Publications

urban mosquito fauna in mérida city, méxico: immatures collected from containers and storm-water drains/catch basins.	we examined the species composition and temporal occurrence of immature mosquitoes in containers and storm-water drains/catch basins from november 2011 to june 2013 in mérida city, méxico. a wide range of urban settings were examined, including residential premises, vacant lots, parking lots, and streets or sidewalks with storm-water drains/catch basins. in total, 111,776 specimens of 15 species were recorded. the most commonly collected species were aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (n = 60,961) a ...	25429168
dengue: challenges for policy makers and vaccine developers.	because of the increasing incidence, geographic expansion and economic burden of dengue transmission, dengue poses major challenges to policy makers. a vaccine against dengue is urgently needed, but vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate animal model, poor understanding of correlates of successful human immunity, the fear of immune enhancement, and viral interference in tetravalent combinations. the most suitable target epitopes for vaccines, as well as the role of n ...	24781826
mayaro virus infection, amazon basin region, peru, 2010-2013.	during 2010-2013, we recruited 16 persons with confirmed mayaro virus infection in the peruvian amazon to prospectively follow clinical symptoms and serologic response over a 12-month period. mayaro virus infection caused long-term arthralgia in more than half, similar to reports of other arthritogenic alphaviruses.	24210165
aedes taeniorhynchus vectorial capacity informs a pre-emptive assessment of west nile virus establishment in galápagos.	increased connectivity with the mainland has led to the arrival of many invasive species to the galápagos islands, including novel pathogens, threatening the archipelago's unique fauna. here we consider the potential role of the mosquito aedes taeniorhynchus in maintaining the flavivirus west nile virus [wnv] should it reach the islands. we report on three components of vectorial capacity - vector competency, distributional abundance and host-feeding. in contrast to usa strains, galápagos a. tae ...	23519190
antiviral defense mechanisms in honey bees.	honey bees are significant pollinators of agricultural crops and other important plant species. high annual losses of honey bee colonies in north america and in some parts of europe have profound ecological and economic implications. colony losses have been attributed to multiple factors including rna viruses, thus understanding bee antiviral defense mechanisms may result in the development of strategies that mitigate colony losses. honey bee antiviral defense mechanisms include rna-interference ...	26273564
can horton hear the whos? the importance of scale in mosquito-borne disease.	the epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens is determined by mechanisms and interactions at different scales of biological organization, from individual-level cellular processes to community interactions between species and with the environment. most research, however, focuses on one scale or level with little integration between scales or levels within scales. understanding the interactions between levels and how they influence our perception of vector-borne pathogens is critical. here two examp ...	24724278
coi barcode versus morphological identification of culex (culex) (diptera: culicidae) species: a case study using samples from argentina and brazil.	sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) mitochondrial gene from adults of 22 culex (culex) species from argentina and brazil were employed to assess species identification and to test the usefulness of coi for barcoding using the best close match (bcm) algorithm. a pairwise kimura two-parameter distance matrix including the mean intra and interspecific distances for 71 coi barcode sequences was constructed. of the 12 coi lineages recovered in the neighbour-joining topology, five co ...	24473810
dengue vaccines: recent developments, ongoing challenges and current candidates.	dengue is among the most prevalent and important arbovirus diseases of humans. to effectively control this rapidly spreading disease, control of the vector mosquito and a safe and efficacious vaccine are critical. despite considerable efforts, the development of a successful vaccine has remained elusive. multiple factors have complicated the creation of a successful vaccine, not the least of which are the complex, immune-mediated responses against four antigenically distinct serotypes necessitat ...	23984962
the roles of mosquito and bird communities on the prevalence of west nile virus in urban wetland and residential habitats.	this study investigated the impacts of urban wetlands and their adjacent residential environments on the transmission dynamics of west nile virus (wnv) within the state of new jersey (usa). a working hypothesis was that urban wetlands decrease the local prevalence of wnv through the dilution effect from increased bird diversity, and through relative reductions in the numbers of competent avian host and mosquito species commonly associated with wnv. surveys of mosquito and bird communities were u ...	25484570
travel medicine for the extreme traveler.		17101310
larvicidal & ovicidal efficacy of pithecellobium dulce (roxb.) benth. (fabaceae) against anopheles stephensi liston & aedes aegypti linn. (diptera: culicidae).	in view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was undertaken to assess the larvicidal and ovicidal potential of the crude hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent extracts from the medicinal plant pithecellobium dulce against the mosquito vectors, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	24056567
preliminary findings on bagaza virus (flavivirus: flaviviridae) growth kinetics, transmission potential & transovarial transmission in three species of mosquitoes.	bagaza virus (bagv), a flavivirus synonymous with israel turkey meningoencephalitis virus, has been found to circulate in india. bagv has recently been held responsible for inducing febrile illness in humans and causing unusually high mortality to wild birds in spain. a study was therefore, undertaken to determine its replication kinetics in certain mosquitoes and to determine vector competence and potential of the mosquitoes to transmit bagv experimentally.	24056604
zika virus: indian perspectives.	the emergence of zika virus (ziv), a mosquito borne flavivirus like dengue (den) and chikungunya (chik), in brazil in 2014 and its spread to various countries have led to a global health emergency. aedes aegypti is the major vector for ziv. fast dissemination of this virus in different geographical areas posses a major threat especially to regions where the population lacks herd immunity against the ziv and there is abundance of aedes mosquitoes. in this review, we focus on current global scenar ...	27487998
rodents and risk in the mekong delta of vietnam: seroprevalence of selected zoonotic viruses in rodents and humans.	in the mekong delta in southern vietnam, rats are commonly traded in wet markets and sold live for food consumption. we investigated seroprevalence to selected groups of rodent-borne viruses among human populations with high levels of animal exposure and among co-located rodent populations. the indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat) was used to determine seropositivity to representative reference strains of hantaviruses (dobrava virus [dobv], seoul virus [seov]), cowpox virus, arenaviruses ( ...	25629782
evidence that implicit assumptions of 'no evolution' of disease vectors in changing environments can be violated on a rapid timescale.	projected impacts of climate change on vector-borne disease dynamics must consider many variables relevant to hosts, vectors and pathogens, including how altered environmental characteristics might affect the spatial distributions of vector species. however, many predictive models for vector distributions consider their habitat requirements to be fixed over relevant time-scales, when they may actually be capable of rapid evolutionary change and even adaptation. we examine the genetic signature o ...	25688024
assessment of arbovirus surveillance 13 years after introduction of west nile virus, united states.	before 1999, the united states had no appropriated funding for arboviral surveillance, and many states conducted no such surveillance. after emergence of west nile virus (wnv), federal funding was distributed to state and selected local health departments to build wnv surveillance systems. the council of state and territorial epidemiologists conducted assessments of surveillance capacity of resulting systems in 2004 and in 2012; the assessment in 2012 was conducted after a 61% decrease in federa ...	26079471
interspecific larval competition between aedes albopictus and aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in northern virginia.	aedes albopictus (skuse) and aedes japonicus (theobald) are two of the most recent and widespread invasive mosquito species to have become established in the united states. the two species co-occur in water-filled artificial containers, where crowding and limiting resources are likely to promote inter- or intraspecific larval competition. the performance of northern virginia populations of ae. japonicus and ae. albopictus competing as larvae under field conditions was evaluated. per capita rates ...	18714861
the burden of dengue and chikungunya worldwide: implications for the southern united states and california.	dengue virus (denv) spreads to humans through the bite of an infected aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquito and is a growing public health threat to both industrialized and developing nations worldwide. outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the united states occurred extensively in the past but over the past 3 decades have again taken place in florida, hawaii, and texas as well as in american samoa, guam, northern mariana islands, puerto rico, and the us virgin islands. as the aedes vectors ...	25960096
health economics of dengue: a systematic literature review and expert panel's assessment.	dengue vaccines are currently in development and policymakers need appropriate economic studies to determine their potential financial and public health impact. we searched five databases (pubmed, embase, lilac, econlit, and wholis) to identify health economics studies of dengue. forty-three manuscripts were identified that provided primary data: 32 report economic burden of dengue and nine are comparative economic analyses assessing various interventions. the remaining two were a willingness-to ...	21363989
regulation of cell survival and death during flavivirus infections.	flaviviruses, ss(+) rna viruses, include many of mankind's most important pathogens. their pathogenicity derives from their ability to infect many types of cells including neurons, to replicate, and eventually to kill the cells. flaviviruses can activate tumor necrosis factor α and both intrinsic (bax-mediated) and extrinsic pathways to apoptosis. thus they can use many approaches for activating these pathways. infection can lead to necrosis if viral load is extremely high or to other types of c ...	24921001
serratia odorifera mediated enhancement in susceptibility of aedes aegypti for chikungunya virus.	the susceptibility of the mosquito to the invading pathogen is predominantly dictated by the complex interactions between the mosquito midgut and the surface proteins of the invading pathogen. it is well documented that the midgut microbiota plays an important role in determining the susceptibility of the mosquito to the pathogen. in the present study, we investigated the influence of serratia odorifera, an endogenous cultivable midgut inhabitant of aedes aegypti on the chikungunya virus (chikv) ...	25027087
larvicidal efficacy of ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant juniperus procera essential oil against afrotropical malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae).	to screen the essential oil of juniperus procera (j. procera) (cupressaceae) for larvicidal activity against late third instar larvae of anopheles arabiensis (an. arabiensis) patton, the principle malaria vector in ethiopia.	25183156
economic value of dengue vaccine in thailand.	with several candidate dengue vaccines under development, this is an important time to help stakeholders (e.g., policy makers, scientists, clinicians, and manufacturers) better understand the potential economic value (cost-effectiveness) of a dengue vaccine, especially while vaccine characteristics and strategies might be readily altered. we developed a decision analytic markov simulation model to evaluate the potential health and economic value of administering a dengue vaccine to an individual ...	21540387
neurological infections in the returning international traveler.	clinicians may encounter international travelers returning with exotic infections, emerging infectious diseases, or resurgent old-world infections. many of these infectious diseases can affect the nervous system directly or indirectly. the contemporary neurologist should therefore be cognizant of the clinical manifestations, potential complications, and appropriate management of common travel-related infections. this chapter focuses on five important infections that affect the central nervous sy ...	25147444
dengue antibody prevalence in german travelers.	we studied 2,259 german citizens after they returned from dengue-endemic countries from 1996 to 2004. serotype-specific dengue antibodies indicated acute infections in 51 (4.7%) travelers with recent fever and 13 (1.1%) travelers with no recent fever, depending largely on destination and epidemic activity in the countries visited.	15890135
the tortoise or the hare? impacts of within-host dynamics on transmission success of arthropod-borne viruses.	arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are maintained in a cycle of alternating transmission between vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. arboviruses possess rna genomes capable of rapid diversification and adaptation, and the between-host trade-offs inherent to host alternation impose well-documented constraints on arbovirus evolution. here, we investigate the less well-studied within-host trade-offs that shape arbovirus replication dynamics and transmission. arboviruses generally establish l ...	26150665
outbreak of dengue virus serotype-2 (denv-2) of cambodian origin in manipur, india - association with meteorological factors.	dengue is a major health problem in many parts of india and its neighbouring countries. dengue cases have not been reported from manipur, a northeastern state of india till 2007. but, the sudden outbreak of fever with febrile illness during 2007 and 2008, suspected to be dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever was investigated to detect the causative agent. potential impact of climatic variables on dengue transmission has been documented and hence the association between climatic factors, entomological ...	23168706
the new health threats of exotic and global travel.		23265199
mosquito biting activity on humans & detection of plasmodium falciparum infection in anopheles stephensi in goa, india.	knowledge of the bionomics of mosquitoes, especially of disease vectors, is essential to plan appropriate vector avoidance and control strategies. information on biting activity of vectors during the night hours in different seasons is important for choosing personal protection measures. this study was carried out to find out the composition of mosquito fauna biting on humans and seasonal biting trends in goa, india.	22382193
a cluster of dengue cases in american missionaries returning from haiti, 2010.	dengue is an acute febrile illness caused by four mosquito-borne dengue viruses (denv-1 to -4) that are endemic throughout the tropics. after returning from a 1-week missionary trip to haiti in october of 2010, 5 of 28 (18%) travelers were hospitalized for dengue-like illness. all travelers were invited to submit serum specimens and complete questionnaires on pre-travel preparations, mosquito avoidance practices, and activities during travel. denv infection was confirmed in seven (25%) travelers ...	22232444
the emergence of zika virus as a global health security threat: a review and a consensus statement of the indusem joint working group (jwg).	the zika virus (zikv), first discovered in 1947, has emerged as a global public health threat over the last decade, with the accelerated geographic spread of the virus noted during the last 5 years. the world health organization (who) predicts that millions of cases of zikv are likely to occur in the americas during the next 12 months. these projections, in conjunction with suspected zika-associated increase in newborn microcephaly cases, prompted who to declare public health emergency of intern ...	27013839
mass scale screening of common arboviral infections by an affordable, cost effective rt-pcr method.	to develop a rapid, cost effective rt-pcr method for the mass scale diagnosis of such diseases at the viremia stage to find out the actual disease burden in that area.	23569876
unsuspected dengue and acute febrile illness in rural and semi-urban southern sri lanka.	dengue virus (denv), a globally emerging cause of undifferentiated fever, has been documented in the heavily urbanized western coast of sri lanka since the 1960s. new areas of sri lanka are now being affected, and the reported number and severity of cases have increased. to study emerging denv in southern sri lanka, we obtained epidemiologic and clinical data and acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples from patients >2 years old with febrile illness. we tested paired serum samples for denv i ...	22304972
knowledge and use of personal protective measures against mosquito borne diseases in a resettlement colony of delhi.	mosquito borne diseases (mbds) are major public health problem in india. state of delhi is endemic for dengue and other mbds. the increasing incidence of mbds in delhi in recent years warrants a pro-active approach for their prevention. knowledge and use of personal protective measures (ppms) presents an effective strategy for prevention and control of mbds.	24761243
novel and viable acetylcholinesterase target site for developing effective and environmentally safe insecticides.	insect pests are responsible for human suffering and financial losses worldwide. new and environmentally safe insecticides are urgently needed to cope with these serious problems. resistance to current insecticides has resulted in a resurgence of insect pests, and growing concerns about insecticide toxicity to humans discourage the use of insecticides for pest control. the small market for insecticides has hampered insecticide development; however, advances in genomics and structural genomics of ...	22280344
dengue virus infection: current concepts in immune mechanisms and lessons from murine models.	dengue viruses (denv), a group of four serologically distinct but related flaviviruses, are responsible for one of the most important emerging viral diseases. this mosquito-borne disease has a great impact in tropical and subtropical areas of the world in terms of illness, mortality and economic costs, mainly due to the lack of approved vaccine or antiviral drugs. infections with one of the four serotypes of denv (denv-1-4) result in symptoms ranging from an acute, self-limiting febrile illness, ...	24182427
neurological manifestations of zika virus infection.	zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus (flaviviridae family) transmitted mainly by aedes mosquitoes. the virus was restricted to the african continent until its spread to south-east asia in the 1980's, the micronesia in 2007, the french polynesia in 2013 and, more recently in the americas in 2015, where, up to date, the world health organization (who) has estimated about 3-4 million total cases of zikv infection. during outbreaks in the french polynesia and brazil in 2013 and 2015, respectively, nati ...	27878100
zika virus: epidemiology, current phobia and preparedness for upcoming mass gatherings, with examples from world olympics and pilgrimage.	to describe zika virus (zikv) epidemiology, current phobia, and the required preparedness for its prevention during the upcoming mass gathering (mg) events.	27648063
dengue fever in travelers to the tropics, 1998 and 1999.	dengue fever (df) has become common in western travelers to the tropics. to improve the basis for travel advice, risk factors and dengue manifestations were assessed in 107 swedish patients for whom df was diagnosed after return from travel in 1998 and 1999. patient data were compared with data on a sample of all swedish travelers to dengue-endemic countries in the same years. only three of the patients had received pretravel advice concerning df from their physicians. hemorrhagic manifestations ...	12702223
classification of dengue illness based on readily available laboratory data.	the aim of this study was to examine retrospective dengue-illness classification using only clinical laboratory data, without relying on x-ray, ultrasound, or percent hemoconcentration. we analyzed data from a study of children who presented with acute febrile illness to two hospitals in thailand. multivariable logistic regression models were used to distinguish: (1) dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) versus dengue fever (df), (2) dhf versus df + other febrile illness (ofi), (3) dengue versus ofi, a ...	20889865
zika virus: a roar after years of whispering.		27168917
zika in america: the year in review.	short on funds and with no therapeutics or vaccines in sight, u.s. health officials are scrambling to prepare for a protracted fight with zika virus and the mosquitoes that carry it. in this article, the author focuses on the arrival of zika in the u.s.	27990081
attractive toxic sugar baits: control of mosquitoes with the low-risk active ingredient dinotefuran and potential impacts on nontarget organisms in morocco.	we evaluated the efficacy of attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb) in the laboratory and field with the low-risk active ingredient dinotefuran against mosquito populations. preliminary laboratory assays indicated that dinotefuran in solution with the sugar baits was ingested and resulted in high mortality of female culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti linnaeus. field studies demonstrated >70% reduction of mosquito populations at 3 wk post-atsb application. nontarget feeding of seven insect ...	24331613
delayed egg hatching of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) pending water agitation.	mosquito eggs laid on water surfaces typically hatch spontaneously soon after the embryos within them become fully formed first-instar larvae. however, we have found that anopheles gambiae giles, an important vector of malaria in africa, exhibits delayed hatching until the water surface is agitated, a feature overlooked in most laboratory colonies. agitation within 24 h postoviposition, before embryonation was complete, failed to stimulate delayed postembryonic hatching of isolated eggs on the f ...	24897850
use of the cdc autocidal gravid ovitrap to control and prevent outbreaks of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	populations ofaedes aegypti (l.) can be managed through reductions in adult mosquito survival, number of offspring produced, or both. direct adult mortality can be caused by the use of space sprays or residual insecticides to mosquito resting sites, and with a variety of residual insecticide-impregnated surfaces that are being tested, such as curtains, covers for water-storage vessels, bednets, and ovitraps. the fertility ofae. aegypti populations can be reduced by the use of autocidal ovipositi ...	24605464
an improved trap to capture adult container-inhabiting mosquitoes.	although dengue viruses are thought to be transmitted by aedes aegypti in puerto rico, aedes mediovittatus, the caribbean tree hole mosquito, is also a potential vector. this species is native to the greater antilles and has been shown to be a competent vector of dengue viruses in the laboratory. consequently, it has been suggested that ae. mediovittatus could be acting as a secondary vector or virus reservoir. this study was part of an ongoing investigation into this, and it aimed to determine ...	24551969
hunger-dependent and sex-specific antipredator behaviour of larvae of a size-dimorphic mosquito.	1. modification of behaviors in the presence of predators or predation cues is widespread among animals. costs of a behavioral change in the presence of predators or predation cues depend on fitness effects of lost feeding opportunities and, especially when organisms are sexually dimorphic in size or timing of maturation, these costs are expected to differ between the sexes. 2. larval aedes triseriatus (say) (diptera: culicidae) were used to test the hypothesis that behavioral responses of the s ...	25309025
vertebrate hosts of aedes aegypti and aedes mediovittatus (diptera: culicidae) in rural puerto rico.	the distribution of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.), the main vector of dengue viruses (denv) worldwide, overlaps with aedes (gymnometopa) mediovittatus (coquillett), the caribbean treehole mosquito, in urban, suburban, and rural areas. ae. mediovittatus is a competent vector of denv with high rates of vertical denv transmission in the laboratory. this study determined whether ae. mediovittatus feeds on humans and compared its feeding patterns with co-occurring ae. aegypti in two rural communitie ...	22897052
monitoring resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the field by performing bioassays with each cry toxin separately.	bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is increasingly used worldwide for mosquito control and is the only larvicide used in the french rhône-alpes region since decades. the artificial selection of mosquitoes with field-persistent bti collected in breeding sites from this region led to a moderate level of resistance to bti, but to relatively high levels of resistance to individual bti cry toxins. based on this observation, we developed a bioassay procedure using each bti cry toxin separ ...	24037105
population dynamics.	this chapter reviews aspects of population dynamics that may be conceptually important for biological control of mosquitoes. density dependent population regulation among immature stages has important implications for biological control of mosquito populations, primarily because it can lead to compensatory or overcompensatory mortality due to additions of a biological control agent. this can result in control efforts leading to no change in the target population, or actual increases in the targe ...	17853611
competitive displacement and reduction.		17853612
consequences of detritus type in an aquatic microsystem: effects on water quality, micro-organisms and performance of the dominant consumer.	1. variation in detritus quality and quantity can have significant effects on aquatic invertebrate food webs. allochthonous inputs of detritus are the principal energy source for organisms in aquatic tree hole microsystems. we compared the effects of two major detritus types found in tree holes, senescent leaves (sugar maple and white oak) and invertebrate carcasses (dead adult fruit flies and crickets), on several water quality characteristics of laboratory microcosms as well as on mass, surviv ...	17476312
precipitation and temperature effects on populations of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae): implications for range expansion.	we investigated how temperature and precipitation regime encountered over the life cycle of aedes albopictus (skuse) affects populations. caged populations of a. albopictus were maintained at 22, 26, and 30 degrees c. cages were equipped with containers that served as sites for oviposition and larval development. all cages were assigned to one of three simulated precipitation regimes: (1) low fluctuation regime - water within the containers was allowed to evaporate to 90% of its maximum before b ...	11580037
temperature effects on the dynamics of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) populations in the laboratory.	we investigated how constant temperatures of 22, 24, and 26 degrees c experienced across the full life cycle affected the dynamics of caged populations of aedes albopictus (skuse). all cages were equipped with plastic beakers that served as sites for oviposition and larval development. we measured the per capita daily mortality and emergence rates of the adults and size of adult females, and estimated the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and asymptotic density (k) for each caged population. popula ...	11476335
human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic.	dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species (dirofilaria immitis and d. repens) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. at the same time, both d. immitis and d. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus wolbachia, the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hos ...	22763636
stable isotope analysis reveals detrital resource base sources of the tree hole mosquito, aedes triseriatus.	1. detritus that forms the basis for mosquito production in tree hole ecosystems can vary in type and timing of input. we investigated the contributions of plant- and animal-derived detritus to the biomass of aedes triseriatus (say) pupae and adults by using stable isotope ((15)n and (13)c) techniques in lab experiments and field collections.2. lab-reared mosquito isotope values reflected their detrital resource base, providing a clear distinction between mosquitoes reared on plant or animal det ...	21132121
senescent leaf exudate increases mosquito survival and microbial activity.	we conducted experiments to evaluate the effects of soluble components in senescent leaf material on the growth and development of the eastern tree hole mosquito, aedes triseriatus (say). oak leaves that were either leached for three days to remove the labile nutrient fraction, or were not leached, served as basal nutrient inputs in each experiment.mosquito performance in microcosms containing leachate only was significantly worse compared with microcosms containing leaf material in combination ...	21113430
interpopulation divergence in competitive interactions of the mosquito aedes albopictus.	geographic variation in species interactions can have major effects on distributions. effects of such variation can be particularly evident for invasive species, in which variation in competitive ability can influence invasive success and impacts. we tested the hypothesis that coexistence or exclusion of the resident mosquito aedes aegypti results from variation among local populations of the invasive aedes albopictus in competitive interactions with a. aegypti. we also examined the role of vari ...	19769119
leaf species identity and combination affect performance and oviposition choice of two container mosquito species.	1. resource diversity can be an important determinant of individual and population performance in insects. fallen parts of plants form the nutritive base for many aquatic systems, including mosquito habitats, but the effect of plant diversity on mosquito production is poorly understood.2. to determine the effects of diverse plant inputs on larval mosquitoes, experiments were conducted that examined how leaves of vitis aestivalis, quercus virginiana, psychotria nervosa, and nephrolepis exalta aff ...	20161198
digital image analysis to estimate numbers of aedes eggs oviposited in containers.	monitoring reproductive rates in experiments involving aedine mosquitoes is tedious and time demanding. here, we demonstrate a protocol for rapid estimation of aedine mosquito egg number. the protocol uses imagej, a publicly available image analysis program developed at the u.s. national institutes of health. the method relies upon the oviposition behavior of aedes (i.e., ovipositing on a moist substrate instead of water surface) and upon the contrast between dark-colored aedine eggs and a light ...	19181055
sex ratios of mosquitoes from long-term censuses of florida tree holes.	pupal sexes of the most common mosquito species were determined in the course of biweekly censuses (with replacement) of the contents of 3-7 tree holes from 1980-2003 in vero beach, fl. a significant (p < 0.001) male bias was detected over this period for the most abundant species, aedes triseriatus. no significant deviation from a 1:1 sex ratio was detected among pupae of toxorhynchites rutilus or ae. albopictus, the latter species occurring in this community only since 1991. although pupae of ...	18437808
characterisation of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) larval habitats at ground level and temporal fluctuations of larval abundance in córdoba, argentina.	the aims of this study were to characterise the ground-level larval habitats of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus, to determine the relationships between habitat characteristics and larval abundance and to examine seasonal larval-stage variations in córdoba city. every two weeks for two years, 15 larval habitats (natural and artificial water bodies, including shallow wells, drains, retention ponds, canals and ditches) were visited and sampled for larval mosquitoes. data regarding the water dep ...	24037200
tackling the malaria problem in the south-east asia region: need for a change in policy?	malaria is largely neglected in the south-east asia region (sear), although it has the highest number of people susceptible to the disease. malaria in the sear exhibits special epidemiological characteristics such as "forest malaria" and malaria due to migration across international borders. the greater mekong subregion (gms) has been a focal-point for the emergence of drug resistant malaria. with the recent emergence of artemisinin resistance, coupled with the limited availability of insecticid ...	23481050
effects of intraspecific larval competition on adult longevity in the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.	larval competition is common in container-breeding mosquitoes. the impact of competition on larval growth has been thoroughly examined and findings that larval competition can lead to density-dependent effects on adult body size have been documented. the effects of larval competition on adult longevity have been less well explored. the effects of intraspecific larval densities on the longevity of adults maintained under relatively harsh environmental conditions were tested in the laboratory by m ...	19239615
species interactions among larval mosquitoes: context dependence across habitat gradients.	biotic interactions involving mosquito larvae are context dependent, with effects of interactions on populations altered by ecological conditions. relative impacts of competition and predation change across a gradient of habitat size and permanence. asymmetrical competition is common and ecological context changes competitive advantage, potentially facilitating landscape-level coexistence of competitors. predator effects on mosquito populations sometimes depend on habitat structure and on emerge ...	19067629
escape from gregarine parasites affects the competitive interactions of an invasive mosquito.	when a species is introduced into a new location, it may escape, at least temporarily, from its natural enemies. in field surveys, we found that when the exotic, invasive mosquito, aedes albopictus, invades new sites, it initially experiences reduced infection by its gut parasite, ascogregarina taiwanensis. to determine the effect of this escape from parasitism on the competitive ability of a. albopictus, we performed a laboratory competition experiment in which infected and uninfected a. albopi ...	19777120
desiccation and thermal tolerance of eggs and the coexistence of competing mosquitoes.	we tested the hypothesis that differences in temperature and desiccation tolerances of eggs of the container-dwelling mosquitoes aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti influence whether invading a. albopictus coexist with or exclude a. aegypti in florida. in the laboratory, egg mortality through 30 days for a. albopictus was strongly temperature and humidity dependent, with low humidity and high temperature producing greatest mortality. in contrast, mortality through 30 days and through 60 days for ...	20871747
effects of habitat type and drying on ascogregarina barretti (eugregarinida: lecudinidae) infection in aedes triseritatus (diptera: culicidae).	the intensity and prevalence of parasitism by ascogregarina barretti (vavra) in aedes triseriatus (say) did not differ between tires and tree holes in field samples taken in september 1996. there was significant variation in the intensity of parasitism among containers that was not significantly correlated with the ph, conductivity, or temperature of the container water. in an experiment manipulating habitat drying, treatments had a significant effect on a. barretti infection of ae. triseriatus, ...	11126556
contributions of temporal segregation, oviposition choice, and non-additive effects of competitors to invasion success of aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in north america.	the mosquito aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) has spread rapidly through north america since its introduction in the 1990s. the mechanisms underlying its establishment in container communities occupied by competitors aedes triseriatus and aedes albopictus are unclear. possibilities include (a) temporal separation of a. japonicus from other aedes, (b) oviposition avoidance by a. japonicus of sites containing heterospecific aedes larvae, and (c) non-additive competitive effects in assemblages ...	26101466
zika is not a reason for missing the olympic games in rio de janeiro: response to the open letter of dr attaran and colleagues to dr margaret chan, director - general, who, on the zika threat to the olympic and paralympic games.	attaran and colleagues in an open letter to who expressed their concern about the upcoming olympic and paralympic games in rio de janeiro and the threat posed by the zika epidemic (attaran 2016). we agree that zika virus is of great public health concern and much remains to be known about this disease. care should be taken to reduce the risk of infection, especially to pregnant women. however, we argue that this is not sufficient reason for changing the original plans for the games, in particula ...	27304097
bloodfeeding patterns of sylvatic arbovirus vectors in southeastern senegal.	dengue (denv), yellow fever (yfv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses circulate in sylvatic, enzootic transmission cycles in southeastern senegal, but understanding of the vector-host interactions involved is limited.	23423342
brazil's scientists scramble to solve the zika puzzle.	the world health organization has declared the recent leap in the number of microcephaly cases and their suspected association with zika virus a public health emergency of international concern. ana bispo tells andréia azevedo soares why brazil should have some scientific answers in coming months.	26966326
bioethical considerations at times of zika virus.		27462882
autochthonous chikungunya fever in traveler returning to japan from cuba.		27533717
the epidemiology and transmissibility of zika virus in girardot and san andres island, colombia, september 2015 to january 2016.	transmission of zika virus (zikv) was first detected in colombia in september 2015. as of april 2016, colombia had reported over 65,000 cases of zika virus disease (zvd). we analysed daily surveillance data of zvd cases reported to the health authorities of san andres and girardot, colombia, between september 2015 and january 2016. zvd was laboratory-confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the serum of acute cases within five days of symptom onset. we use daily i ...	27452806
highly diversified zika viruses imported to china, 2016.		27209301
public health round-up.		27516631
microcephaly in north-east brazil: a retrospective study on neonates born between 2012 and 2015.	to assess the number of children born with microcephaly in the state of paraíba, north-east brazil.	27821886
larvicidal efficacies of plants from midwestern brazil: melianodiol from guarea kunthiana as a potential biopesticide against aedes aegypti.	a total of 36 ethanol extracts from different anatomical parts of 27 plant species (18 families), native to the pantanal and cerrado biomes in midwest brazil, was assessed for their effect against aedes aegypti larvae, the vector of dengue, hemorrhagic dengue, zika and chikungunya fevers. only the extract obtained from seeds of guarea kunthiana (meliaceae) proved active (lc50 = 169.93 μg/ml). a bioassay-guided investigation of this extract led to the isolation and identification of melianodiol, ...	27333366
zika - global concern.		27610070
editorial brain malformation surveillance in the zika era.	the current surveillance systems for congenital microcephaly are necessary to monitor the impact of zika virus (zikv) on the developing human brain, as well as the zikv prevention efforts. however, these congenital microcephaly surveillance systems are insufficient. abnormalities of neuronal differentiation, development and migration may occur among infants with normal head circumference who have intrauterine exposure to zikv. therefore, surveillance for congenital microcephaly does not ascertai ...	27891785
mucocutaneous manifestations of chikungunya fever: a study from an epidemic in coastal karnataka.	chikungunya fever (cf) epidemic has recently re-emerged in india affecting large population. mucocutaneous manifestations are an important clinical feature of the disease. we have reviewed mucocutaneous manifestations of the disease during a recent epidemic in coastal karnataka.	21772590
bed bugs: clinical relevance and control options.	since the late 1990s, bed bugs of the species cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus have undergone a worldwide resurgence. these bed bugs are blood-sucking insects that readily bite humans. cutaneous reactions may occur and can start out as small macular lesions that can develop into distinctive wheals of around 5 cm in diameter, which are accompanied by intense itching. occasionally, bullous eruptions may result. if bed bugs are numerous, the patient can present with widespread urticaria or ey ...	22232375
distinguishing between zika and spondweni viruses.		27843157
detection of autochthonous zika virus transmission in sincelejo, colombia.		27089253
emerging infectious disease and fast-track publication: when public health gets priority over the formality of scholarly publishing.		27223865
projecting month of birth for at-risk infants after zika virus disease outbreaks.	the marked increase in infants born with microcephaly in brazil after a 2015 outbreak of zika virus (zika virus) disease suggests an association between maternal zika virus infection and congenital microcephaly. to project the timing of delivery of infants born to mothers infected during early pregnancy in 1 city in bahia state, brazil, we incorporated data on reported zika virus disease cases and microcephaly cases into a graphical schematic of weekly birth cohorts. we projected that these birt ...	27088494
threat from emerging vectorborne viruses.		27551712
asian genotype zika virus detected in traveler returning to mexico from colombia, october 2015.		27088574
tropical islands as new hubs for emerging arboviruses.		27088243
epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of chikungunya in hyderabad and nalgonda districts of andhra pradesh, india.	after about three decades, chikungunya infection has re-emerged in india and the first cases were reported in december, 2005. the outbreak has currently affected about 8 states in the country. although known to be commonly non fatal, since the present outbreak involved a large population, it has been raised as an issue of public health concern and also attracted wide media attention. the clinico-epidemiological and entomological review of the chikungunya outbreak situation in hyderabad and nalgo ...	21475442
movement of chikungunya virus into the western hemisphere.		25061832
preparedness for threat of chikungunya in the pacific.	chikungunya virus (chikv) caused significant outbreaks of illness during 2005-2007 in the indian ocean region. chikungunya outbreaks have also occurred in the pacific region, including in papua new guinea in 2012; new caledonia in april 2013; and yap state, federated states of micronesia, in august 2013. chikv is a threat in the pacific, and the risk for further spread is high, given several similarities between the pacific and indian ocean chikungunya outbreaks. island health care systems have ...	25062306
chikungunya virus in the americas--what a vectorborne pathogen can do.		25184860
the chikungunya virus: an emerging us pathogen.	the chikungunya (chik) virus was recently reported by the cdc to have spread to the united states. we report an early documented case of chik from the state of pennsylvania after a patient recently returned from haiti in june of 2014.	27006742
cutaneous manifestations in patients suspected of chikungunya disease.	an epidemic of chikungunya disease occurred in india during late 2005 through 2006 affecting nearly 1,400,000 people.	20101307
molecular characterization of chikungunya virus, philippines, 2011-2013.	during 2011-2013, a nationwide outbreak of chikungunya virus infection occurred in the philippines. the asian genotype was identified as the predominant genotype; sporadic cases of the east/central/south african genotype were detected in mindanao. further monitoring is needed to define the transmission pattern of this virus in the philippines.	27088593
perinatal chikungunya in twins.	we report a case of vertically transmitted chikungunya infection in heterozygous twin neonates presenting as seizures, encephalopathy, midfacial hyperpigmentation, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. this could be considered as a rare cause of neonatal seizure and identification would help in appropriate management.	27857791
chikungunya fever among patients with acute febrile illness attending a tertiary care hospital in mumbai.	chikungunya fever (chik) is an arboviral disease. dengue fever (deng) and chik are indistinguishable clinically and need to be differentiated by laboratory investigations.	27365916
waiting for chikungunya fever in argentina: spatio-temporal risk maps.	chikungunya virus (chikv) transmission has been detected in america in 2013 and recently reached south up to bolivia, brazil and paraguay, bordering countries of argentina. the presence of the mosquito aedes aegypti in half of the country together with the regional context drove us to make a rapid assessment of transmission risk. temperature thresholds for vector breeding and for virus transmission, together with adult activity from the literature, were mapped on a monthly basis to estimate risk ...	25946252