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the effects of dyadic combinations of endodontic medicaments on microbial growth inhibition.in recent years dyadic combinations of endodontic medicaments have been used increasingly in clinical pediatric dentistry with little regard to the possibility of pharmacological antagonism of the components. in this investigation, a microbial growth inhibition assay was used to determine changes in antimicrobial activity in dyadic mixtures of endodontic medicaments. the combinations assayed were ledermix (corticosteroid-antibiotic) and calyxl (calcium hydroxide), ledermix and kri (iodoform), kr ...19902128893
in vitro survival of bacteroides intermedius in five transport media, alone or in the presence of streptococcus sanguis.the survival rate of bacteroides intermedius was first tested in monoculture, and streptococcus sanguis was then added in 5 different transport media; 2 nonnutritious media, the viability-preserving medium of the university of göteborg no. iv (vmg iv), reduced transport fluid (rtf), and 3 nutritious media, thioglycolate medium (tg), peptone yeast extract medium (py) and py medium with 1% glucose (pyg). all manipulations were carried out in an anaerobic chamber. after a given transport time (6 or ...19902129136
disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of experimentally infected dentinal tubules.the effect of endodontic irrigants and dressings was tested on bacteria in bovine dentin specimens experimentally infected with enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus sanguis, escherichia coli, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. standardized, cylindrical dentin test pieces were prepared and cleaned by ultrasonic treatment with edta and sodium hypochlorite. the specimens were infected with the test organism for periods up to 14 days, and the degree of infection into the tubules was monitored using brown & ...19902133305
[molecular cloning and expression of a dextranase gene from arthrobacter in streptococcus sanguis].the gene coding for a dextranase activity of arthrobacter cb-8, named dex gene, was isolated and cloned into escherichia coli and into streptococcus sanguis. the gene library was screened by transparent halo formation around the colonies grown on agar medium containing blue dextran. dna fragment consisting of about 3,200 base pairs was prepared for further cloning procedures. dextranase activity was detected in the periplasmic space of e. coli clones, using puc19, pva 838 and their derivatives. ...19902135413
[initial-plaque forming ability of glucosyltransferases from streptococcus mutans serotype c strain].in order to clarify functional roles of extracellular glucosyltransferases (gtases) from s. mutans serotype c in initial stage of plaque formation, gtase-i and gtase-s were purified from culture fluids of strain ps 14. and an ability of these gtases to enhance cellular attachment of oral streptococci was investigated using 3h labeled resting cells of s. sanguis challis and s. milleri is 57. the results were as follows: 1) from culture fluids of strain ps 14 grown in a m 4 medium supplemented wit ...19902135610
phenotypic characterization of streptococcus sanguis virulence factors associated with bacterial endocarditis.certain strains of streptococcus sanguis adhere (adh+) selectively to human platelets and, in plasma, induce them to aggregate (agg+) into in vitro thrombi. in this study, we examined 18 recent endocarditis and dental plaque isolates of microorganisms that were biotyped as s. sanguis for coexpression of platelet interactivity phenotypes with another possible virulence factor in bacterial endocarditis, dextran synthesis. detectable production of extracellular glucosyltransferase ranged from 0.2 t ...19902137112
effects of dosage, peak and trough concentrations in serum, protein binding, and bactericidal rate on efficacy of teicoplanin in a rabbit model of endocarditis.the effect of dosage and the relative importance of peak and trough concentrations in serum for efficacy of teicoplanin were examined in a rabbit model of aortic valve endocarditis. concentrations of teicoplanin in serum exceeded the mic by several hundredfold, yet teicoplanin was less rapidly bactericidal than penicillin both in vitro and for endocarditis caused by a strain of streptococcus sanguis. because teicoplanin was 90% protein bound in rabbit serum, low free-drug concentrations probably ...19902140496
selective modulation of bacterial attachment to oral epithelial cells by enzyme activities associated with poor oral hygiene.the present investigation explored the hypothesis that elevated levels of certain enzymes in the gingival crevicular environment of individuals with poor oral hygiene and/or gingival inflammation may modify the surfaces of epithelial cells and thereby modulate the types of bacteria which attach and colonize. buccal epithelial cells treated with neuraminidase and certain proteases were used as a model for study. bacteria studied included streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mitis which have be ...19902141877
the influence of sucralose on bacterial metabolism.sucralose (1',4',6' trideoxy-trichloro-galactosucrose) is a nontoxic, intensely sweet sucrose derivative that has been shown to be non-cariogenic in experimental animals. the purpose of this study was to determine whether certain oral bacteria could utilize sucralose. sucralose, as a sole carbon source, was unable to support growth of ten strains of oral bacteria and dental plaque. when sucrolose was incorporated into a liquid medium containing glucose or sucrose, all organisms tested displayed ...19902143512
affinity purification of dextransucrase from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10558. 19902146014
[the effect of zinc chloride mouthwashes on caries-inducing plaque streptococci. 1. in vitro research on the antimicrobial efficacy of zinc chloride on reference strains of streptococcus mutans (bht), streptococcus sanguis (hkop) and streptococcus salivarius (nctn 8618)].the antimicrobial efficiency of zinc chloride solution in concentration from 0.1% to 2.0% and 0.2% chlorhexidine solution has been examined on the strains of reference in a comparative study. three test methods were applied: the agar diffusion test, the dilution test and the suspension test. as was to be expected the antibacterial effect of the zinc chloride solution was dependent on concentration. between 0.1% and 2.0% the zinc chloride solution showed a bacteriostatic effect on the strains of ...19902146832
influence of hydrophobicity on oligopeptide utilization by oral streptococci.the growth responses of streptococcus mutans va-29r, streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556, and streptococcus mitior nih to hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides obtained following isopropanol fractionation of trypticase were compared. although the two fractions contained peptides of similar molecular size, differences were observed with respect to amino acid compositions. s. mutans va-29r showed a pronounced difference in growth response to hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic peptides. while growth of this m ...19902147441
[the effect of zinc chloride mouthwashes on caries-inducing plaque streptococci. 3. the antibacterial effect of zinc chloride on the species str. mutans, str. sanguis and str. salivarius in dental plaque].the quantitative behaviour of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus salivarius has been examined in initial findings and after application of 0.4% zinc chloride solution. after a 7 day rinsing the number of colony developing units of the species streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis in the plaque decreased to about 30% of the determined initial values. the proportions of the species streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis in the total streptococcus flora o ...19902149904
glucosyltransferase production by streptococcus sanguis challis and comparison with other oral streptococci.glucosyltransferase (gtf) activity in batch cultures of streptococcus sanguis strain challis in defined medium was maximum at peak growth and declined rapidly on further incubation into stationary phase. activity was present in spent culture medium and was associated with 2 polypeptides of approximate mrs 170 kda (90% of activity) and 155 kda (about 10% of activity). other s. sanguis strains produced similar antigenically-related polypeptides but with varying activities, and antibodies to the s. ...19902150879
complete structure of the polysaccharide from streptococcus sanguis j22.the cell wall polysaccharides of certain oral streptococci such as streptococcus sanguis strains 34 and j22, although immunologically distinct, act as receptors for the fimbrial lectins of actinomyces viscosus t14v. we report the complete covalent structure of the polysaccharide from s. sanguis j22 which is composed of a heptasaccharide subunit linked by phosphodiester bonds. the repeating subunit, which contains alpha-galnac, alpha-rhamnose, beta-rhamnose, beta-glucose, and beta-galactose all i ...19902157479
the role of fibronectin binding in the rat model of experimental endocarditis caused by streptococcus sanguis.inactivation of fibronectin (fn) binding by insertional mutagenesis of streptococcus sanguis with tn916 reduces virulence of this bacterium in the rat model of infective endocarditis (ie). transconjugants were screened for fn adherence using an elisa adherence test. one transconjugant had a decreased adherence to immobilized fn. southern hybridization demonstrated that the insertion occurred only once in this mutant. the parent strain and mutant strain jl113 were used as challenge strains in a r ...19902164050
inhibition of the cooperative adhesion of streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite.the adhesion of streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite is a process involving several adhesins and receptors. binding isotherms and scatchard plots of the adhesion suggest that cooperative interactions occur at low cell densities. it was found that sulfolane, a hydrophobic-bond diluent, was capable of inhibiting the cooperative adhesion of s. sanguis to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite beads. sodium thiocyanate, a chaotropic agent, inhibited not only cooperative adhesion, but also the adhesion th ...19902177022
proteolytic activity of oral streptococci.streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus were the least proteolytic of 8 species of oral streptococci while streptococcus oralis and streptococcus sanguis were the most proteolytic. degradation of fitc-bsa was significantly correlated with the hydrolysis of synthetic endopeptidase substrates. as s. oralis strains proliferate in dental plaque in the absence of dietary food their success, in vivo, might be due partially to their greater proteolytic activity compared to other oral streptococ ...19902182385
molecular aspects of immunoglobulin a1 degradation by oral streptococci.using a panel of 143 strains classified according to a novel taxonomic system for oral viridans-type streptococci, we reexamined the ability of oral streptococci to attack human immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) molecules with iga1 protease or glycosidases. iga1 protease production was an exclusive property of all strains belonging to streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus oralis (previously s. mitior) and of some strains of streptococcus mitis biovar 1. these are all dominant initiators of dental plaqu ...19902182537
coaggregation of streptococcus sanguis and other streptococci with candida albicans.thirteen strains of viridans group streptococci and two strains of other streptococci were tested for coaggregation with candida albicans. streptococcus sanguis strains generally exhibited low levels of adherence to 28 degrees c-grown exponential-phase yeast cells, but starvation of yeast cells for glucose at 37 degrees c (or at 28 degrees c) increased their coaggregating activity with these streptococci by at least tenfold. this was a property common to four c. albicans strains tested, two of w ...19902182544
the microbiology of periapical granulomas.of the 16 periapical granulomas studied, 14 (88%) yielded a positive growth when homogenized and cultured. the concentration of colony-forming units per milliliter of the suspension ranged from 10(1.3) to 10(4.0) (mean 10(2.2)). a total of 47 isolates comprising 26 (55%) facultative anaerobes and 21 (45%) strict anaerobes were obtained. the organisms most commonly cultured were veillonella species (15%), streptococcus milleri (11%), streptococcus sanguis (11%), actinomyces naeslundii (11%), prop ...19902183126
streptococcal-host interactions. structural and functional analysis of a streptococcus sanguis receptor for a human salivary glycoprotein.colonization of oral tissues by streptococcus sanguis may be influenced by a mucin-like salivary glycoprotein (sag) through a calcium-dependent interaction with a specific bacterial receptor. we report the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the s. sanguis receptor (ssp-5) and show that this protein may bind sialic acid residues of sag. the ssp-5 protein contains three unique structural domains, two of which consist of repetitive amino acid sequences. the n-terminal domain is comprised ...19902185241
susceptibility of oral bacteria to phenoxyethanol and phenoxyethanol/chlorhexidine combinations.a total of 57 bacterial strains (26 different species) which may be isolated from subgingival plaque were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to phenoxycthanol, a commonly-used antiseptic and preservative. ninety-five percent of the strains, including those associated with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease, were susceptible to concentrations of phenoxyethanol used topically (2% w/v). phenoxyethanol at a concentration of 1% (w/v) was also found that to have a rapid bactericidal effect ...19902202809
high-level chromosomal gentamicin resistance in streptococcus agalactiae (group b).this is the first report of high-level gentamicin resistance in a group b streptococcus. strain b128 of serotype ii was isolated from an infected leg wound in 1987. b128 was resistant to high levels of gentamicin as well as of all other available aminoglycosides and was also resistant to tetracyclines. no bactericidal synergism was found between ampicillin or vancomycin and any of these aminoglycosides. gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistance determinants transferred by ...19902203311
intra- and inter-specific transformation of streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin resistance.transformation studies were carried out with a penicillin susceptible (mic 0.006 mg/l) laboratory strain of streptococcus pneumoniae as recipient. donor dna was prepared from two clinical isolates of s. pneumoniae, four isolates of s. mitior and five isolates of s. sanguis. dna from both isolates of s. pneumoniae generated penicillin-resistant transformants (mics 0.03-2.0 mg/l). in addition, one isolate each of s. mitior and s. sanguis transformed the recipient to increased penicillin resistance ...19902211443
incidence of bacteriocinogeny among fresh isolates of streptococcus mutans.among 139 streptococcus mutans fresh isolates tested, using the deferred-antagonism test and streptococcus sanguis ny 101 as the indicator strain, we observed that the frequency of detection of inhibition zones was reduced by 19% (from 53 to 34%) when arginine (1%) was used in the overlay agar. among pigmented strains, the frequency of mutacin-like production was 70%. the frequency with which inhibition zones were detected varied from 7 to 91%, depending on the indicator strain used. these resul ...19902224647
binding of viridans group streptococci to human platelets: a quantitative analysis.the binding of viridans group streptococci with human platelets was analyzed by two-color flow cytometry. binding was detected within 15 s of mixing bacteria and platelets. at ratios of bacteria to platelets of 1:1, 10:1, 100:1, and 1,000:1, the percentages of bound streptococci (mean +/- standard deviation) were 93.2% +/- 5.4%, 80.0% +/- 8.6%, 39.8% +/- 11.1%, and 12.5% +/- 2.0%, respectively. binding of labeled bacteria was reversed by adding a 500-fold excess of unlabeled streptococci. these ...19902228249
the effect of sucrose application and implantation of mutans streptococci on the microbial composition of three-week experimental plaque--an in situ study.this study describes the predominant cultivable microflora of three-week-old plaque samples obtained from human enamel sites, on the basis of microbial identification of over 9000 fresh isolates. lower removable appliances, on which were mounted enamel sections and slabs, were worn by five young adult subjects under three experimental protocols. these were (1) 'normal' plaque conditions, (2) extra-oral sucrose applications nine times daily, and (3) inoculation of each subject's own mutans strept ...19902229607
streptococcal endocarditis temporally related to transesophageal echocardiography.a case of streptococcal sanguis endocarditis temporally related to a transesophageal echocardiogram is reported; and the literature on the incidence of bacteremia occurring during transesophageal echocardiography is reviewed. on the basis of this case and review of the literature, a reevaluation of the current guidelines for endocarditis prophylaxis during this procedure is recommended.19902245038
arginine catabolism by strains of oral streptococci.arginine catabolism via the arginine deiminase pathway was found in streptococcus sanguis 903. citrulline and ornithine were released from resting cells incubated with arginine, arginine-containing peptides, or saliva. maximum arginine catabolism by resting cells of s. sanguis 903 was found in the ph range 7-8 and at 45-48 degrees c. arginine deiminase activity was found in the cytoplasm and in the cell-wall extract of this strain, while ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity was found in the c ...19902248769
lingual cellulitis causing upper airway obstruction.a case is reported in which upper airway obstruction occurred in an immunosuppressed patient due to the presence of lingual cellulitis.19902248938
purification and characterization of an outer membrane protein adhesin from haemophilus parainfluenzae hp-28.outer membranes were isolated from haemophilus parainfluenzae hp-28 by a mild extraction method followed by sephadex g-150 gel filtration chromatography. the first peak (pool 1) recovered contained an activity which inhibited adherence of hp-28 cells to saliva-coated spheroidal hydroxyapatite. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of pool 1 revealed a dominant protein band of 34 kda. the sds-page-purified 34-kda protein was excised from the gel and used for antibod ...19902254013
platelet-interactive products of streptococcus sanguis protoplasts.to isolate a more native, platelet-interactive macromolecule (class ii antigen) of streptococcus sanguis, cultured protoplasts were used as a source. protoplasts were optimally prepared from fresh washed cells by digestion with 80 u of mutanolysin per ml for 75 min at 37 degrees c while osmotically stabilized in 26% (wt/vol) raffinose. osmotically stabilized forms were surrounded by a 9-nm bilaminar membrane, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. protoplasts were cultured in chemically d ...19902254032
predominance of resistant oral streptococci in saliva and the effect of a single course of josamycin or erythromycin.we have investigated the influence of the macrolides erythromycin and josamycin on the selection of resistant oral streptococci by sampling saliva of volunteers before and after oral administration of 1.5 g of either agent followed by a further 0.5 g of the same drug after 6 h, as in routine prophylaxis for oral or dental procedures. the small proportion of resistant organisms present before antibiotic administration increased substantially 48 h after the macrolides were given. after antibiotic ...19902254223
ability to bind salivary alpha-amylase discriminates certain viridans group streptococcal species.a collection of 144 viridans group streptococcal strains recently characterized as part of a taxonomic study was examined for the ability to bind salivary alpha-amylase. this property was found in most strains of streptococcus gordonii and streptococcus mitis and in occasional strains of streptococcus anginosus and streptococcus salivarius. in contrast, all strains of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus oralis, streptococcus vestibularis, and streptococcus mutans lacked alpha-amylase-binding ca ...19902254435
comparison of the initial streptococcal microflora on dental enamel in caries-active and in caries-inactive individuals.this study compared the initial (4 h) microflora on enamel in 7 caries-active and in 7 caries-inactive adolescents. in both groups the microflora was dominated by streptococci which comprised 61 and 78% (median values) of the total viable counts in caries-active and caries-inactive individuals, respectively (p less than 0.01). identification of a total of 700 streptococcal isolates according to a recently revised classification showed that the predominant streptococci belonged to the species str ...19902276164
platelet aggregation by oral streptococci.one proposed mechanism in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis is the direct aggregation of platelets by the bacteria causing the disease. some, but not all, strains of streptococcus sanguis have been reported to aggregate platelets but the taxonomy of this and related taxa has changed recently. the ability to aggregate platelets by 24 genetically grouped laboratory stock strains was studied along with 8 recent isolates from cases of endocarditis. strains belonging to s. sanguis could aggr ...19902283042
method and parameters for genetic transformation of streptococcus sanguis challis.a simple procedure for genetic transformation of streptococcus sanguis challis was developed and standardized. during the exponential phase of growth, cells became competent while growing as diplococci in broth containing 10% foetal calf serum. high levels of competence were maintained by the cultures for 60 min. competent cells could be stored frozen without loss of competence for at least three years. using total chromosomal dna as donor, the dose-response curve for transformation of a point m ...19902284501
antistaphylococcal activity of pentamidine.pentamidine isethionate was bacteriostatic against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus sanguis, micrococcus sp., and candida albicans. s. aureus was inhibited by concentrations of 16 to 64 micrograms/ml and killed by 64 to greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml. staphylococcal killing was consistently greater in the presence of cations and was unaffected by methicillin resistance.19902285292
cellular coaggregation of oral streptococcus milleri with actinomyces.oral isolates of streptococcus milleri were examined for their ability to coaggregate with actinomyces. of the 68 s. milleri strains tested, including 3 reference strains, 40 strains coaggregated with actinomyces naeslundii wvu45 (actinomyces coaggregation group b) and 36 strains coaggregated with actinomyces viscosus t14v (actinomyces coaggregation group a). all s. milleri strains of serotypes b (4 strains), e (2 strains), and f (24 strains) coaggregated with both of the actinomyces. the coaggr ...19902294047
colonization resistance of defined bacterial plaques to streptococcus mutans implantation on teeth in a model mouth.we investigated the ability of streptococcus mutans c67-1 to colonize simple bacterial plaques and the effects of age and stability of the pre-formed plaque on colonization resistance. mixed-plaques of actinomyces viscosus wvu627, 'streptococcus mitior' lpa-1, and veillonella dispar omz193 were grown on tooth segments, mounted back to back for simulation of approximal sites in a model mouth for 66 h. s. mutans c67-1 was either included in the original inoculum or super-inoculated onto the develo ...19902307751
the echocardiographic recognition of an atrial myxoma vegetation. 19902309613
isolation of acid producing sorbitol-adapted bacteria from dental plaque using selective agar media.acidogenic bacteria metabolizing sorbitol were isolated and identified from dental plaque of twenty nine volunteers, claiming to be users (sixteen) and non-users (thirteen) of sorbitol-containing chewing gum and candy. sixty bacterial strains were isolated, using improved selective agar media. the taxonomy of twenty strains, all gram-positive cocci, was determined employing a customized bbl minitekr system and other biochemical reactions. the majority of these strains represented streptococcus s ...19902314301
[infectious endocarditis following orthotopic heart transplantation].infection remains a major problem in the early phase after heart transplantation. immunosuppressive therapy is the most important predisposing factor. it may also reactivate preexisting latent endogenous infections. unspecific symptoms and a chronic clinical course, as described in this report, may suggest infective endocarditis of the cardiac allograft. from this case, we do not suggest a general antibiotic prophylaxis for heart transplant recipients; however, special precaution should be consi ...19902316278
enterococcal resistance to vancomycin and related cyclic glycopeptide antibiotics.enterococci belonging to various species resistant to vancomycin and related cyclic glycopeptide antibiotics have been isolated from hospitalized patients in france, the uk and the usa. all such strains examined display inducible synthesis of a membrane protein associated with resistance. the mechanism by which the membrane protein acts has not been definitively established, but it may block the access of the antibiotic to its peptidoglycan target. that the protein could be a bypass enzyme has n ...19902318215
differential response to benzylpenicillin in vivo of tolerant and non-tolerant variants of streptococcus sanguis ii.a variant that was highly tolerant to benzylpenicillin was obtained from a non-tolerant clinical isolate of streptococcus sanguis ii by repeated exposure to penicillin. the rabbit model of endocarditis was used to investigate the efficacy of a high dose regimen of benzylpenicillin (250 mg/kg; peak serum concentration c. 25 mg/l) in the prophylaxis and treatment of endocarditis during challenge or infection with the non-tolerant parent strain or its tolerant variant. the two strains exhibited a s ...19902318747
amylase-binding as a discriminator among oral streptococci.the ability of 51 strains, belonging to streptococcus sanguis, 's. mitior', s. oralis and related groups, to bind salivary amylase was studied. most strains were grouped according to their dna-relatedness and then compared using 14 phenotypic tests. s. mitis, 's. mitior' and three relatively new groups of strains ('cr', 'mgh' and 'tufted mitior') bound salivary amylase, while strains of s. sanguis and s. oralis did not. the ability of strains to bind amylase or not was remarkably consistent with ...19902323538
vancomycin resistance is encoded on a pheromone response plasmid in enterococcus faecium 228.in enterococcus faecium 228, vancomycin resistance is encoded on a 55-kilobase conjugative plasmid, phkk100. this plasmid was transferred with high frequency into susceptible strains of enterococcus faecalis and conferred responses to pheromones produced by e. faecalis and streptococcus sanguis. phkk100 is the first plasmid described that mediates both vancomycin resistance and pheromone response.19902327781
cohesion between oral streptococci and neisseria pharyngis on saliva-coated glass, in the presence and absence of sucrose.ten strains of oral streptococci, comprising nine species, were screened for their in vitro cohesive interactions with a freshly isolated strain of neisseria pharyngis. strains of mutans streptococci, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus sanguis i, streptococcus milleri and streptococcus mitis were able to cohere with n. pharyngis cells attached to a salivary pellicle adsorbed to glass. the cohesion was either due to coaggregation between the different genera or modification of the salivary p ...19902329945
adherence of mutans streptococci to other oral bacteria.adherence of mutans streptococci to strains of actinomyces viscosus, streptococcus sanguis, and streptococcus mitis immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane was measured. strains of streptococcus mutans, s. sobrinus, and s. rattus bound in a lactose-independent manner to a variety of the actinomyces and streptococci. most of these reactions could proceed in the presence of whole saliva although adherence of s. rattus bht to the streptococci was inhibited by salivary molecules. in contrast, adher ...19902341174
involvement of human mucous saliva and salivary mucins in the aggregation of the oral bacteria streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus oralis, and streptococcus rattus.the contribution of human parotid (par) and submandibular/sublingual (sm/sl) saliva and of the human whole salivary mucin fraction (hwsm) to saliva-induced bacterial aggregation was studied for s. sanguis c476, s. oralis i581, and s. rattus hg 59. the mucous sm/sl saliva showed a much higher aggregation potency towards the s. sanguis and s. oralis strain than did the serous par saliva. the sm/sl saliva-induced aggregation was observed after 30 min, at 60 min followed by the par saliva-induced ag ...19902353808
biochemical mechanisms of enhanced inhibition of fluoride on the anaerobic sugar metabolism by streptococcus sanguis.the effect of fluoride on acid production by streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556 was compared under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. the rate of acid production under constant-ph and ph-free-fall conditions was determined during glucose metabolism by resting cells. anaerobic glycolysis was inhibited more strongly by fluoride than was aerobic glycolysis. intracellular levels of 3-phosphoglyceric, 2-phosphoglyceric, and phosphoenolpyruvic acids were lower under anaerobic conditions than under aerobi ...19902355117
atypical supraglottitis caused by streptococcus sanguis.a case of atypical supraglottitis in an 11-year-old boy is presented. the epiglottis was only mildly inflamed. the organism isolated from blood culture was streptococcus sanguis. this organism is a normal commensal of the oral cavity and has not previously been reported as a cause of supraglottitis.19902370475
characterization of streptococcus gordonii (s. sanguis) pk488 adhesin-mediated coaggregation with actinomyces naeslundii pk606.intergeneric coaggregation of streptococcus gordonii (s. sanguis) pk488 and actinomyces naeslundii pk606 was studied by using coaggregation-defective (cog-) mutants of both strains. a streptococcal protein of 38 kilodaltons was identified with anti-s. gordonii serum absorbed with cog- cells of the streptococcus. absorbed immunoglobulin g specifically blocked coaggregation of the streptococcus-actinomyces pair but did not affect the coaggregation of the streptococcus with other coaggregation part ...19902387635
purification and partial characterization of a 65-kda platelet aggregation-associated protein antigen from the surface of streptococcus sanguis.cells of streptococcus sanguis express a collagen-like immunodeterminant (class ii antigen) on their cell walls that induces aggregation of platelets in plasma. these platelet aggregation-associated proteins (paaps) are recovered in cell-free preparations obtained from cells of s. sanguis after 5 min of sonic or limited trypsin treatment. pretreatment of platelet-rich plasma with these soluble preparations selectively inhibits platelet aggregation in response to s. sanguis cells. a paap antigen ...19902387841
structure of a streptococcal adhesin carbohydrate receptor.interactions between complementary protein and carbohydrate structures on different genera of human oral bacteria have been implicated in the formation of dental plaque. the carbohydrate receptor on streptococcus sanguis h1 (one of the primary colonizing species) that is specific for the adhesin on capnocytophaga ochracea atcc 33596 (a secondary colonizer) has been isolated from the streptococcal cell wall, purified, and structurally characterized. the hexasaccharide repeating unit of the polysa ...19902387843
cerebral botryomycosis: case study.after oral surgery, a 32-year-old man developed a brain abscess. actinomycosis was suspected due to history, clinical findings, response to penicillin therapy, and demonstration of "sulfur granules" in the surgical specimen, but anaerobic cultures were negative for actinomyces. aerobic cultures yielded streptococcus sanguis and pseudomonas cepacia. coccoid organisms demonstrated histologically reacted positively with periodic acid-schiff, gomori's methenamine silver, and brown and brenn stains, ...19902388002
stimulation of the growth of streptococcus sanguis (nctc 7864) by zinc in vitro.zinc, which is present in many materials used in dentistry, including restorative and endodontic materials and mouthwashes, is reputedly bactericidal. however, the addition of this element at concentrations in the range 10-50 ppm to cultures of streptococcus sanguis (nctc 7864) stimulated the growth of the micro-organism relative to that of controls. a second antibacterial element, namely fluoride, reduced growth. similar results were obtained whether the organism was grown aerobically or anaero ...19902391185
[immunological analysis of streptococcus sanguis antigens].the exact cause of behçet's disease is still unknown. recently, advanced bacterial studies revealed that behçet's disease was related to streptococcus (s.) sanguis. however, the antigenicity of s. sanguis has not been fully studied. in this study, we clarified the antigenicity of s. sanguis. we made s. sanguis antigens: mechanical braun extract (mbe) and crude cell wall (ccw) from the whole cells, membrane fraction (mf) and cytoplasmic fraction (cf) from mbe, cell wall fragment (cwf) and lipotei ...19902396588
[a case report of mitral valve regurgitation due to the infective endocarditis associated with the straight back syndrome].a 54 year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a compliant of high fever following the dental treatment. he had the straight thoracic spine with absence of physiological kyphosis. blood culture was positive for streptococcus sanguis i. echocardiography revealed the mitral valve regurgitation with some vegetation at the ruptured chordae tendinae of the posterior leaflet. the operation was performed after the sign of the inflammation was disappeared. we performed the mitral valve reconstructi ...19902398884
an investigation into the mechanism of protection by local passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies against streptococcus mutans.local oral passive immunization with streptococcus mutans-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) (guy's 13) prevented recolonization by indigenous s. mutans in human volunteers who had first been treated with a conventional antibacterial agent (chlorhexidine). the f(ab')2 fragment of the mab was as protective as the intact immunoglobulin g, but the fab fragment of the molecule failed to prevent recolonization of s. mutans. in subjects receiving the mab fab fragment, s. mutans levels in dental plaque ...19902401569
glucanase-producing organisms in human dental plaques.selective media were used to isolate a wide range of bacteria from sixty human dental plaques. glucanase activities of the isolates were determined on dextran- and starch-containing media. all sixty samples of dental plaque yielded some colonies showing amylolytic and dextranolytic activities. the glucanase-producing organisms comprised 20% of the isolates. of these 38% were gram-positive rods, 27% gram-positive cocci, 28% gram-negative rods and 7% were gram-negative cocci. the cultural groups m ...19901691432
influenza a virus potentiates bacteria-induced histamine release. examination of normal individuals and patients allergic to bacteria.influenza a virus was found to enhance basophil histamine release induced by escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus sanguis, but did not per se release histamine. this potentiating effect of the virus was seen both when the bacteria-induced mediator release was ige-dependent (i.e. patient allergic to bacterium) and when the bacterium caused histamine release by a non-immunological mechanism independent of ige (putative sugar-le ...19901700889
identification of mutans streptococci with monoclonal antibodies.mutans streptococci have been correlated with dental caries. the identification of the species within this group is still a problem. the characterization of a monoclonal antibody (mab) omvu10 against s. sobrinus as well as the isolation and characterization of mabs against s. mutans (omvu30 and omvu31), s. cricetus (omvu40) and mutans streptococci (omvu2) is described. the epitope specificity for omvu10 and omvu31 was cell-wall antigen b in both cases although both mabs recognized different spec ...19901707251
comparison of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis receptors for human salivary agglutinin.oral streptococci vary in their susceptibility to salivary agglutinin-mediated aggregation. to understand the molecular basis of this specificity, the structure and function of receptors for agglutinin from streptococcus mutans kpsk2 (msl-1) and streptococcus sanguis m5 (ssp-5) were compared. immunological screening of an s. mutans kpsk2 genomic dna library yielded two identical clones expressing a streptococcal protein that co-migrated with a 220 kda peptide in sds extracts from this organism. ...19901708078
[ecosystem of microbial flora in periodontal pockets, in vitro].this study was designed to analyze the succession of an ecosystem of microbial flora in periodontal pockets, in vitro. bacterial strains used in this study, were fusobacterium nucleatum atcc 10953, porphyromonas gingivalis 381, streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557 and streptococcus mutans omz 176. the bacterial cells, associated with beneficial, pathogenic or plaque forming activity, were cultured in brain heart infusion medium including hemin, vitamin-k1, l-cysteine hydrochloride and sodium thiogly ...19901966733
purification and characterization of a bacteroides loeschei adhesin that interacts with procaryotic and eucaryotic cells.the adhesin of bacteroides loeschei pk1295 that mediates coaggregation with streptococcus sanguis 34 and hemagglutination of erythrocytes was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. the lectinlike protein has an estimated native mr of 450,000 and consists of six subunits of identical molecular weight (mr 75,000). the purified adhesin appears to be a basic protein with a pi between 7.4 and 8.0. amino acid and n-terminal sequence analyses were carried out with the purified protein. these indicate ...19901970562
formation of trimethylamine from dietary choline by streptococcus sanguis i, which colonizes the mouth.choline is a component of the normal diet, and when humans ingest large amounts they excrete trimethylamine (which can impart a fishy body odor). in the presence of nitrite, trimethylamine can be converted to dimethylnitrosamine, a potent carcinogen. bacteria in the large intestine metabolize choline to form trimethylamine. we determined that a bacterium normally present in the oral cavity also has this capacity. mixed bacterial flora cultured from dental plaque and saliva converted choline to t ...199015539190
effect of antimicrobial agents on the oral bacteria coaggregation. 198916312282
the complete structure of the capsular polysaccharide from streptococcus sanguis 34.a complete structure for the capsular polysaccharide of streptococcus sanguis 34, which is responsible for coaggregation of this bacterium with actinomyces viscosus t14v, an important step in the formation of dental plaque, is proposed, based partly on the 1h-n.m.r. spectrum, which was assigned by 2-dimensional cosy, homonuclear hartmann-hahn spectroscopy, and nuclear overhauser effects. a phosphoric diester linkage was identified from the 31p-n.m.r. spectrum, and the linkage was determined from ...19892582463
evaluation of antimicrobial activity in vitro of ten root canal sealers on streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans.the antimicrobial activity of ten root canal sealers was studied on streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans. one hundred plates of trypticase soy agar-sheep red blood cell (10%), each with four distinct 3 mm diameter wells, were divided into two groups of 50 by means of the lawn technique; one group was inoculated with s. sanguis and the other with s. mutans. four milligrams of each root canal sealer was placed in each of three wells in 10 plates (five plates of each inoculant); the fourt ...19892594327
procoagulant activity of endocardial vegetations and blood monocytes in rabbits with streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.to investigate activation of the coagulation system in bacterial endocarditis, we determined the procoagulant activity of blood monocytes isolated from rabbits with streptococcus sanguis-infected or sterile catheter-induced endocardial vegetations. this activity was determined directly after isolation from the peripheral blood and after stimulation in vitro by either endotoxin or by phagocytosis of s. sanguis. the procoagulant activity of the vegetations of these rabbits was also determined. the ...19892595656
a study of in vitro attachment of streptococcus sanguis and actinomyces viscosus to saliva-treated titanium.this study examined the initial attachment of streptococcus sanguis g9-b and actinomyces viscosus t14v to saliva-treated powdered enamel and titanium surfaces. using an in vitro adherence model, significantly lower numbers of actinomyces viscosus t14v bound to the saliva-treated titanium surface when compared to that of the similarly treated enamel. the binding of streptococcus sanguis g9-b to titanium or enamel did not vary significantly. a comparison of the percentage of cells bound to the tit ...19892599579
the microflora associated with the development of initial enamel decalcification below orthodontic bands in vivo in children living in a fluoridated-water area.thirty-four caries-free teeth destined for orthodontic extraction were banded to provide a protected area for the accumulation of plaque. the teeth were extracted at one, two, four, eight, and 14 days after being banded, and samples of the flora below the band were analyzed for the presence of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus 'mitior', 'mutans streptococci', actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces naeslundii, actinomyces odontolyticus, lactobacillus species, and veillonella. after plaque sampling, ...19892600252
effects of varnishes containing chlorhexidine on the human dental plaque flora.this study describes the effects of varnishes containing 0%, 10%, 20%, or 40% chlorhexidine diacetate on the microflora of human fissure dental plaque. sandarac, a natural resin, was used as the varnish base. ten subjects, each with at least four sound fissures harboring high levels of streptococcus mutans, participated in the study. the fissures in each of the individuals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, in each of which one of the varnishes was tested. the varnish treatment ...19892600262
cultural and electronmicroscopic studies of the effect of penicillin on tolerant oral streptococci.penicillin-tolerant and -sensitive strains of oral streptococci were treated with penicillin to determine the production of a post-antibiotic effect (pae). no pae was seen with any of the s. sanguis strains tested but most strains of the other oral streptococcal species produced a pae. cultures on nitrocellulose filters treated with penicillin were examined by scanning electronmicroscopy and showed that tolerant and sensitive strains lost the ability to adhere to the filter after application of ...19892600959
a study of the dental health of patients undergoing heart valve surgery.the mouth is a possible source of infection in patients receiving prosthetic heart valves. in this study, the dental health of such patients was found to be very poor. whilst most of the patients were asymptomatic, only two were dentally fit and 65% required the extraction of one or more teeth. on average, patients had not attended a dental practice for more than 9 years. this level of dental neglect, in a group of patients particularly at risk, is alarming and this study indicates that a higher ...19892602235
a comparison between the elemental surface compositions and electrokinetic properties of oral streptococci with and without adsorbed salivary constituents.in order to characterize the functional cell surface, isoelectric points and elemental surface concentration, the ratios of nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus to carbon of saliva-coated strains were determined by ph-dependent zeta potential measurements and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and compared with those of uncoated strains. the measurements of potential were carried out on completely hydrated cells, whereas the spectroscopy was on freeze-dried micro-organisms. the small increase in the ni ...19892610623
osteomyelitis associated with chronic periodontitis: a report of three cases.correctly differentiating between periodontal abscess (localized, acute suppurative infection of the periodontium) and osteomyelitis (the extension of an infection into the bone medullary cavity) is crucial since the former may not require antibiotics for resolution, while the latter will. initial assessment and treatment of osteomyelitis should be based on clinical examination, radiographic interpretation, and experience. three case histories of osteomyelitis are presented, ranging from a perio ...19892614636
meningitis following bacteremia with streptococcus sanguis. 19892626226
properties of a phosphocarrier protein (hpr) extracted from intact cells of streptococcus sanguis.cells of streptococcus sanguis strain challis were incubated with sodium lauroylsarcosinate to extract surface proteins. a polypeptide of apparent molecular mass 16 kda comprising about 12% of the extract was purified using anion-exchange chromatography. the polypeptide was shown to be a phosphocarrier protein (hpr) that could also be found in the soluble (cytoplasmic) fraction from cells broken by homogenization with glass beads. in vivo labelling of s. sanguis cells with 32pi showed that the p ...19892636256
[chemiluminescence and phagocytic reactions of human nuclear leukocytes incubated with streptococcus sanguis].this experiment was designed to determine the role of indigenous organisms in gingival inflammation of the oral cavity, the test bacteria consisted of 3 strains of streptococcus sanguis isolated from plaque at the gingival margin and grown in sure culture. these strains were subsequently designated as a, b and c. peripheral nuclear leukocytes were isolated from 5 test subjects with clinically healthy gingiva. luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and phagocytic functions of the 3 strains were meas ...19892637295
technical note: antimicrobial action of glass-ionomer lining cement on s. sanguis and s. mutans.there are a number of glass-ionomer lining cements available to the profession. it is generally agreed that the glass-ionomer cements demonstrate reasonably good biocompatibility. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of six glass-ionomer cements on s. sanguis and s. mutans. forty-eight plates of tsa-srbc (10%), each with 3.0-mm-diam. wells, were divided into two groups (1 and 2) of 24 each. group 1 was inoculated with s. sanguis (10558) and group 2 with s. mutans ...19892638272
fibrinogen binding and resistance to phagocytosis of streptococcus sanguis expressing cloned m protein of streptococcus pyogenes.the biological properties of streptococcus pyogenes m protein cloned and expressed in s. sanguis were investigated. the spm-5 gene previously cloned into escherichia coli was subcloned into the e. coli-s. sanguis shuttle plasmid pva838 to produce a newly constructed plasmid, pbk100. cells of s. sanguis transformed with pbk100 expressed 53-, 55-, and 58-kilodalton polypeptides reacting with type 5 m protein antiserum in immunoblots. the m protein was expressed on the surface of s. sanguis cells a ...19892642469
saliva-mediated aggregation of enterococcus faecalis transformed with a streptococcus sanguis gene encoding the ssp-5 surface antigen.the interaction of a high-molecular-weight salivary glycoprotein (agglutinin) with streptococcus sanguis m5 leads to the formation of bacterial aggregates. we have previously shown that the ssp-5 surface antigen from s. sanguis m5 binds the salivary agglutinin and therefore may be involved in the aggregation process. here we report the transformation of a nonaggregating enterococcus faecalis strain with the ssp-5 gene and show that the protein is expressed on the cell surface and confers an aggr ...19892651309
a double-blinded comparative evaluation of three media for chromophore testing with viridans and nutritionally variant (deficient) streptococci.a double-blinded prospective comparison of chromophore testing among 109 clinical isolates of alpha-hemolytic gram-positive cocci and 48 strains of nutritionally variant (deficient) streptococci (nvs) for its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value under stimulated clinical laboratory conditions was performed after growth in three different media--todd-hewitt broth supplemented with 10 micrograms/ml of pyridoxal (thbp), thbp with 0.8% (w/v) yeast-extract (thbp + ye), and a semisynthetic c ...19892655426
characteristics of a protease of streptococcus sanguis g9b which degrades the major salivary adhesin.an endogenous enzyme present in cell surface extracts of streptococcus sanguis strain g9b degraded the major salivary adhesin of the organism. the enzyme showed optimal activity between 50 and 65 degrees c and was inactivated at higher temperatures. the activity at these unusually high temperatures seemed to be a consequence of release from the cell surface since intact whole g9b cells showed greater activity at 37 degrees c. the enzyme was not found in culture supernatants of g9b cells. the ph ...19892656394
relationship of subgingival plaque flora to lysosomal and cytoplasmic enzyme activity in gingival crevicular fluid.examining the relationships among indicators of the acute inflammatory response in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) and specific bacterial species in subgingival plaque may provide indications of which bacterial species or groups of species may be associated with potentially destructive host-derived processes. here we report on the relationship of the subgingival plaque flora to the activity of mammalian forms of the enzymes beta-glucuronidase (beta g), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and arylsulfat ...19892656765
iga1 proteases of oral streptococci: ecological aspects.the ecology and identity of iga1 protease-producing streptococci in the human oral cavity were studied in an attempt to obtain insight into the significance of iga1 proteases for host-parasite relationships. contrary to previous observations, a detailed taxonomic analysis of oral streptococci revealed that all strains of s. sanguis and s. oralis ("s.mitior") produced iga1 protease. in addition, iga1 protease activity was observed in some isolates of s.mitis. of the streptococci that initiate pla ...19892659509
isolation of a coaggregation-inhibiting cell wall polysaccharide from streptococcus sanguis h1.coaggregation between streptococcus sanguis h1 and capnocytophaga ochracea atcc 33596 cells is mediated by a carbohydrate receptor on the former and an adhesin on the latter. two methods were used to release the carbohydrate receptor from the gram-positive streptococcus, autoclaving and mutanolysin treatment. the polysaccharide released from the streptococcal cell wall by either treatment was purified by ion-exchange chromatography; this polysaccharide inhibited coaggregation when preincubated w ...19892661543
comparison of different assays for the aggregation of oral bacteria by human whole saliva.for comparison, human whole saliva-induced aggregation was studied by phase-contrast microscopy, spectrophotometry combined with macroscopic observations, and in microtiterplate assay under identical experimental conditions for actinomyces viscosus hg 85 (t14-v) and hg 380 (t14-av), bacteroides gingivalis hg 66 (w 83), streptococcus rattus hg 59 (bht), and streptococcus sanguis i hg 169. the entire process of formation, extension, and sedimentation of aggregates could merely be observed by the c ...19892662902
the streptokinase gene of group a streptococci: cloning, expression in escherichia coli, and sequence analysis.the gene specifying the group a streptokinase (ska) gene was cloned from an m type 49 strain of streptococcus pyogenes and shown to express in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the dna fragment carrying ska was determined and compared to that of the group c streptokinase gene (skc). there is 90% sequence identity between the two genes, with highly conserved transcription and translation control regions. the deduced amino acid sequence of the group a streptokinase (ska) contains the sa ...19892668686
lingual abscess: the value of ultrasound in diagnosis.a case of lingual abscess is presented. the sparsity of physical signs made ultrasound imaging an invaluable investigation in the diagnosis.19892685149
novel shuttle vectors for improved streptokinase expression in streptococci and bacterial l-forms.novel shuttle vectors of small size and increased copy number capable of replication in escherichia coli, l-forms of proteus mirabilis, and streptococci were constructed from a streptococcal erythromycin-resistant plasmid and an escherichia coli phasmid. the streptokinase gene, skc, was inserted into one of them, and skc expression was studied in streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus lactis, and in an l-form strain (lvi) of proteus mirabilis. the new streptokinase shuttle plasmid, pmls10 (7.3 kb) ...19892693202
cloning and expression of an adhesin antigen of streptococcus sanguis g9b in escherichia coli.a genomic library of streptococcus sanguis, strain g9b, was constructed and expressed in escherichia coli using a lambda gt11 expression vector. the amplified library was probed with polyclonal anti-g9b igg and 13 antigen-positive clones were isolated. a lysate of one clone, designated pp39, absorbed the adhesion-inhibitory activity of anti-g9b igg. this clone contained an insert of approximately 2000 bp and expressed unique 200 and 53 kda proteins that reacted with monospecific anti-adhesin ant ...19892695596
[in vitro study of bacterial invasion in radicular dentin].the purpose of this study was to investigate whether plaque bacteria invade exposed radicular dentin after root planing or chemical root treatment in vitro. pieces of dentin were cut out from impacted third molars. the surface of all dentin pieces was treated with sandpaper (#240) so as to make the surface roughness of dentin pieces equal to that of the root surface after root planing (rp surface). half of the dentin pieces were treated with citric acid (ph 1.0) for 3 minutes (ca surface). after ...19892700355
alveolar epithelial responses in experimental streptococcal pneumonia.we describe an experimental model of pneumonia in wistar rats evoked by streptococcus sanguis. the lesion developed rapidly as a confluent bronchopneumonia of the single-lobed left lung. except at the extreme base, where an abscess formed, the pneumonic process thereafter resolved, and most of the lung appeared microscopically and ultrastructurally normal 8 days after infection. sequential electron microscopic studies revealed that in the areas of lung which subsequently resolved, damage was res ...19892715880
molecular analysis of viridans and nutritionally deficient (variant) streptococci causing sequential episodes of endocarditis in a patient.clinical blood isolates from sequential episodes of endocarditis occurring over a six-month period of time in an addict were investigated. the pathogens were streptococcus sanguis ii, streptococcus mitis, and a nutritionally deficient (variant) streptococcus. the authors determined the dna relatedness of these isolates by antibiograms, plasmid profiles, chromosomal endonuclease restriction digestions, and dot blot dna-dna hybridization analyses. the s. sanguis ii and nutritionally deficient stre ...19892718964
detachment of oral bacteria from saliva-coated hydroxyapatite by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) demonstrated the ability to detach actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii and streptococcus sanguis from saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads (sha). between 60 to 80% of bacteria were detached within 1 hour at pmn-to-bacteria ratios between 1:10 to 1:22. detachment was enhanced by treating bacteria with fresh but not heat-inactivated normal human serum. detachment of serum-treated a. viscosus was inhibited by cytochalasin b, l-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethylchlorom ...19892724035
identification of viridans streptococci by pyrolysis-gas chromatography.an isothermal method of pyrolysis-gas chromatography (py-gc) was used for the identification of viridans streptococci. pyrograms from 104 reference strains were subjected to a discriminant analysis to produce classification coefficients for the identification of 74 test organisms. five groups representing recognised species were discriminated but streptococcus milleri strains could not be distinguished from s. sanguis. if s. milleri and s. sanguis are regarded as a single pyrogroup, only three s ...19892724324
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