Publications

the global structures of a wild-type and poorly functional plant luteoviral mrna pseudoknot are essentially identical.	the helical junction region of a -1 frameshift stimulating hairpin-type mrna pseudoknot from sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) is characterized by a novel c27.(g7-c14) loop 2-stem 1 minor groove base triple, which is stacked on a c8+.(g12-c28) loop 1-stem 2 major groove base triple. substitution of c27 with adenosine reduces frameshifting efficiency to a level just twofold above the slip-site alone. here, we show that the global structure of the c27a scylv rna is nearly indistinguishable from ...	2006	17000902
sugarcane molasses and yeast powder used in the fructooligosaccharides production by aspergillus japonicus-fcl 119t and aspergillus niger atcc 20611.	different concentrations of sucrose (3-25% w/v) and peptone (2-5% w/v) were studied in the formulation of media during the cultivation of aspergillus japonicus-fcl 119t and aspergillus niger atcc 20611. moreover, cane molasses (3.5-17.5% w/v total sugar) and yeast powder (1.5-5% w/v) were used as alternative nutrients for both strains' cultivation. these media were formulated for analysis of cellular growth, beta-fructosyltransferase and fructooligosaccharides (fos) production. transfructosylati ...	2006	16835781
short-range dispersal and overwintering habitats of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) during and after harvest in the subtropics.	field experiments in the subtropical lower rio grande valley of texas were conducted to determine the extent of adult boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), dispersal from cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fields during harvest operations and the noncotton-growing ("overwinter") period between 1 september and 1 february. using unbaited large capacity boll weevil traps placed at intervals extending outward from commercial field edges, boll weevils did not move i ...	2006	16937667
pairwise coupling analysis of helical junction hydrogen bonding interactions in luteoviral rna pseudoknots.	a 28-nucleotide mrna pseudoknot that overlaps the p1 and p2 genes of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) stimulates -1 ribosomal frameshifting. the in vitro frameshifting efficiency is decreased >or=8-fold upon substitution of the 3'-most loop 2 nucleotide (c27) with adenosine, which accepts a hydrogen bond from the 2'-oh group of c14 in stem s1. the solution structures of the wild-type (wt) and c27a scylv rna pseudoknots show that while the rnas adopt virtually identical overall structures, the ...	2006	16964977
assessment of textile dye remediation using biotic and abiotic agents.	the aim of the current work was to assess the removal of direct and reactive dyes using biotic and abiotic agents. removal of dyes and their derivatives from aqueous solutions was investigated using sugarcane bagasse, sawdust, rice straw, charcoal and fungal biomass as dye removing agents. seven fungal strains known to have high capacity in removing textile dyes were used. results of this study indicated that penicillium commune, p. freii, and p. allii removed 96, 64 and 65%, respectively, of di ...	2006	16847836
purification and characterization of a maltooligosaccharide-forming alpha-amylase from a new bacillus subtilis kcc103.	a maltooligosaccharide-forming alpha-amylase was produced by a new soil isolate bacillus subtilis kcc103. in contrast to other bacillus species, the synthesis of alpha-amylase in kcc103 was not catabolite-repressed. the alpha-amylase was purified in one step using anion exchange chromatography after concentration of crude enzyme by acetone precipitation. the purified alpha-amylase had a molecular mass of 53 kda. it was highly active over a broad ph range from 5 to 7 and stable in a wide ph range ...	2006	16850297
isolation and characterization of cellulose obtained from ultrasonic irradiated sugarcane bagasse.	cell walls of sugarcane bagasse were first delignified with chlorite followed by ultrasonic irradiation and then by two-step sequential extractions at 23 degrees c with 15 and 18% koh for 2 h, 15 and 18% naoh for 2 h, 8 and 10% koh for 12 h, and 8 and 10% naoh for 12 h and by a single one-stage isolation with 10% koh for 16 h and with 10% naoh for 16 h, which released 79.4, 81.8, 83.6, 85.7, 61.5, and 65.6% of the original hemicelluloses, and subsequently yielded 50.7, 49.5, 48.6, 47.8, 57.2, an ...	2006	16881672
inulinase production by kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571 using solid state fermentation.	inulinase is an enzyme relevant to fructose production by enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin. this enzyme is also applied in the production of fructo-oligosaccharides that may be used as a new food functional ingredient. commercial inulinase is currently obtained using inulin as substrate, which is a relatively expensive raw material. in brazil, the production of this enzyme using residues of sugarcane and corn industry (sugarcane bagasse, molasses, and corn steep liquor) is economically attractive, ...	2006	16915703
diazotrophic burkholderia species associated with field-grown maize and sugarcane.	until recently, diazotrophy was known in only one of the 30 formally described species of burkholderia. novel n(2)-fixing plant-associated burkholderia species such as b. unamae, b. tropica, and b. xenovorans have been described, but their environmental distribution is scarcely known. in the present study, the occurrence of n(2)-fixing burkholderia species associated with different varieties of sugarcane and maize growing in regions of mexico and brazil was analyzed. only 111 out of more than 90 ...	2006	16672447
microbiological evaluation of sugarcane juice sold at street stands and juice handling conditions in são carlos, são paulo, brazil.	fresh sugarcane juice is sold by street vendors without any heat treatment in são carlos, são paulo, brazil. twenty-four samples of point-of-sale juice were tested by standard methods to determine heterotrophic bacteria, total and thermo-tolerant coliform counts, salmonella, and parasites in the juice. 25% of samples showed poor sanitary conditions, with thermo-tolerant coliform levels higher than allowed by brazilian standards. salmonella spp. and parasites were absent in all samples. thermo-to ...	2006	16680364
distribution of anopheles albimanus, anopheles vestitipennis, and anopheles crucians associated with land use in northern belize.	anthropogenic land use changes often alter natural patterns of disease transmission. the goal of this study was to determine whether phosphorus input from sugarcane, saccharum officinarum l., cultivation in northern belize could pose a significant environmental impact on malaria transmission by changing vegetation structure and composition of wetlands and associated larval habitats. our primary focus was on the increased dominance of cattail, typha domingensis pers., a favored habitat for anophe ...	2006	16739424
n-fertilizer saving by the inoculation of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and herbaspirillum sp. in micropropagated sugarcane plants.	colonization of micropropagated sugarcane plants by gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and herbaspirillum sp. was confirmed by a dot-immunoblot assay. in all, a 45-day short-term and 180-day long-term experiments conducted on micropropagated sugarcane plants of co 86032, a sugar rich popular variety in south india, indicated the usefulness of these diazotrophs as plant growth promoting bacteria. co-inoculation of these two bacteria enhanced the biomass considerably under n-limited condition in the ...	2006	16765840
enhanced xylitol production by precultivation of candida guilliermondii cells in sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate.	the present work evaluated the key enzymes involved in xylitol production (xylose reductase [xr] and xylitol dehydrogenase [xdh]) and their correlation with xylose, arabinose, and acetic acid assimilation during cultivation of candida guilliermondii fti 20037 cells in sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate. for this purpose, inocula previously grown either in sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate (sbhh) or in semidefined medium (xylose as a substrate) were used. the highest xylose/a ...	2006	16775788
laboratory and field tests of spray-dried and granular formulations of a bacillus thuringiensis strain with insecticidal activity against the sugarcane borer.	formulations of bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) with insecticidal activity against the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius (lepidoptera: pyralidae), were developed and tested under laboratory and field conditions. the formulations were prepared using biodegradable polymers such as modified corn starch as an encapsulating agent, gelatin as an adherent, powdered sugarcane as a feeding stimulant and a bt var. kurstaki gm-34 strain from a non-sugarcane region as the active ingredien ...	2006	16786544
captures of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) in traps associated with different habitats.	programs to eradicate the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, from cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the united states rely heavily on pheromone traps for monitoring weevil populations in both active and posteradication maintenance programs. modifications to trapping protocols that increase trap effectiveness should contribute to this eradication effort. between october 1996 and may 1997 and between september 1997 and april 1998, we compared trap effectiveness, indicated by the numb ...	2006	16813308
[the sugarcane juice was delicious, but...].		2006	16429196
comparative susceptibility of european corn borer, southwestern corn borer, and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) to cry1ab protein in a commercial bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrid.	one field strain each of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar; and sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.); were collected from cornfields in northeastern louisiana. susceptibilities of the field strain and a corresponding laboratory strain of the three borer species to cry1ab protein in dk69-70 bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrid were determined by exposing neonates to intact leaf tissues from whorl stage plants or by f ...	2006	16573340
nitrogen compounds in the apoplastic sap of sugarcane stem: some implications in the association with endophytes.	several nitrogen compounds were identified and quantified in the apoplastic and symplastic sap of sugarcane stems. the sap of stems was composed mainly of soluble sugars, which constituted 95% of the total organic compounds detected. sap also contained nitrogen compounds, with amino acids (50-70% of n) and proteins (20-30% of n), being the main nitrogenous substances, as well as inorganic forms as ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, in low concentrations (<20% of n). serine, proline, alanine and aspa ...	2006	16360806
regeneration of sugarcane elite breeding lines and engineering of stem borer resistance.	five elite sugarcane breeding lines were tested for efficiency in embryogenesis and plant regeneration. all of them produced regenerative embryogenic calli but with varied efficiencies. to engineer strongly insect-resistant sugarcanes, the gc content of a truncated cry1ac gene, which encodes the active region of cry1ac insecticidal delta-endotoxin, was increased from the original 37.4 to 47.5% following the sugarcane codon usage pattern. the synthetic cry1ac gene (s-cry1ac) was placed under the ...	2006	16408322
yellow leaf of sugarcane is caused by at least three different genotypes of sugarcane yellow leaf virus, one of which predominates on the island of réunion.	the genetic diversity of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) was analyzed with 43 virus isolates from réunion island and 17 isolates from world-wide locations. we attempted to amplify by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), clone, and sequence four different fragments covering 72% of the genome of these virus isolates. the number of amplified isolates and useful sequence information varied according to each fragment, whereas an amplicon was obtained with diagnostic primers f ...	2006	16453082
evaluation of sugarcane by-product pressmud as a manure in carp culture.	the effectiveness of pressmud, a sugarcane by-product, was tested as a manure in the production of natural food and carp, by conducting two experiments. the first experiment, of 5 weeks duration, examined the effect of pressmud addition on water quality and natural food production. this study was carried out in fibreglass tubs (1.54 m3) with a 5 cm mud layer, employing pressmud at dosages of 5000, 10,000 and 15,000 kg ha(-1) for treatments t1, t2 and t3, respectively. unfertilized tubs served as ...	2006	16459356
isolation of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing higher levels of flavoring compounds for production of "cachaça" the brazilian sugarcane spirit.	in brazil, spontaneous fermentation and open vessels are still used to produce cachaça (the brazilian sugarcane spirit) and this fermentation is characterized by mixed cultures with continuous succession of yeast species. this work shows the development of a methodology for isolation of yeasts, particularly saccharomyces cerevisiae, used in the production of cachaça. according to the proposed strategy, the strains were selected for their ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered during f ...	2006	16481057
selection and identification of fungi isolated from sugarcane bagasse and their application for phenanthrene removal from soil.	this work investigated the identification and selection of fungi isolated from sugarcane bagasse and their application for phenanthrene (phe) removal from soil. fungi were identified by pcr amplification of its regions as aspergillus terrus, aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus niger, penicillium glabrum and cladosporium cladosporioides. a primary selection of fungi was accomplished in plate, considering phe tolerance of every strain in two different media: potato dextrose agar (pda) and minera ...	2006	16484077
soil erosion and non-point source pollution impacts assessment with the aid of multi-temporal remote sensing images.	soil erosion associated with non-point source pollution is viewed as a process of land degradation in many terrestrial environments. careful monitoring and assessment of land use variations with different temporal and spatial scales would reveal a fluctuating interface, punctuated by changes in rainfall and runoff, movement of people, perturbation from environmental disasters, and shifts in agricultural activities and cropping patterns. the use of multi-temporal remote sensing images in support ...	2006	16182435
cloning and sequence analysis of coat protein gene for characterization of sugarcane mosaic virus isolated from sugarcane and maize in thailand.	three isolates of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) from sugarcane and maize in thailand, were selected and used as viral sources for coat protein (cp) genes cloning by immunocapture reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (ic-rt-pcr). the cp gene sequences and their deduced amino acids were determined. the sequences of three cloned cp genes, ut6th-sgc and ud7th-sgc from sugarcane, and sbc2th-mz from maize were compared with other previously reported sequences of scmv-cp gene and their phylo ...	2006	16195785
xylitol production from corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates by candida tropicalis.	a natural isolate, candida tropicalis was tested for xylitol production from corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates. fermentation of corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate showed xylose uptake and xylitol production, though these were very low, even after hydrolysate neutralization and treatments with activated charcoal and ion exchange resins. initial xylitol production was found to be 0.43 g/g and 0.45 g/g of xylose utilised with corn fiber and sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate respec ...	2006	16242318
coat protein gene sequence of a mexican isolate of sugarcane mosaic virus and its infectivity in maize and sugarcane plants.		2006	16328150
recombinant expression, purification, and functional analysis of two novel cystatins from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum).	phytocystatins are cysteine proteinase inhibitors from plants implicated in the endogenous regulation of protein turnover, programmed cell death, and in defense mechanisms against pathogens. to date, only few cystatin genes have been characterized in most plant species. we have previously characterized the protein canecystatin, the first cystatin described in sugarcane. in an attempt to study novel canecystatins, we identified two orfs encoding cystatins (referred as canecpi-2 and canecpi-3) usi ...	2006	16330226
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cereals: a promising approach crossing barriers.	cereal crops have been the primary targets for improvement by genetic transformation because of their worldwide importance for human consumption. for a long time, many of these important cereals were difficult to genetically engineer, mainly as a result of their inherent limitations associated with the resistance to agrobacterium infection and their recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration. the delivery of foreign genes to rice plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens has now become a routine techniqu ...	2006	17309731
analysis of sugarcane mosaic virus resistance in maize in an isogenic dihybrid crossing scheme and implications for breeding potyvirus-resistant maize hybrids.	the gene action of 2 sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) resistance loci in maize, scmv1 and scmv2, was evaluated for potyvirus resistance in an isogenic background. all 4 homozygous and 5 heterozygous isogenic genotypes were produced for introgressions of the resistant donor (fap1360a) alleles at both loci into the susceptible parent (f7) genetic background using simple sequence repeat markers. for scmv and maize dwarf mosaic virus (mdmv), virus symptoms appeared rapidly in the 3 homozygous genotypes ...	2006	17213909
reduced lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages and inhibited lps-induced lethal shock in mice by a sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.) extract.	a sugar cane extract (sce) has been found to have an immunostimulating effect in several animals. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is known to induce endotoxin shock via the production of inflammatory modulators such as tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and nitric oxide (no). we examined in the present study the effects of sce on the tnf-alpha and no production in lps-stimulated mice peritoneal cells and the endotoxin shock in mice. the supplementation of sce to peritoneal macrophages cultured with lps ...	2006	17151479
phoenix sylvestris roxb pollen allergy: a 2-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up study of immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergy in an agricultural area of west bengal, india.	although the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy has been demonstrated in seasonal pollen allergy, there is no report of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial with standardized pollen extract in seasonal respiratory allergy from india. in the agricultural area of eastern india, phoenix sylvestris roxb or date sugar palm is grown or cultivated and seasonal allergic rhinitis is common during the pollen season.	2006	17153886
antioxidant activity of phenolics compounds from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.) juice.	phenolic compounds in sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.) juice were identified and quantified by analytical high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection, showing the predominance of flavones (apigenin, luteolin and tricin derivatives), among flavonoids, and of hydroxycinnamic, caffeic and sinapic acids, among phenolic acids, representing a total content of around 160 mg/l. a tricin derivative was present in the highest proportion (>10% of the total). the phenolic extr ...	2006	17123161
phenanthrene removal by penicillium frequentans grown on a solid-state culture: effect of oxygen concentration.	phenanthrene removal by penicillium frequentans was compared under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions in a solid culture amended with low quantities of an agricultural residue. an inoculum of p. frequentans grown on sugarcane bagasse pith was mixed with soil spiked with 200 mg l(-1) of phenanthrene, to obtain a final bagasse/soil ratio of 1:16. the c/n ratio was adjusted to 60 and the moisture content to 40%. the oxygen concentrations were adjusted to 20%, 10%, 5%, 2% and close to 0%, in the ...	2006	17144256
pathogenicity of fusarium semitectum against crop pests and its biosafety to non-target organisms.	microbial control is receiving more attention, since these alternative tactics, compared to chemical control methods, are energy saving, non polluting, ecologically sound and sustainable. a mycopathogen, fusarium semitectum berk. and rav. (arsef 7233) was isolated from diseased cadavers of aphid (aphis gossypii) and cultured in saboraud maltose agar supplemented with yeast extract medium (smay). being isolated first time from the chilli ecosystem its potential was evaluated. experiments were con ...	2006	17385514
identification of prevalent potyvirus on maize and johnsongrass in corn fields of tehran province of iran and a study on some of its properties.	during a growing season in 2004, 231 leaf samples of virus infected and mosaic and dwarf mosaic symptoms showing maize (zea mays l.) plants and 258 leaf samples of mosaic showing johnsongrass (sorghum halepens l.) plants from various corn fields in tehran province were collected. serological tests of das-elisa and diba were performed on samples using antisera of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv), maize dwarf mosaic virus (mdmv), sorghum mosaic virus (srmv) and johnsongrasss mosaic virus (jgmv). in b ...	2006	17390895
genetic variants of banana streak virus in mauritius.	genetic variations among isolates of banana streak virus (bsv) were assessed using two sets of primers. the virus, found in banana accessions in mauritius, was compared to a nigerian isolate from cultivar obino l'ewai (bsoev). on the basis of the observed size of amplicons, some mauritius strains were different from l'ewai bsoev. both southern blot hybridization and the nucleotide sequences of the pcr products confirmed that they were of episomal bsv origin. an isolate of sugarcane bacilliform v ...	2006	16143419
unraveling evolutionary relationships among the divergent lineages of colletotrichum causing anthracnose disease in turfgrass and corn.	abstract colletotrichum species cause anthracnose diseases on a number of grass hosts and are common inhabitants of many others. they are divided into four species: c. sublineolum is pathogenic to sorghum spp.; c. caudatum is found on c4 grasses such as indiangrass and big bluestem; c. falcatum causes red rot of sugarcane; and c. graminicola sensu lato is a broadly defined species including isolates that attack maize, wheat, oats, and many forage, turf, and amenity grasses of the subfamily pooid ...	2006	18944204
the plant energy-dissipating mitochondrial systems: depicting the genomic structure and the expression profiles of the gene families of uncoupling protein and alternative oxidase in monocots and dicots.	the simultaneous existence of alternative oxidases and uncoupling proteins in plants has raised the question as to why plants need two energy-dissipating systems with apparently similar physiological functions. a probably complete plant uncoupling protein gene family is described and the expression profiles of this family compared with the multigene family of alternative oxidases in arabidopsis thaliana and sugarcane (saccharum sp.) employed as dicot and monocot models, respectively. in total, s ...	2006	16473895
bioactivity of neem, azadirachta indica, against spittlebug mahanarva fimbriolata (hemiptera: cercopidae) on sugarcane.	the effect of neem, azadirachta indica a. juss, on some biological parameters of mahanarva fimbriolata (stil) (hemiptera: cercopidae) was studied in the laboratory by using neemazal-t/s, nimkol-ls, and an aqueous neem seed extract. initially, the lc,, was estimated for nymphs. later, nymphs fed on sugarcane, saccharum officinarum l., roots were sprayed with the respective lc,, for each product. the adults were maintained in cages on sugarcane plants sprayed at the base with the maximum rate reco ...	2006	17195667
morphological aspects of cluster formation in the germarium of the sugarcane borer diatraea saccharalis fabricius (lepidoptera: pyralidae).	diatraea saccharalis f. is one of the greatest pests of the sugar cane culture. this report aimed to characterize the germarium region of the sugarcane borer by light and transmission electron microscopy, emphasizing the morphological steps of the ovarian cluster formation. in the germarium of this insect, four zones could be morphologically identified during the cluster formation. in the most apical end of each ovariole--zone i--the germ line stem cells undergo complete mitotic division, origin ...	2006	17144137
resistance to stem borers (lepidoptera: crambidae) among texas rice cultivars.	a 4-yr field study was conducted to assess the resistance of rice, oryza sativa l., cultivars to injury from the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), and the mexican rice borer, eoreuma loftini (dyar) (both lepidoptera: crambidae). several cultivars showed reduced levels of injury ('clxl8', 'xl8', 'wells', 'cheniere', and 'xp710' in 2003; clxl8, xp723, cheniere, and 'cl161' in 2004) and lower stem borer yield loss (clxl8 in 2004) than the more susceptible 'priscilla'. the resistant clxl8 ...	2006	17066824
sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) management threshold assessment on four sugarcane cultivars.	this research assesses the potential for using different economic injury thresholds in management of a key insect pest on susceptible and resistant commercially produced cultivars of sugarcane (saccharum spp. hybrids). in a 2-yr sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae), study involving four commercially produced sugarcane cultivars and four insecticide treatment thresholds, 'lcp 85-384' and 'hocp 91-555' were the most susceptible based on percentage of bored internodes ...	2006	16813338
ultrastructural study of the salivary glands of the sugarcane spittlebug mahanarva fimbriolata (stal, 1854) (euhemiptera: cercopidae).	spittlebugs are insects that suck sap from plants and regurgitate saliva containing toxic enzymes into the leaves. as a consequence, the conductive channels are blocked resulting in dry leaves, thus giving a burned aspect to the plantation. this work performed ultrastructural analyses of the salivary glands of the sugarcane spittlebug mahanarva fimbriolata, since these organs produce the enzymes that are injected into the plants, thus being responsible for the economic losses in the production o ...	2006	16171997
pcdd and pcdf emissions from simulated sugarcane field burning.	the emissions from simulated sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) field burns were sampled and analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdds and pcdfs). sugarcane leaves from hawaii and florida were burned in a manner simulating the natural physical dimensions and biomass density found during the practice of preharvest field burning. eight composite burn tests consisting of 3-33 kg of biomass were conducted, some with replicate samplers. emission factor calculations using sam ...	2006	17120546
determination of flavonoids in cultivated sugarcane leaves, bagasse, juice and in transgenic sugarcane by liquid chromatography-uv detection.	a high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method with photo-diode array (dad) detection was developed to separate and quantify flavonoids in sugarcane leaves and bagasse (= the crushed sugarcane refuse from juice extraction), and in sugarcane juice. sugarcane flavonoids consist of a complex mixture of aglycones and glycosides (including flavonolignan glycosides), and the hplc-uv method herein proposed is suitable for their quantification as total flavonoids. this method was applied to anal ...	2006	16310199
development of an integrated genetic map of a sugarcane (saccharum spp.) commercial cross, based on a maximum-likelihood approach for estimation of linkage and linkage phases.	sugarcane (saccharum spp.) is a clonally propagated outcrossing polyploid crop of great importance in tropical agriculture. up to now, all sugarcane genetic maps had been developed using either full-sib progenies derived from interspecific crosses or from selfing, both approaches not directly adopted in conventional breeding. we have developed a single integrated genetic map using a population derived from a cross between two pre-commercial cultivars ('sp80-180' x 'sp80-4966') using a novel appr ...	2006	16307229
effects of genetic polymorphisms cyp1a1, gstm1, gstt1 and gstp1 on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in sugarcane workers.	sugarcane workers in brazil are exposed to various genotoxic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), derived from an incomplete combustion process of burnt sugarcane fields. the effects of the occupational exposure to sugarcane fields burning were measured in urine samples of sugarcane workers from the northwest of the state of são paulo when exposed (harvesting) and when non-exposed (non-harvesting). the urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-ohp) and the influence of the ge ...	2006	16914185
ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sugarcane spittlebug mahanarva fimbriolata (hemiptera).	the present study describes the ultrastructure of meroistic telotrophic ovaries of the sugarcane spittlebug mahanarva fimbriolata. in this type of ovary, nurse cells, oogonia, and prefollicular tissue are located at the terminal (distal) regions or tropharium of ovarioles. oocytes in different developmental stages, classified from i to v, are observed in the vitellarium. stage i oocytes do not exhibit intercellular spaces in the follicular epithelium, suggesting that synthesis and production of ...	2006	16644228
comparison of stir bar sorptive extraction and membrane-assisted solvent extraction as enrichment techniques for the determination of pesticide and benzo[a]pyrene residues in brazilian sugarcane juice.	the present work compares two modern and environmentally friendly enrichment techniques, stir bar sorptive extraction (sbse) and membrane-assisted solvent extraction (mase) for the determination of 18 organic contaminant residues in brazilian sugarcane juice. stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption coupled to capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using the selected ion monitoring mode [sbse-td-gc-ms(sim)] and membrane-assisted solvent extraction combined with large volume in ...	2006	16597442
[screening of microorganism producing polyunsaturated fatty acids with sugarcane molasses].	a strain name lb1 producing polyunsaturated fatty acids with sugarcane molasses was screened form soil samples by the methods of sudan black b stain and the determination of pufas' iodine value. based on the grass morphological and physiological characteristics and the sequence similarity of ribosomal dna-its, the strain was identified as mucor recurvus sp.. the results of l64 (4(3)) orthogonal experiments indicated when mucor recurvus was cultivated at 28 degrees c for 5 days with 160 r/min, th ...	2006	17037053
genetic segregation of microsatellite markers in saccharum officinarum and s. spontaneum.	genetic mapping techniques can be used to study the interaction between two different genomes after hybridization. this study investigated a saccharum officinarum (green german or gg, 2n approximately 11x approximately 110) x s. spontaneum (ind 81-146 or ind, 2n approximately 7x approximately 56) interspecific cross. segregation of 193 microsatellite (ssr) loci was evaluated in the f(1) progeny of 169 full-sibs of the cross. following the two-way pseudo-testcross strategy and 'cross pollination' ...	2006	16912699
plant growth inhibitors isolated from sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) straw.	several compounds related with plant defense and pharmacological activities have been isolated from sugarcane. straw phytotoxins and their possible mechanisms of growth inhibition are largely unknown. a bioassay-guided fractionation of the phytotoxic constituents leachated from a sugarcane straw led to the isolation of trans-ferulic (trans-fa), cis-ferulic (cis-fa), vanillic (va) and syringic (sa) acids. the straw leachates and their identified constituents significantly inhibited root growth of ...	2006	16777531
quantitative trait loci identified for sugar related traits in a sugarcane (saccharum spp.) cultivar x saccharum officinarum population.	the identification of markers linked to quantitative trait loci (qtls) for increased sugar accumulation could improve the effectiveness of current breeding strategies in sugarcane. progeny from a cross between a high sucrose producing cultivar, (denotes australian plant breeding rights), and a saccharum officinarum clone, ij76-514 were grown in two field experiments in different years, and evaluated in the early and mid-season phases of crop maturity, to identify robust qtls in affecting sucrose ...	2006	16508765
assessment of herbicide leaching risk in two tropical soils of reunion island (france).	application of organic chemicals to a newly irrigated sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) area located in the semiarid western part of reunion island has prompted local regulatory agencies to determine their potential to contaminate ground water resources. for that purpose, simple indices known as the ground water ubiquity score (gustafson index, gus), the retardation factor (rf), the attenuation factor (af), and the log-transformed attenuation factor (aft) were employed to assess the potential ...	2006	15758106
assessment of variables controlling nitrate dynamics in groundwater: is it a threat to surface aquatic ecosystems?	the impact of fertilised cropping on nitrate-n dynamics in groundwater (gw) was assessed in a catchment from piezometers installed: (i) to different depths, (ii) in different soil types, (iii) on different positions on landscape, and (iv) compared with the australian and new zealand environmental and conservation council guideline values provided for different aquatic ecosystems. the gw and no(3)-n concentration dynamics were monitored in 39 piezometer wells, installed to 5-90 m depth, under fer ...	2005	15757708
unraveling the genome structure of polyploids using fish and gish; examples of sugarcane and banana.	we review here the progress that has been achieved using molecular cytogenetics to analyze the genome structure of sugarcane (saccharum spp) and banana (musa spp), two crops that are polyploid, of interspecific origin and with chromosomes not distinguishable by their gross morphology. in saccharum, molecular cytogenetics enabled us to determine the basic chromosome number of two species, saccharum officinarum and s. spontaneum, involved in the origin of modern cultivars, to quantify the proporti ...	2005	15753555
a combination of aflp and ssr markers provides extensive map coverage and identification of homo(eo)logous linkage groups in a sugarcane cultivar.	sugarcane varieties are complex polyploids carrying in excess of 100 chromosomes and are derived from interspecific hybridisation between the domesticated saccharum officinarum and the wild relative s. spontaneum. a map was constructed in denotes variety covered by australian plant breeding rights., an australian cultivar, from a segregating f1 population, using 40 amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) primer combinations, five randomly amplified dna fingerprints (raf) primers and 72 sim ...	2005	15700149
effect of d-003, a mixture of very-long-chain aliphatic acids purified from sugarcane wax, on cerebral ischemia in mongolian gerbils.	d-003 is a mixture of very-high-molecular-weight aliphatic acids purified from sugar cane wax (saccharum officinarum), which inhibits platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of d-003 on cerebral ischemia induced by ischemia-reperfusion (i-r) in mongolian gerbils. two experimental series were conducted. the first series investigated the effects of d-003 on cerebral edema, neurological symptoms, and mortality in mongolian gerbils w ...	2005	16379559
on-line identification of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) methoxyflavones by liquid chromatography-uv detection using post-column derivatization and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.	sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l., gramineae) bagasse and leaves were investigated for their flavonoid content and transgenic sugarcane ("bowman-birk" and "kunitz") was compared with non-modified ("control") plants. analyses were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array uv detection (lc/uv), also using post-column addition of shift reagents, and tandem ms (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-ms/ms and collision-induced dissociation-ms). on-line uv and m ...	2005	16038194
ceriporiopsis subvermispora used in delignification of sugarcane bagasse prior to soda/anthraquinone pulping.	sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with the white-rot fungus ceriporiopsis subvermispora for 30 d of incubation. the solid-state fermentation of 800 g of bagasse was carried out in 20-l bioreactors with an inoculum charge of 250 mg of fungal mycelium/kg of bagasse. the oxidative enzymes manganese peroxidase (mnp), lignin peroxidase (lip), and laccase (lac) and the hydrolytic enzyme xylanase (xyl) were measured by standard methods and related to the fungus's potential for delignification. among the ...	2005	15920273
perspectives on bioenergy and biotechnology in brazil.	brazil is one of the world's largest producers of alcohol from biomass at low cost and is responsible for more than 1 million direct jobs. in 1973, the brazilian program of alcohol (proalcool) stimulated the creation of a bioethanol industry that has led to large economic, social, and scientific improvements. in the year 1984, 94.5% of brazil's cars used bioethanol as fuel. in 2003/2004, 350.3 million of sugarcane produced 24.2 million t of sugar and 14.4 billion l of ethanol for an average 4.3 ...	2005	15917587
population dynamics of digitaria spp submitted to selection pressure by herbicides in sugarcane crop.	the objective of this research was to study population dynamics of the weed crabgrass, genus digitaria, submitted to selection pressure by herbicides currently applied in sugarcane crops in brazil. in the first experiment two crabgrass species (digitaria nuda and digitaria ciliaris) and eight herbicide treatments applied in preemergence were used, and control percentage was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days after herbicide application (daa). in the second experiment the level of tolerance through ...	2005	15656158
reduced susceptibility to tebufenozide in populations of the sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in louisiana.	susceptibility of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), to tebufenozide was measured using a feeding bioassay, and values obtained were compared with baselines generated before the use of this insecticide in louisiana sugarcane, saccharum spp. results from our study suggest that susceptibility to tebufenozide is decreasing in field-collected sugarcane borers. inflections in the log dosage-probit lines were detected for many of the field collections, indicating increased heterogeneity w ...	2005	16022328
characterization of cenh3 and centromere-associated dna sequences in sugarcane.	centromere-specific histone h3 (cenh3) has been used to detect active centromeres, and to analyse the dna sequences closely associated with the centromere, because they localize only in active centromeres and bind directly to the dna. in maize and rice, the centromeric retrotransposons (cr) are shown to be closely associated with their own cenh3 whereas no such association was found in arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, this sort of association was investigated in sugarcane. two expressed sequ ...	2005	15861308
biofibers from agricultural byproducts for industrial applications.	lignocellulosic agricultural byproducts are a copious and cheap source for cellulose fibers. agro-based biofibers have the composition, properties and structure that make them suitable for uses such as composite, textile, pulp and paper manufacture. in addition, biofibers can also be used to produce fuel, chemicals, enzymes and food. byproducts produced from the cultivation of corn, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley, sugarcane, pineapple, banana and coconut are the major sources of agro-based biofibe ...	2005	15629854
study on ground water characteristics and the effects of discharged effluents from textile units at karur district.	a study was made on the physico-chemical characteristics of water samples mixed with effluent discharged from textile industries at chellandipalayam (site--i), senaparatti (site--ii) and pasupathipalayam (sites--iii and iv) revealed the elevated levels of ca, mg, na, cr, k, ni, cu, zn, co3, so4, no3 and cl- . the concentrations of these ions exceeded the limit prescribed by isi. the increase in the concentrations of ions was revealed by higher values of electrical conductivity (ec). water at the ...	2005	16161984
characterization of antifungal metabolite produced by a new strain pseudomonas aeruginosa pupa3 that exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity and biofertilizing traits.	to study the antifungal activity and plant beneficial traits of a broad-spectrum antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonad strain, pupa3.	2005	15610427
production of gliotoxin on natural substrates by trichoderma virens.	gliotoxin, an epithiodiketopiperazine toxin produced by the "q" strain of trichoderma virens, is essential for curtailing growth and multiplication of phytopathogens (howell et al. 1993, fravel 1988). three isolates (gv, gv-a and gv-v) of trichoderma virens were grown on natural substrates such as bengal gram hull, gingelly cake, green gram hull, rice bran, soya meal, sugarcane bagasse, soyameal + tapioca, tapioca powder, tapioca peel and wheat bran). it was evident from this study that maximum ...	2005	15678558
identification of functional sequences in the pregenomic rna promoter of the banana streak virus cavendish strain (bsv-cav).	the promoter regions of plant pararetroviruses direct transcription of the full-length viral genome into a pregenomic rna that is an intermediate in the replication of the virus. it serves as template for reverse transcription and as polycistronic mrna for translation to viral proteins. we have identified functional promoter elements in the intergenic region of the cavendish isolate of banana streak virus (bsv-cav), a member of the genus badnavirus. potential binding sites for plant transcriptio ...	2005	15681068
biodiversity of rice (oryza sativa l.) and sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) rhizosphere pseudomonads.	fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice and sugarcane and examined for their biodiversity. all fifty strains of the fluorescent pseudomonads produced indole acetic acid. among these pseudomonads, halves of sugarcane rhizosphere isolates and one isolate from the rice rhizosphere exhibited phosphate solubilization activity. on the contrary, majority of the rice rhizosphere pseudomonads, and one isolate from sugarcane rhizosphere exhibited antifungal activity. these fluo ...	2005	15691070
functional promoter analysis using an approach based on an in vitro evolution strategy.	in vitro evolution imitates the natural evolution of genes and has been very successfully applied to the modification of coding sequences, but it has not yet been applied to promoter sequences. we propose an alternative method for functional promoter analysis by applying an in vitro evolution scheme consisting of rounds of error-prone pcr, followed by dna shuffling and selection of mutant promoter activities. we modified the activity in embryogenic sugarcane cells of the promoter region of the " ...	2005	15727127
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in central bolivia: relationships between reservoir hosts, habitats, and viral genotypes.	in august 2002, two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) were confirmed in mineros and concepcion, within the santa cruz department of bolivia. extensive alteration of the native ecosystem, from dense forest to pasture or sugarcane, had occurred in both regions. an ecologic assessment of reservoir species associated with the human disease identified a single hantavirus antibody-positive oligoryzomys microtis from mineros and three hantavirus antibody-positive calomys callosus from concep ...	2005	15728866
further studies on a mixture of fatty acids from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum) wax oil in animal models of hypersensitivity.	a mixture of fatty acids obtained from sugar cane wax oil, the main components of which are palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, was evaluated topically in two experimental models of hypersensitivity: the ear swelling response to ovalbumin in sensitized mice (ed50 edema: 0.63 +/- 0.06 mg/ear, ed50 myeloperoxidase: 0.56 +/- 0.04 mg/ear, ed50 degranulated cells: 0.70 +/- 0,08 mg/ear) and oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice (ed50 edema: 1.63 +/- 0.26 mg/ear, ed50 myeloperox ...	2005	15729619
characterization of a distinct johnsongrass mosaic virus strain isolated from sorghum in nigeria.	a virus isolated from sorghum in nigeria has been partially characterized. it was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using antisera to maize dwarf mosaic virus, johnsongrass mosaic virus (jgmv), sugarcane mosaic virus strain-mdb, sorghum mosaic virus, and zea mosaic virus. a partial host range, symptom phenotypes for selected sorghum lines, and the mass of the coat protein (cp) subunit was analyzed by sodium-dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and its ...	2005	15503220
sucrose partitioning between vascular bundles and storage parenchyma in the sugarcane stem: a potential role for the shsut1 sucrose transporter.	a transporter with homology to the sut/suc family of plant sucrose transporters was isolated from a sugarcane (saccharum hybrid) stem cdna library. the gene, designated shsut1, encodes a protein of 517 amino acids, including 12 predicted membrane-spanning domains and a large central cytoplasmic loop. shsut1 was demonstrated to be a functional sucrose transporter by expression in yeast. the estimated k(m) for sucrose of the shsut1 transporter was 2 mm at ph 5.5. shsut1 was expressed predominantly ...	2005	15517352
benzo[a]pyrene removal from soil by phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on sugarcane bagasse and pine sawdust.	the capacity of phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on soil with added sugarcane baggase (bp) and pine sawdust (ps) to remove benzo(a)pyrene (bap) was studied. a half factorial two-level experiment 2(4-1) was designed to determine the effect of: type of lignocellulosic material (bp and ps) for fungus growth, age of fungus (5 and 10d), amount of lignocellulosic material (10% and 15% w/w) and soil moisture content (water holding capacity of 45% and 56% w/w). inoculum obtained at different ages showe ...	2005	15522327
identification of a naturally occurring recombinant isolate of sugarcane mosaic virus causing maize dwarf mosaic disease.	the complete nucleotide sequence of a potyvirus causing severe maize dwarf mosaic disease in shaanxi province, northwestern china was determined (genbank accession no. ay569692). the full genome is 9596 nucleotides in length excluding the 3 '-terminal poly (a) sequence. it contains a large open reading frame (orf) flanked by a 149 nt 5'-untranslated region (utr) and a 255 nt 3'-utr. the putative polyprotein encoded by this large orf comprises of 3063 amino acid residues. sequence comparisons and ...	2005	15744565
organophosphorus derivatives containing piperazine dithiosemicarbazones as chemotherapeutants against fungal pathogens of sugarcane.	five novel organophosphorus derivatives have been synthesized by the reactions of o,o-diethylchlorophosphate with piperazine dithiosemicarbazones. the derivatives have been characterized on the basis of analyses and spectral (ir, 1h nmr) data. fungicidal activities of these derivatives against colletotrichum falcatum, fusarium oxysporum, and curvularia pallescence have been evaluated. the screening results have been correlated with the structural features of the tested compounds. organophosphoru ...	2005	15769154
effects of concurrent therapy with policosanol and omega-3 fatty acids on lipid profile and platelet aggregation in rabbits.	policosanol is a mixture of high-molecular-weight aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from sugarcane wax with cholesterol-lowering and antiplatelet effects. omega-3 fatty acids (fa) from fish oil can protect against coronary disease. an antiarrhythmic mechanism is emerging as the most convincing explanation for omega-3 fa cardiovascular protection, but triglyceride (tg)-lowering effects and inhibition of platelet function could play a role. in view of the effects of policosanol and omega-3 fa on ...	2005	15806713
glycoproteins from sugarcane plants regulate cell polarity of ustilago scitaminea teliospores.	saccharum officinarum, cv. mayarí, is a variety of sugarcane resistant to smut disease caused by ustilago scitaminea. sugarcane naturally produces glycoproteins that accumulate in the parenchymatous cells of stalks. these glycoproteins contain a heterofructan as polysaccharide moiety. the concentration of these glycoproteins clearly increases after inoculation of sugarcane plants with smut teliospores, although major symptoms of disease are not observed. these glycoproteins induce homotypic adhe ...	2005	15832677
identification by suppression subtractive hybridization of genes that are differentially expressed between near-isogenic maize lines in association with sugarcane mosaic virus resistance.	the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) infection in maize are poorly understood. a study of differential expression was conducted to identify genes involved in resistance to scmv. in this study, we combined suppression subtractive hybridization and macroarray hybridization to identify genes that are differently expressed in the near isogenic lines f7+ (scmv resistant) and f7 (susceptible). altogether, 302 differentially expressed gene ...	2005	15891912
simple, inexpensive media for mass production of three entomophthoralean fungi.	the entomophthoralean fungi batkoa sp., furia sp. and neozygites floridana have been suggested for biocontrol of insect pests: the first two for control of spittlebug pests of pasture and sugarcane, and the third for mites of agricultural importance. to develop these agents as biopesticides and bioacaricides, it is important to have available culture media that maximize production at low cost. the research reported here evaluates, in different combinations and concentrations, the effect of four ...	2005	15912950
lipase production by solid-state fermentation: cultivation conditions and operation of tray and packed-bed bioreactors.	the production of lipase by penicillium simplicissimum in solid-state fermentation was studied using babassu cake as the basal medium. tray-type and packed-bed bioreactors were employed. in the former, the influence of temperature; content of the medium, and medium supplementation with olive oil, sugarcane molasses, corn steep liquor, and yeast hydrolysate was studied. for all combinations of supplements, a temperature of 30 degrees c, a moisture content of 70%, and a concentration of carbon sou ...	2005	15917592
sugarcane bagasse pulps: biobleaching with commercial cartazyme hs and with bacillus pumilus xylanase.	organosolv (ethanol/water and acetosolv) pulps were treated with bacillus pumilus xylanase for 4, 8, and 12 h and compared with commercial cartazyme hs xylanase-treated pulps. treatment of ethanol/water pulps with b. pumilus xylanase increased viscosity by 40% in 8 h of treatment compared with pulps treated without enzyme. however, acetosolv pulps treated with b. pumilus xylanase lost viscosity. ethanol/water pulps treated with cartazyme had a viscosity of 18.5 cp in 4 h of treatment. in the ace ...	2005	15917597
enzymatic bleaching of organosolv sugarcane bagasse pulps with recombinant xylanase of the fungus humicola grisea and with commercial cartazyme hs xylanase.	organosolv (ethanol/water and acetosolv) pulps were treated with humicola grisea var. thermoidea and compared with cartazyme hs xylanase-treated pulp. the ethanol/water pulps treated with h. grisea had the same viscosity as unbleached pulps (8 cp). ethanol/water pulps treated with cartazyme had higher viscosity than h. grisea-treated pulps (12 cp). acetosolv pulps treated with h. grisea and cartazyme presented a reduction in viscosity; however, the pulps treated with h. grisea had a lower reduct ...	2005	15917599
evaluation of inoculum of candida guilliermondii grown in presence of glucose on xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities and xylitol production during batch fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate.	the effect of glucose on xylose-xylitol metabolism in fermentation medium consisting of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was evaluated by employing an inoculum of candida guilliermondii grown in synthetic media containing, as carbon sources, glucose (30 g/l), xylose (30 g/l), or a mixture of glucose (2 g/l) and xylose (30 g/l). the inoculum medium containing glucose promoted a 2.5-fold increase in xylose reductase activity (0.582 iu/mgprot) and a 2-fold increase in xylitol dehydrogenase activity (0 ...	2005	15917619
sugarcane bagasse as raw material and immobilization support for xylitol production.	xylose-to-xylitol bioconversion was performed utilizing candida guilliermondii immobilized in sugarcane bagasse and cultured in erlenmeyer flasks using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as the source of xylose. fermentations were carried out according to a factorial design, and the independent variables considered were treatment, average diameter, and amount of bagasse used as support for cell immobilization. by increasing the amount of support, the xylitol yield decreased, whereas the biomass yield ...	2005	15920271
optimization of acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and investigations on its fermentability for the production of xylitol by candida guilliermondii.	the dilute-acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was optimized using a statistical experimental design resulting in hydrolysates containing 57.25 g/l of xylose, which were fermented with a high inoculum concentration (10 g/l of the yeast candida guilliermondii im/ufrj 50088). the addition of urea reduced the time of conversion (tc) to 75 h (without nitrogen source addition tc > 127 h), and, consequently, improving the rates of xylitol bioproduction. fermentator experiments, using the optimized co ...	2005	15920277
nitrogenase proteins from gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, a sugarcane-colonizing bacterium.	gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus pal-5 grew well and expressed nitrogenase activity in the absence of nh4+ and at initial o2 concentrations greater than 5% in the culture atmosphere. g. diazotrophicus nitrogenase consisted of two components, gd1 and gd2, which were difficult to separate but were purified individually to homogeneity. their compositions were very similar to those of azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase, however, all subunits were slightly smaller in size. the purified gd1 protein co ...	2005	15925553
chemical and biological changes during composting of different organic wastes and assessment of compost maturity.	changes in organic c, total n, c:n ratio, activities of cellulase, xylanase and protease, and microbial population were determined during composting of different organic wastes such as mixture of sugarcane trash and cattle dung, press mud, poultry waste and water hyacinth biomass. there were losses of n in poultry waste and water hyacinth with the effect an initial increase in c:n ratio was observed which decreased later on due to decomposition. the activities of cellulase, xylanase and protease ...	2005	15978991
beta-methyl-xyloside: positive effect on xylanase induction in cellulomonas flavigena.	synthesis of extracellular xylanase in cellulomonas flavigena is induced in the presence of xylan and sugarcane bagasse as substrates. the essential factors for efficient production of xylanase are the appropriate medium composition and an inducing substrate. the increase in xylanase production levels in c. flavigena were tested with a number of carbon sources and different culture conditions. xylose, arabinose, glycerol and glucose did not induce xylanase production in this microorganism. beta- ...	2005	15986227
functional gna expressed in escherichia coli with high efficiency and its effect on ceratovacuna lanigera zehntner.	the mannose-specific gna (galanthus nivalis agglutinin, snowdrop lectin) are the resistant proteins with many bioactivities. snowdrop lectin is different with plant organs and development periods in lectin species, content, and bioactivities. it is an effective and cheap way to obtain much active gna through overexpression of gna gene in escherichia coli. constructs encoding mature gna fused with an n-terminal pelb signal sequence protein (pelb) were expressed in e. coli with high efficiency. re ...	2005	16001253
production of biologically active gm-csf in sugarcane: a secure biofactory.	over 300 transgenic sugarcane plants representing approx. 200 independent lines producing the human cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) were analyzed for recombinant protein accumulation and activity levels. expression constructs differed in use of the maize polyubiquitin 1, mubi-1, or the sugarcane polyubiquitin 9, scubi9, promoters; presence or absence of a c-terminal hdel tag for er retention; and presence or absence of a 6x histidine tag for metal ion affinity ...	2005	16022388
design, development, and use of molecular primers and probes for the detection of gluconacetobacter species in the pink sugarcane mealybug.	molecular tools for the species-specific detection of gluconacetobacter sacchari, gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, and gluconacetobacter liquefaciens from the pink sugarcane mealybug (psmb) saccharicoccus sacchari cockerell (homiptera: pseudococcidae) were developed and used in polymerase chain reactions (pcr) and in fluorescence in situ hybridizations (fish) to better understand the microbial diversity and the numerical significance of the acetic acid bacteria in the psmb microenvironment. the ...	2005	16047097
the diversity of banana streak virus isolates in uganda.	in a study of the variation among isolates of banana streak virus (bsv) in uganda, 140 sequences were obtained from 49 samples by pcr across the conserved reverse transcriptase/rnaseh region of the genome. pairwise comparison of these sequences suggested that they represented 15 different species and phylogenetic analyses showed that all species fell into three major clades based on 28% sequence difference. in addition to the ugandan sequences, clade i also contained bsv species that are known a ...	2005	16096705
xanthomonas albilineans htpg is required for biosynthesis of the antibiotic and phytotoxin albicidin.	xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of leaf scald disease of sugarcane, produces a highly potent polyketide-peptide antibiotic and phytotoxin called albicidin. previous studies established the involvement of a large cluster of genes in the biosynthesis of this toxin. we report here the sub-cloning and sequencing of an additional gene outside of the main cluster and essential for albicidin biosynthesis. this gene encodes a 634-amino-acid protein that shows high identity with the escherichia ...	2005	16102911
effect of d-003 on intravascular platelet aggregation induced with collagen in rats.	d-003 is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar-cane (saccharum officinarum l.) wax that inhibits platelet aggregation induced ex vivo by addition of agonists to platelet-rich plasma (prp) of rats, guinea pigs, and healthy human volunteers. because the ex vivo platelet aggregation model does not mimic properly platelet aggregation occurring inside the arteries, since all blood factors regulating the formation of a platelet aggregate or thrombus are not present in prp, th ...	2005	16117616
effect of d-003 on intimal thickening and circulating endothelial cells in rabbit cuffed carotid artery.	d-003 is a mixture of very-high-molecular-weight aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar-cane (saccharum officinarum l.) wax, in which octacosanoic acid is the most abundant component. previous experimental studies have shown that d-003 not only shows cholesterol-lowering and anti-platelet effects, but also reduces thromboxane b2 and increases prostacyclin levels. it acts by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. the positioning of a non-occlusive silicone collar around the rabbit carotid arte ...	2005	16117617
a loop 2 cytidine-stem 1 minor groove interaction as a positive determinant for pseudoknot-stimulated -1 ribosomal frameshifting.	the molecular determinants of stimulation of -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 prf) by rna pseudoknots are poorly understood. sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) encodes a 28-nt mrna pseudoknot that promotes -1 prf between the p1 (protease) and p2 (polymerase) genes in plant luteoviruses. the solution structure of the scylv pseudoknot reveals a well ordered loop 2 (l2) that exhibits continuous stacking of a20 through c27 in the minor groove of the upper stem 1 (s1), with c25 flipped out ...	2005	16123125