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heterologous expression of cyp102a5 variant from bacillus cereus cyppb-1: validation of model for predicting drug metabolism of human p450 probe substrates.cyp102a5 variant (adl27534) from isolated bacillus cereus cyppb-1 was heterologously expressed in escherichia coli top 10 cells. comparative sequence analysis of purified cyp102a5 variant with respect to reported cyp102a5 (aap10153) from bacillus cereus atcc 14579 revealed amino acid sequence changes at positions p245s and m318i of heme domain. the binding affinities of 15 selected human p450 probe substrates towards isolated cyp102a5 were analyzed in silico using a homology model together with ...201323287855
sporulation environment of emetic toxin-producing bacillus cereus strains determines spore size, heat resistance and germination capacity.heat resistance, germination and outgrowth capacity of bacillus cereus spores in processed foods are major factors in causing the emetic type of gastrointestinal disease. in this study, we aim to identify the impact of different sporulation conditions on spore properties of emetic toxin-producing b. cereus strains.201323279596
structural basis for the activation mechanism of the plcr virulence regulator by the quorum-sensing signal peptide papr.the quorum-sensing regulator plcr is the master regulator of most known virulence factors in bacillus cereus. it is a helix-turn-helix (hth)-type transcription factor activated upon binding of its cognate signaling peptide papr on a tetratricopeptide repeat-type regulatory domain. the structural and functional properties of plcr have defined a new family of sensor regulators, called the rnpp family (for rap, nprr, prgx, and plcr), in gram-positive bacteria. to fully understand the activation mec ...201323277548
changes in microbial contamination levels of porcine carcasses and fresh pork in slaughterhouses, processing lines, retail outlets, and local markets by commercial distribution.the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in microbial contamination levels of each porcine carcass and fresh pork in a general distribution process. a total of 100 commercial pigs were sampled (six sampling sites per individual, total 600 samples) at four sequential stages: slaughterhouse (after carcass grading and boning), processing line, retail outlet, and local market. no significant differences were observed in the contaminant percentages among sampling sites and sample colle ...201323273786
the dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitors vildagliptin and k-579 inhibit a phospholipase c: a case of promiscuous scaffolds in proteins.the long term side effects of any newly introduced drug is a subject of intense research, and often raging controversies. one such example is the dipeptidyl peptidase-iv (dpp4) inhibitor used for treating type 2 diabetes, which is inconclusively implicated in increased susceptibility to acute pancreatitis. previously, based on a computational analysis of the spatial and electrostatic properties of active site residues, we have demonstrated that phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) ...201325671081
live-cell imaging tool optimization to study gene expression levels and dynamics in single cells of bacillus cereus.single-cell methods are a powerful application in microbial research to study the molecular mechanism underlying phenotypic heterogeneity and cell-to-cell variability. here, we describe the optimization and application of single-cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy for the food spoilage bacterium bacillus cereus specifically. this technique is useful to study cellular development and adaptation, gene expression, protein localization, protein mobility, and cell-to-cell communication over time ...201323851094
purification and characterization of two polyhydroxyalcanoates from bacillus cereus.this work aimed to study the potential of 155 strains of bacillus sp., isolated from a collection of tunisian microorganisms, for polyhydroxyalcanoates production. the strains were submitted to a battery of standard tests commonly used for determining bioplastic properties. the findings revealed that two of the isolates, namely bacillus us 163 and us 177, provided red excitations at a wavelength of approximately 543 nm. the polyhydroxyalcanoates produced by the two strains were purified. gas chr ...201323850680
short communication: presence of neutral metallopeptidase (npr) gene and proteolytic activity of bacillus cereus isolated from dairy products.the control of proteolytic microorganisms is one of the main challenges of the dairy industry, due to their spoilage activity that jeopardizes the quality of their products. seventy-four bacillus cereus strains isolated from powdered, uht, and pasteurized milks were tested for the presence of the neutral metallopeptidase (npr) gene and proteolytic activity at 7, 10, 25, 30, and 37°c. all strains had the npr gene, and proteolytic activity increased with the incubation temperature. the obtained re ...201323849645
characterization and application of enterocin rm6, a bacteriocin from enterococcus faecalis.use of bacteriocins in food preservation has received great attention in recent years. the goal of this study is to characterize enterocin rm6 from enterococcus faecalis osy-rm6 and investigate its efficacy against listeria monocytogenes in cottage cheese. enterocin rm6 was purified from e. faecalis culture supernatant using ion exchange column, multiple c18-silica cartridges, followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the molecular weight of enterocin rm6 is 7145.0823 as ...201323844357
screening for bacillus subtilis group isolates that degrade cyanogens at ph 4.5-5.0.cyanogenic food crops abound in nature with important crops like cassava forming the staple food for over half a billion people. detoxification by hydrolysis of cassava cyanogenic glycosides often involves acid fermentation, and in some of these processes bacillus species are encountered. forty bacillus spp. (20 bacillus subtilis, 11 bacillus licheniformis, 7 bacillus sonorensis, 2 bacillus cereus) isolated from acid fermented primary starters to produce gergoush, a sudanese fermented snack, wer ...201323261810
growth/no growth models for heat-treated psychrotrophic bacillus cereus spores under cold storage.the microbiological safety of refrigerated and processed foods of extended durability (repfed) is linked to spore-forming pathogens, more specifically clostridium botulinum and bacillus cereus. in this study two sets of growth/no growth (gng) models are presented for the spores of two b. cereus strains. the models incorporate both product (water activity (a(w)) and ph) and process parameters (pasteurization value at 90 °c (p(90)) or heating temperature). the first model evaluates the effect of f ...201323246607
bioactive metabolites from an endophytic cryptosporiopsis sp. inhabiting clidemia hirta.an endophytic cryptosporiopsis sp. was isolated from clidemia hirta and analyzed for its secondary metabolites that lead to the isolation of three bioactive molecules. the compounds were purified from the culture broth of the fungus and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods as (r)-5-hydroxy-2-methylchroman-4-one (1), 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)pentan-1-one (2) and (z)-1-(2-(2-butyryl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybut-2-en-1-one (3). compound 1 exhibited significant ...201323870821
effects of lipid emulsion and multivitamins on the growth of microorganisms in peripheral parenteral nutrition solutions.blood stream infections caused by bacillus cereus or serratia marcescens in patients receiving peripheral parenteral nutrition (ppn) have occasionally been reported in japan, but these microorganisms are not major causes of blood stream infections in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition via a central venous catheter. in japan, commercially available ppn solutions contain amino acids, glucose, and electrolytes, but not contain lipid emulsion (le) and multivitamins (mv). in this study, th ...201323869182
biochemical characterization and antitumor study of l-glutaminase from bacillus cereus mtcc 1305.l-glutaminase (e.c.3.5.2.1) extracellularly produced by bacillus cereus mtcc 1305 was purified to apparent homogeneity with a fine band. the molecular weight of native enzyme and its subunit were found to be approximately 140 and 35 kda, respectively, which indicates its homotetrameric nature. the substrate specificity test of this enzyme showed its specificity for l-glutamine. the purified enzyme showed maximum activity at optimum ph 7.5 and temperature 35 °c. the enzyme retained stability up t ...201323873638
antimicrobial potential of flavoring ingredients against bacillus cereus in a milk-based beverage.natural ingredients--cinnamon, cocoa, vanilla, and anise--were assessed based on bacillus cereus vegetative cell growth inhibition in a mixed liquid whole egg and skim milk beverage (lwe-sm), under different conditions: ingredient concentration (1, 2.5, and 5% [wt/vol]) and incubation temperature (5, 10, and 22 °c). according to the results obtained, ingredients significantly (p<0.05) reduced bacterial growth when supplementing the lwe-sm beverage. b. cereus behavior was mathematically described ...201323909775
draft genome sequence of bacillus cereus strain f, isolated from ancient permafrost.bacillus cereus strain f was isolated and cultured from a sample of permafrost, aged presumably about 3 million years, on the mammoth mountain (62°56'n, 133°59'e). these genome data provide the basis to investigate bacillus cereus f, identified as a long-term survivor of the extremely cold and close environment.201323908292
[diarrhoea and oedema in two show horses after feeding a pelleted supplemental feed for horses according to vdlufa's perspective of microbial quality classified as safe for use in horses].a new batch of a supplemental feed was fed as pellets (diameter 8 mm) to two warmblood-type horses. one horse developed watery diarrhoea within two days. pronounced oedema due to hypalbuminemia was seen about ten days later. the feed was replaced by pellets of identical composition and mixing process, but lower diameter (5 mm). after one week of feeding, oedema regressed and faeces were normally formed. at refeeding the larger sized pellets, the symptoms recurred, but now both horses were affect ...201323901590
antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents of leaf extracts of cassia auriculata.plants produce a wide variety of phytochemical constituents, which are secondary metabolites and are used either directly or indirectly in the pharmaceutical industry. 'for centuries, man has effectively used various components of plants or their extracts for the treatment of many diseases, including bacterial infections. in the present study methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts of cassia auriculata leaf were subjected for antimicrobial activity by well-diffusion method against six bacteria ...201323901174
expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) from bacillus cereus.aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) catalyses the oxidation of aldehydes using nad(p)(+) as a cofactor. most aldehydes are toxic at low levels. aldhs are used to regulate metabolic intermediate aldehydes. the aldh gene from bacillus cereus was cloned and the aldh protein was expressed, purified and crystallized. a crystal of the aldh protein diffracted to 2.6 å resolution and belonged to the monoclinic space group p21, with unit-cell parameters a = 83.5, b = 93.3, c = 145.5 å, β = 98.05°. four protome ...201323695569
antimicrobial activity of schinus lentiscifolius (anacardiaceae).schinus lentiscifolius marchand (syn. schinus weinmannifolius engl) is a plant native to rio grande do sul (southern brazil) and has been used in brazilian traditional medicine as antiseptic and antimicrobial for the treatment of many different health problems as well as to treat leucorrhea and to assist in ulcer and wound healing. although it is a plant widely used by the population, there are no studies proving this popular use.201323684720
2,2'-dithienyl diselenide pro-oxidant activity accounts for antibacterial and antifungal activities.the aim of this study was to explore if 2,2'-dithienyl diselenide (dtds) pro-oxidant activity is related to its antibacterial and antifungal actions. the antimicrobial activity of dtds against bacterial and fungal was investigated in the broth microdilution assay (3.02-387 μg/ml). additionally, the survival curve of microorganisms in the presence of dtds (12.09-193.5 μg/ml) was performed. the involvement of pro-oxidant activity in the dtds antimicrobial action was investigated by supplementing t ...201323683588
sphingomyelin regulates the transbilayer movement of diacylglycerol in the plasma membrane of madin-darby canine kidney cells.diacylglycerol (dag) is a key component in lipid metabolism and signaling. previous model membrane studies using dag analogs suggest their rapid membrane transbilayer movement. however, little is known about the dag distribution and dynamics in cell membranes. using live-cell fluorescence microscopy, we monitored the transbilayer movement of dag with the yellow fluorescent protein-tagged c1ab domain from protein kinase c-γ (eyfp-c1ab), which selectively binds dag. when hela cells were treated wi ...201323682124
two rep genes in small cryptic plasmid pkst21 of escherichia coli.the complete nucleotide sequence of a small cryptic plasmid pkst21 from escherichia coli was determined. this plasmid is 1,460 bp long with an overall gc content of 51 %. based on sequence analysis, the presence of two segments with different average gc density was observed. the segment with higher gc content revealed 98-90 % similarity to several small plasmids of e. coli and to pcr1 from gram-positive corynebacterium renale. plasmid pkst21 possesses two conversely oriented open reading frames ...201323680975
causes of infectious acute diarrhea in infants treated at pediatric clinic.the aim of this work has been a presentation of causes of acute infectious diarrhea.201323678831
potential applications for annona squamosa leaf extract in the treatment and prevention of foodborne bacterial disease.foodborne disease is a major public health problem. the present study examined annona squamosa leaves, which are traditionally used to treat diarrhea and other infections, for their potential to be used in modern food safety or medicine. active constituents were partially purified by ethanol extraction and column chromatography. mics of the extract were 62.5 to 125 microg/ml against bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus, and 250 microg/ml against campylobacter jejuni. ...201323678817
[transcriptional regulation of exosporium basal layer structural gene exsb in bacillus thuringiensis by sigmak and gere].to identify the transcriptional regulation of exosporium basal layer structural gene exsb in bacillus thuringiensis.201323678570
bacillus subtilis as a tool for screening soil metagenomic libraries for antimicrobial activities.finding new antimicrobial activities by functional metagenomics has been shown to depend on the heterologous host used to express the foreign dna. therefore, efforts are devoted to developing new tools for constructing metagenomic libraries in shuttle vectors replicatable in phylogenetically distinct hosts. here we evaluated the use of the escherichia coli-bacillus subtilis shuttle vector pht01 to construct a forest-soil metagenomic library. this library was screened in both hosts for antimicrob ...201323676924
synthesis of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-12 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate) by bacillus cereus fb11: its characterization and application as a drug carrier.the synthesis of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate is investigated in this work for it potential application as drug carrier for cancer therapy. the bacterial isolate bacillus cereus fb11 has synthesized poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer under nutrient stress conditions using glucose as a sole carbon source. the ftir spectrum of the purified copolymer showed the characteristic absorption bands at 1,719, 1,260 and 2,931 cm(-1) attributing to c=o, c-o stretching and c-h vibratio ...201323674059
effects of nisin-incorporated films on the microbiological and physicochemical quality of minimally processed mangoes.the aim of this study is to examine the effects of nisin-incorporated cellulose films on the physicochemical and microbiological qualities of minimally processed mangoes. the use of antimicrobial films did not affect the physicochemical characteristics of mangoes and showed antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and bacillus cereus. the mango slices were inoculated with s. aureus and l. monocytogenes (10(7)cfu/g), and the vi ...201323673058
study of the interference between plectranthus species essential oils from brazil and aminoglycosides.plectranthus is one of the most representative genera of lamiaceae family. in this study, the essential oils from plectranthus amboinicus, plectranthus ornatus, and plectranthus barbatus were investigated for their chemical composition and antimicrobial and modulatory activities. the major components found were carvacrol (54.4%-p. amboinicus) and eugenol (22.9%-p. ornatus e 25.1%-p. barbatus). in vitro antimicrobial activity was conducted against escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, bacillus cere ...201323662150
identifying risk factors for eggshell contamination by bacillus cereus group bacteria in french laying farms.1. the growth of bacillus cereus group bacteria often limits the shelf-life of pasteurised liquid egg products and is also a putative toxin producer. this study was performed to better understand the route of contamination by b. cereus in egg products by studying the factors affecting eggshell contamination on-farm. 2. eggs were collected in warm and cold seasons in 50 conventional laying farms in western france. egg surfaces were analysed for the presence of b. cereus group bacteria, environmen ...201323650940
characterization and complete genome sequence of a virulent bacteriophage b4 infecting food-borne pathogenic bacillus cereus.bacillus cereus causes food poisoning, resulting in vomiting and diarrhea, due to production of enterotoxins. as a means of controlling this food-borne pathogen, the virulent bacteriophage b4 was isolated and characterized. bacterial challenge assays showed that phage b4 effectively inhibited growth of members of the b. cereus group as well as b. subtilis, and growth inhibition persisted for over 20 h. one-step growth analysis also revealed the host lysis activity of phage b4, with relatively sh ...201323649177
contaminated ventilator air flow sensor linked to bacillus cereus colonization of newborns.we investigated bacillus cereus-positive tracheal aspirates from infants on ventilators in a neonatal intensive care unit. multilocus sequence typing determined a genetic match between strains isolated from samples from a case-patient and from the air flow sensor in the ventilator. changing the sterilization method for sensors to steam autoclaving stopped transmission.201323647973
partial purification and characterization of chiio8, a novel antifungal chitinase produced by bacillus cereus io8.to investigate the distribution of chitinase io8 in bacillus cereus strains, the enhancing effects of the chitinase-producing b. cereus strains on biocontrol potential by dual culture assay and in vivo assay against botrytis cinerea and also the enhancing effects of the chiio8 on disinfectant properties against seed-borne diseases. moreover, the application of chiio8 treatment was also observed to improve the germinative energy.201323647603
cinnamon oil nanoemulsion formulation by ultrasonic emulsification: investigation of its bactericidal activity.cinnamon oil (extracted from cinnamomum zeylanicum) nanoemulsion was formulated using tween 80 and water by ultrasonic emulsification. process of nanoemulsion formulation was optimized for parameters such as surfactant concentration, oil-surfactant mixing ratio and emulsification time. surfactant concentration was found to be inversely related to droplet size and directly related to stability. increase in emulsification time resulted in decrease in droplet diameter. stable cinnamon oil formulati ...201323646705
food safety knowledge and practices of abattoir and butchery shops and the microbial profile of meat in mekelle city, ethiopia.to assess the food safety knowledge and practices in meat handling, and to determine microbial load and pathogenic organisms in meat at mekelle city.201323646306
complex formation between nheb and nhec is necessary to induce cytotoxic activity by the three-component bacillus cereus nhe enterotoxin.the nonhemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) is known as a major pathogenicity factor for the diarrheal type of food poisoning caused by bacillus cereus. the nhe complex consists of nhea, nheb and nhec, all of them required to reach maximum cytotoxicity following a specific binding order on cell membranes. here we show that complexes, formed between nheb and nhec under natural conditions before targeting the host cells, are essential for toxicity in vero cells. to enable detection of nhec and its interact ...201323646182
effect of the temperature of the dipping solution on the antimicrobial effectiveness of various chemical decontaminants against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on poultry.the influence of the temperature of the dipping solution on the antimicrobial effectiveness of several chemical poultry decontaminants was assessed. a total of 765 poultry legs were inoculated with gram-positive bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, or brochothrix thermosphacta) or gram-negative bacteria (salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis, escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, or pseudomonas fluorescens). samples were dipped for 15 min in solutions ...201323643125
interaction between bacillus cereus and cultured human enterocytes: effect of calcium, cell differentiation, and bacterial extracellular factors.bacillus cereus interaction with cultured human enterocytes and the signaling pathways responsible for the biological effects of the infection were investigated. results demonstrate that calcium depletion increases the ability of strains t1 and 2 to invade cells. bacteria associated in greater extent to undifferentiated enterocytes and extracellular factors from strain 2 increased its own association and invasion. inhibitors of signaling pathways related to phosphorylated lipids (u73122 and wort ...201323643123
effects of copaifera duckei dwyer oleoresin on the cell wall and cell division of bacillus cereus.the aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of copaifera duckei oleoresin and to determine its possible mechanism of action against bacteria of clinical and food interest. the antibacterial activity was determined by agar diffusion and dilution methods; the mechanism of action by transmission electron microscopy and by sds-page; the bioactive compounds by bioautography; and the chemical analysis by gc/ms. oleoresin showed activity against nine of the 11 strains of bacteria te ...201323639986
process parameters for decolorization and biodegradation of orange ii (acid orange 7) in dye-simulated minimal salt medium and subsequent textile effluent treatment by bacillus cereus (mtcc 9777) rmlau1.in this study, bacillus cereus isolate from tannery effluent was employed for orange ii dye decolorization in simulated minimal salt broth and textile effluent. most of the physicochemical parameters of textile effluent were above the permissible limits. the strain was highly tolerant to dye up to 500 mg l(-1). increasing dye concentration exerted inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth and decolorization. the maximum decolorization of initial 100 mg dye l(-1) was achieved at optimum ph 8.0 an ...201323636502
drosophila melanogaster selection for survival after infection with bacillus cereus spores: evolutionary genetic and phenotypic investigations of respiration and movement.laboratory populations of d. melanogaster have been subjected to selection for survival after live spores of b. cereus were introduced as a pathogenic agent. the present study was designed to investigate correlated traits: respiration as a metabolic trait and movement as a behavioral trait. an underlying hypothesis was that the evolution of increased survival after b. cereus infection exerts a metabolic cost associated with elevated immunity and this would be detected by increased respiration ra ...201323634317
biochemical composition, antimicrobial activities,and anti-quorum-sensing activities of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from hypericum connatum lam. (guttiferae).we studied the polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of hypericum connatum (guttiferae), in addition to their antimicrobial and antiquorum-sensing (aqs) properties. the extracts exhibited a similar polyphenol content and a notable antioxidant activity, which was stronger in the ethanolic extract (ec50=3.2 μg/ml). ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed different polyphenol profiles, with rutin and apigen being the main c ...201323631492
probing determinants of cyclopiazonic acid sensitivity of bacterial ca2+-atpases.cyclopiazonic acid (cpa) is a specific and potent inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+)-atpase 1a (serca1a). despite high sequence similarity to serca1a, listeria monocytogenes ca(2+)-atpase 1 (lmca1) is not inhibited by cpa. to test whether a cpa binding site could be created while maintaining the functionality of the atpase we targeted four amino acid positions in lmca1 for mutational studies based on a multiple sequence alignment of serca-like ca(2+)-atpases and structural analysis o ...201323621633
skin-associated bacillus, staphylococcal and micrococcal species from the house dust mite, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and bacteriolytic enzymes.dust mites produce bacteriolytic enzymes, one of which belongs to the nlpc/p60 superfamily comprising bacterial and fungal proteins. whether this enzyme is derived from the mite or from mite-associated microbes is unclear. to this end, the bacteriology of mites per se, and carpet and mattress dust from a group of asthmatic children and their parents was investigated. dust from parents' and children's mattresses yielded significantly more colony forming units compared with dust from their corresp ...201323783892
bacillus cereus in infant foods: prevalence study and distribution of enterotoxigenic virulence factors in isfahan province, iran.this study was carried out in order to investigate the presences of bacillus cereus and its enterotoxigenic genes in infant foods in isfahan, iran. overall 200 infant foods with various based were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. all samples were culture and the genomic dna was extracted from colonies with typical characters of bacillus cereus. the presences of enterotoxigenic genes were investigated using the pcr technique. eighty-four of two hundred samples (42%) were f ...201323781153
structural and biochemical characterization of an active arylamine n-acetyltransferase possessing a non-canonical cys-his-glu catalytic triad.arylamine n-acetyltransferases (nats), a class of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, catalyze the acetylation of aromatic amine compounds through a strictly conserved cys-his-asp catalytic triad. each residue is essential for catalysis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic nats. indeed, in (human)nat2 variants, mutation of the asp residue to asn, gln, or glu dramatically impairs enzyme activity. however, a putative atypical nat harboring a catalytic triad glu residue was recently identified in bacill ...201323770703
nucleation of platelets with blood-borne pathogens on kupffer cells precedes other innate immunity and contributes to bacterial clearance.through the use of intravital imaging of the liver, we demonstrate a collaborative role for platelets with kupffer cells (kcs) in eradicating blood-borne bacterial infection. under basal conditions, platelets, via the platelet-adhesion receptor gpib, formed transient 'touch-and-go' interactions with von willebrand factor (vwf) constitutively expressed on kcs. bacteria such as bacillus cereus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) were rapidly caught by kcs and triggered platelets ...201323770641
bacillus cereus and severe intestinal infections in preterm neonates: putative role of pooled breast milk.bacillus cereus is an environmental pathogen whose spores resist the usual cleaning procedure applied by the food industry and hospitals. we reported a cluster of severe intestinal infections due to b cereus in 2 very low birth weight neonates from a neonatal intensive care unit.201323769834
microbiological quality of chicken- and pork-based street-vended foods from taichung, taiwan, and laguna, philippines.the microbiological quality of chicken- and pork-based street-food samples from taichung, taiwan's night markets (50) and laguna, philippines' public places (69) was evaluated in comparison to a microbiological guideline for ready-to-eat foods. different bacterial contamination patterns were observed between 'hot-grilled' and 'cold cooked/fried' food types from the two sampling locations with 'hot grilled' foods generally showing better microbiological quality. several samples were found to be u ...201323764220
biological and chemical detection of fumonisins produced on agar medium by fusarium verticillioides isolates collected from corn in sohag, egypt.fusarium verticillioides (sacc.) nirenberg is among the most common fusarium species corn pathogens worldwide, and has been recognized as a fumonisin b1 (fb1) and fumonisin b2 (fb2) producer. in the present work, extracts of 58 f. verticillioides isolates from corn samples collected from sohag governorate, egypt, were tested for their biotoxicity and production of fumonisin toxins. forty-four fusarium verticillioides isolates out of 58 tested produced fb1 or fb1 and fb2 (15 and 29 isolates, resp ...201323760819
antibacterial activity of selected malaysian honey.antibacterial activity of honey is mainly dependent on a combination of its peroxide activity and non-peroxide components. this study aims to investigate antibacterial activity of five varieties of malaysian honey (three monofloral; acacia, gelam and pineapple, and two polyfloral; kelulut and tualang) against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa.201323758747
physiological and transcriptional response of bacillus cereus treated with low-temperature nitrogen gas plasma.this study was conducted to investigate the inactivation kinetics of bacillus cereus vegetative cells upon exposure to low-temperature nitrogen gas plasma and to reveal the mode of inactivation by transcriptome profiling.201323758316
bioactive phenylalanine derivatives and cytochalasins from the soft coral-derived fungus, aspergillus elegans.one new phenylalanine derivative 4'-ome-asperphenamate (1), along with one known phenylalanine derivative (2) and two new cytochalasins, aspochalasin a1 (3) and cytochalasin z24 (4), as well as eight known cytochalasin analogues (5-12) were isolated from the fermentation broth of aspergillus elegans zj-2008010, a fungus obtained from a soft coral sarcophyton sp. collected from the south china sea. their structures and the relative configurations were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic ...201323752358
a novel combinatorial biocatalytic approach for producing antibacterial compounds effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb).two bacterial hosts expressing cloned aromatic oxygenases were used to catalyze the oxidation and polymerization of indole and related substrates, creating mixtures of indigoid compounds comprised of novel dimers and trimers. crude extracts and purified compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of gram-positive organisms, in general, and mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb), in particular. of the 74 compounds tested against m. tuberculosis, ~66 % had minimum inhibitory concentrati ...201323749163
the pore-forming haemolysins of bacillus cereus: a review.the bacillus cereus sensu lato group contains diverse gram-positive spore-forming bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal diseases and severe eye infections in humans. they have also been incriminated in a multitude of other severe, and frequently fatal, clinical infections, such as osteomyelitis, septicaemia, pneumonia, liver abscess and meningitis, particularly in immuno-compromised patients and preterm neonates. the pathogenic properties of this organism are mediated by the synergistic effec ...201323748204
synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel nanocomposite films of chitosan/phosphoramide/fe3o4 nps.new nanocomposite films of chitosan/phosphoramide/1-5% fe3o4 nps were prepared. the fe3o4 nps were synthesized as core-shell nps with starch as a capping agent. the phosphoramide compound was synthesized from the reaction of morpholine with n-4-nitrophenyl phosphoramidic dichloride. the xrd and sem analysis of fe3o4 nps, chitosan (cs), phosphoramide (ph), cs/ph and cs/fe3o4 nps films as well as the nanocomposite films 1-5 containing cs/ph/1-5% fe3o4 nps were investigated and the results confirme ...201323748004
combinational expression of sorbose/sorbosone dehydrogenases and cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone increases 2-keto-l-gulonic acid production in ketogulonigenium vulgare-bacillus cereus consortium.the expression levels of sorbose/sorbosone dehydrogenase genes (sdh and sndh) and the synthesis genes (pqqabcden) of the adjoint cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) were genetically manipulated in ketogulonigenium vulgare to increase the production of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-klg), the precursor of vitamin c, in the consortium of k. vulgare and bacillus cereus. we found that overexpression of sdh-sndh alone in k. vulgare could not significantly enhance the production of 2-klg, revealing the ...201323747604
rapid identification of dairy mesophilic and thermophilic sporeforming bacteria using dna high resolution melt analysis of variable 16s rdna regions.due to their ubiquity in the environment and ability to survive heating processes, sporeforming bacteria are commonly found in foods. this can lead to product spoilage if spores are present in sufficient numbers and where storage conditions favour spore germination and growth. a rapid method to identify the major aerobic sporeforming groups in dairy products, including bacillus licheniformis group, bacillus subtilis group, bacillus pumilus group, bacillus megaterium, bacillus cereus group, geoba ...201323743474
methyl carnosate, an antibacterial diterpene isolated from salvia officinalis leaves.ethanolic extracts of salvia officinalis leaves demonstrated antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus. fractionation of the extracts led to the isolation of the most active antibacterial compound, which, from spectroscopic and lc-ms evidence, was proved to be the diterpene, methyl carnosate.201323738442
development of blood-yolk-polymyxin b-trimethoprim agar for the enumeration of bacillus cereus in various foods.blood-yolk-polymyxin b-trimethoprim agar (bypta) was developed by the addition of egg yolk, laked horse blood, sodium pyruvate, polymyxin b, and trimethoprim, and compared with mannitol-yolk-polymyxin b agar (mypa) for the isolation and enumeration of bacillus cereus (b. cereus) in pure culture and various food samples. in pure culture, there was no statistical difference (p>0.05) between the recoverability and sensitivity of mypa and bypta, whereas bypta exhibited higher specificity (p<0.05). t ...201323732830
aerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) by bacillus cereus isolated from contaminated soil.in this study, biological degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) which is very highly toxic environmentally and an explosive in nitroaromatic character was researched in minimal medium by bacillus cereus isolated from north atlantic treaty organization (nato) tnt-contaminated soils. in contrast to most previous studies, the capability of this bacteria to transform in liquid medium containing tnt was investigated. during degradation, treatment of tnt was followed by high-performance liquid ch ...201323715804
antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan-propolis coated polypropylene films against foodborne pathogens.antibacterial properties of chitosan are well documented in the literature. however its antibacterial effectiveness in the film form is controversial due to the methodological differences in test methods used. in this study, antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan-coated polypropylene films alone and incorporating ethanolic extract of propolis (eep) were evaluated against six foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus, cronobacter sakazakii, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella ...201323707735
cooperation and the evolutionary ecology of bacterial virulence: the bacillus cereus group as a novel study system.how significant is social evolution theory for the maintenance of virulence in natural populations? we assume that secreted, distantly acting virulence factors are highly likely to be cooperative public goods. using this assumption, we discuss and critically assess the potential importance of social interactions for understanding the evolution, diversity and distribution of virulence in the bacillus cereus group, a novel study system for microbial social biology. we conclude that dynamic equilib ...201323702950
antibacterial activity of actinomycetes isolated from different soil samples of sheopur (a city of central india).the main objective of the present study was isolation, purification, and characterization of actinomycetes from soil samples, having antimicrobial activity against 12 selected pathogenic strains. soils samples were taken from different niche habitats of sheopur district, madhya pradesh, india. these samples were serially diluted and plated on actinomycete isolation agar media. potential colonies were screened, purified, and stored in glycerol stock. isolates were morphologically and biochemicall ...201323833752
bacillus cereus immune escape: a journey within macrophages.during bacterial infection, professional phagocytes are attracted to the site of infection, where they constitute a first line of host cell defense. their function is to engulf and destroy the pathogens. thus, bacteria must withstand the bactericidal activity of professional phagocytes, including macrophages to counteract the host immune system. bacillus cereus infections are characterized by bacteremia despite the accumulation of inflammatory cells at the site of infection. this implies that th ...201323827020
evolutionary dynamics of the accessory genome of listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne bacterial pathogen, is comprised of four phylogenetic lineages that vary with regard to their serotypes and distribution among sources. in order to characterize lineage-specific genomic diversity within l. monocytogenes, we sequenced the genomes of eight strains from several lineages and serotypes, and characterized the accessory genome, which was hypothesized to contribute to phenotypic differences across lineages. the eight l. monocytogenes genomes sequenced ...201323825666
transcriptional and proteomic stress responses of a soil bacterium bacillus cereus to nanosized zero-valent iron (nzvi) particles.nanosized zero valent iron (nzvi) is emerging as an option for treating contaminated soil and groundwater even though the potentially toxic impact exerted by nzvi on soil microorganisms remains uncertain. in this work, we focus on nanotoxicological studies performed in vitro using commercial nzvi and one common soil bacterium (bacillus cereus). results showed a negative impact of nzvi on b. cereus growth capability, consistent with the entrance of cells in an early sporulation stage, observed by ...201323816452
direct analysis of water content and movement in single dormant bacterial spores using confocal raman microspectroscopy and raman imaging.heavy water (d2o) has a distinct molecular vibration spectrum, and this has been used to analyze the water content, distribution, and movement in single dormant bacillus cereus spores using confocal raman microspectroscopy and raman imaging. these methods have been used to measure the kinetics of d2o release from spores suspended in h2o, the spatial distribution of d2o in spores, and the kinetics of d2o release from spores during dehydration in air at room temperature. the results obtained were ...201323815288
polyphosphate storage during sporulation in the gram-negative bacterium acetonema longum.using electron cryotomography, we show that the gram-negative sporulating bacterium acetonema longum synthesizes high-density storage granules at the leading edges of engulfing membranes. the granules appear in the prespore and increase in size and number as engulfment proceeds. typically, a cluster of 8 to 12 storage granules closely associates with the inner spore membrane and ultimately accounts for ∼7% of the total volume in mature spores. energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edx) analyses ...201323813732
extractive bioconversion of cyclodextrins by bacillus cereus cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase in aqueous two-phase system.an extractive bioconversion with bacillus cereus cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (cgtase, ec 2.4.1.19) in aqueous two-phase system (atps) was investigated for the synthesis and recovery of cyclodextrins (cds). optimum condition for the extractive bioconversion of cds was achieved in atps consisted of 7.7% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (peg) 20,000 and 10.3% (w/w) dextran t500 with volume ratio (vr) of 4.0. enzymatic conversion of starch occurred mainly in dextran-rich bottom phase whereas the produ ...201323806510
[isolation and purification of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhlf) from transgenic rice and its antibacterial activities].to study the isolation and purification of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhlf) from transgenic rice, and to check its antibacterial activities.201323805514
development of a time-to-detect growth model for heat-treated bacillus cereus spores.the microbiological safety and quality of refrigerated processed foods of extended durability (repfeds) relies on a combination of mild heat treatment and refrigeration, sometimes in combination with other inhibitory agents that are ineffective when used alone. in this context, a predictive model describing the time-to-detect growth (measured by turbidimetry) of psychrotrophic bacillus cereus spores submitted to various combinations of ph, water activity (aw), heat treatment and storage temperat ...201323796655
antibacterial and antimutagenic activities of novel zerumbone analogues.zerumbone, the key constituent of zingiber zerumbet smith, is a very important bioactive phytochemical. two new compounds viz. azazerumbone 1 and azazerumbone 2 were synthesised by zncl2-catalysed beckmann rearrangement of the zerumbone oxime. the structure elucidation of these analogues of zerumbone was carried out by 1d ((1)h nmr and (13)c nmr) and 2d-nmr (cosy, hsqc and noesy) spectral analysis. studies on the antibacterial activity established that azazerumbone 2 had better activity than zer ...201323790891
peptide-binding dependent conformational changes regulate the transcriptional activity of the quorum-sensor nprr.the transcriptional regulator nprr controls the expression of genes essential for the adaptative response of bacillus cereus. nprr belongs to the rnpp family of directly regulated quorum sensors from gram-positive bacteria. it is activated by the re-imported signaling peptide nprx. to elucidate the activation mechanism of this quorum-sensing system, we analyzed the conformation changes induced on binding of nprx. we solved the crystal structure of the nprr/nprx binary complex and characterized t ...201323793817
anti-biofilm forming and anti-quorum sensing activity of selected essential oils and their main components on food-related micro-organisms.the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clary sage, juniper, lemon and marjoram essential oils (eos) and their major components on the formation of bacterial and yeast biofilms and on the inhibition of ahl-mediated quorum sensing (qs).201323789847
growth-inhibitory activity of natural and synthetic isothiocyanates against representative human microbial pathogens.the aim of this study was to test the growth inhibition activity of isothiocyanates (itcs), defence compounds of plants, against common human microbial pathogens.201323789822
synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel thiazole compounds as potential anti-inflammatory agents.in the present investigation, furo[2,3-d]thiazol-5(2h)-one 5 was obtained from reaction of thiosemicarbazone derivative 2 with diethyl acetylene dicarboxylate. a series of newly synthesized 2-(hydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5h)-one 6, 7 &8 and 2-(4-(substituted)-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono derivatives 9a, b &10 were synthesized from treatment of thiosemicarbazone derivative 2 with appropriate α-halogenated compounds. also, a one pot synthesis of thiazole derivatives 13 &15 was achieved from three components re ...201323787438
spectroscopic and solvatochromism studies along with antioxidant and antibacterial activities investigation of 2-((2-mercaptophenylimino)methyl)-4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenol.the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy-5-(aryldiazenyl)benzaldehyde (1a-d) with 2-aminothiophenole affored schiff base compounds 2-((2-mercaptophenylimino)methyl-4-(-aryldiazenyl)phenol (2a-d). the structures of compounds (2a-d) were characterized by elemental analysis, mass, infrared, uv-vis and nmr spectroscopy. the 2a-d shows enol-keto tautomeric and positive solvatochromism. the antibacterial activities of 2a-d were also evaluated by disc diffusion method. compound 2b displayed activity agai ...201323786981
a novel synthetic lipopeptide is allergy-protective by the induction of lps-tolerance.exposure to the environment of traditional farms can protect children from some allergic disease. due to this exposure, tlr2 expression in these children is increased. tlr2 ligands derived from gram-positive bacteria are found in the dust of these farms.201323786285
addition of ethanol to supercritical carbon dioxide enhances the inactivation of bacterial spores in the biofilm of bacillus cereus.supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co2) was used to inactivate bacillus cereus spores inside biofilms, which were grown on stainless steel. sc-co2 treatment was tested using various conditions, such as pressure treatment (10-30 mpa), temperature (35-60°c), and time (10-120 min). b. cereus vegetative cells in the biofilm were completely inactivated by treatment with sc-co2 at 10 mpa and at 35°c for 5 min. however, sc-co2 alone did not inactivate spores in biofilm even after the treatment time was e ...201323973829
three different bacterial detection systems for platelet concentrates under inter-laboratory conditions.a variety of screening methods are currently used worldwide in order to decrease the risk of transfusion-transmitted sepsis and improve the safety of pcs.201323972777
chitosan-containing bread made using marine shellfishery byproducts: functional, bioactive, and quality assessment of the end product.chitosan is nature's second most abundant polymer after cellulose and forms the structural support in crustacean shell material and basidomycete mushroom stalks. chitosan is a known antimicrobial agent but, to date, was not examined as an antimicrobial agent in bread formulations for the prevention of mold or rope formation. the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of chitosan generated from prawn shell byproducts on the color, moisture, and texture and crumb formation of bread. a sec ...201323962198
isolation and screening of bioactive principle from chaetomorpha antennina against certain bacterial strains.microbial pathogens develop resistance to a particular antibiotic after repeated administration during the treatment of infectious diseases. moreover, multiple drug resistance is a very common problem especially in hospital acquired infections. therefore, it is necessary to find out alternative antibacterial drugs and the present trend is focused on seaweeds. this preliminary research work was carried out to find out the antibacterial activity of petroleum ether extract of chaetomorpha antennina ...201323960826
a computational module assembled from different protease family motifs identifies pi plc from bacillus cereus as a putative prolyl peptidase with a serine protease scaffold.proteolytic enzymes have evolved several mechanisms to cleave peptide bonds. these distinct types have been systematically categorized in the merops database. while a blast search on these proteases identifies homologous proteins, sequence alignment methods often fail to identify relationships arising from convergent evolution, exon shuffling, and modular reuse of catalytic units. we have previously established a computational method to detect functions in proteins based on the spatial and elect ...201323940667
kannurin, a novel lipopeptide from bacillus cereus strain ak1: isolation, structural evaluation and antifungal activities.this study was performed to isolate and characterize novel antifungal lipopeptide from bacillus cereus.201323937170
summertime bacillus cereus colonization of hospital newborns traced to contaminated, laundered linen.routine screening of premature newborns for haemolytic streptococci, staphylococcus aureus and enteric gram-negative bacteria done at birth using umbilical swabs identified clustering of babies colonized with bacillus cereus in summers of 2009 and 2010 at a 400-bedded uk general hospital.201323927924
combination of extracts from aristolochia cymbifera with streptomycin as a potential antibacterial drug.the appearance of new antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a societal problem that requires the development of new alternative treatments. therefore, this work evaluated the antibacterial activity of ethanolic (ehi), dichloromethanic (edi) and hexanic (ehe) extracts from aristolochia cymbifera stems and the combination of these extracts with an antimicrobial drug to develop a new antibacterial therapy. the edi, ehe and ehi extracts were obtained by maceration using three different solvents. the mini ...201324040585
structure of the nhea component of the nhe toxin from bacillus cereus: implications for function.the structure of nhea, a component of the bacillus cereus nhe tripartite toxin, has been solved at 2.05 å resolution using selenomethionine multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion (mad). the structure shows it to have a fold that is similar to the bacillus cereus hbl-b and e. coli clya toxins, and it is therefore a member of the clya superfamily of α-helical pore forming toxins (α-pfts), although its head domain is significantly enlarged compared with those of clya or hbl-b. the hydrophobic β-h ...201324040335
biosorption of as (iii) by non-living biomass of an arsenic-hypertolerant bacillus cereus strain sz2 isolated from a gold mining environment: equilibrium and kinetic study.the ability of non-living biomass of an arsenic-hypertolerant bacillus cereus strain sz2 isolated from a gold mining environment to adsorb as (iii) from aqueous solution in batch experiments was investigated as a function of contact time, initial as (iii) concentration, ph, temperature and biomass dosage. langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better in comparison to freundlich isotherm. the maximum biosorption capacity of the sorbent, as obtained from the langmuir isotherm, was 153.41 mg/g. ...201324037600
bacterial contamination of iranian paper currency.transmission of human pathogens can be occurred via inert objects. paper currency is a further common contact surface whereby pathogens can be transferred within a population although the significance remains unknown. hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate microbial populations associated with iranian paper currency.201326060669
synthesis, spectral, and in vitro antibacterial studies of organosilicon(iv) complexes with schiff bases derived from amino acids.the present work stems from our interest in the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of organosilicon(iv) complexes of a class of amino-acid-based schiff base which have been prepared by the interaction of ethoxytrimethylsilane with the schiff bases (n oh) in 1 : 1 molar ratio. these complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, and spectroscopic studies including electronic ir and nmr ((1)h, (13)c, and (29)si) spectroscopy. the analytical and s ...201323983671
toxin producing bacillus cereus persist in ready-to-reheat spaghetti bolognese mainly in vegetative state.the potential of bacillus cereus to cause a diarrheal toxico-infection is related to its ability to perform de novo enterotoxin production in the small intestine. a prerequisite for this is presence of sufficient numbers of b. cereus that have survived gastro-intestinal passage. it is known that the percentage of survival is much smaller for vegetative cells in comparison to spores and it is therefore important to know the state in which b. cereus is ingested. the results of the current study pe ...201324129156
bacillus cereus var. toyoi modulates the immune reaction and reduces the occurrence of diarrhea in piglets challenged with salmonella typhimurium dt104.a feeding trial with sows and their piglets was performed with the probiotic feed additive bacillus cereus var. toyoi in two consecutive experimental periods. sows (n = 8) were allocated into treatment (bc) and control (co) groups. sows of bc group (n = 4) were fed 3.14 × 10(5) cfu/g bacillus cereus var. toyoi with the diet from d 87 of pregnancy on. their piglets received bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplemented feed (8.7 × 10(5) cfu/g) starting on d 14 of life and further on after weaning (6.5 ...201324126275
mass spectrometric profiling of bacillus cereus strains and quantitation of the emetic toxin cereulide by means of stable isotope dilution analysis and hep-2 bioassay.a fast and robust high-throughput ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uplc-tof ms) profiling method was developed and successfully applied to discriminate a total of 78 bacillus cereus strains into no/low, medium and high producers of the emetic toxin cereulide. the data obtained by uplc-tof ms profiling were confirmed by absolute quantitation of cereulide in selected samples by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (h ...201323079954
postprocessing microflora of commercial attieke (a fermented cassava product) produced in the south of côte d'ivoire.the distribution and presence of hygiene indicator and pathogenic micro-organisms in 375 samples of attieke marketed in côte d'ivoire, and their roles in the food poisoning were evaluated. microbiological analyses were carried out, which included the total viable bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, bacillus spores, fungi and clostridium perfringens. the results revealed that the viable bacteria counts ranged from 2·2 ± 1·2 × 10(5) to 3·4 ± 1·4 × 10(6) cfu g( ...201323078634
variation of cardinal growth parameters and growth limits according to phylogenetic affiliation in the bacillus cereus group. consequences for risk assessment.the growth rates of strains covering the seven major phylogenetic groups of bacillus cereus sensu lato (as defined by guinebretiere et al., 2008) at a range of temperature (7 °c-55 °c), ph (4.6-7.5) and a(w) (0.929-0.996, with 0.5%-10% nacl as humectant) were determined. growth rates were fitted by non-linear regression to determine the cardinal parameters t(min), t(opt), t(max), ph(min), ph(opt), a(wmin) and μ(opt). we showed that cardinal parameters reflected the differences in the temperature ...201323122503
synthesis of quinoline derivatives of tetrahydrocurcumin and zingerone and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial attributes.tetrahydrocurcumin (thc, 1) and zingerone (2) are biologically active molecules originating from the important spices turmeric and ginger, respectively. novel quinoline derivatives of thc and zingerone have been synthesised by an efficient protocol involving their reaction with substituted 2-aminobenzophenones and 2-aminoacetophenone. radical-scavenging activities (rsa) of thc, zingerone and their quinoline derivatives were evaluated. the amino-substituted quinoline derivative of thc, 1e, showed ...201323122110
bacillus cereus ar156 induces resistance against rhizopus rot through priming of defense responses in peach fruit.the biocontrol effects of bacillus cereus ar156 on rhizopus rot caused by rhizopus stolonifer in postharvest peach fruit and the possible mechanisms were investigated. the results showed that fruit treated with b. cereus ar156 had significantly lower disease incidence and smaller lesion diameter than the control fruit did. b. cereus ar156 treatment remarkably enhanced activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, promoted accumulation of h(2)o(2), and improved total phenolic content and 2,2-diphe ...201323122077
antibacterial effects of ellagitannins from acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort.: surface morphology analysis with environmental scanning electron microscopy and synergy with antibiotics.the present study served to gain further insight into the bactericidal effects of ellagitannins from acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. against pathogenic bacteria. ellagitannins from the aerial parts of a. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. (eaw) inhibited the growth of bacillus cereus (atcc 11778), bacillus subtilis (atcc 6633), staphylococcus aureus (atcc 11632) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) clinical strain with inhibition zones equal to 11.01 ± 1.53 mm, 16.63 ± 0. ...201323109276
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