Publications

evaluation of frequent milkout for treatment of cows with experimentally induced escherichia coil mastitis.	to evaluate the effect of frequent milkout (fmo) on the outcome of experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis in cows.	2003	12523483
serotypes and shiga toxin genotypes among escherichia coli isolated from animals and food in argentina and brazil.	shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from animals and food in argentina (n=44) and brazil (n=20) were examined and compared in regard to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to evaluate their pathogenic potential. the clonal relatedness of stec o157 isolates (n=22) was established by phage typing (pt) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). all o157 strains studied carried eae and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec)-hly sequences. in argentina, these s ...	2003	12554103
microbial contamination on beef and sheep carcases in south australia.	a total of 523 chilled beef and lamb carcases were sampled from four abattoirs and 13 very small plants (vsps) in south australia during march 2002 in order to develop a microbiological profile of meat produced for domestic consumption within the state. aerobic viable counts (avcs) and escherichia coli counts were obtained from samples taken by sponge-sampling the muscle-adipose tissue at sites designated for each species in the microbiological guidelines to the australian standard for hygienic ...	2003	12485752
human serum amyloid a3 peptide enhances intestinal muc3 expression and inhibits epec adherence.	we previously determined that the n-terminal region of bovine mammary-associated serum amyloid a3 (m-saa3) increased intestinal mucin muc3 levels in ht29 human intestinal cells by approximately 2.5-fold, relative to untreated cells. this study shows that the human m-saa3 n-terminal peptide further enhances muc3 transcript levels by approximately 4.3-fold in these cells (p<0.02), implicating a species-specific interaction. furthermore, immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis using a muc3-speci ...	2003	12504116
the conserved tflk motif of mammary-associated serum amyloid a3 is responsible for up-regulation of intestinal muc3 mucin expression in vitro.	in various mammalian species, an isoform of serum amyloid a is secreted at high concentrations into colostrum. a conserved four-amino-acid motif (tflk) is contained within the first eight n-terminal amino acid residues of this mammary-associated serum amyloid a isoform 3 (m-saa3). peptides derived from the bovine n-terminal amino acid sequence of m-saa3 were produced and added to cell culture medium of ht29 cells to study the effects on intestinal mucin gene expression. ht29 cells were grown to ...	2003	12508093
comparison of shiga toxin production by hemolytic-uremic syndrome-associated and bovine-associated shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates.	there is considerable diversity among shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) bacteria, and only a subset of these organisms are thought to be human pathogens. the characteristics that distinguish stec bacteria that give rise to human disease are not well understood. stxs, the principal virulence determinants of stec, are thought to account for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus), a severe clinical consequence of stec infection. stxs are typically bacteriophage encoded, and their product ...	2003	12571029
geographical variation in ribotype profiles of escherichia coli isolates from humans, swine, poultry, beef, and dairy cattle in florida.	waters impacted by fecal pollution can exact high risks to human health and can result in financial losses due to closures of water systems used for recreation and for harvesting seafood. identifying the sources of fecal pollution in water is paramount in assessing the potential human health risks involved as well as in assessing necessary remedial action. recently, various researchers have used the ribotyping method to identify sources of bacterial indicators (escherichia coli and enterococci) ...	2003	12571033
image analysis method for evaluation of specific and non-specific hand contamination.	to evaluate a quantifying image analysis method for assessing the degree of hand contamination and efficacy of hand washing procedures.	2003	12588557
thermal and urea-induced unfolding of the marginally stable lac repressor dna-binding domain: a model system for analysis of solute effects on protein processes.	thermodynamic and structural evidence indicates that the dna binding domains of lac repressor (laci) exhibit significant conformational adaptability in operator binding, and that the marginally stable helix-turn-helix (hth) recognition element is greatly stabilized by operator binding. here we use circular dichroism at 222 nm to quantify the thermodynamics of the urea- and thermally induced unfolding of the marginally stable laci hth. van't hoff analysis of the two-state unfolding data, highly a ...	2003	12590610
opsonic activity of serum and whey from cows immunized with the ferric citrate receptor.	the effects of immunizing dairy cows with the ferric citrate receptor, feca, on the opsonic activity of serum and whey were measured in a phagocytosis assay. fifteen cows were assigned to five blocks of three cows based on date of expected parturition. cows within a block were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) feca immunization, 2) immunization with a commercially available escherichia coli j5 bacterin, and 3) unimmunized controls. cows were challenged at approximately 21 dim by i ...	2003	12613859
comparison of ribotyping and repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr for identification of fecal escherichia coli from humans and animals.	this report compares the performances of two popular genotypic methods used for tracking the sources of fecal pollution in water, ribotyping and repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr (rep-pcr). the rep-pcr was more accurate, reproducible, and efficient in associating dna fingerprints of fecal escherichia coli with human and animal hosts of origin.	2003	12620878
comparison of methods for dna isolation from food samples for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli by real-time pcr.	in this study, food samples were intentionally contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7, and then dna was isolated by using four commercial kits. the isolated dna samples were compared by using real-time pcr detection of the shiga toxin genes. the four kits tested worked similarly.	2003	12620880
an improved enrichment broth for isolation of escherichia coli o157, with specific reference to starved cells, from radish sprouts.	an enrichment broth was developed for the efficient isolation of escherichia coli o157 from radish sprouts. the broth was buffered peptone water containing 0.5% sodium thioglycolate (stg-bpw), which was designed to allow growth of e. coli o157 in starved and unstarved states. however, this medium suppressed the growth of non-carbohydrate-fermenting obligate aerobes whose colonial appearance on sorbitol macconkey agar containing cefixime and tellurite (ct-smac) resembled that of e. coli o157. bot ...	2003	12620883
glutamate counteracts the denaturing effect of urea through its effect on the denatured state.	the urea induced equilibrium denaturation behavior of glutaminyl-trna synthetase from escherichia coli (glnrs) in 0.25 m potassium l-glutamate, a naturally occurring osmolyte in e. coli, has been studied. both the native to molten globule and molten globule to unfolded state transitions are shifted significantly toward higher urea concentrations in the presence of l-glutamate, suggesting that l-glutamate has the ability to counteract the denaturing effect of urea. d-glutamate has a similar effec ...	2003	12844489
efficient hsp90-independent in vitro activation by hsc70 and hsp40 of duck hepatitis b virus reverse transcriptase, an assumed hsp90 client protein.	hsp90 is a specialized chaperone that controls the activity of many key regulator proteins such as steroid hormone receptors (shrs). hormone binding, and therefore shr activation, requires hsp90, which is loaded onto the receptors by a series of events involving hsp70, hsp40, hop, and p23. the reverse transcriptase (rt) of hepatitis b viruses, small dna-containing viruses that replicate via an rna intermediate, has been reported to depend similarly on hsp90 for enzymatic activity. using an in vi ...	2003	12851401
preparation of recombinant rat eosinophil-associated ribonuclease-1 and -2 and analysis of their biological activities.	rat eosinophils contain eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (ears) in their granules. ears are thought to be synthesized as pre-forms and stored in the granules as mature forms. however, the n-terminal amino acid of mature ear-1 and ear-2 is still controversial. therefore, we prepared two recombinant mature forms of ear-1 and ear-2 in which the n-terminal amino acids are ser24 (s) [ear-1 (s) and ear-2 (s)] and gln26 (q) [ear-1 (q) and ear-2 (q)], and analyzed their biological activities by compa ...	2003	12853122
transfer of a rifampicin-resistant escherichia coli strain among feedlot cattle.	to determine the incidence of transfer of a naturally occurring rifampicin-resistant strain of escherichia coli (rrec) among cattle in a research feedlot.	2003	12859774
susceptibility of escherichia coli and enterococcus faecium isolated from pigs and broiler chickens to tetracycline degradation products and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants in e. coli from food animals.	one hundred escherichia coli isolates from diseased and healthy pigs, cattle and broiler chickens were screened for the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(a), (b), (c), (d) or (e). the tet(a) gene was the most abundant (71% of the 100 isolates) followed by tet(b) (25%). the predominance of tet(a) and tet(b) applied to all three animal species, and there was no difference between the distribution of tet(a) and tet(b) genes among non-pathogenic and pathogenic e. coli in any of the anima ...	2003	12860079
is pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans strain mz5t suitable as a probiotic? an in vitro study.	rumen bacterium pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans strain mz5t possessed a potent xylanolytic enzyme system consisting of at least 7 different xylan hydrolases with molar mass 27-145 kda. three of them were successfully isolated in active native form. this strain produced butyrate and lactate on different saccharides. cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid was also detected in the culture medium. bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances of mz5t were active against some strains of rumen bacteria and ...	2003	12879743
prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in surface waters of southern alberta and its relation to manure sources.	the oldman river watershed in southern alberta, canada, is an extensively irrigated region in which intensive agricultural practices have flourished. concern over water quality in the basin has been expressed because of high levels of enteric disease indigenous to the region. to address these concerns, we conducted a 2-year study to estimate the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in surface water within the basin. this study is the first of its kind to identify e. coli o1 ...	2003	12897826
characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 from downer and healthy dairy cattle in the upper midwest region of the united states.	while cattle in general have been identified as a reservoir of escherichia coli o157:h7, there are limited data regarding the prevalence and clonality of this pathogen in downer dairy cattle and the potential impact to human health that may occur following consumption of meat derived from downer dairy cattle. in the present study, conducted at two slaughter facilities in wisconsin between may and october of 2001, we established a higher prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in fecal and/or tissue sample ...	2003	12902258
detection of escherichia coli serogroups o26, o103, o111 and o145 from bovine faeces using immunomagnetic separation and pcr/dna probe techniques.	the aim of this study was to isolate escherichia coli o26, o103, o111 and o145 from 745 samples of bovine faeces using (i) immunomagnetic separation (ims) beads coated with antibodies to lipopolysaccharide, and slide agglutination (sa) tests and (ii) pcr and dna probes for the detection of the verocytotoxin (vt) genes.	2003	12904221
genomic approach to identification of mycobacterium bovis diagnostic antigens in cattle.	differential delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing with tuberculin purified protein derivatives from mycobacterium bovis and m. avium is the standard for diagnosing bovine tuberculosis. however, improved tests based on defined, specific antigens are urgently needed. in the present study, a combination of bioinformatics, molecular biology, and bovine models of infection were used to screen mycobacterial proteins for their potential as diagnostic reagents which could be used in a whole-blood ...	2003	12904381
presence of activatable shiga toxin genotype (stx(2d)) in shiga toxigenic escherichia coli from livestock sources.	stx2d is a recently described shiga toxin whose cytotoxicity is activated 10- to 1000-fold by the elastase present in mouse or human intestinal mucus. we examined shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from food and livestock sources for the presence of activatable stx(2d). the stx(2) operons of stec were first analyzed by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis and categorized as stx(2), stx(2c vha), stx(2c vhb), or stx(2d eh250). subsequently, the stx(2c ...	2003	12904389
effect of intramammary escherichia coli endotoxin in early- vs. late-lactating dairy cows.	we investigated the differences in the effect of intramammarily infused endotoxin for cows in early (el) and late (ll) lactation. in this crossover study, nine cows were challenged twice with 100 microg of intramammarily infused escherichia coli 0111:b4 lps, each cow serving its own control. systemic and local signs were recorded throughout the experiment to assess the severity of each cow's response. daily milk yield and indicators of inflammation in blood and milk were also recorded. the respo ...	2003	12906049
l-selectin and beta2-integrin expression on circulating bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during endotoxin mastitis.	the aim of this in vivo study was to examine the effect of intramammarily administered endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps) on the expression of l-selectin (cd62l) and the beta2-integrin subunits cd11b and cd18 on circulating bovine pmn. six early lactating cows were infused with escherichia coli lps. the adhesion molecules under study were stained at the cell surface and analyzed flow cytometrically. in addition, some of the clinical parameters associated with adhesion molecule mobilization such ...	2003	12906050
fate of coliform bacteria in composted beef cattle feedlot manure.	the link between livestock production, manure management, and human health has received much public attention in recent years. composting is often promoted as a means of sanitizing manure to ensure that pathogenic bacteria are not spread to a wider environment during land application. in a two-year study (1998 and 1999) in southern alberta, we examined the fate of coliform bacteria during windrow composting of cattle (bos taurus) manure from feedlot pens bedded with cereal straw or wood chips. n ...	2003	12931908
acid resistance of escherichia coli o157:h7 from the gastrointestinal tract of cattle fed hay or grain.	there has been strong debate as to whether feeding cattle hay prior to slaughter will reduce the number and/or virulence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in the bovine gastrointestinal tract (git). this study addressed this issue by comparing numbers, persistence, and acid resistance of generic coliforms and e. coli o157:h7 from various gastrointestinal tract sites of cattle fed grain or hay. mature angus steers, doubly cannulated into the rumen and duodenum were inoculated with e. coli o157:h7. aliq ...	2003	12935748
subtyping intimin genes from enteropathogenic escherichia coli associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases in the united kingdom and eire.	pcr-rflp methods for subtyping the intimin gene from strains of typical and atypical enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and verocytotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec) were compared. a novel hhai pcr-rflp method was developed that was rapid, easy to use and amplified an 1852 bp fragment of the intimin gene from all isolates examined. this method was used to investigate the intimin sub-types of epec strains associated with 14 outbreaks of diarrhoeal disease between 1967 and 2001, and 20 sporadic ...	2003	12944116
enhanced production of alpha-galactosyl epitopes by metabolically engineered pichia pastoris.	a metabolically engineered pichia pastoris strain was constructed that harbored three heterologous enzymes: an s11e mutated sucrose synthase from vigna radiata, a truncated udp-glucose c4 epimerase from saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a truncated bovine alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase. each gene has its own methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promoter and transcription terminator on the chromosomal dna of p. pastoris strain gs115. the proteins were coexpressed intracellularly under the induction ...	2003	12957908
thermodynamics of heme binding to the hasa(sm) hemophore: effect of mutations at three key residues for heme uptake.	hasa(sm) secreted by the gram-negative bacterium serratia marcescens belongs to the hemophore family. its role is to take up heme from host heme carriers and to shuttle it to specific receptors. heme is linked to the hasa(sm) protein by an unusual axial ligand pair: his32 and tyr75. the nucleophilic nature of the tyrosine is enhanced by the hydrogen bonding of the tyrosinate to a neighboring histidine in the binding site: his83. we used isothermal titration microcalorimetry to examine the thermo ...	2003	12962486
calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, a novel therapeutic drug for lipopolysaccharide (lps)-mediated diseases, attenuates lps toxicity in mice and piglets.	it has been demonstrated that human placental alkaline phosphatase (hplap) attenuates the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-mediated inflammatory response, likely through dephosphorylation of the lipid a moiety of lps. in this study, it is demonstrated that also alkaline phosphatase derived from calf intestine (ciap) is able to detoxify lps. in mice administered ciap, 80% of the animals survived a lethal escherichia coli infection. in piglets, previous to lps detoxification, the pharmacokinetic behavior ...	2003	12970380
a comparative efficacy trial between cefuroxime and cloxacillin as intramammary treatments for clinical mastitis in lactating cows on commercial dairy farms.	to assess the efficacy of a commercial intramammary preparation containing cefuroxime as a treatment for clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows.	2003	16032286
escherichia coli 0157: h7 reservoir, transmission, diagnosis and the african situation: a review.	to provide an overview of the current understanding of verotoxigenic escherichia coli 0157:h7 (vtec) and to describe clinical picture, reservoir, transmission and diagnosis and african situations of vtec.	2003	16167744
the effect of milk production level on host resistance of dairy cows, as assessed by the severity of experimental escherichia coli mastitis.	this study investigated the possible effects of milk production level on the host resistance of dairy cows. high (n = 18) and low (n = 18) producing cows on a research farm, which respectively produced 11 443 and 7 727 kg milk in their previous lactation, were compared. to enhance the possible differences in host resistance between high and low producing cows, the animals in both groups were metabolically stressed by overfeeding during the dry period or were fed according to requirements, result ...	2003	14746768
heterogeneous surface expression of espa translocon filaments by escherichia coli o157:h7 is controlled at the posttranscriptional level.	type iii secretion systems of enteric bacteria enable translocation of effector proteins into host cells. secreted proteins of verotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 strains include components of a translocation apparatus, espa, -b, and -d, as well as "effectors" such as the translocated intimin receptor (tir) and the mitochondrion-associated protein (map). this research has investigated the regulation of lee4 translocon proteins, in particular espa. espa filaments could not be detected on the bact ...	2003	14500511
molecular characterization of escherichia coli o157 contamination routes in a cattle slaughterhouse.	in a cattle slaughterhouse, sampling was performed over a 1-week period to examine the prevalence and possible contamination routes of escherichia coli o157. each sampling day, swab samples were collected from the slaughterhouse environment before onset of slaughter, from the slaughterline, and from 20 successively slaughtered animals. isolation of e. coli o157 consisted of a 6-hour enrichment followed by immunomagnetic separation and selective plating. from the 394 samples taken, 84 (21%) were ...	2003	14503706
enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains bind bovine milk gangliosides in a ceramide-dependent process.	diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is the main infectious disease of newborn calves. the first step of infection involves bacterial attachment to the intestinal mucosa. this adhesion is mediated by fimbriae that recognize some glycoconjugates on the host cell surface, in particular, several gangliosides. because milk also contains gangliosides, these have been suggested to serve as ligands for bacterial fimbriae and thus prevent the bacterial attachment to mucosa. the mos ...	2003	14506839
aetiology of bovine abortion in argentina.	necropsies were performed on 354 fetuses from dairy and beef herds submitted from 1994 to 2000 to the diagnostic laboratories at instituto nacional de tecnología agropecuaria, balcarce, argentina. samples from the fetuses were examined for pathogenic organisms and processed for microscopic examination. an aetiological diagnosis was made for 161 (45.5%) of the fetuses. no diagnosis was made for 193 (54.5%) fetuses. infectious agents were isolated from 122 (34.4%) of the fetuses, bacterial agents ...	2003	14509450
an evaluation of rapid methods for detecting escherichia coli o157 on beef carcasses.	numbers of escherichia coli o157 in food may be low and sensitive techniques are therefore needed for its detection. the objectives of this study were to use carcass meat samples artificially inoculated with various strains of e. coli o157 to compare the sensitivity of enrichment in three different media and to compare immunomagnetic separation followed by culture of magnetic beads to cefixime tellurite sorbitol macconkey agar with three immunoassays for the detection of e. coli o157 in the enri ...	2003	14527800
bedding and seasonal effects on chemical and bacterial properties of feedlot cattle manure.	nutrients, soluble salts, and pathogenic bacteria in feedlot-pen manure have the potential to cause pollution of the environment. a three-year study (1998-2000) was conducted at a beef cattle (bos taurus) feedlot in southern alberta, canada to determine the effect of bedding material [barley (hordeum vulgare l.) straw versus wood chips] and season on the chemical and bacterial properties of pen-floor manure. manure was sampled for chemical content (n, p, soluble salts, electrical conductivity, a ...	2003	14535334
severity of e. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors.	intramammary infections of dairy cows with gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of s. aureus isol ...	2003	14556694
vtec o157 in cattle.		2003	14567669
effect of lipopolysaccharide infusion on serum macromineral and vitamin d concentrations in dairy cows.	four multiparous lactating cows (175 to 220 d in milk) were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design to assess the effects of four doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 microg/kg of body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (lps; escherichia coli 0111:b4) on circulating concentrations of macrominerals and vitamin d metabolites. treatments were dissolved in 100 ml of sterile saline and infused intravenously over a period of 100 min. blood was sampled immediately before infusion (0 h), at 60-min intervals for 8 h, and at ...	2003	14672173
results of milk samples submitted for microbiological examination in wisconsin from 1994 to 2001.	the objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of milk samples submitted for microbiological examination at the wisconsin veterinary diagnostic laboratory between 1994 and 2001. results (n = 83,650) of microbiological testing of milk samples (n = 77,172) submitted to the wisconsin veterinary diagnostic laboratory from january 1994 until june 2001 were analyzed. submissions included milk samples obtained from cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis as well as samples obtained f ...	2003	14672176
influence of extended acid stressing in fresh beef decontamination runoff fluids on sanitizer resistance of acid-adapted escherichia coli o157:h7 in biofilms.	this study evaluated resistance to sanitizing solutions of escherichia coli o157:h7 cells forming biofilms on stainless steel coupons exposed to inoculated meat decontamination runoff fluids (washings). a previously acid-adapted culture of a rifampicin-resistant derivative of e. coli o157:h7 strain atcc 43895 was inoculated in unsterilized or sterilized combined hot-water (85 degrees c) and cold-water (10 degrees c) (50/50 [vol/vol]) composite water (w) washings (ph 6.29 to 6.47) and in w washin ...	2003	14672222
interactive inhibition of meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria by lysozyme, nisin and edta in the presence of nitrite and sodium chloride at 24 degrees c.	to develop a nisin- and lysozyme-based antimicrobial treatment for use with processed ham and bologna, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether inhibition enhancing interactions occur between the antimicrobials lysozyme, chrisin (a commercial nisin preparation), edta, nacl and nano(2). inhibitory interactions were observed between a number of agents when used against specific pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. the observed interactions included lysozyme with edta (enterococcus fae ...	2003	12423927
antimicrobial resistance and resistance gene determinants in clinical escherichia coli from different animal species in switzerland.	antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 581 clinical escherichia coli isolates from diarrhea and edema disease in pigs, from acute mastitis in dairy cattle, from urinary tract infections in dogs and cats, and from septicemia in laying hens collected in switzerland between 1999 and 2001. among the 16 antimicrobial agents tested, resistance was most frequent for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin. isolates from swine presented significantly more resistance than t ...	2003	12441233
in vitro growth of mastitis-inducing escherichia coli in milk and milk fractions of dairy cows.	the outcome of e. coli mastitis in cows ranges from mild to severe in individual animals. this study explored the hypothesis that milk from individual cows differs in its growth medium properties for e. coli, and whether possible variation could be related to specific milk constituents. to mimic the early phase of intramammary e. coli infection, a low inoculum size and a short incubation period were used. cell-reduced, cell- and fat-free (skim) and cell- and fat-free and protein-reduced (whey) f ...	2003	12458162
sympathoadrenal and immune system activation during the periparturient period and their association with bovine coliform mastitis. a review.	increased incidence of clinical mastitis in high-yielding cows during early lactation has been attributed to a depressed functional capacity of the immune system. sympathoadrenal factors are known to play an important role in modulating the host susceptibility and resistance to infectious diseases. of primary importance in combating acute intramammary infections are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), as they represent one of the early lines of immunological defense. the release of stress hormon ...	2003	12670012
verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in spain: prevalence, serotypes, and virulence genes of o157:h7 and non-o157 vtec in ruminants, raw beef products, and humans.	in spain, as in many other countries, verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains have been frequently isolated from cattle, sheep, and foods. vtec strains have caused seven outbreaks in spain (six caused by e. coli o157:h7 and one by e. coli o111:h- [nonmotile]) in recent years. an analysis of the serotypes indicated serological diversity. among the strains isolated from humans, serotypes o26:h11, o111:h-, and o157:h7 were found to be more prevalent. the most frequently detected serotyp ...	2003	12671177
[cloning and expression of a novel ubiquitin fusion gene uba256].	spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) uba256 gene is the only ub-gp37 fusion gene in the genome of insect viruses. with the specific primers designed for uba256 gene that was reported recently, the coding regions of uba256, n-terminal ubiquitin and c-terminal gp37 that lacking the signal sequence, were amplified from spltmnpv genomic dna by pcr. the uba256 coding region was expressed using the expression vector pbv220, and a band of 38 kd was detected with western blot analysis, indi ...	2003	12673391
presence and characterization of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli virulence genes in f165-positive e. coli strains isolated from diseased calves and pigs.	the virulence genotype profile and presence of a pathogenicity island(s) (pai) were studied in 18 strains of f165-positive escherichia coli originally isolated from diseased calves or piglets. on the basis of their adhesion phenotypes and genotypes, these extraintestinal pathogenic strains were classified into three groups. the f165 fimbrial complex consists of at least two serologically and genetically distinct fimbriae: f165(1) and f165(2). f165(1) is encoded by the foo operon (pap-like), and ...	2003	12682117
vaccination strategies for reducing clinical severity of coliform mastitis.	brief history and extensive published field efficacy data of the two rough ("r") bacterial mutants utilized in commercial preparations of the core antigen bacterins escherichia coli o111:b4 (strain j5) and salmonella typhimurium re-17 are summarized. particular dosage schedules and routes of administration of coliform mastitis bacterins are compared for their associated ecacy. practical concerns in employing a coliform mastitis vaccination program are discussed. characteristics of farms using co ...	2003	12682942
evidence for a cd14- and serum-independent pathway in the induction of endotoxin-tolerance in human monocytes and thp-1 monocytic cells.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation of macrophages or monocytes is believed to occur via a serum- and cd14-dependent signaling pathway via toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4). we sought to determine whether serum and/or cd14 are required for lps to induce the endotoxin-tolerant state in human monocytes. lps treatments were performed in the presence or absence of an anti-cd14 monoclonal antibody and with or without fetal bovine serum. endotoxin tolerance was assessed after an 18-h exposure (pretreatment ...	2003	12688542
molecular cloning and heterologous expression in e. coli of cytochrome p45017alpha. comparison of structural and functional properties of substrate-specific cytochromes p450 from different species.	to elucidate the nature of substrate specificity and intrinsic mechanism of hydroxylation of steroids, in the present work we carried out molecular cloning and heterologous expression of cdna for three new forms of cytochrome p45017alpha from species of the bovidae family (sheep, goat, and bison), which catalyze 17alpha-hydroxylation of both progesterone (p4) or pregnenolone (p5) and 17,20-lyase reaction resulting in cleavage of side chain with formation of c(19)-steroids. recombinant cytochrome ...	2003	12693981
shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated from healthy dairy cattle in southern brazil.	over a period of 1 year, the production of verotoxin was investigated in 1127 escherichia coli isolated from 243 dairy cattle from 60 small farms in southern brazil. vero cell assay was used to detect toxins in culture supernatants from e. coli isolated from bovine feces. shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) detection rates were 95% (57 of 60) for farms and 49% (119 of 243) for cattle. prevalence of stec-positive cattle in the farms ranged from 0 to 100%. ninety-six percent (315 of 327) of the s ...	2003	12695042
2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency is caused by mutations in the hadh2 gene.	2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase (mhbd) deficiency is a novel inborn error of isoleucine degradation. in this article, we report the elucidation of the molecular basis of mhbd deficiency. to this end, we purified the enzyme from bovine liver. maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the purified protein was identical to bovine 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase type ii. the human homolog of this bovine enzyme is a short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, also known as the " ...	2003	12696021
thermal inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef supplemented with sodium lactate.	a study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effect of sodium lactate (nal) (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in 93% lean ground beef. samples inoculated with a mixture of four strains of e. coli o157:h7 (10(7) to 10(8) cfu/g) were subjected to immersion heating in a water bath stabilized at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, or 65 degrees c. results of statistical analysis indicated that the heating temperature was the only factor affecting the decimal reduction tim ...	2003	12696693
forage feeding to reduce preharvest escherichia coli populations in cattle, a review.	although escherichia coli are commensal organisms that reside within the host gut, some pathogenic strains of e. coli can cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans. the most notable enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) strain is o157:h7. cattle are asymptomatic natural reservoirs of e. coli o157:h7, and it has been reported that as many as 30% of all cattle are carriers of this pathogen, and in some circumstances this can be as high as 80%. feedlot and high-producing dairy cattle are fed large grain ratio ...	2003	12703622
influence of agitation, inoculum density, ph, and strain on the growth parameters of escherichia coli o157:h7--relevance to risk assessment.	foods may differ in at least two key variables from broth culture systems typically used to measure growth kinetics of enteropathogens: initial population density of the pathogen and agitation of the culture. the present study used nine escherichia coli o157:h7 strains isolated from beef and associated with human illness. initial kinetic experiments with one e. coli o157:h7 strain in brain-heart infusion (bhi) broth at ph 5.5 were performed in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design, testing the effects of ...	2003	12706036
risk factors associated with faecal shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in eight known-infected danish dairy herds.	a risk-factor study was performed in eight dairy herds found to excrete verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 in a former prevalence study. associations between excretion of vtec o157 and management factors such as housing and feeding were analysed in a generalised linear mixed model. the animals were stratified in three age groups and sampled four times during 1 year. the risk of excreting vtec o157 was higher among weaned calves than non-weaned calves. among the calves aged 1-4 ...	2003	12706052
bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling.	pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter spp. have been implicated in outbreaks of food poisoning in the uk and elsewhere. domestic animals and wildlife are important reservoirs for both of these agents, and cross-contamination from faeces is believed to be responsible for many human outbreaks. appropriate parameterisation of quantitative microbial-risk models requires representative data at all levels of the food chain. our focus in this paper is on the early stages of the f ...	2003	12706055
pathogen survival in swine manure environments and transmission of human enteric illness--a review.	the influence of zoonotic pathogens in animal manure on human health and well-being as a direct or indirect cause of human enteric illness is examined. available international data are considered, but the study is focused on the developing situation in western canada, where it is certain there will be further rapid growth in livestock numbers, particularly hogs. major pathogens considered are escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia, cryptosporidium, and giardia. canada is n ...	2003	12708660
occurrence and characteristics of cs31a antigen-producing escherichia coli in calves with diarrhoea and septicaemia in argentina.	cs31a is a k88-related non-fimbrial adhesin first described on escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves. in this report, cs31a antigen was screened by immunological methods and confirmed by pcr among bovine e. coli isolates. in addition, cs31a-producing strains were characterized with respect to different fimbrial antigens, o-serogroup and other properties related to virulence. faecal or tissue specimens of 100 diarrhoeic or septicaemic calves and 27 older cattle ...	2003	12710494
hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h infection and consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk.	enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26 has emerged as a significant cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). the source and the vehicle of contamination with ehec o26 are not often identified. we report two austrian cases of hus due to e. coli o26:h- affecting an 11-month-old boy and a 28-month-old girl in which transmission through unpasteurized cow's milk was positively identified.	2003	12718809
a new method for enzymatic preparation of isopentenyladenine-type and trans-zeatin-type cytokinins with radioisotope-labeling.	we describe a new enzymatic reaction method for the preparation of the radioisotope-labeled cytokinins isopentenyladenine (ip), trans-zeatin (tz), and their ribosides. the method is based on the three enzyme activities of an adenylate isopentenyltransferase (ipt; ec 2.5.1.27) from arabidopsis thaliana, an alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) from calf intestine, and a purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (ec 2.4.2.1) from escherichia coli. the a. thaliana ipt, atipt7, utilized both dimethylallyldiphosph ...	2003	12728344
factors influencing the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 by beef suckler cows.	a study was designed to investigate management factors that might influence the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 by beef cows in scotland, where there is a particularly high rate of human infection. thirty-two herds were visited at least monthly over approximately 1 year for collection of fresh faecal pat samples and information on management factors. the faecal pat samples were tested for vtec o157 by established culture and immunomagnetic separation methods. que ...	2003	12729199
genetic characterization of escherichia coli populations from host sources of fecal pollution by using dna fingerprinting.	escherichia coli isolates were obtained from common host sources of fecal pollution and characterized by using repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) pcr fingerprinting. the genetic relationship of strains within each host group was assessed as was the relationship of strains among different host groups. multiple isolates from a single host animal (gull, human, or dog) were found to be identical; however, in some of the animals, additional strains occurred at a lower frequency. rep pcr fingerpr ...	2003	12732525
origin of contamination and genetic diversity of escherichia coli in beef cattle.	the possible origin of beef contamination and genetic diversity of escherichia coli populations in beef cattle, on carcasses and ground beef, was examined by using random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the flic gene. e. coli was recovered from the feces of 10 beef cattle during pasture grazing and feedlot finishing and from hides, carcasses, and ground beef after slaughter. the 1,403 e. coli isolates (855 fecal, 320 ...	2003	12732550
a mammalian cell regulatory agent, ceres-18, inhibits yeast cell proliferation but not bacterial replication.	a cell regulatory sialoglycopeptide, ceres-18, purified from intact bovine cerebral cortex cells, has exhibited the capability of reversibly inhibiting cellular dna synthesis and the proliferation of a wide array of mammalian cells. in the present study, the effect of ceres-18 on the proliferation of bacterial ( bacillus cereus and escherichia coli) and yeast ( saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe) cells was investigated. the results showed that replication and viability of the ...	2003	12732963
characterization and proteolytic origins of specific peptides appearing during lipopolysaccharide experimental mastitis.	based on the compositional change of the proteose peptone fraction, proteolysis was studied over time following lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental mastitis. electrophoresis of the proteose peptone fraction revealed many degradation products. five peptides were identified by amino-terminal sequencing as internal fragments of beta-, kappa-, alpha(s1)-, and alpha(s2)-casein that were generated by somatic cell proteases. although kappa-casein is considered particularly resistant to endogenous p ...	2003	12741540
role of dietary copper in enhancing resistance to escherichia coli mastitis.	the role of dietary copper in enhancing resistance to escherichia coli mastitis was investigated in first-lactation heifers. twenty-three primigravid holstein heifers were maintained on a basal (6.5 ppm copper; -cu) diet or a diet supplemented (20 ppm) with copper sulfate (+cu) beginning 60 d prepartum through 42 d of lactation. liver biopsies and blood samples were taken for liver and blood minerals and plasma ceruloplasmin. milk samples were taken weekly postpartum for bacteriology. the overal ...	2003	12741549
prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and performance by beef feedlot cattle given lactobacillus direct-fed microbials.	fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7, the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in pens and on carcasses and hides, and cattle performance as a result of daily dietary supplementation with lactobacillus-based direct-fed microbials (dfms) were evaluated in a feeding trial involving 180 beef steers. steers were evaluated for shedding of e. coli o157:h7 by an immunomagnetic separation technique on arrival at the feedlot, just before treatment with the dfms, and every 14 days thereafter until ...	2003	12747680
escherichia coil o157 diversity with respect to survival during drying on concrete.	shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli o157 isolates (n = 123) were divided into groups according to origin, genotype (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge] type, or ribotype), type of stx produced, or phage type (pt). the survival rate ([number of cfu after 24 h of drying/number of cfu before drying] x 100) for each isolate was determined in triplicate after drying on concrete for 24.0 h. the overall mean survival rate among the 123 e. coli o157 isolates studied was 22.9%, but there was ...	2003	12747685
impact of ph enhancement on populations of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7 in boneless lean beef trimmings.	boneless lean beef trimmings were inoculated with multiple strains of salmonellae, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7 at levels of ca. 6 log10 cfu/g. ph enhancement with ammonia gas was then used to increase the ph of the trimmings to ca. 9.6. the product was then frozen, chipped, and compressed into blocks. ph enhancement reduced the populations of salmonellae, l. monocytogenes, and e. coli o157:h7 by approximately 4, 3, and 1 log10 cycles, respectively. after the product had ...	2003	12747699
membrane topology of a metabotropic glutamate receptor.	the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) have been predicted to have a classical seven transmembrane domain structure similar to that seen for members of the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) superfamily. however, the mglurs (and other members of the family c gpcrs) show no sequence homology to the rhodopsin-like gpcrs, for which this seven transmembrane domain structure has been experimentally confirmed. furthermore, several transmembrane domain prediction algorithms suggest that the mglur ...	2003	12764131
structure-function study of the amino-terminal stretch of the catalase subunit molecule in oligomerization, heme binding, and activity expression.	analysis of the protein structure of bovine liver catalase suggested that the n-terminal region containing two alpha-helices may function as a linker binding to another subunit. the number of amino-acid residues in catalase from the n-alkane-assimilating yeast candida tropicalis (ctc) is the lowest of any eukaryotic catalase molecule hitherto investigated, and only one helix, corresponding to the helix alpha2 in bovine liver catalase, is estimated to be present in the same region. in the present ...	2003	12764563
progesterone increases susceptibility of gilts to uterine infections after intrauterine inoculation with infectious bacteria.	in cattle and sheep, a progestogenated uterus is susceptible to infections, but this is not well documented for pigs. therefore, the effects of day of the estrous cycle and progesterone on the susceptibility to uterine infections were evaluated. gilts (n = 5 per group) were assigned to treatments in 2 x 2 factorial arrays. in exp. 1, day of cycle and bacterial challenge were main effects. on d 0 or 8, uteri were inoculated with either 70 x 10(7) cfu of escherichia coli and 150 x 10(7) cfu of arc ...	2003	12772852
a comparison of dna extraction and purification methods to detect escherichia coli o157:h7 in cattle manure.	the extraction of dna from manure and the subsequent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of virulence genes to detect pathogens require an effective method of purification. four different methods were assessed for their effectiveness in extracting and purifying escherichia coli o157:h7 dna from cattle manure: phenol/chloroform purification, phenol/chloroform/sepharose b4 spin columns, phenol/chloroform/polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (pvpp) spun columns, and mo bio ultraclean kit. a pcr assay ...	2003	12782372
antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from dairy cow milk samples submitted for bacterial culture: 8,905 samples (1994-2001).	to determine whether antimicrobial resistance patterns of major mastitis pathogens isolated from milk samples from dairy cows have changed over time.	2003	12784967
recombinant bovine soluble cd14 reduces severity of experimental escherichia coli mastitis in mice.	endotoxin, or lipopolysaccharide (lps), is responsible for pathogenesis of infections induced by gram-negative bacteria, such as e. coli. the cellular response to lps is modulated by interactions among lps, lps-binding protein (lbp) and cd14. accumulated evidence shows that the soluble form of cd14 (scd14) competes with membrane-bound cd14 (mcd14) for lps and plays a pivotal role in regulating bacterial infection and septic shock caused by gram-negative bacteria. recombinant bovine scd14 (rboscd ...	2003	12791240
bovine mastitis in selected areas of southern ethiopia.	a study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern ethiopia. a total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous zebu, 85 jersey and 60 holstein-friesian. were examined by clinical examination and the california mastitis (cmt) test. of these, 40.4% were positive by cmt and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevale ...	2003	12797409
pathogenicity of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in neonatal calves and evaluation of fecal shedding by treatment with probiotic escherichia coli.	the pathogenicity and fecal shedding of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26:h11, o111:nm, and o157:h7 were compared in calves (< 1 week of age) with or without prior treatment with probiotic bacteria (competitive exclusion e. coli). three groups of 12 to 14 calves were used for these treatments. half of the calves in each group were perorally administered 10(10) cfu of probiotic bacteria per calf, and, 2 days thereafter, 10(8) cfu of a five-strain mixture with one of the three ehec ser ...	2003	12800990
antitumour activity and specificity as a function of substitutions in the lipophilic sector of helical lactoferrin-derived peptide.	a peptide l5 (pawrkafrwawrmlkkaa), derived from the n-terminal alpha-helical region of bovine lactoferrin (lfb 14-31), that is highly active against several tumour cell lines was reported earlier. in this study, a number of l5 analogues were designed in order to investigate how subsequent replacements of the aromatic amino acids in l5 with three amino acids representing different structural parameters influenced antitumour activity and tumour cell specificity relative to normal human cells. the ...	2003	12803496
antibiotic resistance in animals.	there is currently no systematic surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic resistance in australian animals. registration of antibiotics for use in animals is tightly controlled and has been very conservative. fluoroquinolones have not been registered for use in food producing animals and other products have been removed from the market because of human health concerns. in the late 1970s, the animal health committee coordinated a survey of resistance in salmonella and escherichia coli isolates fr ...	2003	12807287
surveillance for antibiotic resistance in veterinary pathogens from the perspective of a regional diagnostic laboratory.	the toowoomba veterinary laboratory tests for antibiotic resistance through passive surveillance of bacterial pathogens from diseased, frequently intensively managed, animals. testing is carried out on the basis of the number of animals involved, the nature and severity of the disease and the identity and significance of the bacterium, the results guiding the submitting veterinarian in implementing appropriate treatment. the antibiotics chosen for testing are those that are currently registered ...	2003	12807288
rapid sample preparation method for pcr-based detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef.	to develop an improved, rapid and sensitive sample preparation method for pcr-based detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef.	2003	12807462
field trials on the prophylaxis of intramammary infections in pregnant heifers.	the study was carried out in 5 farms on 174 pregnant heifers. clinical examination of the udder and bacteriological tests of quarter secretion were performed between the 8th and 3rd week before parturition, and then the animals were divided into a control group (64 heifers) and 3 experimental groups and immediately treated. a group of 32 experimental heifers was injected once with antioxidants (vitamin a--600,000 i.u.; vitamin d3--200,000 i.u.; vitamin e--1.5 mg/kg b.w., selenium--0.022 mg/kg b. ...	2003	12817782
sensitivity of methods for the isolation of escherichia coli o157 from naturally infected bovine faeces.	at present, no standard protocol has been described to detect the presence of escherichia coli o157 in cattle faeces. therefore, the sensitivity of 26 different isolation methods was determined in order to recommend a method of choice. faeces samples from 17 different beef cattle at a farm previously found positive for e. coli o157 were subdivided into a total of 40 samples. it was not known whether the 17 cattle shed e. coli o157 at the time of sampling. at another farm where cattle have been f ...	2003	12829388
occurrence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in dairy herds in the west littoral region in uruguay.	twenty-nine dairy farms were selected to determine the incidence of clinical mastitis, prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and bacterial aetiology in the west littoral region of uruguay. in samples taken by the owner and frozen at -20 degrees c during a week the incidence rate of clinical mastitis was determined as 1.2 cases per 100 cow-months at risk. staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated pathogen in 37.5% of 40 milk samples from clinical cases obtained in 1 month. no bacteria grew ...	2002	12831175
observation of additional calcium ion in the crystal structure of the triple mutant k56,120,121m of bovine pancreatic phospholipase a2.	phospholipase a(2) catalyses hydrolysis of the ester bond at the c2 position of 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. here we report the 1.9a resolution crystal structure of the triple mutant k56,120,121m of bovine pancreatic phospholipase a(2). the structure was solved by molecular replacement method using the orthorhombic form of the recombinant phospholipase a(2). the final protein model contains all the 123 amino acid residues, two calcium ions, 125 water molecules and one 2-methyl-2-4-pentanediol molecul ...	2002	12460575
engineering s-protein fragments of bovine ribonuclease a for targeted drug delivery.	high affinity interaction between s-protein and s-peptide fragments of bovine pancreatic rnase a has been recently used for construction of molecular vehicles for targeted drug delivery. the vehicle is assembled as a complex of drug carrier conjugated s-protein with s-peptide-tagged targeting protein. to avoid random chemical crosslinking of drug carriers to s-protein, we constructed a mutant 16-124aa fragment of rnase a in which 122ala is replaced with a cysteine residue. the mutant and the cor ...	2002	12460770
efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfadoxine against escherichia coli in a tissue cage model in calves.	tissue cages implanted subcutaneously in calves were infected with escherichia coli. twenty-four hours later, the calves were treated either with single doses of 2.5 + 12.5 or 5 + 25 mg/kg trimethoprim (tmp) + sulfadoxine (sdx) or with five doses of 7.5 + 37.5 mg/kg tmp + sdx at 12-h intervals. in addition, one cage in each of three calves in the highest dose group was infected 3 h after initiation of treatment. untreated calves were kept as controls. concentrations of tmp and sdx in plasma and ...	2002	12485347
isolation, crystallisation, and preliminary x-ray analysis of the bovine mitochondrial ef-tu:gdp and ef-tu:ef-ts complexes.	previous studies have shown that when bovine mitochondrial elongation factor ts (ef-ts) is expressed in escherichia coli, it forms a tightly associated complex with e. coli elongation factor tu (ef-tu). in contrast to earlier experiments, purification of free mitochondrial ef-ts was accomplished under nondenaturing conditions since only about 60% of the expressed ef-ts copurified with e. coli ef-tu. the bovine mitochondrial ef-tu:gdp complex, the homologous mitochondrial ef-tu:ef-ts complex, and ...	2002	12445479
inducible expression of an antimicrobial peptide of the innate immunity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	epithelia- and leukocyte-associated antimicrobial peptides provide immediate protection against microbial infections by rapidly inactivating potential pathogens. bac5 is a member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides and is stored in the cytoplasmic granules of bovine neutrophils. we investigated the expression of this gene in airway and intestine, and although the gene was not found to be locally expressed in these tissues, a strong bac5 induction signal was detected by in situ h ...	2002	12429723
characterization of a brain-enriched chaperone, mrj, that inhibits huntingtin aggregation and toxicity independently.	molecular chaperones are involved in a wide range of cellular events, such as protein folding and oligomeric protein complex assembly. dnak- and dnaj-like proteins are the two major classes of molecular chaperones in mammals. recent studies have shown that dnaj-like family proteins can inhibit polyglutamine aggregation, a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including huntington's disease (hd). although most dnaj-like proteins studied are ubiquitously expressed, some have restricted expr ...	2002	11896048
effect of apoptosis on phagocytosis, respiratory burst and cd18 adhesion receptor expression of bovine neutrophils.	polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (pmn) play an important role in intramammary defense against infections by escherichia coli. during mastitis, pmn are confronted with various inflammatory mediators that can modulate their function. in severely diseased cows, increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha (tnf-alpha) are detected in plasma. binding of lps to membrane bound cd14 molecules on monocytes cause release of inflammatory mediators such a ...	2002	11900963
[molecular epidemiological investigation of vero toxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) isolated from diarrhea patients and dairy cattle].	to elucidate the source and route of vtec infection, we performed pulse field gel electrophoresis (pfge) an 50 isolates from human diarrhea typed as serotypes o157, o111, and o26, which were very frequently isolated from patients with vtec infection between 1986 and 1997, and 32 isolates from dairy cattle, a total of 82 isolates. the isolates were genetically analyzed based on the electrophoresis patterns of dna, and a phylogenetic tree was prepared. the isolates were classified based on similar ...	2002	11905004
thermodynamics of single peptide bond cleavage in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti).	a major goal of this paper was to estimate a dynamic range of equilibrium constant for the opening of a single peptide bond in a model protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti). ten mutants of bpti containing a single xaa-->met substitution introduced in different parts of the molecule were expressed in escherichia coli. the mutants were folded, purified to homogeneity, and cleaved with cyanogen bromide to respective cleaved forms. conformation of the intact mutants was similar to the ...	2002	11910035