exponential growth of the trichinella spiralis larva affect the concentration of some metabolically active elements such as phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, potassium, and calcium in host myocytes as well as inside the nurse cell-muscle larva complex. two observations are noteworthy. first, the capsule of the complex reveals the highest na+ and cl-concentrations. we would suggest that these high na+ and cl- ...	1996	8897509
molecular cloning of a myod-like gene from the parasitic nematode, trichinella spiralis.	the infective larval stage of the nematode trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasite of skeletal muscle cells. infection with t. spiralis results in dedifferentiation of the host cell and the formation of a host/parasite complex. a gene encoding a t. spiralis helix-loop-helix (hlh) protein with homology to the myogenic transcription factor, myod, and to the caenorhabditis elegans protein, cemyod, has been identified and partially characterized. the tsmyd-1 gene is expressed constitutivel ...	1996	8898330
trichinella spiralis thymidylate synthase: developmental pattern, isolation, molecular properties, and inhibition by substrate and cofactor analogues.	thymidylate synthase specific activity was found to remain at a constant level in crude extracts from muscle larvae, isolated (1-15 months after infection) by pepsin-hci digestion, as well as from adult worms of trichinella spiralis. the enzyme was purified and its molecular (monomer mol. wt 35 kd) and kinetic (sequential mechanism with the k(m) values 3.1 and 19 microm for dump and n5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, respectively) properties determined. 5-fluoro-dump was a competitive, slow-bindin ...	1996	8920932
trichinella infection and clinical disease.	trichinellosis is caused by ingestion of insufficiently cooked meat contaminated with infective larvae of trichinella species. the clinical course is highly variable, ranging from no apparent infection to severe and even fatal disease. we report two illustrative cases of trichinellosis. returning to denmark a few days after having eaten roasted pork in the republic of serbia, a female patient suffered from severe vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhoea, and later myalgia, arthralgia, generalized oe ...	1996	8935484
environmental and human influence on the ecology of trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi in western europe.	surveys on trichinella parasites in domestic and sylvatic animals collected in france, italy, and in the extremadura region of spain showed that the distribution of trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi is influenced by both environmental and human behaviour factors. in france, both trichinella species are prevalent in the fox population from mountain areas and natural parks but are infrequent in wild boars (< 0.001%). in italy, only t. britovi is present in sylvatic animals (foxes, wolve ...	1996	8939049
the effect of trichinella spiralis infection on the mechanical properties of the mammalian diaphragm.	trichinella spiralis larvae infect and develop within skeletal muscle cells causing major changes to their mechanical properties. the aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of t. spiralis on the power output and fatigue resistance of the mammalian diaphragm under conditions simulating in vivo operation and to relate these to respiratory performance. infection with t. spiralis leads to major reductions in mechanical stress, work, power output and fatigue resistance. these changes ...	1996	8939050
pattern of proinflammatory cytokine mrna expression during trichinella spiralis infection of the rat.	trichinella spiralis occupies an intramulticellular niche in the small intestinal epithelium, and thus we examined the intestine and gut-associated tissues for proinflammatory cytokines during the infection. we document the patterns of interleukin-1 (il-1), il-6, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha mrna expression in the duodenum, jejunum, peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and liver in t. spiralis-infected rats. by reverse transcription-pcr detection of mrnas, il-1bet ...	1996	8945557
a helminthological survey of wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the metropolitan area of copenhagen.	sixty-eight red foxes were collected from the metropolitan area of copenhagen and examined for helminth infections. standard faecal flotations for intestinal parasites gave the following results: strongyle eggs (75.0%), capillaria eggs (36.8%), toxocara eggs (23.5%), taenia eggs (1.5%), and coccidia oocysts (2.9%). gastrointestinal helminths were collected from 21 of the 68 foxes with the following specimens found: uncinaria stenocephala (85.7%), toxocara canis (81.0%), taenia spp. (38.1%), meso ...	1996	8960222
characterization of spanish trichinella isolates by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd).	the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay was used to find molecular markers able to distinguish trichinella spiralis from t. britovi, the two recognized spanish trichinella species. fourteen spanish trichinella isolates, as well as reference trichinella isolates representing the five species t. spiralis (t1), t. nativa (t2), t. britovi (t3), t. pseudospiralis (t4) and t. nelsoni (t7) and the three other taxa trichinella t5, trichinella t6 and trichinella t8 of the genus, were characteri ...	1996	8960230
case report: locally acquired trichinosis in an immigrant from southeast asia.	the authors report a case of trichinosis acquired in oklahoma city by an immigrant from southeast asia. the 49-year-old female reported having abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting, and had purchased and eaten lightly cooked pork. she also complained of fatigue, anorexia, and muscle aches for several months. an immigrant from laos, she stated that she regularly eats pork and prefers it rare or mildly cooked. the authors caution local physicians to be aware of the increased risk of trichinos ...	1996	8972172
[the detection of pathogenicity factors in the nematode trichinella spiralis at different stages of its development].	the study of water soluble proteins of trichinella spiralis has discovered for the first time some protein fractions having neiraminedase, haemagglutinative and cytotoxic activities. the presence of hyaluronidase was confirmed and its activity both for water soluble and cuticle proteins of the trichinella was examined. the haemagglutinin and cytotoxin of the trichinella have an antigen specificity. the presence of active molecules is considered as the factors of pathogenicity. these pathogenic f ...	1996	8984436
workshop on a detailed characterization of trichinella spiralis antigens: a platform for future studies on antigens and antibodies to this parasite.	in order to characterize immunodominant components of t. spiralis a workshop was organized. in this the reactivity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, provided by different research groups, towards total extracts from adult, new born larvae and muscle larvae as well as to excretory/secretory components of muscle larvae were tested by elisa, western blot and immunoprecipitation assays. as a result of this workshop t. spiralis ml antigens have been classified into eight groups (tsl-1-tsl-8) a ...	1996	9229380
analysis of chinese isolates of trichinella spiralis by molecular biotechnology.	to investigate the relationships among trichinella spiralis isolates obtained from different hosts and geographical regions in china.	1996	9275332
eu experimental study on wild boar trichinellosis.	from january 1994 onwards the council directive 92/45 eec concerning the examination of wild game meat for trichinellosis is valid. laboratory methods required are identical to those used for the examination of pork. in an international experiment the suitability of these methods to control wild boar meat was tested. required meat parts of experimentally with t. spiralis infected wild boars were shipped to seven laboratories in europe under code. it was concluded that trichinoscopy and pool samp ...	1996	8574243
the mycobacterial component of complete freund's adjuvant induces expulsion of the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis in mice.	expulsion of t. spiralis adult worms was accelerated in high-responder nih mice vaccinated previously with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) emulsified in pbs, whereas the expulsion of this parasite from low-responder c57 bl/10 mice was unaffected. incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) did not induce protection and it was concluded that the mycobacterial component, present in cfa but absent from ifa, was responsible for inducing these non-specific protective effects. cfa did not induce t. spiralis-s ...	1996	8574244
experimental trichinellosis in goats.	the susceptibility and distribution of trichinella spiralis infection in goats were examined in ten autochthonous kids, 2 months old and about 10 kg body weight. the animals were divided into two groups: one experimental group with eight animals, infected with 10,000 t. spiralis 't1' encysted larvae and a control group with two non-infected animals. all the animals of the experimental group infected by the parasite showed that trichinella larvae have a special affinity for the tongue, masseters, ...	1996	8638385
nutritional support for adaptation to radiation-induced suppression of mucosal immunity in the intestine of the rat.	appropriate enteral nutrition provided immediately after injury or trauma to the gastrointestinal tract may limit or reverse damage to the mucosal barrier. in this regard, diets containing amino acids, such as arginine and glutamine, or fish oil have been identified as beneficial. this report assesses the role of amino acids as "essential nutrients" in the repair of intestinal mucosa damaged by gamma radiation. rats were used experimentally to test the hypothesis that the recovery of the immune ...	1996	8643836
structural organisation and lipid composition of the epicuticular accessory layer of infective larvae of trichinella spiralis.	the epicuticle of infective larvae of trichinella spiralis represents the interface between this intracellular nematode parasite and the cytosol of mammalian skeletal muscle. the macromolecular structures that make up the epicuticle were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy and compositional analysis. three fracture planes were observed: one with a typical plasma membrane-type bilayer organisation which was overlaid by two extended layers of lipid in an inverted cylindrical configurati ...	1996	8652610
clinical aspects of infection with trichinella spp.	isolated cases and outbreaks of infection with trichinella spp. occur frequently throughout the world, sometimes resulting in fatalities. the clinical presentations of signs and symptoms are remarkably constant for most of the species of trichinella, but in infections with trichinella nativa and trichinella britovi, classical symptoms of trichinellosis may be absent. it is important to be able to correlate the clinical presentation of trichinellosis with the life cycle of these helminths in orde ...	1996	8665476
local intestinal immune responses to infections with trichinella spiralis. real-time, continuous assay of cytokines in the intestinal (afferent) and efferent thoracic duct lymph of rats.	levels of il-4, il-5, tnf-alpha, and ifn-gamma were quantitated in the intestinal (afferent) and efferent thoracic duct lymph of rats during the course (0 to 289 h) of an infection with trichinella spiralis. intestinal lymph was collected by cannulating thoracic ducts of mesenteric lymphadenectomized animals. these studies showed that cytokines typical of a th2 type (il-4 and il-5) and a th1 type (ifn-gamma) were simultaneously detected in the intestinal lymph during the first 8 days after infec ...	1996	8666804
a critical role for stem cell factor and c-kit in host protective immunity to an intestinal helminth.	in common with many intestinal nematode infections, trichinella spiralis infections in mice are associated with a pronounced intestinal mast cell hyperplasia. the expulsion of the parasite from the gut is temporally associated with intestinal mastocytosis and mast cell function reflected by the secretion of mast cell protease into tissue and serum. in vivo, mucosal mast cell production is highly dependent upon t cell-derived cytokines including il-3 and il-4. we present data here to show that in ...	1996	8671643
acceleration of ige responses by treatment with recombinant interleukin-3 prior to infection with trichinella spiralis in mice.	treatment of mice with recombinant interleukin-3 (ril-3) accelerated an il-4-dependent ige production following infection with trichinella spiralis. when mice were treated with a total of 1.5 x 10(4) units ril-3 for 5 days before infection with 400 muscle larvae, the serum ige level increased prominently on day 5. acceleration of ige responses was dependent on the dose of ril-3 injected. treatment of mice with a total of 10(3) units ril-3 could accelerate ige responses. ige responses were detect ...	1996	8675221
lung eosinophilia in response to intravenously injected trichinella spiralis.	mice were injected intravenously with killed muscle-stage larvae of the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis. this induced eosinophilic lung inflammation, the degree of eosinophilia was detected and measured by broncho-alveolar lavage. subsequent in vivo restimulation by trichinella antigens produced an enhanced lung response, showing that exposure to killed larvae generated an effective immunological memory. the kinetics and characteristics of the eosinophil response suggested that it was lo ...	1996	8688865
the influence of the invasion of trichinella sp. on immunologic reactions in mice: 1. analysis of the reaction of skin allograft rejection.		1996	8689523
medical microbiology	this chapter reviews the more common zoonoses caused by enteric nematodes of lower animals. humans are not natural hosts for these parasites. human infections are accidental, and the human disease may or may not resemble that of the animal host. to understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these zoonoses, one must understand the life cycle of the involved nematode in its natural animal host and in humans. some ...	1996	21413310
detection of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in naturally infected horses.	human trichinellosis outbreaks related to horsemeat consumption have been reported in france and italy in recent years. in order to determine if trichinella is present in horses slaughtered at an abattoir in the state of mexico, diaphragm muscle tissue samples (22-37 g) from 80 horses were examined by artificial digestion. four of these samples had larvae that were characterized as trichinella sp. by morphological criteria and as trichinella spiralis by the polymerase chain reaction.	1995	7472874
[the distribution of trichinella nativa, t. nelsoni and t. pseudospiralis in eurasia].	a hundred and forty-six isolates of trichinella from various regions of eurasia have been identified by the crossbreeding method (1 male + 1 female). three independent species of trichinella: t. nativa, t. nelsoni, and t. pseudospiralis were found to parasite on the animals of this continent. the former two are dominant species of different territories. t. nativa occupies the whole continental zone to the north and the north-east of the isotherm minus 5-6 degrees c in january and t. nelsoni popu ...	1995	7476675
[the synthesis and study of the acute toxicity and anthelmintic activity of new 2-methylthiobenzimidazoles].	several derivatives of 2-methylthiobenzimidazoles were synthesized and assayed for anthelmintic activity. following these studies, 2-methylthio-5-(1-chloronaphthyloxy-2)-6-chlorobenzimidazole (g-1557) has been selected as a tichinellacide for detailed investigations.	1995	7476681
purification and preliminary characterization of a protease from the excretion-secretion products of trichinella spiralis muscle-stage larvae.	a protease from excretion-secretion products of trichinella spiralis muscle-stage larvae was purified by continuous elution electrophoresis. the state of purification was analyzed electrophoretically using one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the purified enzyme was shown to be a single polypeptide with an estimated molecular mass of 35 kda and isoelectric point of 6.2. following purification, the enzyme activity was measured by hydrolysis of gelati ...	1995	7483238
[characterization of surface antigens of the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis: study of its role in protection mechanisms and their usefulness in the diagnosis of trichinosis].	among the most important aspects in the study of trichinosis are the development of specific and sensitive diagnostic methods for the detection of the infection by the parasite as well as the characterization of antigens from trichinella spiralis that induce protection in the host. in the context, the characterization of surface stichosome and excretory secretory antigens of t. spiralis muscle larvae has been an important issue due to the high immunogenicity of such components in most hosts so f ...	1995	7493736
[edema of the lower limbs revealing trichinosis identified by duodenal biopsy].		1995	7501630
patterns of cytokine mrna in trichinella spiralis infected rats.		1995	7502935
altered neuropeptide content and cholinergic enzymatic activity in the inflamed guinea pig jejunum during parasitism.	we investigated the effects of an enteric infection with the parasitic nematode, trichinella spiralis, on peptidergic and cholinergic neural pathways of the guinea pig jejunum. the content of the enteric neuropeptides, substance p (sp) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip), and the activities of the key cholinergic enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (ache) and choline acetyltransferase (chat), were measured and compared in extracts of jejunal muscularis externa (me) obtained from uninfected jejunum ...	1995	7541515
stem cell factor contributes to intestinal mucosal mast cell hyperplasia in rats infected with nippostrongylus brasiliensis or trichinella spiralis, but anti-stem cell factor treatment decreases parasite egg production during n brasiliensis infection.	we assessed the effects of the c-kit ligand, stem cell factor (scf), in the jejunal mucosal mast cell hyperplasia that occurs during infection with the intestinal nematodes, nippostrongylus brasiliensis or trichinella spiralis in rats. compared with vehicle-treated rats, rats treated with scf (25 micrograms/kg/d, intravenous [i.v.] for 14 days) during n brasiliensis infection exhibited significantly higher levels of the rat mucosal mast cell (mmc)-associated protease, rat mast cell protease ii ( ...	1995	7544650
progesterone modulation of anaphylactically induced ion transport in uterus and intestine.	the objective of this study was to investigate the role of progesterone in modulating electrophysiological responses to antigenic challenge that are reflective of immune functions in uterine and jejunal mucosae. in the rat-trichinella spiralis, host-parasite system, an enteric infection with a microscopic nematode sensitizes both the jejunum and uterus. electrophysiological correlates of local anaphylaxis or type i hypersensitivity were monitored in vitro throughout the estrus cycle and during p ...	1995	7549500
suppression of transplant immunity in experimental trichinellosis.	skin allograft rejection in balb/c and c57bl/6j mice following experimental infection with 300 larvae of trichinella spiralis or trichinella pseudospiralis was studied. skin grafts from normal c57bl/6j mice were transplanted to infected balb/c mice and vice versa at days 3, 10, 20 and 30 post-infection. the clinical criteria for graft rejection, scarring and graft falling, were followed. the results indicated that t. spiralis and t. pseudospiralis infections induced a significant delay in graft ...	1995	7554818
antibody response to a protease secreted by trichinella spiralis muscle larvae.	in the present study we analyzed the humoral response of trichinella spiralis-infected mice to a 35-kda protease (purified from the excretory-secretory products of t. spiralis muscle larvae) by a western-blot procedure and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique using a panel of postinfection mouse anti-trichinella sera. the results demonstrated that this response was time-dependent and that infected mice could be distinguished from controls. in addition, inhibition assays demonst ...	1995	7567916
prevalence of igg antibodies to trichinella spiralis in dogs in macedonia, northern greece.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect t. spiralis infection in dogs, using larval t. spiralis excretory-secretory (es) antigen. forty-three (4.3%) dog sera out of 1000 revealed the presence of igg t. spiralis. the positive sera were distributed in three groups; 21 (2.1%) weakly positive, 14 (1.4%) moderately positive, and eight (0.8%) strongly positive.	1995	7571342
short report: an outbreak of trichinosis in navarra, spain.	trichinosis is an infection contracted by ingestion of meat containing viable larvae of the nematode trichinella spiralis. this report concerns an outbreak of infections with this parasite in navarra, spain that was associated with home-prepared pork products. after the detection of a person with trichinosis, a study of all subjects that had ingested meat from the presumably infected pork was carried out. forty-four members of eight families were enrolled in the study. ten had symptoms suggestiv ...	1995	7573704
a study on patients with eosinophilia of suspected parasitic origin.	a study of 53 patients with eosinophilia of suspected parasitic origin was conducted. investigations done for each case included, stool and urine examinations, absolute eosinophilic count and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (ciep) using crude antigens of fasciola hepatica, schistosoma mansoni worms, trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis larvae, and hydatid fluid. stool examination revealed six cases with fasciola eggs, two with ascaris lumbricoides and one with s. mansoni eggs. the eosino ...	1995	7602166
a method for isolation and partial purification of trichinella spiralis nurse cells.	invasion of vertebrate muscle cells by larvae of trichinella spiralis is accompanied by redifferentiation of the host myofiber into a novel structure called the nurse cell. the nurse cell protects and nurtures the enclosed parasite during its long stay in host muscle. it is anatomically independent of the surrounding uninfected muscle cells and can be isolated from host tissue by mechanical or enzymatic means. current methods employed for this purpose have yielded only small numbers of nurse cel ...	1995	7623214
experimental colitis alters myenteric nerve function at inflamed and noninflamed sites in the rat.	studies in inflammatory bowel disease have shown extensive structural abnormalities in the enteric nervous system of inflamed and noninflamed gut; however, functional correlates are lacking. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of colitis on myenteric nerve function at inflamed and noninflamed sites in rat intestine.	1995	7657099
the effect of flubendazole on the course of trichinella spiralis infection in mice: parasitological study.	this work planned to study the effect of flubendazole against different stages of trichinella spiralis infection in mice. three groups of experimental animals were examined: control group, group i treated three days post infection and group ii treated four week post infection. in group i, flubendazole was shown to be a very potent agent in killing trichinella spiralis adults and larvae, when given orally in a dose of 20 mg/kg for five consecutive days. this is evidenced by the significant reduct ...	1995	7665941
inhibition of neutrophil oxidative metabolism by trichinellosis patient sera. parasite origin or host induction?	the presence of sera factors able to inhibit both neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis was observed in all patients studied at two months from infection caused by trichinella britovi and in most of them after one year. human neutrophils with eosinophils are able to kill t. spiralis newborn larvae in an adcc system and their major cytotoxic mechanism is oxidative metabolism products. we evaluated the effect of trichinellosis sera on neutrophil oxidative burst to determine if neutrophils are aff ...	1995	7675512
proteinases in the excretory/secretory products (es) of adult trichinella spiralis.	adult trichinella spiralis were maintained in vitro using defined media and the material excreted/secreted (es) during this time examined for proteolytic enzyme (proteinase) activity using an azocasein assay and gelatin-substrate gels. several discrete proteinases in the size range 14-100 kda were observed with optimal activity at ph 7.5. the use of a class-differentiating panel of proteinase inhibitors indicated that serine proteinases were predominant although some inhibition was evident in th ...	1995	7675535
trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis induce collagen synthesis by host fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo.	immunoperoxidase staining of muscle infected with trichinella spiralis for murine collagen types i and iv provided both qualitative and quantitative evidence of extensive synthesis of both types of collagen by fibroblasts in infected muscle compared to that seen in uninfected muscle. moreover, fibroblasts in muscle infected with t. pseudospiralis, a nonencapsulating species, showed significantly less staining for both types of collagen compared to muscle from mice infected with t. spiralis. anal ...	1995	8719950
molecular analysis of antigens targeted by protective antibodies in rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis [mol. biochem. parasitol. 65 (1994) 201].		1995	8577344
restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of genomic dna of 5 strains of trichinella spiralis in china.	five restriction endonucleases were used to digest genomic dna from 5 isolates of trichinella spiralis obtained from changchun, tianjin, xian, henan and yunnan. all the isolates were secured from pigs except the changchun strain which came from dog. the dna fragments digested by endonuclease were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. the changchun isolate had a ecori band at 1.12kb and a drai band at 1.97kb which were unique to this isolate. a cloned specific repetitive dna sequence (1.12kb) ...	1995	8580480
four outbreaks of human trichinellosis in henan province.	four outbreaks of human trichinellosis caused by eating pork together had occurred successively in two rural areas and two cities of henan province, where the disease is endemic. of the 110 persons involved, 54 had the onset. all of them had the history of eating pork. in the outbreak of dengzhou, in those persons who dined together, men were all uninfected and 13 women were infected. the difference found between sexes was suggested to be related with spirit drinking. in these 54 patients, the l ...	1995	8585984
ultrastructural study of trichinella spiralis with emphasis on adult female reproductive organs.	the ultrastructure of the reproductive organs of adult female t. spiralis was described on the basis of extensive observation under an electron microscope. the organisms were recovered from the host intestine 7 days after oral infection. the organs consisted of a single ovary, seminal receptacle, uterus and vagina, confirming the reports described by previous authors at light microscopical level. all the organs were surrounded by a basal lamina and epithelial cells, and were bathed in haemolymph ...	1995	8522769
anti-nematode activity of sixteen compounds against trichinella spiralis in mice--a possible new screen for macrofilaricides.	there are few small animals models for filariasis, even more so for onchocerciasis. therefore it is difficult to test under drug screening conditions large numbers of potentially macrofilaricidal compounds. one way around this difficulty is to use mice infected with trichinella spiralis which by reason of anatomical location in the host would show some correlation in antinematode activity between the test and target organisms. this study investigated the activity of 16 compounds against the imma ...	1995	8525399
detection of circulating trichinella spiralis muscle larva antigens in serum samples of experimentally and naturally infected swine.	a follow up study was carried out to determine the kinetics of appearance of surface/stichosomal (s/s) components, recently included in the tsl-1 group of trichinella spiralis muscle larva (ml), in serum samples from 13 experimentally infected pigs. detection of circulating antigens in these animals was done by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using t. spiralis specific rabbit polyclonal immunoglobulins to capture free antigens and monoclonal antibody nim-m1 to recognize s/s ...	1995	8533271
a role for second messengers in the control of activation-associated modification of the surface of trichinella spiralis infective larvae.	the involvement of second messengers in the control of activation-induced changes to the surface of trichinella spiralis infective larvae was investigated using membrane-permeant photo-activatable 'caged' compounds to alter intracellular levels of inositol trisphosphate (ip3), calcium ions (ca2+) and cyclic amp (camp). activation of larvae by incubation in culture medium containing trypsin and bile was followed by the loss of the surface coat labelled with the fluorescent pkh26 lipid probe and t ...	1995	8538685
molecular cloning and expression of an immunodominant 53-kda excretory-secretory antigen from trichinella spiralis muscle larvae.		1995	8538697
oral and parenteral vaccination against trichinella spiralis infections in high- and low-responder mice.	vaccination by different routes and with different adjuvants is known to influence profiles of immune responses and may be used to overcome genetically determined low-responsiveness to infection. a mouse model of infection with the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis was used to investigate the effect of mode of vaccination upon immune responsiveness and worm expulsion phenotype in high- (nih) and low- (c57 bl/10) responder strains of mice. muscle larval homogenate antigen was given subcuta ...	1995	8550299
[characteristics and recent trends in endemicity of human parasitic diseases in china].	an analysis of the nationwide survey of the distribution of human parasites in the light of the literature previously published, two major trends in the endemicity of parasitic diseases in china was observed. for one trend, the infection rate of e. histolytica, fasciolopsis buski and soil-transmitted helminthasis etc. declined markedly. the second trend was that the prevalence of food-transmitted parasitic diseases (trichinella spiralis, clonorchis sinensis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis) and hy ...	1995	8556800
concurrent infection with sibling trichinella species in a natural host.	random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of individual trichinella muscle larvae, collected from several sylvatic and domestic animals in estonia, revealed concurrent infection of a racoon dog with trichinella nativa and trichinella britovi. this finding provides strong support for their taxonomic ranking as sibling species. these 2 species appear uniformly distributed among sylvatic animals through estonia, while trichinella spiralis appears restricted to the domestic habitat.	1995	8557472
high levels of protection induced by a 40-mer synthetic peptide vaccine against the intestinal nematode parasite trichinella spiralis.	parenteral vaccination, using a 40-mer synthetic peptide from a 43,000 mw immunodominant glycoprotein secreted by the intestinal nematode parasite trichinella spiralis, induced high levels of protection against a subsequent challenge infection in mice. the expulsion of adult worms from the gut was accelerated following vaccination with peptide 40-80, but peptides 81-120 and 121-160 were not protective. mesenteric lymph node cells taken from t. spiralis-infected mice showed some proliferation in ...	1995	8567011
ultrastructural colocalization of phosphorylcholine and a phosphorylcholine-associated epitope in first-stage larvae of trichinella spiralis.	although the presence of phosphorylcholine (pc) in trichinella is well established, the structures of the tsl-4 antigens that bear this epitope are unknown. a subset of tsl-4 antigens (tsl-8 antigens) has been reported to be absent from the surface of first-stage t. spiralis larvae. we report experiments with a monoclonal antibody (mab us2) developed in mice with a relative inability to produce antibodies to pc. in immunoblotting, mab us2 and anti-pc mab (bh8) showed apparently identical binding ...	1995	8570578
effect of three immunostimulants on the resistance against trichinella spiralis infection in mice. (preliminary report).	twenty eight nih mice were divided into four groups of seven animals each. mice in groups were injected intraperitoneally with freund's complete adjuvant (fca), concanavalin a (con a), equimune (ei) and phosphate buffered saline (pbs), respectively, 7 days before infection with 300 trichinella spiralis infective larvae per animal. forty two days after infection all mice were sacrificed and processed by artificial digestion to determine the number of larvae per gram (lpg) of muscle tissue. the me ...	1995	7711455
investigation of cross-reactions against trichinella spiralis antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay in patients with various diseases.	data regarding cross-reactions against trichinella spiralis in humans are scarce and controversial. for this reason, we tested serum samples from patients with typhoid fever, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, amoebiasis, cysticercosis, trichocephaliasis, ascariasis, and onchocerciasis against an antigenic extract of t. spiralis infective larvae in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) assay. all except one serum sample from the group of pat ...	1995	7719905
trichinella spiralis: cloning and characterisation of two repetitive dna sequences.	digestion of genomic dna of trichinella spiralis with ecori reveals the presence of several families of repetitive dna. two small repeats of 516 and 604 bp, respectively, have been cloned and sequenced. the two repeats are related to each other and to a 1.1-kb repetitive dna. similar sequences are not detected in other species by hybridisation. there are about 270 copies of each small repeat per haploid genome and these are organised in large arrays of > or = 50 kb. the basic repetitive unit app ...	1995	7729484
host resistance to trichinella spiralis infection in rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd).	we have previously shown decreased resistance to trichinella spiralis (ts) infection and reduced parasite antigen-specific responses in b6c3f1 mice exposed to tcdd before infection. the current study was done to characterize the effects of preinfection administration of 1, 10, or 30 micrograms tcdd/kg on host resistance of female f344 rats to ts infection and to examine parasite antigen-specific responses in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected animals. tcdd exposure did not affect ...	1995	7737439
[chronic endometriosis caused by trichinella spiralis. report of a case].	a case of endometrial trichinosis is reported; the patient lived rear cd. delicias, chih., an endemic area for trichinosis. a 38 years old obese, diabetic woman, with high blood pressure, used to eat frequently pork meat and its products; she presented with abnormal genital bleeding, abdominal pain, and pelvic congestion. histerectomy was performed. pathological study of the uterus showed trichinella spiralis larvae with microcalcifications, and lymphocytic infiltration in basal endometrium. as ...	1995	7744289
host resistance models.		1995	7748603
immunity to trichinella spiralis transferred by serum from vaccinated mice not protected by immunization.	serum antibody responses to infection with the intestinal helminth trichinella spiralis in mice remain at low levels for the first ten to 12 days, slowly increasing to high titres around day 20. it is thought that antibody, therefore, has a limited role in the primary immune response raised against this infection and this is confirmed by the inability of primary infection serum to transfer immunity adoptively. high-responder nih and low-responder b10 mice were vaccinated with t.spiralis antigen ...	1995	7761112
interleukin 1 beta induces the expression of interleukin 6 in rat intestinal smooth muscle cells.	the increased expression of several cytokines, including interleukin 6 (il-6), has recently been reported in a study of the longitudinal muscle and myenteric plexus layers of rat intestine following trichinella spiralis infection. however, the putative cellular sources and the mechanism underlying the induction of il-6 in these tissues are presently unknown. the aim of this study was to examine the ability of cultured smooth muscle cells from rat jejunum to produce il-6 messenger rna and protein ...	1995	7768376
immunodiagnosis of human trichinellosis and identification of specific antigen for trichinella spiralis.	crude antigens obtained from the infective stage larvae of trichinella spiralis were used in an elisa for detecting igg antibodies to t. spiralis in serum samples collected from three groups of individuals. the individuals of the first group were parasitologically confirmed trichinellosis patients, while those of group 2 were patients with other helminthiasis and group 3 were healthy, parasite-free individuals. the specificity of the assay was 96.8% when performed on sera of groups 2 and 3. cros ...	1995	7797378
immune response profiles in vaccinated and non-vaccinated high- and low-responder mice during infection with the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis.	nih and c57 bl/10 (b10) mice show genetically determined differences in their response to trichinella spiralis infection. this study examines the influence of these on parameters of the immune response to infection after vaccination using muscle-larval excretory-secretory antigen in freund's complete adjuvant. serum antibody levels were greatly elevated when mice of both strains were vaccinated prior to infection; however, nih produced significantly higher-level antibody responses than b10. vacc ...	1995	7845715
immune cytotoxic activity of human eosinophils against trichinella spiralis newborn larvae.	the ability of human eosinophils to kill the newborn larvae (nbl) of trichinella spiralis of different maturation status, in the presence of antibody, was studied. a cytotoxic in vitro test was performed using nbl less than 2 h of age (nbl2) or nbl maintained in culture at 37 degrees c for 20 h (nbl20), peripheral blood eosinophils, anti-trichinella serum and human fresh serum as source of complement. under these experimental conditions eosinophils from normal individuals attached to nbl2 as wel ...	1995	8817601
stem cell factor dependent hyperplasia of mucosal-type mast cells but not eosinophils in schistosoma mansoni-infected rats.	stem cell factor (scf) is a growth factor with multiple activities which acts on numerous cell types including primordial germ cells, haemopoietic stem cells, melanocytes and mast cells. scf is critical for the development of the mast cell hyperplasia associated with infection with the intestinal parasites nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichinella spiralis. in the present study we have assessed the role of scf in the mast cell and eosinophil responses to schistosoma mansoni in the rat by bloc ...	1995	8817606
histochemical investigations of the biochemical defence mechanism in experimental trichinellosis: i. peroxidase activity.	biological reactions caused by free radicals at the molecular and cellular levels engage many different biochemical components which can be directly damaged by the oxidizing radicals and which eventually promote pathological processes. defence mechanisms have evolved to limit the speed of production of free radical damage; they include low molecular antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. in this study, the activity of peroxidase acting against peroxides appearing in muscle of mice at different st ...	1995	8826111
histochemical investigations of the biochemical defence mechanism in experimental trichinellosis: ii. prostaglandin synthase activity.	in this paper, we report on the histochemical localization of prostaglandin synthase (e. c. 1.14.99.1) in mouse muscles following infection with trichinella spiralis and the dynamics of their changes at different stages of disease. our studies suggest that increased level of prostaglandin synthase activity in infected muscles of mice may be correlated with the degree of muscle injury by larvae and, perhaps, that increased level of enzyme ameliorates the functioning of muscle. the dynamics of pro ...	1995	8826112
[the efficiency of the serological reactions with trichinella spiralis somatic antigen in the diagnosis of human trichinelliasis caused by infection with natural and synanthropic trichinella isolates].	the efficiency of serological tests (enzyme immuno-assay (eia) and indirect hemagglutination test (ihat)) using the antigen t.spiralis was examined on 318 sera from trichinosis patients infected via pork meat and on 112 sera from those infected via wild animal meat. this was estimated at 85.6 and 84.8% with eia and 93.0 and 85.7% with ihat in the two groups, respectively. to enhance the efficiency of serological diagnosis of trichinosis, it is recommended that eia and ihat should be used concurr ...	1995	8596508
[trichinosis outbreak in purranque county, x region, chile. october-november, 1992].	an outbreak of trichinosis occurred in purranque county, x region, chile, between october and november of 1992, which involved 36 persons. the incubation period, determined by the clinical picture and laboratory assays, fluctuated between 10 and 12 days. myalgias (88.9%) and palpebral oedema (86.1%), were the most important symptoms, followed by fever (44.4%) and headache (33.3%). eosinophils count ranged from two to 42% the first week, and this value raised to 55% the second week of the outbrea ...	1994	7632339
[epidemiology of trichinosis in chile. prevalence study by immunodiagnostic reactions].	in the period 1983-1994 a series of seroepidemiological surveys, by using immunodiagnostic tests for trichinosis, was carried out in 138 localities and health institutions from the 13 regions of the country. thus, a total of 12,882 randomly selected persons, with different sex and age distribution, were submitted to precipitin test and indirect hemagglutination test for trichinosis. one hundred and ninety one (1.5%) persons resulted positive for trichinosis. higher rates of infection were observ ...	1994	7654290
substance-p-mediated intestinal inflammation: inhibitory effects of cp 96,345 and sms 201-995.	the proinflammatory peptide substance p (sp) has been shown to be intimately involved in the local inflammatory processes of trichinella-spiralis-induced murine intestinal inflammation. significant increases in sp, increased myeloperoxidase levels coupled with local morphological deterioration of the jejunum and impaired lymphocyte responses to exogenous sp in vitro have been associated with the model. we have recently determined that the elimination of increased levels of sp via anti-sp antibod ...	1994	7545531