Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| evaluation of the use of bactec anaerobic blood cultures in the detection of bacteraemia and fungaemia in children. | in an attempt to reduce costs, the role of bactec anaerobic blood culture in the detection of bacteraemia and fungaemia in children was evaluated. results from 3167 sets of aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures from children admitted to the university hospital, kuala lumpur during a one year period, were analysed. four hundred and eight (12.9%) sets of blood cultures were positive, of which 348 sets (11.0%) from 201 patients were clinically significant. of the 348 significant positive sets, organ ... | 1996 | 10879222 |
| synthesis and nmr assignment of two repeating units (decasaccharide) of the type iii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide and its 13c-labeled and n-propionyl substituted sialic acid analogues. | for the purpose of carrying out a comprehensive investigation into the nature of the conformational epitope of the type iii group b streptococcus polysaccharide, combined chemical and enzymatic methods were applied to the synthesis of three decasaccharide probes, namely beta-d-glc-(1-->6)[alpha-neur-(2-->3)-beta-d-gal-(1-->4)] -beta-d-glcnac-(1-->3)-beta-d-gal-(1-->4)-beta-d- glc-(1-->6)[alpha-neur-(2-->3)-beta-d-gal-(1-->4)]-beta-d-glcnac-( 1-->3) -beta-d-gal-ome (22 neur = neuac; 23 neur = neu ... | 1996 | 9002193 |
| infection and prematurity: evidence-based approaches. | the real cost savings arising from effectively preventing or treating preterm birth ascribable to prevalent reproductive tract infections are demonstrated in the lives of children saved from premature death and personal, biologic and economic impairment. three meta-analyses demonstrate neonatal and maternal benefits from adjunctive antibiotic treatment of mothers suffering preterm premature rupture of membranes. the effects of adjunctive antibiotic treatment of women with preterm labor are incon ... | 1996 | 8979014 |
| management of neonates born to mothers with group b streptococcus colonization. | approximately 20% of pregnant women harbor group b streptococcus (gbs) in the lower genital tract at the time of delivery. intrapartum chemoprophylaxis of mothers with gbs colonization who have risk factors for neonatal gbs at delivery improves the outcome of the neonates. the recommendations for treating newborn infants of mothers who receive intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for gbs colonization and the recommendations for those who do not remain empiric, because clinical studies to support such re ... | 1996 | 8979187 |
| [a case of fluminant septic shock due to streptococcus agalactiae in a patient with mpo-anca related glomerulonephritis]. | recently group a streptococcus toxic shock like syndrome (tsls) has been reported, but as for group b streptococcus (s. agalactiae) infection, there have been little documentation in the literature. we report a case of fluminant septic shock due to streptococcus agalactiae (s. agalactiae). a 72-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue and azotemia. he was diagnosed as having mpo-anca related glomerulonephritis and treated with steroid therapy. gradually he was doing ... | 1996 | 8986074 |
| intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for group b streptococcus infection to prevent neonatal disease: who should be treated? | the purpose of this study was to examine the maternal risk factors associated with early onset group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis and determine the potential impact of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis using these risk factors. using a computerized perinatal database, 26,525 deliveries over a five-year period (1989 to 1994) were identified. neonates with gbs-positive cultures were identified and the neonatal and maternal chart of each case was reviewed. twenty-six neonates (1 of 1000) had gbs sepsis ... | 1996 | 8989480 |
| hemodynamic effects of n-acetylamrinone in a porcine model of group b streptococcal sepsis. | high plasma concentrations of n-acetylamrinone, a primary metabolite of amrinone, are measured in some children during prolonged amrinone infusion. the purpose of this investigation was to determine if n-acetylamrinone has direct hemodynamic effects independent of amrinone. twenty neonatal piglets received an infusion of 6 x 10(9) colony-forming units/kg of group b streptococcus to induce sepsis. subsequently, they were divided into 1 of 3 groups and received a 1-hr infusion of either normal sal ... | 1996 | 8886615 |
| [study on septicaemia in infants and children in the past 20 years. part 1. an analysis of causal organisms]. | causal organisms and their changes were evaluated in 158 cases of septicaemia admitted to jikei university hospital from 1975 to 1994. eighty patients (50.6%) were aged less than 1 year, and 37 patients (23.4%) were newborns. the average mortality rate was 18.4%. the mortality rate between 1975 and 1984 was 26.8%, and that of the past 10 years (from 1985 to 1994) decreased to 13.7%. staphylococcus aureus (29 cases, 19.4%) was the most common pathogens isolated, followed by pseudomonas sp. (24 ca ... | 1996 | 8890544 |
| simultaneous occurrence of group b streptococcus and echovirus 20. | 1996 | 8891568 | |
| effect of intravenous immunoglobulin g on the deposition of immunoglobulin g and c3 onto type iii group b streptococcus and escherichia coli k1. | seventeen neonates with suspected or proven sepsis received either a 750 mg/kg dose of intravenous immunoglobulin g (ivig) or placebo. compared with values in adult serum, the preinfusion serum concentrations of immunoglobulin g (igg) and complement component c3 were diminished; the concentrations were unaffected by the administration of placebo to nine infants. fifteen minutes after infusion in the eight ivig recipients, the serum concentration of igg increased from 3.66 mg/ml to 16.58 mg/ml bu ... | 1996 | 8915932 |
| group b streptococcus in the perinatal period. a review. | prior to the 1960s, little was known about morbidity and mortality in humans due to group b streptococcus (gbs). since that time, a thorough understanding of the organism's potential has been developed. of pregnant women, 20-30% are prenatal carriers of gbs and 40-75% of these mothers will transmit gbs to their neonates. however, the actual incidence of gbs disease in infants is one to three cases per 1,000 live births. several risk factors for transmission and development of early-onset gbs dis ... | 1996 | 8916675 |
| group b streptococcal cellulitis of perineum and lower abdomen: report of one case. | this report describes a 4-week-old female baby with disseminated group b streptococcus (gbs) infection. the illness began as a swelling with violaceous hue of perineum and lower abdomen, a manifestation that may be falsely attributed to a traumatic injury. gbs septicemia, meningitis and cellulitis of lower abdomen was confirmed by cultures. this case illustrated an unusual presentation of gbs infection as cellulitis of lower abdomen. the presence of concurrent septicemia and meningitis in this c ... | 1996 | 8935414 |
| immune response to type iii group b streptococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important perinatal pathogen. because transplacentally acquired maternal antibodies to the gbs capsular polysaccharides (cps) confer protection, prevention of infant disease may be possible after immunization of women. unfortunately, the purified cps of gbs are only variably immunogenic in adults; therefore to enhance immunogenicity we have designed and developed a cps-protein conjugate vaccine. the lability of a conformationally dependent epitope on the iii cps ... | 1996 | 8941648 |
| effects of group b streptococcus on the responses to u46619, endothelin-1, and noradrenaline in isolated pulmonary and mesenteric arteries of piglets. | the release of endogenous vasoconstrictors together with changes in the vascular responses are central to the pathophysiology of sepsis. the effects of in vitro incubation for 20 h with heat-killed group b streptococcus (gbs, 3 x 10(7) colony-forming units ml-1) on the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline (na, 10(-8) to 10(-4) m), the thromboxane a2 analog 9,11-dideoxy-11 alpha, 9 alpha-epoxymethanoprostaglandin f2 alpha (u46619; 10(-10) m to 10(-6) m) and endothelin-1 (et-1, 10(-11) to 3 ... | 1996 | 8947958 |
| group b streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome with fulminant cellulitis. | nonperipartum group b streptococcus infection usually occurs in elderly persons and in patients with underlying systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, malignancy, or alcoholism). group b streptococcal infections in adults are often life threatening, and have been associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome. we present a case of fulminant group b streptococcal cellulitis in a patient with sarcoidosis who was receiving corticosteroid therapy and who became hypotensive as her cellulitis rapidly progres ... | 1996 | 8950130 |
| immunogenicity of group b streptococcus type iii polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid vaccine in baboons. | maternal vaccination has been proposed as a rational approach for the prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal (gbs) disease. in this study, baboons were used as a nonhuman primate model to evaluate the immunogenicity of a gbs type iii glycoconjugate vaccine. type iii-specific immunoglobulin g with opsonic activity was induced after vaccination with type iii polysaccharide coupled to tetanus toxoid administered with an aluminum adjuvant. this suggests that baboons could be used in evaluating ... | 1996 | 8550227 |
| population structure of streptococcus agalactiae reveals an association between specific evolutionary lineages and putative virulence factors but not disease. | to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships in a collection of 85 danish strains of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) we have performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on ecori- and mspi-digested whole-cell dna using as probes rrna, dna fragments representing the genes encoding hyaluronidase, c5a-peptidase, alpha-antigen, and beta-antigen as well as two randomly selected genomic dna fragments for which the coding potential is unknown. in addition, we have ... | 1996 | 8641801 |
| probable community acquisition of group b streptococcus in an infant with late-onset disease: demonstration using field inversion gel electrophoresis. | 1996 | 8673208 | |
| bacteremia shortly after placental separation during cesarean delivery. | to assess frequency, risk factors, and microbiology of bacteremia within 15 minutes of placental separation during cesarean delivery. | 1996 | 8677085 |
| inadequacy of rapid immunoassays for intrapartum detection of group b streptococcal carriers. | to determine the accuracy of two currently used immunoassays and a newly developed optical immunoassay for rapid intrapartum detection of group b streptococcal colonization compared with culture methods. | 1996 | 8684761 |
| a comparison of the yield of positive antenatal group b streptococcus cultures with direct inoculation in selective growth medium versus primary inoculation in transport medium followed by delayed inoculation in selective growth medium. | our purpose was to compare the yield of positive group b streptococcus cultures with standard medium for transport of culture swabs compared with use of selective medium during transport. | 1996 | 8694042 |
| testing for group b streptococcus latex particle agglutination. | 1996 | 8700096 | |
| impact of maternal group b streptococcal screening on pediatric management in full-term newborns. | the american academy of pediatrics strategy to prevent early-onset neonatal sepsis with group b streptococcus (gbs) relies on maternal antepartum gbs cultures, while the american college of obstetrics and gynecology strategy does not. | 1996 | 8704885 |
| experimental vaccination against group b streptococcus, an encapsulated bacterium, with highly purified preparations of cell surface proteins rib and alpha. | encapsulated bacteria cause some of the most common diseases in humans. although the polysaccharide capsules of these pathogens have attracted the most attention with regard to vaccine development, recent evidence suggests that bacterial surface proteins may also be used to confer protective immunity. we have analyzed this possibility in group b streptococcus (gbs), an encapsulated bacterium that is the major cause of invasive bacterial disease in the neonatal period. previous work has shown tha ... | 1996 | 8751893 |
| early-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the national institute of child health and human development neonatal research network. | early-onset sepsis (occurring within 72 hours of birth) is included in the differential diagnosis of most very low birth weight (vlbw) neonates. to determine the current incidence of early-onset sepsis, risk factors for disease, and the impact of early-onset sepsis on subsequent hospital course, we studied a cohort of 7861 vlbw neonates (401 to 1500 gm) admitted to the 12 national institute of child health and human development (nichd) neonatal research network centers during a 32-month period ( ... | 1996 | 8757565 |
| [vaginal colonization of group b streptococcus: a study in 267 cases of factory women]. | an epidemiologic study on vaginal colonization of group b streptococcus (gbs) from non-pregnancy women was carried out. two hundred sixty seven female workers were studied. the carrier rate of gbs in vaginal specimens was 10.86%. women aged 45 years old and above had more cases with genital tract gbs colonization. women with vaginal colonization had more history of miscarriage and using iud. we did not find the positive correlations between vaginal colonization and oral contraceptive, ovarian cy ... | 1996 | 8758413 |
| [neurologic manifestations in a child of a mother with gestational herpes]. | herpes gestationis in the neonate is usually associated with an increased risk of premature birth and/or low birth weight for gestational age (ga) and sometimes skin lesions. neurologic manifestations are nos described in these babies. | 1996 | 8763717 |
| the effect of timing of single-dose transplacental ampicillin-sulbactam therapy for prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal colonization and bacteremia in a rabbit model. | our purpose was to evaluate the effect of maternal administration of ampicillin-sulbactam on group b streptococcal colonization and bacteremia in newborn rabbits. | 1996 | 8765261 |
| volume of blood required to detect common neonatal pathogens. | to determine the minimum volume of blood and the absolute number of organisms required for detection of bacteremia and fungemia by an automated colorimetric blood culture system (bact/alert, organon teknika). | 1996 | 8765627 |
| [neonatal pericarditis of benign outcome during maternofetal group b streptococcus infection]. | 1996 | 8785547 | |
| changes in cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrovascular endothelin concentrations during hypotension and hypertension in newborn piglets with induced sterile meningitis. | the effects of sterile meningitis on endothelin-1 (et-1) and big et-1 concentrations during hypotension and hypertension were studied in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of newborn piglets. cerebrospinal fluid was obtained via cisterna magna puncture, and blood was obtained from the sagittal sinus vein and left subclavian artery. the study group consisted of 14 newborn piglets injected with 0.5 ml heat-killed group b streptococcus (gbs) (10(9) colony forming unit (cfu) equivalents), into the r ... | 1996 | 8828883 |
| characterization of cpsf and its product cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase, a group b streptococcal enzyme that can function in k1 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in escherichia coli. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the foremost cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the united states. a major virulence factor for gbs is its capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular weight polymer of branched oligosaccharide subunits. n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac or sialic acid), at the end of the polysaccharide side chains, is critical to the virulence function of the capsular polysaccharide. neu5ac must be activated by cmp-neu5ac synthetase before it is incorporated into the polymer. ... | 1996 | 8830246 |
| [oxygen transport and consumption and oxygen saturation in the right atrium in an experimental model of neonatal septic shock]. | mixed venous oxygen saturation monitoring is useful to know about the balance of oxygen supply and consumption in patient with shock as well as a form of assessing the effects of different therapeutic maneuvers. because of newborn peculiarities this measurement is difficult and therefore, the monitoring of the shock state is limited. | 1996 | 8830575 |
| septic sternoclavicular arthritis caused by group b streptococcus: case report and review. | 1996 | 8852988 | |
| glycoconjugate vaccines: future combinations. | there is a large and growing base of knowledge about the protective immune response to encapsulated bacterial pathogens. this information is a clear advantage to the development of glycoconjugate vaccines. it is well understood for such pathogens as haemophilus b, pneumococcus, meningococcus and group b streptococcus that the induction of a functional anti-saccharide antibody response is likely to be protective. the most important question for glycoconjugate vaccines is the magnitude of the resp ... | 1996 | 8854027 |
| perinatal group b streptococcal infections: the nurse's role in identification and prophylaxis. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of perinatal infectious morbidity and mortality in the united states. an estimated 50,000 women and 7,600 neonates experience gbs disease, and as many as 310 infants die each year. in 1992, the american academy of pediatrics published recommendations for identification and treatment of pregnant women colonized with gbs. in 1996, the centers for disease control and prevention and the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists developed more co ... | 1996 | 8868623 |
| cell growth rate regulates expression of group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide. | the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of group b streptococci (gbs) is an important virulence factor that also serves to protect cells from nonspecific host defense mechanisms. expression of cps by gbs, as with other encapsulated bacterial pathogens, is not constitutive but varies during growth in vitro and in primary cultures isolated from different sites of infection. despite this understanding, little is known about regulation of this surface-expressed carbohydrate antigen in gbs. here we report ... | 1996 | 8606082 |
| interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha mediate innate production of gamma interferon by group b streptococcus-treated splenocytes of severe combined immunodeficiency mice. | the existence of interleukin-12-mediated innate immune responses to group b streptococci (gbs) was tested by examining t-lymphocyte-independent gamma interferon (ifn) production in cultured splenocytes from severe combined immunodeficiency mice. splenocytes were cultured with killed or living gbs for 48 h, and then ifn was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. type iii gbs as well as other extracellular bacterial agents of neonatal sepsis (staphylococci and enterococci) induced ifn prod ... | 1996 | 8606095 |
| structural and immunochemical characterization of the type viii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide. | the type viii capsular polysaccharide has been isolated and purified from a newly described strain of group b streptococcus which is a leading cause of sepsis and neonatal meningitis in japan. the polysaccharide contains d-glucose, d-galactose, l-rhamnose, and sialic acid in the molar ratio 1:1:1:1. by means of high resolution 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (1h nmr), 13c nmr, and homo- and heterocorrelated nmr, the repeating unit structure of the type viii polysaccharide was delineated as the fol ... | 1996 | 8621515 |
| lung hyaluronan decreases during group b streptococcal pneumonia in neonatal piglets. | neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis and pneumonia result in lung injury and remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. increased lung hyaluronan (ha) content is an important component of the lung's early response to damage in diseases such as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards), infant respiratory distress syndrome (irds), and bleomycin-induced fibrosis. it is known, however, that gbs virulence factors include specific secretory enzymes such as hyaluronidase, ... | 1996 | 8630603 |
| protective activity of a murine monoclonal antibody against acute and chronic experimental infection with type iv group b streptococcus. | a murine igm monoclonal antibody (mab h11) was developed against the type polysaccharide capsular antigen of group b streptococcus (gbs), serotype iv, after intraperitoneal immunisation of balb/c mice with heat-killed bacteria. mab h11 reacted in immunodiffusion with the purified polysaccharide in both its sialylated and desialylated form, giving a line of identity, and opsonised type iv gbs strains in an in vitro assay. when administered at the time of intraperitoneal lethal challenge with homo ... | 1996 | 8636965 |
| a simple, quantitative, reproducible avidin-biotin elisa for the evaluation of group b streptococcus type-specific antibodies in humans. | type-specific antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides (cp) of group b streptococcus (gbs) are protective. historically, the radioactive antigen-binding assay (raba) has been used to determine gbs antibody levels. this method measures total immunoglobulin and employs the use of radioactive materials. we have developed an avidin-biotin elisa that is less hazardous and is able to measure gbs ia, ib, ii or iii cp specific igg. to avoid inconsistent binding to the plate, the cps from gbs ia, ib, i ... | 1996 | 8735557 |
| group b streptococcus and pregnancy. | group b streptococcus is a significant pathogen for both mother and child. routine urine culture in pregnancy will identify and allow treatment of women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. an optimal protocol for the prevention of neonatal sepsis has not yet been developed. while intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis appears to provide the best potential, each of the currently suggested protocols has significant drawbacks. drawbacks include the potential for missing high-risk carriers, failure to tre ... | 1996 | 8731488 |
| [prenatal and perinatal infections--problems for the practicing pediatrician: group b streptococci, varicella, toxoplasmosis]. | a practical approach is reported for the care of the neonate born to a mother infected/colonized during pregnancy by group b streptococcus, varicella-zoster virus or toxoplasma gondii. starting from clinical situations, an attempt is made to work out evidence based recommendations using an overview of the current literature. group b streptococci: relevant factors for the treatment of infants born to colonized mothers are clinical symptoms, gestational age, additional risk factors (such as premat ... | 1996 | 8720324 |
| identification of a family of streptococcal surface proteins with extremely repetitive structure. | the group b streptococcus (gbs) causes the majority of life-threatening bacterial infections in newborn children. most gbs strains isolated from such infections express a surface protein, designated rib, that confers protective immunity and therefore is of interest for analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms. sequence analysis demonstrated that rib has an exceptionally long signal peptide (55 amino acid residues) and 12 repeats (79 amino acid residues each) that account for >80% of the sequence of t ... | 1996 | 8702550 |
| prevention of perinatal group b streptococcal disease: a public health perspective. centers for disease control and prevention. | group b streptococcus is a leading cause of serious neonatal infection. most neonatal gbs infections can be prevented through the use of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis in women who are at increased risk for transmitting the infection to their newborns. however, despite clinical trials that demonstrate the effectiveness of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, prevention strategies have not been implemented widely or consistently, and the incidence of neonatal gbs disease has not declined. t ... | 1996 | 8637497 |
| sexual behavior and vaginal colonization by group b streptococcus among minority women. | to test the hypothesis that sexual behaviors predict colonization of the vagina by group b streptococcus among minority women. | 1996 | 8841222 |
| effects of group-a streptolysin o on neonatal and adult red blood cell deformability and haemolysis. | neonates are more susceptible than adults to many gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. whereas group b streptococcus causes life-threatening infections in neonates, group a beta-haemolytic streptococcus infections rarely occur in neonates. to test the hypothesis that group a streptococcus may have different effects on neonatal and adult red blood cells (rbcs), haemolysis and deformability (rheoscope) of rbcs from adults, full-term and pre-term neonates were studied during 60 min ... | 1996 | 8817159 |
| comparison of a modified dna hybridization assay with standard culture enrichment for detecting group b streptococci in obstetric patients. | infection with group b streptococcus (gbs) results in 12,000 to 15,000 cases of neonatal sepsis annually in the united states. gbs is transmitted vertically in up to 70% of infants born to colonized women. early-onset gbs disease (septicemia, pneumonia, or meningitis occurring within 7 days of life) has a mortality rate of up to 50%, with permanent neurologic sequelae occurring in 15 to 50% of infants surviving meningeal infection. because of the fulminant nature of neonatal infection, it would ... | 1996 | 8789012 |
| neurotoxicity of glia activated by gram-positive bacterial products depends on nitric oxide production. | the present study examined the mechanism by which bacterial cell walls from two gram-positive meningeal pathogens, streptococcus pneumoniae and the group b streptococcus, induced neuronal injury in primary cultures of rat brain cells. cell walls from both organisms produced cellular injury to similar degrees in pure astrocyte cultures but not in pure neuronal cultures. cell walls also induced nitric oxide production in cultures of astrocytes or microglia. when neurons were cultured together with ... | 1996 | 8757846 |
| acute inflammatory changes in subcutaneous microtumors in the ears of mice induced by intravenous cm101 (gbs toxin). | cm101, a bacterial polysaccharide derived from group b streptococcus, induces pronounced inflammatory changes in and around tumor blood vessels 60 min after i.v. injection. a technique has been developed for implanting small numbers of tumor cells in the ear skin of mice. this allows macroscopic examination of the tumor and its supporting blood vessels as it reaches the 10000 cell size and greater. treatments can be monitored in this model for effects on small "metastatic-like" tumor nodules by ... | 1996 | 8781569 |
| group b streptococcus impairs erythrocyte deformability in neonates more than in adults. | group b beta-haemolytic streptococcus (gbs) may cause severe septic shock and death in neonates, whereas this is rarely the case in adults. as impaired red blood cell (rbc) deformability might disturb microcirculation in septic shock, the in vitro effects of gbs (1.7 x 10(8) cfu/ml) on rbc deformation (rheoscope) and haemolysis were studied in blood from preterm infants, term neonates, and adults. furthermore, rbc deformation was studied in term neonates with gbs sepsis. rbc deformation at a she ... | 1996 | 8777682 |
| endogenous interleukin-11 (il-11) expression is increased and prophylactic use of exogenous il-11 enhances platelet recovery and improves survival during thrombocytopenia associated with experimental group b streptococcal sepsis in neonatal rats. | future preventive and/or concurrent therapy of neonatal sepsis may require the use of adjuvant immunohematopoietic therapy. in the present study, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated a significant increase in il-11 mrna extracted from the femurs of group b streptococcus (gbs)-infected rats during acute thrombocytopenia (platelet count: 65.8 +/- 19.3 k/mm3, n = 5) compared to that of uninfected neonatal rats (nr) (635.2 +/- 89 k/mm3, n = 5) (174 +/- 17% vs. 100%, ... | 1996 | 8807086 |
| neonatal bacterial sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit: a 5 year analysis. | to study the pattern of neonatal sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) during a 5 year period and assess the relationship between maternal risk factors and early onset sepsis (eos). | 1996 | 8844541 |
| group b streptococcus and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antepartum ampicillin. | our purpose was to determine whether ampicillin prolongs the latency period after preterm premature rupture of membranes in patients colonized with group b streptococcus. | 1996 | 8885772 |
| ethical issues associated with routine screening and prophylaxis for group b streptococcus in pregnancy. | an increased awareness of the impact of group b streptococcus (gbs) infection on neonatal outcome has prompted several seemingly discordant committee recommendations. intrapartum antibiotics are effective in reducing the risk of neonatal morbidity when administered to a colonized woman who has a clinical condition that places her neonate at high risk for early-onset sepsis. however, less is known about the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in the colonized woman who does not have obvious risk ... | 1996 | 18476063 |
| antibiotic prophylaxis for presumptive group b streptococcal infection in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: effect on neonatal and maternal infectious morbidity. | objective: the purpose of this study was to determine if the prevalence of neonatal and maternal infectious morbidity in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (prom) who received ampicillin prophylaxis for presemptive group b streptococcal colonization is increased compared to those who received no prophylaxis.methods: the charts of all patients with preterm prom who delivered between january 1988 and december 1993 were retrospectively reviewed. the routine use of ampicillin proph ... | 1996 | 18476117 |
| group b streptococcus meningitis following elective termination of pregnancy: two case reports. | although maternal group b streptococcus (gbs) infections are common, serious infections are rare with prompt diagnosis and treatment. we present 2 cases of gbs meningitis occurring 3 and 10 days after elective abortion. in the first patient, gbs meningitis was definitely related to the elective termination. in the second patient, however, no evidence for a causal relationship could be established and can only be presumed. | 1995 | 18475408 |
| significance of gram's stain in rapid intrapartum screening for maternal carriership of group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs, streptococcus agalactiae) is an important cause of neonatal sepsis. prevention is possible by intrapartum screening for maternal gbs carriership and antimicrobial treatment of colonized women with risk factors during labor. the conflicting results of diagnostic performance are reported both for the newly developed rapid gbs antigen tests and gram's stain. | 1995 | 18476031 |
| initial approach to the infant younger than 2 months of age who presents with fever. | fever is common in infants presenting to their physicians for evaluation. infants younger than 2 months of age are at increased risk of sbi because of their exposure to different pathogens and because of their immature immune systems. the bacteria that may infect them include e coli, group b streptococcus, and l monocytogenes, as well as pneumococcus, neisseria meningitidis, s aureus, and h influenzae. they are also susceptible to viruses, parasites, and fungi. clinical characteristics associate ... | 1995 | 16731350 |
| [neonatal arthritis of the hip due to group b streptococcus]. | the authors describe a case of neonatal osteoarthritis of the hip due to group b streptococcus and discuss the importance of recognizing this bacteria in the late focal infections of the newborn. | 1995 | 14689016 |
| genital group b streptococcus carriage in the antenatal period: its role in prom and preterm labour. | of 326 high vaginal swabs taken during the antenatal period, group b streptococcus (gbs) was isolated from the birth canal in 46 women, giving a carrier rate of 14.1%, which is within the often quoted range of between 5% - 25% in different parts of the world. carriage rates were similar at different gestations. in a subgroup of 34 women, 2 swabs taken at least 5 weeks apart yielded results which were discordant in over one fifth of the time. this knowledge of the natural history of gbs carriage ... | 1995 | 8919151 |
| group b streptococcus and treatment of capd peritonitis. | 1995 | 8587639 | |
| pregnancy outcome after transcervical cvs with a flexible biopsy forceps: evaluation of risk factors. | the pregnancy outcome of 1936 women who had transcervical chorionic villus sampling (cvs) with a flexible biopsy forceps was evaluated. follow-up until 4 weeks after delivery was 99.4 per cent. various patient- and procedure-related risk factors for spontaneous loss (fetal or neonatal death) were analysed using stepwise logistic regression analysis. the overall spontaneous loss rate was 4.5 per cent. factors found to be significantly associated with spontaneous loss were quantity of villi < or = ... | 1995 | 8559750 |
| prevention of neonatal septicaemia due to group b streptococci. | group b streptococcus is the leading cause of neonatal septicaemia. major risk factors for early-onset disease are heavy maternal gbs colonization preterm delivery (and related low birthweight), preterm rupture of membranes, prelabour rupture of membranes, intrapartum fever, gbs urinary infection and low levels of maternal serum anti-gbs antibodies. screening for maternal gbs colonization, a part of most current preventive strategies, can be targeted on all pregnant women or only on those with r ... | 1995 | 8846555 |
| designer vaccines to prevent infections due to group b streptococcus. | group b streptococci (gbs) are the major cause of serious infections in neonates and an important cause of infection in adults, particularly peripartum women and patients with diabetes mellitus and malignancy. immunity to gbs in neonates is associated with naturally acquired maternal antibodies to the type-specific capsular polysaccharides of these organisms. igg class antibodies directed to these polysaccharides are passed transplacentally and protect the child from invasive gbs disease. phase ... | 1995 | 8608425 |
| biochemical mediators of meningeal inflammatory response to group b streptococcus in the newborn piglet model. | the meningeal inflammatory response to a heat-killed mutant unencapsulated strain of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs) was studied in a newborn piglet model. gbs (10(9) colony-forming unit equivalents) or saline (control) was inoculated intraventricularly. serial cerebrospinal fluid measurements were done at baseline and over the course of the next 24 h for cytochemical changes and production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and prostaglandins. in separate experiments, we defined the time cours ... | 1995 | 8618804 |
| antenatal care. | recently published papers on antenatal screening show that a policy of routine cervical examination does not lead to a reduction in preterm birth, perhaps because the results of the cervical examination do not influence the decisions umbilical doppler ultrasonography shows that the systematic use of this method for high-risk pregnant women reduces the odds of perinatal mortality by 38%. studies on antenatal screening for group b streptococcus followed by intrapartum treatment show that the anten ... | 1995 | 8620072 |
| efficacy of a universal screening program for the prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal disease. | universal antepartum vaginal cultures for group b streptococcus (gbs) were initiated in a spanish hospital in 1994 using granada medium. infants born to carriers were monitored closely, and blood, urine and mucocutaneous areas were cultured for gbs. group b streptococcus was detected in 543 of 4,525 women (12%). of these, 454 gave birth vaginally, of whom 201 (44%) received intrapartum ampicillin. prophylaxis was not administered to 253 women (56%). in this group, infants of 120 women were colon ... | 1995 | 8536732 |
| in vivo efficacy of azithromycin in treatment of systemic infection and septic arthritis induced by type iv group b streptococcus strains in mice: comparative study with erythromycin and penicillin g. | we compared the activities of azithromycin, erythromycin, and penicillin g in a mouse model of systemic infection and septic arthritis induced by type iv group b streptococci (gbs). the in vitro and in vivo efficacy data for these drugs were analyzed relative to the pharmacokinetics of the drugs in sera, joints, and kidneys. adult cd-1 mice were infected intravenously with 10(7) cfu of type iv gbs. intraperitoneal drug administration was initiated with different dose regimens at different times ... | 1995 | 8540695 |
| use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the septic neonate. | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is widely used for cardiopulmonary support in neonates with cardiopulmonary failure secondary to overwhelming sepsis. the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of culture status on the eventual outcome of septic neonates requiring ecmo support. data from the extracorporeal life support organization (elso) for the tears 1990 through 1992 inclusive were collected and analyzed for all neonates with a primary diagnosis of sepsis. records were rev ... | 1995 | 7666313 |
| effect of specimen storage, antibiotics, and feminine hygiene products on the detection of group b streptococcus by culture and the strep b oia test. | agar culture from vaginal swabs is the routine method for diagnosis of maternal group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization. swab specimens are often transported to a clinical laboratory for processing. in these studies, specimen transport was simulated by inoculating swabs with gbs and storing them at selected temperatures and with or without transport medium. the recovery of viable gbs was assessed by agar culture. gbs antigen was detected immunologically with an optical immunoassay (oia) method. ... | 1995 | 8565413 |
| bacteremia and meningitis among infants with urinary tract infections. | a retrospective analysis of 354 patients < or = 2 years of age with urinary tract infections (utis) was performed to characterize patients with bacteremia or meningitis and to identify any objective predictors of these complications. thirty-three patients with bacteremia were identified. blood culture isolates included escherichia coli (25), staphylococcus aureus (4), enterococcus (1), group b streptococcus (2), and enterobacter (1). besides one patient with group b streptococcus bacteremia at 1 ... | 1995 | 8570449 |
| detection of group b streptococcus by immunoassay following enrichment in lim-selective broth medium. | rapid immunoassays have been developed to decrease the time to detection of group b streptococcus (gbs) carriage in pregnant women. in this study, a total of 162 pregnant women, considered to be high-risk obstetric patients, were seen in the family care center at memorial hospital of rhode island, a 300-bed teaching hospital associated with brown university medical school. vaginal and rectal specimens were taken and tested for gbs by using two rapid enzyme immunoassays (eias) that were compared ... | 1995 | 8582136 |
| enhanced antenatal detection of group b streptococcus colonization. | to improve culture methods for the detection of group b streptococcus colonization. | 1995 | 7862387 |
| universal screening for group b streptococcus: recommendations and obstetricians' practice decisions. | to determine how obstetricians' opinions regarding universal screening of pregnant women for group b streptococcus (gbs) and their responses to positive culture results vary from american academy of pediatrics recommendations, and to determine the physician characteristics that predict divergent opinions. | 1995 | 7862388 |
| systemic bacterial and fungal infections in infants in australian neonatal units. australian study group for neonatal infections. | to examine the pattern and incidence of sepsis occurring in neonatal units in australia. | 1995 | 7877542 |
| [perinatal colonization of group b streptococcus: a study in 600 cases in beijing tiantan hospital]. | an epidemiologic study of perinatal colonization of group b streptococcus (gbs) was carried out. six hundred mother-infant pairs were studied at beijing tiantan hospital. maternal carriage rate of gbs was 8% with a neonatal colonization rate of 6.7%. overall perinatal carriage rate was 13%. women with perinatal colonization showed prone to have more premature and low birth weight babies. we did not find that perinatal colonization was associated with prolonged rupture of membranes and iugr in ou ... | 1995 | 7767925 |
| sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic tests for detection of group b streptococcal antigen in bacteremic neonates. | latex particle agglutination (lpa) testing for antigen to group b streptococcus (gbs) has been useful in the diagnosis of gbs sepsis in newborns. however, recent reports have demonstrated that the sensitivity of lpa assays may be as low as 27 to 54%. the purposes of the present study were to directly compare the abilities of four urine antigen assays to detect gbs antigen with clinical urine samples from neonates with gbs bacteremia and to evaluate the effect of the urine concentration on the se ... | 1995 | 7699040 |
| increased recovery of group b streptococcus by the inclusion of rectal culturing and enrichment. | detection of intrapartum carriage of group b streptococcus (gbs) and subsequent antibiotic prophylaxis may prevent gbs infections in neonates. because the gastrointestinal tract is the primary source of this organism, detection of carrier status requires both rectal and vaginal swabs. vaginal swabs from 651 obstetric outpatients were plated onto 5% sheep blood agar. a second vaginal and a rectal swab were collected and incubated overnight in an enrichment medium of todd-hewitt broth containing a ... | 1995 | 7628194 |
| clinical and diagnostic features of osteomyelitis occurring in the first three months of life. | we report a retrospective study of 94 infants, ages < 4 months, who underwent investigation for possible osteomyelitis during a 9-year period. of the 30 babies with proven osteomyelitis (radiographic changes or positive bone cultures or positive blood cultures plus a compatible clinical picture), 17 were preterm artificially ventilated babies and 4 were full term infants receiving intensive care. an etiologic organism was isolated from 28: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, 16; methi ... | 1995 | 8745016 |
| [early neonatal manifestations of group b streptococcus infection: case series and preventive strategy]. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is, so far, one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. in order to elucidate the extent of this problem a screening for gbs has been performed on a group of pregnant women and their neonates. maternal vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained on admission to the labor area. in these infants throat swabs at birth and throat and rectal swabs on day 4th and 6th were obtained. in the 14,248 pairs mother/infant examined, the rate of colonization was ... | 1995 | 8684998 |
| an approach to the identification of the pathogens of bacterial meningitis by the polymerase chain reaction. | a combination of universal and species-specific primers was used to detect and differentiate by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) the four species most commonly causing bacterial meningitis. primers recognising conserved sequences in the 16s and 23s ribosomal rna genes were employed to amplify the 16s-23s spacer region from neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae (type b), streptococcus pneumoniae, and streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus). the sequence of the most abundan ... | 1995 | 8681987 |
| atypical cellulitis due to group b streptococcus. | in a minority of late-onset group b streptococcal (gbs) cases in neonates, facial or buccal cellulitis has been described. we report a case of sepsis with gbs, in which an atypical cellulitis in the inguinal area was seen as presenting symptom. | 1995 | 8658078 |
| penicillin tolerance among beta-hemolytic streptococci and production of the group carbohydrates, hemolysins, hyaluronidases and deoxyribonucleases. | penicillin tolerance among 67 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci was examined by determining the ratio of the minimal bactericidal concentration to the minimal inhibitory concentration as 32 or greater. tolerance was demonstrated in 15 group a strains and in 11.7, and 4 of groups b, c and g, respectively. thereafter the effects of a subminimal inhibitory concentration (1/2 mic) of penicillin on the bacterial products of four tolerant and four nontolerant strains (two of each lancefield group ... | 1995 | 8551960 |
| structural elucidation of the novel type vii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide by high resolution nmr spectroscopy. | the type vii capsular polysaccharide isolated from the newly discovered group b streptococcus (gbs) strain contains d-glucose, d-galactose, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and n-acetylneuraminic acid in the molar ratio 2:2:1:1. high-resolution one- and two-dimensional (1d and 2d) 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy of the native and desialylated polysaccharides showed the type vii gbs capsular polysaccharide to contain the following branched hexasaccharide repeating unit: [formula: see text] despite extensive st ... | 1995 | 8548782 |
| antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha: use as adjunctive therapy in established group b streptococcal disease in newborn rats. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis. adjunctive therapies are being sought to improve the outcome. because increased blood levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha may play a role in the development of sepsis and an adverse outcome thereof, we evaluated the potential use of antibodies against tnf-alpha as adjunctive therapy of gbs sepsis. using a neonatal rat model of gbs sepsis, we measured serum levels of tnf-alpha. levels of tnf-alpha were significantly incr ... | 1995 | 8559608 |
| antimicrobial activity of lipids added to human milk, infant formula, and bovine milk. | lipids previously shown to have antiviral and antibacterial activity in buffers were added to human milk, bovine milk, and infant formulas to determine whether increased protection from infection could be provided to infants as part of their diet. fatty acids and monoglycerides with chain lengths varying from 8 to 12 carbons were found to be more strongly antiviral and antibacterial when added to milk and formula than long chain monoglycerides. lipids added to milk and formula inactivated a numb ... | 1995 | 12049996 |
| effect of urine latex agglutination tests on the treatment of children at risk for invasive bacterial infection. | identifying febrile children with invasive bacterial infection is difficult in the absence of telltale physical findings. urine latex agglutination (ula) tests have been used for rapid, on-site identification of such children. | 1995 | 7478842 |
| the accuracy and patient preference for self-collected group b streptococcus cultures. | our purpose was to determine the accuracy of and patient attitudes regarding self-collected group b streptococcus cultures. | 1995 | 7485347 |
| [clinical aspects and diagnosis of neonatal infections caused by group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus]. | early-onset infection findings caused by group b streptococcus occur within 24 hours of birth (60 per cent of cases) but they may appear anytime during the first 5 days of life. in our experience early-onset infection affects both preterm and term neonates. the authors report the usual clinical signs described for bacterial infections. unusual findings are also reported: among 34 infants with early-onset infection, the congenital diaphragmatic hernia was associated with gbs septicemia in two neo ... | 1995 | 7491322 |
| [therapy of neonatal infection caused by group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus]. | expectant therapy for early group b streptococcus onset septicemia must provide coverage against other microorganism, such as l. monocytogenes, h. influenzae and s. pneumoniae. it is possible to administer a combination of antimicrobial agents with activity against all or the most likely pathogens. thus initial expectant therapy includes a broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin (e.g. ampicillin) and an aminoglycoside (e.g. netilmicin). vancomicin, teicoplanin and cefotaxime may also be used. su ... | 1995 | 7491323 |
| group b streptococcus and e. coli lps-induced no-dependent hyporesponsiveness to noradrenaline in isolated intrapulmonary arteries of neonatal piglets. | 1. the effects of endotoxin (e. coli lipopolysaccharide, lps) and heat inactivated group b streptococcus (gbs) were studied on the contractile responses to noradrenaline (na) in isolated pulmonary arteries and on the activity of the constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (nos) in lung fragments of neonatal piglets. 2. short-term (< or = 5 h) incubation with lps (1 micrograms ml-1) or gbs (3 x 10(7) colonies forming units ml-1) did not modify the vascular responsiveness to na (10(-8) m- ... | 1995 | 7545518 |
| randomized study of vaginal chlorhexidine disinfection during labor to prevent vertical transmission of group b streptococci. | to evaluate the effect of vaginal disinfection with chlorhexidine gel during labor on vertical transmission of group b streptococcus, as a method to prevent vertical transmission and subsequent neonatal early onset group b streptococcal disease. | 1995 | 7556834 |
| group b streptococcus during the perinatal period. | the beta hemolytic streptococcus group b (gbs) emerged as a major pathologic threat to infants in the 1960s and continues to be the leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity in the 1990s. current approaches to prevention are directed toward eliminating exposure to the pathogen through chemoprophylaxis or enhancing host resistance through immunoprophylaxis. because research is advancing rapidly in this area, perinatal nurses should keep abreast of changes in prevention and treatment strate ... | 1995 | 7562140 |
| dose-response to inhaled nitric oxide in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure of newborn infants: a preliminary report. | in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure of term and near-term neonates, extra- and intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting contribute to refractory hypoxemia. inhaled nitric oxide (no) decreases pulmonary arterial pressure and improves ventilation-perfusion mismatch in a variety of animal models and selected human patients. we report on 10 consecutive term and near-term newborns with severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to diaphragmatic hernia, meconium aspiration syndrome, group b strept ... | 1995 | 7567204 |
| prenatal screening for group b streptococcus. i. impact of antepartum screening on antenatal prophylaxis and intrapartum care. | our purpose was to evaluate current obstetric practice regarding screening and prophylaxis for group b streptococcus and to evaluate the impact of screening on antepartum and intrapartum care. | 1995 | 7573254 |
| prenatal screening for group b streptococcus. ii. impact of antepartum screening and prophylaxis on neonatal care. | our purpose was to evaluate the current practice of antimicrobial prophylaxis of preterm and low-birth-weight infants and to determine the impact of intrapartum fever, group b streptococcus carriage, intrapartum antimicrobial therapy, and duration of membrane rupture on neonatal therapy. | 1995 | 7573255 |
| the changing face of neonatal septicaemia. | a prospective study was undertaken over a 1-year period in northern jordan to determine the incidence, causes and characteristics of neonatal septicaemia which is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. the study identified 47 septicaemic neonates, representing an incidence of 2.3/1000 live births. respiratory distress and hyperbilirubinaemia were the prominent presenting clinical findings. gram-negative organisms were cultured from 46 neonates with klebsiella species, accounting f ... | 1995 | 7598444 |
| invasive group b streptococcal disease in children beyond early infancy. | there is little information available on invasive group b streptococcus (gbs) infection in pediatric patients older than 3 months of age. review of infection control records at lebonheur children's medical center from january 1, 1986, to june 30, 1993, identified 143 patients with a positive gbs culture from normally sterile body fluid. medical records of 18 (13%) patients > 3 months old with their first gbs infection were reviewed. age range was 15 weeks to 18 years (median age, 13 months). ten ... | 1995 | 7603808 |