Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| bioassay-guided fractionation and in vivo antiplasmodial effect of fractions of chloroform extract of artemisia maciverae linn. | in the search for new plant-derived anti-malarial compounds, chromatographic fractions of chloroform extract of whole plants of artemisia maciverae were tested in vivo using chloroquine resistant and chloroquine sensitive plasmodium berghei nk 65 infected swiss albino mice. one fraction and a sub-fraction of this were most active at 10/mg and cleared parasitemia in mice within 3 days. the different fractions and sub-fractions were tested with different reagents to determine the broad classes of ... | 2009 | 19695214 |
| pathogenic roles of cd14, galectin-3, and ox40 during experimental cerebral malaria in mice. | an in-depth knowledge of the host molecules and biological pathways that contribute towards the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria would help guide the development of novel prognostics and therapeutics. genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the brain tissue during experimental cerebral malaria (ecm ) caused by plasmodium berghei anka parasites in mice, a well established surrogate of human cerebral malaria, has been useful in predicting the functional classes of genes involved and pathways alte ... | 2009 | 19710907 |
| quantitative assessment of dna replication to monitor microgametogenesis in plasmodium berghei. | targeting the crucial step of plasmodium transition from vertebrate host to mosquito vector is a promising approach to eliminate malaria. uptake by the mosquito activates gametocytes within seconds, and in the case of male (micro) gametocytes leads to rapid dna replication and the release of eight flagellated gametes. we developed a sensitive assay to monitor p. berghei microgametocyte activation based on [(3)h]hypoxanthine incorporation into dna. optimal ph range and xanthurenic acid concentrat ... | 2009 | 19712704 |
| cd8 t cell immunity to plasmodium permits generation of protective antibodies after repeated sporozoite challenge. | individuals living in malaria endemic areas are subject to repeated infections yet fail to develop sterilizing immunity, however, immunization of mice with attenuated sporozoites or subunit vaccines has shown the ability to protect mice against a sporozoite challenge. we recently reported that mice primed with dendritic cells coated with the dominant circumsporozoite cd8 t cell epitope from plasmodium berghei followed by a boost with recombinant listeria monocytogenes expressing the same epitope ... | 2009 | 19712771 |
| construction of transgenic plasmodium berghei as a model for evaluation of blood-stage vaccine candidate of plasmodium falciparum chimeric protein 2.9. | the function of the 19 kda c-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1-19) expressed by plasmodium has been demonstrated to be conserved across distantly related plasmodium species. the green fluorescent protein (gfp) is a reporter protein that has been widely used because it can be easily detected in living organisms by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. | 2009 | 19727400 |
| paternal effect of the nuclear formin-like protein misfit on plasmodium development in the mosquito vector. | malaria parasites must undergo sexual and sporogonic development in mosquitoes before they can infect their vertebrate hosts. we report the discovery and characterization of misfit, the first protein with paternal effect on the development of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei in anopheles mosquitoes. misfit is expressed in male gametocytes and localizes to the nuclei of male gametocytes, zygotes and ookinetes. gene disruption results in mutant ookinetes with reduced genome content, ... | 2009 | 19662167 |
| anopheles gambiae pgrplc-mediated defense against bacteria modulates infections with malaria parasites. | recognition of peptidoglycan (pgn) is paramount for insect antibacterial defenses. in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, the transmembrane pgn recognition protein lc (pgrp-lc) is a receptor of the imd signaling pathway that is activated after infection with bacteria, mainly gram-negative (gram-). here we demonstrate that bacterial infections of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae are sensed by the orthologous pgrplc protein which then activates a signaling pathway that involves the rel/nf ... | 2009 | 19662170 |
| ca/c1 peptidases of the malaria parasites plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei and their mammalian hosts--a bioinformatical analysis. | in genome-wide screens we studied ca/c1 peptidases of malaria-causing plasmodia and their hosts (man and mouse). for plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei, several new ca/c1 peptidase genes encoding proteases of the l- and b-family with specific promoter modules were identified. in addition, two new human ca/c1 peptidase loci and one new mouse gene locus were found; otherwise, the sets of ca/c1 peptidase genes in man and mouse seem to be complete now. in each species studied there is a multitude ... | 2009 | 19663681 |
| primaquine dipeptide derivatives bearing an imidazolidin-4-one moiety at the n-terminus as potential antimalarial prodrugs. | primaquine dipeptide derivatives bearing an imidazolidin-4-one moiety at the n-terminus were synthesized and evaluated as potential transmission-blocking antimalarial prodrugs. all compounds were hydrolyzed to the parent dipeptide derivative of primaquine in neutral and basic solutions, with half lives ranging from 0.7 to 31 h at 37 degrees c, depending on the nature of the substituents present in the imidazolidin-4-one moiety and in the c-terminal amino acid directly coupled to primaquine. the ... | 2009 | 19232784 |
| variant-specific immunity to plasmodium berghei in pregnant mice. | we have investigated the immunological basis of pregnancy-related plasmodium berghei recrudescence in immune mice with substantial preexisting immunity. specifically, we examined the relevance of this experimental model to the study of pregnancy-associated malaria (pam) caused by p. falciparum in women with substantial preexisting protective immunity. we used mice with immunity induced prior to pregnancy and employed flow cytometry to assess their levels of immunoglobulin g (igg) recognizing ant ... | 2009 | 19237516 |
| polymeric linear peptide chimeric vaccine-induced antimalaria immunity is associated with enhanced in vitro antigen loading. | immunization of mice with plasmodium berghei or plasmodium yoelii synthetic linear peptide chimeras (lpcs) based on the circumsporozoite protein protects against experimental challenge with viable sporozoites. the immunogenicity of lpcs is significantly enhanced by spontaneous polymerization. to better understand the antigenic properties of polymeric antimalarial peptides, we studied the immune responses elicited in mice immunized with a polymer or a monomer of a linear peptide construct specifi ... | 2009 | 19237530 |
| glatiramer acetate reduces the risk for experimental cerebral malaria: a pilot study. | cerebral malaria (cm) is associated with high mortality and morbidity caused by a high rate of transient or persistent neurological sequelae. studies on immunomodulatory and neuroprotective drugs as ancillary treatment in murine cm indicate promising potential. the current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of glatiramer acetate (ga), an immunomodulatory drug approved for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, in preventing the death of c57bl/6j mice infected with pla ... | 2009 | 19250545 |
| influence of paclitaxel on parasitemia and survival of plasmodium berghei infected mice. | paclitaxel triggers suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by exposure of phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface and cell shrinkage. eryptosis of infected erythrocytes may delay development of parasitemia and thus favourably influence the course of malaria. the present study explored whether paclitaxel influences in vitro parasite growth and eryptosis of plasmodium falciparum infected human erythrocytes and in vivo parasitemia and survival of plasmodium berghei infected mi ... | 2009 | 19255513 |
| isolation and identification of a potent antimalarial and antibacterial polyacetylene from bidens pilosa. | diseases caused by malaria parasites and pathogenic bacteria were thought to be on the brink of eradication in the 1950-1960s, but they have once again become a serious threat to mankind as a result of the appearance of multidrug resistant strains. the spread of these multidrug resistant organisms has prompted a worldwide search for new classes of effective antimalarial and antibacterial drugs. natural products have been recognized as highly important candidates for this purpose. our attention h ... | 2009 | 19263339 |
| leucine-rich repeat protein complex activates mosquito complement in defense against plasmodium parasites. | leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins are central to host defense in plants and animals. we show that in the mosquito anopheles gambiae, two such proteins that antagonize malaria parasite infections, lrim1 and apl1c, circulate in the hemolymph as a high-molecular-weight complex held together by disulfide bridges. the complex interacts with the complement c3-like protein, tep1, promoting its cleavage or stabilization and its subsequent localization on the surface of midgut-invading plasmodium b ... | 2009 | 19264986 |
| cd27 is a thymic determinant of the balance between interferon-gamma- and interleukin 17-producing gammadelta t cell subsets. | the production of cytokines such as interferon-gamma and interleukin 17 by alphabeta and gammadelta t cells influences the outcome of immune responses. here we show that most gammadelta t lymphocytes expressed the tumor necrosis factor receptor family member cd27 and secreted interferon-gamma, whereas interleukin 17 production was restricted to cd27(-) gammadelta t cells. in contrast to the apparent plasticity of alphabeta t cells, the cytokine profiles of these distinct gammadelta t cell subset ... | 2009 | 19270712 |
| plasmodium berghei: efficacy of 5-fluoroorotate in combination with commonly used antimalarial drugs in a mouse model. | resistance to antimalarial antifolates necessitates a search for new antimetabolites targeting other enzymes of the folate metabolic pathway. in this study, 5-fluoroorotate (foa), reported to be an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, was assayed against plasmodium berghei nk 65 in mice, with(out) an oral uridine supplement. foa (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg bw.) was tested alone, or in a double and triple combination with a fixed oral dose of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg of pyrimethamine (pyr); 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg of d ... | 2009 | 19271282 |
| a possible mechanism for the suppression of plasmodium berghei development in the mosquito anopheles gambiae by the microsporidian vavraia culicis. | microsporidian parasites of mosquitoes offer a possible way of controlling malaria, as they impede the development of plasmodium parasites within the mosquito. the mechanism involved in this interference process is unknown. | 2009 | 19277119 |
| caspar controls resistance to plasmodium falciparum in diverse anopheline species. | immune responses mounted by the malaria vector anopheles gambiae are largely regulated by the toll and imd (immune deficiency) pathways via the nf-kappab transcription factors rel1 and rel2, which are controlled by the negative regulators cactus and caspar, respectively. rel1- and rel2-dependent transcription in a. gambiae has been shown to be particularly critical to the mosquito's ability to manage infection with the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. using rna interference to deplete ... | 2009 | 19282971 |
| synthesis, antimalarial activity, and preclinical pharmacology of a novel series of 4'-fluoro and 4'-chloro analogues of amodiaquine. identification of a suitable "back-up" compound for n-tert-butyl isoquine. | on the basis of a mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of the 4-aminoquinoline amodiaquine (1b), three series of amodiaquine analogues have been prepared where the 4-aminophenol "metabolic alert" has been modified by replacement of the 4'-hydroxy group with a hydrogen, fluorine, or chlorine atom. following antimalarial assessment and studies on mechanism of action, two candidates were selected for detailed adme studies and in vitro and in vivo toxicological assessment. 4'-fluoro-n-tert-buty ... | 2009 | 19284751 |
| host cell entry by apicomplexa parasites requires actin polymerization in the host cell. | apicomplexa are obligate intracellular parasites that actively invade host cells using their membrane-associated, actin-myosin motor. the current view is that host cell invasion by apicomplexa requires the formation of a parasite-host cell junction, which has been termed the moving junction, but does not require the active participation of host actin. using toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and plasmodium berghei sporozoites, we show that host actin participates in parasite entry. parasites induce t ... | 2009 | 19286135 |
| plasmodium chabaudi: expression of active recombinant chabaupain-1 and localization studies in anopheles sp. | plasmodium cysteine proteases have been shown to be immunogenic and are being used as malaria potential serodiagnostic markers and vaccine targets. genes encoding two plasmodium chabaudi cysteine proteases chabaupain-1 (cp-1) and chabaupain-2 (cp-2) were identified and further expressed in escherichia coli. solubilisation of recombinant cp-1 and cp-2 was achieved by decreasing the temperature of induction. anopheles gambiae tissues infected with plasmodium were analyzed by western blotting using ... | 2009 | 19292986 |
| identification of a metabolically stable triazolopyrimidine-based dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor with antimalarial activity in mice. | plasmodium falciparum causes 1-2 million deaths annually. yet current drug therapies are compromised by resistance. we previously described potent and selective triazolopyrimidine-based inhibitors of p. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (pfdhodh) that inhibited parasite growth in vitro; however, they showed no activity in vivo. here we show that lack of efficacy against p. berghei in mice resulted from a combination of poor plasma exposure and reduced potency against p. berghei dhodh. for ... | 2009 | 19296651 |
| antiplasmodial and antidiabetic activities of ethanolic leaf extract of heinsia crinata. | the ethanolic leaf extract of heinsia crinata, grown particularly for the leaf in niger delta region of nigeria, was evaluated for antiplasmodial activity in plasmodium berghei-infected mice as well as for hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. h. crinata (450-1,350 mg/kg/day) exhibited significant (p < .05) blood schizonticidal activity in both the 4-day early infection test and established infection with a considerable mean survival time, though not comparab ... | 2009 | 19298206 |
| macromolecular prodrugs. xii. primaquine conjugates: synthesis and preliminary antimalarial evaluation. | new primaquine conjugates 5-7 with glucosamine and two polymers of polyaspartamide type, poly[alpha,beta-(n-2-hydroxyethyl-dl-aspartamide)] (phea) and poly[alpha,beta-(n-3-hydroxypropyl-dl-aspartamide)] (phpa), were synthesized, characterized and screened for their antimalarial activity. the conjugates differed in the type of covalent bonding, length of the spacer between the polymeric carrier and drug, molecular mass and drug-loading. blood-schizontocidal activity of the prepared conjugates was ... | 2009 | 19304563 |
| dissection of mechanisms involved in the regulation of plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase 4. | recent studies have demonstrated that calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are used by calcium to regulate a variety of biological processes in the malaria parasite plasmodium. cdpk4 has emerged as an important enzyme for parasite development, because its gene disruption in rodent parasite plasmodium berghei causes major defects in sexual differentiation of the parasite ( billker, o., dechamps, s., tewari, r., wenig, g., franke-fayard, b., and brinkmann, v. (2004) cell 117, 503-514 ). despi ... | 2009 | 19307175 |
| plasmodium berghei anka: selection of resistance to piperaquine and lumefantrine in a mouse model. | we have selected piperaquine (pq) and lumefantrine (lm) resistant plasmodium berghei anka parasite lines in mice by drug pressure. effective doses that reduce parasitaemia by 90% (ed(90)) of pq and lm against the parent line were 3.52 and 3.93 mg/kg, respectively. after drug pressure (more than 27 passages), the selected parasite lines had pq and lm resistance indexes (i(90)) [ed(90) of resistant line/ed(90) of parent line] of 68.86 and 63.55, respectively. after growing them in the absence of d ... | 2009 | 19318094 |
| characterization of cerebral malaria in the outbred swiss webster mouse infected by plasmodium berghei anka. | plasmodium berghei anka (pba) infection in susceptible inbred mouse strains is the most commonly used experimental model to study pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (cm). indeed, many concepts on mechanisms related to this complication have arisen from works using this model. although inbred strains present several advantages and are indicated for most studies, the use of outbred models can show unique usefulness in a number of approaches such as fine post-quantitative trait loci mapping and disco ... | 2009 | 19335550 |
| a small molecule inhibitor of signal peptide peptidase inhibits plasmodium development in the liver and decreases malaria severity. | the liver stage of plasmodium's life cycle is the first, obligatory step in malaria infection. decreasing the hepatic burden of plasmodium infection decreases the severity of disease and constitutes a promising strategy for malaria prophylaxis. the efficacy of the gamma-secretase and signal peptide peptidase inhibitor ly411,575 in targeting plasmodium liver stages was evaluated both in human hepatoma cell lines and in mouse primary hepatocytes. ly411,575 was found to prevent plasmodium's normal ... | 2009 | 19337374 |
| antigen presentation by dendritic cells in vivo. | dendritic cells (dc) are heterogenous, comprising several subpopulations of migratory and lymphoid-organ-resident types. recent studies addressing the role of each subset in antigen presentation in vivo have revealed a complex division of labor within the dc network. in addition to cd8(+) dc, migratory lung or dermal dc can cross-present antigen in vivo. migratory dc also transport to the lymph nodes antigens that can be transferred to resident dc for presentation. in inflammatory conditions, th ... | 2009 | 19342210 |
| ip-10-mediated t cell homing promotes cerebral inflammation over splenic immunity to malaria infection. | plasmodium falciparum malaria causes 660 million clinical cases with over 2 million deaths each year. acquired host immunity limits the clinical impact of malaria infection and provides protection against parasite replication. experimental evidence indicates that cell-mediated immune responses also result in detrimental inflammation and contribute to severe disease induction. in both humans and mice, the spleen is a crucial organ involved in blood stage malaria clearance, while organ-specific di ... | 2009 | 19343215 |
| immunization with radiation-attenuated plasmodium berghei sporozoites induces liver ccd8alpha+dc that activate cd8+t cells against liver-stage malaria. | immunization with radiation (gamma)-attenuated plasmodia sporozoites (gamma-spz) confers sterile and long-lasting immunity against malaria liver-stage infection. in the p. berghei gamma-spz model, protection is linked to liver cd8+ t cells that express an effector/memory (t(em)) phenotype, (cd44(hi)cd45rb(lo)cd62l(lo)), and produce ifn-gamma. however, neither the antigen presenting cells (apc) that activate these cd8+ t(em) cells nor the site of their induction have been fully investigated. beca ... | 2009 | 19347042 |
| cd4(+) t cell response in early erythrocytic stage malaria: plasmodium berghei infection in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice. | plasmodium berghei anka causes lethal malaria in mice. it is well established that c57bl/6 mice die early with fulminant symptoms including convulsion, whereas balb/c mice survive this phase and die later of anemia and prostration. early death in c57bl/6 mice has been considered to result from the adverse effects of inflammatory cytokines. to elucidate the cd4(+) t cell responses in early death due to severe malaria, the kinetics of cd4(+) t cells were compared by analyzing cell surface markers ... | 2009 | 19352703 |
| impact of cerebral malaria on brain distribution of mefloquine. | cerebral malaria (cm) is the most severe complication of plasmodium falciparum malaria. the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cm on the cerebral uptake of mefloquine (mq), in an experimental model of mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka (pba). drug diffusion in brain is closely related to efflux pumps such as p-glycoprotein (p-gp/abcb1/mdr1) and breast cancer resistant protein (bcrp/abcg2), two major components of the blood-brain barrier (bbb) which can be modified by i ... | 2009 | 19356112 |
| the plasmodium hu homolog, which binds the plastid dna sequence-independent manner, is essential for the parasite's survival. | the nuclear genome of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum encodes a homolog of the bacterial hu protein (pfhu). in this study, we characterised pfhu's physiological function. pfhu, which is targeted exclusively to the parasite's plastid, bound its natural target--the plastid dna--sequence-independently and complemented lack of hu in escherichia coli. the hu gene could not be knocked-out from the genome of plasmodium berghei, implying that hu is important for the parasite's survival. ... | 2009 | 19358847 |
| anopheles gambiae croquemort scrbq2, expression profile in the mosquito and its potential interaction with the malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. | the scavenger receptor family comprises transmembrane proteins involved in the recognition of polyanionic ligands. several studies have established that members of this family are involved both in immunity and in developmental processes. in drosophila melanogaster, one of the best characterized scavenger receptors is croquemort, which participates in the recognition of apoptotic cells in the embryo. although comparative genomic studies have revealed the presence of four orthologs of this recepto ... | 2009 | 19366631 |
| antimalarial activity of betulinic acid and derivatives in vitro against plasmodium falciparum and in vivo in p. berghei-infected mice. | malaria is one of the most important tropical diseases and mainly affects populations living in developing countries. reduced sensitivity of plasmodium sp. to formerly recommended antimalarial drugs places an increasing burden on malaria control programs as well as on national health systems in endemic countries. the present study aims to evaluate the antimalarial activity of betulinic acid and its derivative compounds, betulonic acid, betulinic acid acetate, betulinic acid methyl ester, and bet ... | 2009 | 19367418 |
| nanoencapsulation increases quinine antimalarial efficacy against plasmodium berghei in vivo. | the aims of this work were to develop quinine (qn)-loaded nanocapsules, to evaluate their efficacy in vivo and to determine their pharmacokinetics and erythrocyte partition coefficient. plasmodium berghei-infected wistar rats were used to evaluate the efficacy of qn-loaded nanocapsules using different dosing regimens. pharmacokinetics was evaluated after intravenous administration of free or nanoencapsulated qn (25 mg/kg) to infected rats. the qn partition coefficient into p. berghei-infected er ... | 2009 | 19369041 |
| clonal conditional mutagenesis in malaria parasites. | we describe here an efficient method for conditional gene inactivation in malaria parasites that uses the flp/frt site-specific recombination system of yeast. the method, developed in plasmodium berghei, consists of inserting frt sites in the chromosomal locus of interest in a parasite clone expressing the flp recombinase via a developmental stage-specific promoter. using promoters active in mosquito midgut sporozoites or salivary gland sporozoites to drive expression of flp or its thermolabile ... | 2009 | 19380117 |
| molecular genetics and comparative genomics reveal rnai is not functional in malaria parasites. | techniques for targeted genetic disruption in plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, are currently intractable for those genes that are essential for blood stage development. the ability to use rna interference (rnai) to silence gene expression would provide a powerful means to gain valuable insight into the pathogenic blood stages but its functionality in plasmodium remains controversial. here we have used various rna-based gene silencing approaches to test the utility of rnai in malaria p ... | 2009 | 19380379 |
| two c-type lectins cooperate to defend anopheles gambiae against gram-negative bacteria. | c-type lectins (ctls) are a family of proteins that share a common structural motif, the carbohydrate recognition domain, and may act as receptors in pathogen recognition. indeed, some vertebrate ctls, particularly the collectins, are unequivocally implicated in the innate immune response to certain microbes. although studies in insects and other invertebrates have described ctl activation of effector immune responses in vitro, the contribution of these ctls to immune defenses in vivo is still p ... | 2009 | 19380589 |
| piperaquine pharmacodynamics and parasite viability in a murine malaria model. | piperaquine (pq) is an important partner drug in antimalarial combination treatments, but the long half-life of pq raises concerns about drug resistance. our aim was to investigate the extended antimalarial effect of pq in a study of drug efficacy, reinoculation outcomes, and parasite viability after the administration of a single dose of pq in the murine malaria model. initially, male swiss mice were inoculated with plasmodium berghei and at 64 h after parasite inoculation were given pq phospha ... | 2009 | 19380600 |
| kinetics of mosquito-injected plasmodium sporozoites in mice: fewer sporozoites are injected into sporozoite-immunized mice. | malaria is initiated when the mosquito introduces sporozoites into the skin of a mammalian host. to successfully continue the infection, sporozoites must invade blood vessels in the dermis and be transported to the liver. a significant number of sporozoites, however, may enter lymphatic vessels in the skin or remain in the skin long after the mosquito bite. we have used fluorescence microscopy of plasmodium berghei sporozoites expressing a fluorescent protein to evaluate the kinetics of sporozoi ... | 2009 | 19390607 |
| rosiglitazone modulates the innate immune response to plasmodium falciparum infection and improves outcome in experimental cerebral malaria. | for severe malarial syndromes such as cerebral malaria, adverse clinical outcomes are often mediated by the immune system rather than caused by the parasite directly. however, few therapeutic agents have been developed to modulate the host's immunopathological responses to infection. here, we report that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) agonist rosiglitazone modulated the host response to malaria by enhancing phagocytic clearance of malaria-parasitized erythrocyte ... | 2009 | 19392627 |
| antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity of bicyclic amides and esters of dialkylamino acids. | several bicyclic amides and esters of dialkylamino acids were prepared. their activities against a multiresistant strain of plasmodium falciparum and against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (stib 900) were examined. structure-activity relationships were discussed. particularly the ester compounds showed good antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity and a single compound was tested in vivo against plasmodium berghei. | 2009 | 19395265 |
| disruption of nod-like receptors alters inflammatory response to infection but does not confer protection in experimental cerebral malaria. | research relating to host inflammatory processes during malaria infection has focused on toll-like receptors, membrane-bound receptors implicated in innate sensing, and phagocytosis of parasitized erythrocytes by host cells. this is the first study to examine the role of nod proteins, members of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family of cytoplasmic proteins involved in pathogen recognition, in a murine model of cerebral malaria (plasmodium berghei anka, pba). here, we find that nod1nod2(-/-) mice in ... | 2009 | 19407112 |
| [role of histamine and histamine receptors in the pathogenesis of malaria]. | a hallmark of the host response to plasmodium parasite is an inflammatory reaction characterized by elevated histaminemia levels. since histamine, which acts through four different receptors and which synthesis is under the control of the histidine decarboxylase (hdc), is endowed with pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, we hypothesized that this vaso-active amine may participe to malaria pathogenesis. combining genetic and pharmacologic approaches by using h1r(-/-), h2r(-/-), h3r( ... | 2009 | 19409190 |
| rate of red blood cell destruction varies in different strains of mice infected with plasmodium berghei-anka after chronic exposure. | severe malaria anaemia in the semi-immune individuals in the holo-endemic area has been observed to occur at low parasite density with individual variation in the responses. thus the following has been thought to be involved: auto-immune-mediated mechanisms of uninfected red blood cell destruction, and host genetic factors to explain the differences in individual responses under the same malaria transmission. in this study, the extent of red blood cell (rbc) destruction in different strains of s ... | 2009 | 19416511 |
| localisation and timing of expression of putative plasmodium berghei rhoptry proteins in merozoites and sporozoites. | invasive forms of apicomplexan parasites contain secretory organelles (which may include micronemes, rhoptries or dense granules), the contents of which mediate invasion of host cells. only few rhoptry proteins have been identified in plasmodium and then only in merozoites and none in the sporozoite or ookinete. epitope-tagged proteins (with either green fluorescent protein or c-myc) were used to analyse the expression and cellular localisation of a known plasmodium rhoptry protein (rap2/3) and ... | 2009 | 19428669 |
| lisp1 is important for the egress of plasmodium berghei parasites from liver cells. | most apicomplexa are obligatory intracellular parasites that multiply inside a so-called parasitophorous vacuole (pv) formed upon parasite entry into the host cell. plasmodium, the agent of malaria and the apicomplexa most deadly to humans, multiplies in both hepatocytes and erythrocytes in the mammalian host. although much has been learned on how apicomplexa parasites invade host cells inside a pv, little is known of how they rupture the pv membrane and egress host cells. here, we characterize ... | 2009 | 19438514 |
| egress of plasmodium berghei gametes from their host erythrocyte is mediated by the mdv-1/peg3 protein. | malaria parasites invade erythrocytes of their host both for asexual multiplication and for differentiation to male and female gametocytes - the precursor cells of plasmodium gametes. for further development the parasite is dependent on efficient release of the asexual daughter cells and of the gametes from the host erythrocyte. how malarial parasites exit their host cells remains largely unknown. we here report the characterization of a plasmodium berghei protein that is involved in egress of b ... | 2009 | 19438517 |
| azathioprine favourably influences the course of malaria. | azathioprine triggers suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and exposure of phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface. eryptosis may accelerate the clearance of plasmodium-infected erythrocytes. the present study thus explored whether azathioprine influences eryptosis of plasmodium-infected erythrocytes, development of parasitaemia and thus the course of malaria. | 2009 | 19442289 |
| the high throughput sequence annotation service (ht-sas) - the shortcut from sequence to true medline words. | advances in high-throughput technologies available to modern biology have created an increasing flood of experimentally determined facts. ordering, managing and describing these raw results is the first step which allows facts to become knowledge. currently there are limited ways to automatically annotate such data, especially utilizing information deposited in published literature. | 2009 | 19445703 |
| hundreds of microsatellites for genotyping plasmodium yoelii parasites. | genetic crosses have been employed to study various traits of rodent malaria parasites and to locate loci that contribute to drug resistance, immune protection, and disease virulence. compared with human malaria parasites, genetic crossing of rodent malaria parasites is more easily performed; however, genotyping methods using microsatellites (mss) or large-scale single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) that have been widely used in typing plasmodium falciparum are not available for rodent malaria ... | 2009 | 19450732 |
| automated classification of plasmodium sporozoite movement patterns reveals a shift towards productive motility during salivary gland infection. | the invasive stages of malaria and other apicomplexan parasites use a unique motility machinery based on actin, myosin and a number of parasite-specific proteins to invade host cells and tissues. the crucial importance of this motility machinery at several stages of the life cycle of these parasites makes the individual components potential drug targets. the different stages of the malaria parasite exhibit strikingly diverse movement patterns, likely reflecting the varied needs to achieve succes ... | 2009 | 19455538 |
| recrudescent plasmodium berghei from pregnant mice displays enhanced binding to the placenta and induces protection in multigravida. | pregnancy-associated malaria (pam) is associated with placenta pathology and poor pregnancy outcome but the mechanisms that control the malaria parasite expansion in pregnancy are still poorly understood and not amenable for study in human subjects. here, we used a set of new tools to re-visit an experimental mouse model of pregnancy-induced malaria recrudescence, balb/c with chronic plasmodium berghei infection. during pregnancy 60% of the pre-exposed primiparous females showed pregnancy-induce ... | 2009 | 19461965 |
| an essential role for the plasmodium nek-2 nima-related protein kinase in the sexual development of malaria parasites. | the molecular control of cell division and development in malaria parasites is far from understood. we previously showed that a plasmodium gametocyte-specific nima-related protein kinase, nek-4, is required for completion of meiosis in the ookinete, the motile form that develops from the zygote in the mosquito vector. here, we show that another nima-related kinase, pfnek-2, is also predominantly expressed in gametocytes, and that pfnek-2 is an active enzyme displaying an in vitro substrate prefe ... | 2009 | 19491095 |
| going live: a comparative analysis of the suitability of the rfp derivatives redstar, mcherry and tdtomato for intravital and in vitro live imaging of plasmodium parasites. | fluorescent proteins have proven to be important tools for in vitro live imaging of parasites and for imaging of parasites within the living host by intravital microscopy. we observed that a red fluorescent transgenic malaria parasite of rodents, plasmodium berghei-redstar, is suitable for in vitro live imaging experiments but bleaches rapidly upon illumination in intravital imaging experiments using mice. we have therefore generated two additional transgenic parasite lines expressing the novel ... | 2009 | 19492329 |
| plasmodium berghei-infection induces volume-regulated anion channel-like activity in human hepatoma cells. | parasite infection can lead to alterations in the permeability of host plasma membranes. presented here is the first demonstration that this phenomenon occurs in plasmodium-infected liver cells. using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, volume-regulated anion channel (vrac) activity was characterized in huh-7 cells (a human hepatoma cell line) before and after infection with plasmodium berghei. consistent with the presence of vracs, hypotonic bath solution induced large ion currents in huh-7 c ... | 2009 | 19496788 |
| genome-wide transcriptomic profiling of anopheles gambiae hemocytes reveals pathogen-specific signatures upon bacterial challenge and plasmodium berghei infection. | the mosquito anopheles gambiae is a major vector of human malaria. increasing evidence indicates that blood cells (hemocytes) comprise an essential arm of the mosquito innate immune response against both bacteria and malaria parasites. to further characterize the role of hemocytes in mosquito immunity, we undertook the first genome-wide transcriptomic analyses of adult female an. gambiae hemocytes following infection by two species of bacteria and a malaria parasite. | 2009 | 19500340 |
| malaria downmodulates mrna expression and catalytic activities of cyp1a2, 2e1 and 3a11 in mouse liver. | it has been reported that malaria reduces cytochrome-p450 (cyp) content and monooxygenase activities in the mammalian host liver. the mechanism by which malaria modulates cyp activities, however, remains unclear. in this study we found that activities of ethoxy- and benzyloxy-resorufin-o-dealkylases, p-nitrophenol-hydroxylase and erythromycin-n-demethylase (mediated by cyp1a, 2b, 2e1 and 3a, respectively) were depressed, while uridine-glucuronosyl-transferase (a phase 2 enzyme) was unaltered in ... | 2009 | 19501084 |
| novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the mexican frog hyla eximia. | in this work, we describe the original characterization of peptides and proteins present in the skin secretions of the mexican amphibian hyla eximia. to this purpose, a novel water/dark extraction method, as well as the classic electrical stimulation procedure, was applied in order to extract the skin secretion. two novel antimicrobial peptides he-1 and he-2 were sequenced. in addition, a molecular mass fingerprint revealed more than one hundred different molecules. eight peptides in homogeneous ... | 2009 | 19508207 |
| synthesis and antimalarial activities of optically active labdane-type diterpenes. | an efficient method for the synthesis of optically active labdane-type diterpenes from (+)-manool 8 is described. we prepared the natural labdane-type diterpene 5 via key intermediate peroxide 9, and synthetic hydroxybutenolides 6 and 7 via a furan photosensitised oxygenation reaction of labdafuran (14). compounds 5, 6, 7 and 9 were evaluated as inhibitors of the beta-haematin formation and globin proteolysis, and then were assayed in a malarial murine model. compound 9 was the most promising co ... | 2009 | 19521902 |
| methotrexate and aminopterin lack in vivo antimalarial activity against murine malaria species. | the antifolate anticancer drug methotrexate (mtx) has potent activity against plasmodium falciparum in vitro. experience of its use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis indicates that it could be safe and efficacious for treating malaria. we sought to establish a murine malaria model to study the mechanism of action and resistance of mtx and its analogue aminopterin (amp). we used plasmodium berghei, plasmodium yoelii yoelii, plasmodium chabaudi and plasmodium vinckei. none of these species ... | 2009 | 19527714 |
| host cell transcriptional profiling during malaria liver stage infection reveals a coordinated and sequential set of biological events. | plasmodium sporozoites migrate to the liver where they traverse several hepatocytes before invading the one inside which they will develop and multiply into thousands of merozoites. although this constitutes an essential step of malaria infection, the requirements of plasmodium parasites in liver cells and how they use the host cell for their own survival and development are poorly understood. | 2009 | 19534804 |
| in-depth validation of acridine orange staining for flow cytometric parasite and reticulocyte enumeration in an experimental model using plasmodium berghei. | flow cytometry is potentially an effective method for counting malaria parasites, but inconsistent results have hampered its routine use in rodent models. a published two-channel method using acridine orange offers clear discrimination between the infected and uninfected erythrocytes. however, preliminary studies showed concerns when dealing with plasmodium berghei-infected blood samples with high numbers of reticulocytes. in hyperparasitemic or chronic p. berghei infection, enhanced erythropoie ... | 2009 | 19545567 |
| histamine h(3) receptor-mediated signaling protects mice from cerebral malaria. | histamine is a biogenic amine that has been shown to contribute to several pathological conditions, such as allergic conditions, experimental encephalomyelitis, and malaria. in humans, as well as in murine models of malaria, increased plasma levels of histamine are associated with severity of infection. we reported recently that histamine plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria (cm) in mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka. histamine exerts its biological ... | 2009 | 19547708 |
| gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase from plasmodium berghei. | gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (l-glutamate-l-cysteine ligase, gamma-gcs, ec 6.3.2.2.), the rate limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthetic pathway has been analysed in the asexual erythrocytic stages of rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei and its host erythrocytes. cell-free parasite isolated by saponin lysis contained about 2 and 8 times higher activity of gamma-gcs compared to p. berghei-infected and normal mice erythrocytes respectively. subcellular fractionation revealed that th ... | 2009 | 19567234 |
| molecular adjuvants for malaria dna vaccines based on the modulation of host-cell apoptosis. | malaria represents a major global health problem but despite extensive efforts, no effective vaccine is available. various vaccine candidates have been developed that provide protection in animal models, such as a gene gun-delivered dna vaccine encoding the circumsporozoite protein (csp) of plasmodium berghei. a common shortcoming of most malaria vaccines is the requirement for multiple immunizations leaving room for improvement even for established vaccine candidates such as the csp-dna vaccine ... | 2009 | 19576940 |
| antiplasmodial activity of punica granatum l. fruit rind. | sun-dried rind of the immature fruit of punica granatum l. (punicaceae) (pg) is presently used as a herbal formulation (omaria) in orissa, india, for the therapy and prophylaxis of malaria. the aims of this study were (i) to assess in vitro the antiplasmodial activity of the methanolic extract, of a tannin enriched fraction and of compounds/metabolites of the antimalarial plant, (ii) to estimate the curative efficacy of the pg extracts and (iii) to explore the mechanism of action of the antiplas ... | 2009 | 19577622 |
| ethanolic extract of clerodendrum violaceum gürke leaves enhances kidney function in mouse model of malaria. | evaluation of the effects of daily oral administration of ethanolic extract of c. violaceum leaves (13 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days on some kidney function indices of uninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected mice was done on days 3, 8 and 14 post-infection. the indices studied include serum urea and creatinine concentrations with the specific activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the kidney. treatment of p. berghei-infected mice with et ... | 2009 | 19579800 |
| anti-malarial activity of 6-(8'z-pentadecenyl)-salicylic acid from viola websteri in mice. | petroleum ether extracts of viola websteri hemsl (violaceae) were reported to have anti-plasmodial activity against plasmodium falciparum in vitro, with this activity being largely attributable to 6-(8'z-pentadecenyl)-salicylic acid (6-sa). | 2009 | 19583856 |
| the interaction between dc and plasmodium berghei/chabaudi-infected erythrocytes in mice involves direct cell-to-cell contact, internalization and tlr. | early interactions between blood-stage plasmodium parasites and cells of the innate immune system are very important in shaping the adaptive immune response to malaria, and a number of studies have suggested that dc are responsible for this phenomenon. therefore, we examined the capacity of murine bm-derived dc to internalize parasites, be activated and produce cytokines upon in vitro interaction with murine erythrocytes infected with two different strains of rodent malaria parasites (plasmodium ... | 2009 | 19585512 |
| plasmodium berghei hap2 induces strong malaria transmission-blocking immunity in vivo and in vitro. | fertilization in plasmodium is a complex process that occurs in the gut of the female anopheles mosquito upon uptake of a bloodmeal. it requires the emergence of the gametocyte from the rbc and release of eight flagellate male gametes from each male cell, and subsequent fertilization of a similarly emerged immotile extracellular female macrogamete. previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies against male gamete surface proteins ingested from the blood of an infected and immunized host inh ... | 2009 | 19596419 |
| malaria ookinetes exhibit multiple markers for apoptosis-like programmed cell death in vitro. | abstract: | 2009 | 19604379 |
| addlp, a bacterial defensin-like peptide, exhibits anti-plasmodium activity. | antimicrobial defensins with the cysteine-stabilized alpha-helical and beta-sheet (csalphabeta) motif are widely distributed in three eukaryotic kingdoms. however, recent work suggests that bacteria could possess defensin-like peptides (dlps). here, we report recombinant expression, in vitro folding, structural and functional characterization of a dlp from the myxobacterium anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans (addlp). circular dichroism analysis indicates that recombinant addlp adopts a typical struct ... | 2009 | 19615342 |
| evaluation of in vivo antimalarial activities of ethanolic leaf and seed extracts of telfairia occidentalis. | the leaves and seeds of telfairia occidentalis are used as vegetables in making soups in southern nigeria. in this study, we investigated the antimalarial activity of leaf and seed extracts in vivo in mice infected with plasmodium berghei berghei during early and established infections. t. occidentalis leaf extract (250-750 mg/kg/day) exhibited antiplasmodial activity both in the 4-day early infection test and in established infection with a marked increase of the mean survival time, which, howe ... | 2009 | 19627216 |
| mosquito immune responses and compatibility between plasmodium parasites and anopheline mosquitoes. | functional screens based on dsrna-mediated gene silencing identified several anopheles gambiae genes that limit plasmodium berghei infection. however, some of the genes identified in these screens have no effect on the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum; raising the question of whether different mosquito effector genes mediate anti-parasitic responses to different plasmodium species. | 2009 | 19643026 |
| malarial hemozoin is a nalp3 inflammasome activating danger signal. | background: characteristic symptoms of malaria include recurrent fever attacks and neurodegeneration, signs that are also found in patients with a hyperactive nalp3 inflammasome. plasmodium species produce a crystal called hemozoin that is generated by detoxification of heme after hemoglobin degradation in infected red blood cells. thus, we hypothesized that hemozoin could activate the nalp3 inflammasome, due to its particulate nature reminiscent of other inflammasome-activating agents. methodol ... | 2009 | 19652710 |
| screening of traditionally used plants for in vivo antimalarial activity in mice. | aqueous ethanol (80%) extracts of six plants used traditionally for treatment of malaria, vepris glomerata (f.hoffm.) engl (rutaceae), maranthus floribunda (bak.) f.white (chrysobalanaceae), strophanthus eminii asch. & pax ex pax (apocynaceae), cassia abbreviata oliv. (leguminosae) and caesalpinia bonducella l. fleming (fabaceae) were screened for antimalarial activity to establish validity of their claims. the extracts exhibited antimalarial activity in the 4-day peter's suppressive antimalaria ... | 2009 | 20209008 |
| antimalarial activity of ultra-short peptides. | ultra-short peptides 1-9 were designed and synthesized with phenylalanine, ornithine and proline amino acid residues and their effect on antimalarial activity was analyzed. on the basis of the ic(50) data for these compounds, the effects of nature, polarity, and amino acid sequence on plasmodium berghei schizont cultures were analyzed too. tetrapeptides phe-orn-phe-orn (4) and lys-phe-phe-orn (5) showed a very important activity with ic(50) values of 3.31 and 2.57 microm, respectively. these two ... | 2009 | 20032878 |
| [mechanisms of liver invasion by malaria sporozoites]. | 2009 | 21089536 | |
| in vivo antiplasmodial activity of 11(13)-dehydroivaxillin from carpesium ceruum. | the whole plants of carpesium genus are used in traditional medicine as anti-pyretic, analgesic and vermifugic, including a topical application for sores and inflammation. a previous study on carpesium genus suggested that the antiplasmodial activity against plasmodium falciparum was due to the existence of 11(13)- dehydroivaxillin (ddv) from etoac extracts of c. ceruum (compositae). here, the antimalarial activity of ddv was evaluated against plasmodium berghei in mice. the ld(50) of the compou ... | 2009 | 18608780 |
| growth-inhibitory effect of a fucoidan from brown seaweed undaria pinnatifida on plasmodium parasites. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effects of fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the edible brown seaweed undaria pinnatifida, on the growth of plasmodium parasites. in order to assess the anti-malarial activity of fucoidan, growth inhibition activities were evaluated using cultured plasmodium falciparum parasites in vitro and on plasmodium berghei-infected mice in vivo. fucoidan significantly inhibited the invasion of erythrocytes by p. falciparum mero ... | 2009 | 18791738 |
| synthesis and antimalarial activity of pyrazolo and pyrimido benzothiazine dioxide derivatives. | a series of phenylsubstituted pyrazolo and pyrimido benzothiazine dioxide derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their abilities to inhibit beta-hematin formation, hemoglobin hydrolysis and in vivo for their antimalarial efficacy in rodent plasmodium berghei. compounds 3-amino-7-chloro-9-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,9-dihydro-pyrazolo-[4,3-b]benzothiazine 4,4-dioxide 2b and 2,4-diamino-8-chloro-10h-phenyl-pyrimido-[5,4-b]benzothiazine 5,5-dioxide 3a were the most promising as inhibitors of hem ... | 2009 | 18835067 |
| analysis of mutant plasmodium berghei parasites lacking expression of multiple pbccp genes. | plasmodium encodes a family of six secreted multi-domain adhesive proteins, termed pccps, which are released from gametocytes during emergence within the mosquito midgut. the expression and cellular localization of pccp proteins predict a role either in gametocyte development or within the mosquito midgut during the transition from gametes into the ookinete stage. however, mutant parasites lacking expression of any single pccp protein show a phenotype at the oocyst stage with a failure of oocyst ... | 2009 | 18848846 |
| the n-terminal domain of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein represents a target of protective immunity. | the n-terminal domain of the circumsporozoite protein (csp) has been largely neglected in the search for a malaria vaccine in spite of being a target of inhibitory antibodies and protective t cell responses in mice. thus, in order to develop this region as a vaccine candidate to be eventually associated with other candidates and, in particular, with the very advanced c-terminal counterpart, synthetic constructs representing n- and c-terminal regions of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghe ... | 2009 | 18984024 |
| trep, a novel protein necessary for gliding motility of the malaria sporozoite. | the invasive stages of parasites of the protozoan phylum apicomplexa have the capacity to traverse host tissues and invade host cells using a unique type of locomotion called gliding motility. gliding motility is powered by a sub-membranous actin-myosin motor, and the force generated by the motor is transduced to the parasite surface by transmembrane proteins of the apicomplexan-specific thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) family. these proteins possess short cytoplasmic tails that i ... | 2009 | 19000911 |
| secreted antibody is required for immunity to plasmodium berghei. | infection with plasmodium berghei is lethal to mice, causing high levels of parasitemia, severe anemia, and death. however, when mice are treated with antimalarial drugs during acute infection, they have enhanced immunity to subsequent infections. with this infection and cure model of immunity, we systematically examined the basis of adaptive immunity to infection using immunodeficient mice. in order to induce adaptive immunity, mice were infected with blood-stage parasites. when the mice develo ... | 2009 | 19001073 |
| compounds structurally related to ellagic acid show improved antiplasmodial activity. | the cancer chemopreventive agent ellagic acid (ea) is a known inhibitor of glutathione s-transferases (gsts) and possesses antiplasmodial activities in the upper-nanomolar range. in the recent drug development approach, the properties of the active site of plasmodium falciparum gst were exploited for inhibitor design by introducing one or two additional hydroxyl groups into ea, yielding flavellagic acid (fea) and coruleoellagic acid (cea), respectively. indeed, the inhibition of p. falciparum gs ... | 2009 | 19015351 |
| role for the plasmodium sporozoite-specific transmembrane protein s6 in parasite motility and efficient malaria transmission. | malaria transmission occurs by intradermal deposition of plasmodium sporozoites during the infectious bite of a female anopheles mosquito. after formation in midgut-associated oocysts sporozoites actively enter mosquito salivary glands and subsequently invade host hepatocytes where they transform into clinically silent liver stages. to date, two sporozoite-specific transmembrane proteins have been identified that perform vital functions in natural malaria transmission. the sporozoite invasin tra ... | 2009 | 19016774 |
| synthesis and evaluation of 1,1'-hydrocarbylenebis(indazol-3-ols) as potential antimalarial drugs. | bis(indazol-3-ol) derivatives (5, 30-38) were prepared by alkylation of 3-alkoxyindazoles with alpha,omega-dibromides, followed by removal of the o-protecting groups. these compounds were subsequently evaluated as inhibitors of biocrystallization of ferriprotoporphyrin ix (heme) to hemozoin, a plasmodium detoxification specific process. most bis(5-nitroindazol-3-ols) were good inhibitors, however, a denitro analogue (38), the intermediate bis(3-alkoxyindazoles) (15-29) as well as bis(indazolin-3 ... | 2009 | 19025734 |
| alteration of the parasite plasma membrane and the parasitophorous vacuole membrane during exo-erythrocytic development of malaria parasites. | the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei develops in hepatocytes within 48-52h from a single sporozoite into up to 20,000 daughter parasites, so-called merozoites. the cellular and molecular details of this extensive proliferation are still largely unknown. here we have used a transgenic, rfp-expressing p. berghei parasite line and molecular imaging techniques including intravital microscopy to decipher various aspects of parasite development within the hepatocyte. in late schizont stages, ... | 2009 | 19026596 |
| hiv protease inhibitors inhibit the development of preerythrocytic-stage plasmodium parasites. | recent studies have demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease inhibitors (pis) exert inhibitory effects on erythrocytic stages of the human-malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum in vitro and on erythrocytic stages of the rodent-malaria parasite plasmodium chabaudi in vivo. although it remains unclear how hiv pis inhibit the parasite, the effect seen on parasite development in the erythrocytic stages is potent. the effect on preerythrocytic stages has not yet been investigate ... | 2009 | 19032102 |
| letter to the editor on effect of cyclosporine on parasitemia and survival of plasmodium berghei-infected mice. | 2009 | 19032941 | |
| synthesis of chlorovinyl sulfones as structural analogs of chalcones and their antiplasmodial activities. | the synthesis of novel chlorovinyl sulfone-like chalcone derivatives and their antimalarial activity against cultured plasmodium falciparum parasites, hemozoin formation, hemoglobin hydrolysis and murine malaria model are described. compounds were prepared via claisen-schmidt condensation from available chloromethylphenyl sulfones with substituted aldehydes. antiplasmodial ic(50) activity of these compounds ranged between 0.025 and 10 microm, those that blocked p. falciparum development at low m ... | 2009 | 19036479 |
| filarial infection induces protection against p. berghei liver stages in mice. | chronic helminth infections such as filariasis in human hosts can be life long, since parasites are equipped with a repertoire of immune evasion strategies. in many areas where helminths are prevalent, other infections such as malaria are co-endemic. it is still an ongoing debate, how one parasite alters immune responses against another. to dissect the relationships between two different parasites residing in the same host, we established a murine model of co-infection with the filarial nematode ... | 2009 | 19049828 |
| antiplasmodial activity of root extract and fractions of croton zambesicus. | antiplasmodial activity of root extract and fractions of croton zambesicus were evaluated to ascertain the folkloric claim of its antimalarial activity and elucidate its antiplasmodial mechanism of action. | 2009 | 18996464 |
| screening of antiplasmodial properties among some traditionally used iranian plants. | an investigation of plants was undertaken through interviews and literature surveys on plants used to treat malaria or cancer or microbial diseases in iran. | 2009 | 19059470 |
| egf domain ii of protein pb28 from plasmodium berghei interacts with monoclonal transmission blocking antibody 13.1. | development of a vaccine against malaria is a major global health concern. the p28 proteins expressed on the surface of ookinetes of plasmodium are the targets of transmission blocking antibodies. injection of p28 proteins in vertebrate hosts induces antibodies that inhibit oocyst formation, blocking transmission of the parasite from mosquitos to human hosts. p28 proteins are crucial for parasite protection inside the mosquito midgut. despite their importance, structural details of p28 family me ... | 2009 | 19066995 |