Publications

chikungunya and dengue fever among hospitalized febrile patients in northern tanzania.	consecutive febrile admissions were enrolled at two hospitals in moshi, tanzania. confirmed acute chikungunya virus (chikv), dengue virus (denv), and flavivirus infection were defined as a positive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) result. presumptive acute denv infection was defined as a positive anti-denv immunoglobulin m (igm) enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (elisa) result, and prior flavivirus exposure was defined as a positive anti-denv igg elisa result. among 870 participants, pcr testing w ...	22232469
atypical dengue meningitis in makkah, saudi arabia with slow resolving, prominent migraine like headache, phobia, and arrhythmia.	although dengue meningitis is a rare presentation of dengue infection, our aim is to focus on atypical presentation of dengue meningitis that may appear in dengue endemic area like the makkah region. we report two cases of clinical meningitis with positive dengue virus (denv) igm in cerebrospinal fluid, followed for minimal 3 months for their prominent attacks of migraine like headache, phobia, and arrhythmia. with special consideration to attack time, type, severity, and respond to classical th ...	24672183
transition in the cause of fever from malaria to dengue, northwestern ecuador, 1990-2011.	in tropical areas, the predominant cause of fever has historically been malaria. however by 2011, among febrile patients in northwestern ecuador, dengue was identified in 42% and malaria in none. this finding suggests a transition in the cause of fever from malaria to other illnesses, such as dengue.	24047566
global consensus sequence development and analysis of dengue ns3 conserved domains.	the dengue virus (denv) genome encodes 10 different genes including the ns3 gene, which has a protease and helicase domain used in virus replication. this domain is a potential target for antiviral agents against dengue. due to a high mutation rate, denv is classified into four major serotypes (denv1-denv4). this study was designed to perform conservancy analysis of all four serotypes by drawing a consensus sequence for each serotype and then drawing a global consensus sequence to study conserve ...	24083095
vertical transmission of key west dengue-1 virus by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from florida.	following the 2009 and 2010 dengue-1 (denv-1) outbreaks in key west, fl, we used florida aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes and denv-1 isolated from key west in 2010 to test the hypothesis that if the 2009 and 2010 denv-1 genome sequences are similar, then vertical transmission of denv-1 from infected ae. aegypti female mosquitoes to their eggs could have served as an interepidemic reservoir between outbreaks. we also investigated the ability of florida aedes albopictus (skuse) mosquitoes to vertical ...	24843934
dengue: a growing menace -- a snapshot of recent facts, figures & remedies.	dengue is specially owing to inadequate water supply and poor solid waste management , which are favorable for multiplication of the main vectors including the aedes ageypti coupled with lack of proven anti viral therapy and no proven efficient vaccine .there are many cases of both dengue shock syndrome and dengue haemmorhagic fever making it a major public health burden sending ominous signal resulting both rising morbidity & mortality, deleterious effect on daly [disability adjusted life year] ...	23847455
dual role of commensal bacteria in viral infections.	with our abilities to culture and sequence the commensal bacteria that dwell on and within a host, we can now study the host in its entirety, as a supraorganism that must be navigated by the pathogen invader. at present, the majority of studies have focused on the interaction between the host's microbiota and bacterial pathogens. this is not unwarranted, given that bacterial pathogens must compete with commensal organisms for the limited territory afforded by the host. however, viral pathogens a ...	23947358
cell phone-based system (chaak) for surveillance of immatures of dengue virus mosquito vectors.	capture of surveillance data on mobile devices and rapid transfer of such data from these devices into an electronic database or data management and decision support systems promote timely data analyses and public health response during disease outbreaks. mobile data capture is used increasingly for malaria surveillance and holds great promise for surveillance of other neglected tropical diseases. we focused on mosquito-borne dengue, with the primary aims of: 1) developing and field-testing a ce ...	23926788
commentary.		24250192
mucocutaneous manifestations of dengue fever.	dengue viral infection is a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality and may be associated with a variety of mucocutaneous manifestations that may provide important early clues to the diagnosis of this condition. cutaneous and mucosal findings like confluent erythema, morbilliform eruptions, and hemorrhagic lesions may figure prominently in the clinical features of dengue. the differential diagnoses include a large number of bacterial and viral exanthems as well as drug rash.	20418984
primary dengue virus infections induce differential cytokine production in mexican patients.	severe dengue pathogenesis is not fully understood, but high levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been associated with dengue disease severity. in this study, the cytokine levels in 171 sera from mexican patients with primary dengue fever (df) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) from dengue virus (denv) 1 (n = 116) or 2 (n = 55) were compared. df and dhf were defined according to the patient's clinical condition, the primary infections as indicated by igg enzymatic immunoassay negative resul ...	27008374
correlation study between platelet count, leukocyte count, nonhemorrhagic complications, and duration of hospital stay in dengue fever with thrombocytopenia.	dengue is one of the common diseases presenting as fever with thrombocytopenia, also causing significant morbidity and complications.	27453855
dengue virus: a global human threat: review of literature.	dengue is an acute viral illness caused by rna virus of the family flaviviridae and spread by aedes mosquitoes. presenting features may range from asymptomatic fever to dreaded complications such as hemorrhagic fever and shock. a cute-onset high fever, muscle and joint pain, myalgia, cutaneous rash, hemorrhagic episodes, and circulatory shock are the commonly seen symptoms. oral manifestations are rare in dengue infection; however, some cases may have oral features as the only presenting manifes ...	27011925
can radiology play a role in early diagnosis of dengue fever?	dengue fever (df) is a viral hemorrhagic fever causing severe morbidity and mortality in affected patients.	27042608
the brazilian zika virus strain causes birth defects in experimental models.	zika virus (zikv) is an arbovirus belonging to the genus flavivirus (family flaviviridae) and was first described in 1947 in uganda following blood analyses of sentinel rhesus monkeys. until the twentieth century, the african and asian lineages of the virus did not cause meaningful infections in humans. however, in 2007, vectored by aedes aegypti mosquitoes, zikv caused the first noteworthy epidemic on the yap island in micronesia. patients experienced fever, skin rash, arthralgia and conjunctiv ...	27279226
reemergence of dengue in southern texas, 2013.	during a dengue epidemic in northern mexico, enhanced surveillance identified 53 laboratory-positive cases in southern texas; 26 (49%) patients acquired the infection locally, and 29 (55%) were hospitalized. of 83 patient specimens that were initially igm negative according to elisa performed at a commercial laboratory, 14 (17%) were dengue virus positive by real-time reverse transcription pcr performed at the centers for disease control and prevention. dengue virus types 1 and 3 were identified ...	27191223
reconstructing historical changes in the force of infection of dengue fever in singapore: implications for surveillance and control.	to reconstruct the historical changes in force of dengue infection in singapore, and to better understand the relationship between control of aedes mosquitoes and incidence of classic dengue fever.	18368205
minimal within-host dengue models highlight the specific roles of the immune response in primary and secondary dengue infections.	in recent years, the within-host viral dynamics of dengue infections have been increasingly characterized, and the relationship between aspects of these dynamics and the manifestation of severe disease has been increasingly probed. despite this progress, there are few mathematical models of within-host dengue dynamics, and the ones that exist focus primarily on the general role of immune cells in the clearance of infected cells, while neglecting other components of the immune response in limitin ...	25519990
el niño southern oscillation and vegetation dynamics as predictors of dengue fever cases in costa rica.	dengue fever (df) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) are growing health concerns throughout latin america and the caribbean. this study focuses on costa rica, which experienced over 100 000 cases of df/dhf from 2003 to 2007. we utilized data on sea-surface temperature anomalies related to the el niño southern oscillation (enso) and two vegetation indices derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (modis) from the terra satellite to model the influence of climate and vegetation dyn ...	19763186
analogs of ldl receptor ligand motifs in dengue envelope and capsid proteins as potential codes for cell entry.	it is established that cell entry of low density lipoprotein particles (llps) containing apo b100 and apo e is mediated by receptors and gags. receptor ligand motifs, xbbbxxbx, xbbxbx, and ψbψxb, and mono- and bipartite nls sequences are abundant in apo e and apo b100 as well as in envelope and capsid proteins of dengue viruses 1-4 (denv1-4). synthetic, fluorescence-labeled peptides of sequences in denv2 envelope protein, and denv3 capsid that include these motifs were used to conduct a qualitat ...	27123468
dengue and its effects on liver.	dengue has emerged as an important arboviral disease with significant impact on the disease burden in population residing in tropical countries. dengue is spread by the bite of aedes mosquito. the virus seems to have some hepatotoxic effects. affliction of liver in form of derangements in the liver function tests is common and may include mild elevations in serum bilirubin, elevated transaminases and derangements in serum albumin. although asymptomatic in most cases, clinical manifestations like ...	25685758
dengue virus specific dual hla binding t cell epitopes induce cd8+ t cell responses in seropositive individuals.	dengue virus infects an estimated 300 million people each year and even more are at risk of becoming infected as the virus continues to spread into new areas. despite the increase in viral prevalence, no anti-viral medications or vaccines are approved for treating or preventing infection. cd8+ t cell responses play a major role in viral clearance. therefore, effective vaccines that induce a broad, multi-functional t cell response with substantial cross-reactivity between all virus serotypes can ...	25668665
dengue fever presenting as acute pancreatitis.	a 56-year-old non-alcoholic male was admitted with complaints of severe abdominal pain and was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis after blood investigations and a computed tomography scan of the abdomen. he developed a high-grade fever on the third day of admission, and serology tested positive for dengue. treatment for dengue was instituted, leading to a good response and complete resolution of pancreatitis. the patient has been doing well and has had no recurrence of pancreatitis at the end of ...	25610147
study of seroprevalence of dengue fever in central india.		21278875
dengue shock.	shock syndrome is a dangerous complication of dengue infection and is associated with high mortality. severe dengue occurs as a result of secondary infection with a different virus serotype. increased vascular permeability, together with myocardial dysfunction and dehydration, contribute to the development of shock, with resultant multiorgan failure. the onset of shock in dengue can be dramatic, and its progression relentless. the pathogenesis of shock in dengue is complex. it is known that endo ...	21633580
rnai: antiviral therapy against dengue virus.	dengue virus infection has become a global threat affecting around 100 countries in the world. currently, there is no licensed antiviral agent available against dengue. thus, there is a strong need to develop therapeutic strategies that can tackle this life threatening disease. rna interference is an important and effective gene silencing process which degrades targeted rna by a sequence specific process. several studies have been conducted during the last decade to evaluate the efficiency of si ...	23620845
autochthonous dengue fever, tokyo, japan, 2014.	after 70 years with no confirmed autochthonous cases of dengue fever in japan, 19 cases were reported during august-september 2014. dengue virus serotype 1 was detected in 18 patients. phylogenetic analysis of the envelope protein genome sequence from 3 patients revealed 100% identity with the strain from the first patient (2014) in japan.	25695200
emergence of dengue in tribal villages of mandla district, madhya pradesh, india.	dengue (den) is a rapidly spreading arboviral disease transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. although it is endemic in india, dengue virus (denv) infection has not been reported from tribal areas of madhya pradesh. investigations were conducted to establish the aetiology of sudden upsurge of cases with febrile illness in june 2013 from tribal villages of mandla district of madhya pradesh, india.	26139775
dengue fever outbreak in delhi, north india: a clinico-epidemiological study.	dengue viruses, single-stranded positive polarity ribonucleic acid (rna) viruses of the family flaviviridae, are the most common cause of arboviral disease in the world. we report a clinico-epidemiological study of the dengue fever outbreak of 2010 from a tertiary care hospital in delhi, north india.	25861176
dengue hemorrhagic fever in trinidad and tobago: a case for a conservative approach to platelet transfusion.	dengue fever is endemic to trinidad and tobago. a retrospective analysis of all adult admissions at a tertiary hospital in trinidad treated for dengue during january 1-december 31, 2008 was performed. a total of 186 patients were treated during this period: 98.9% (184) of the patients were thrombocytopenic; 45.2% were severely thrombocytopenic; 13 patients showed development of minor hemorrhage and only one case of major hemorrhage; platelet transfusion was given for 7% (13) of the cases; and 6 ...	22403331
seroprevalence and trend of dengue cases admitted to a government hospital, delhi - 5-year study (2006-2010): a look into the age shift.	diagnosis of dengue infection is easily and best accomplished by demonstration of specific igm antibodies in blood. we analyzed retrospectively the dengue igm seropositivity available for samples obtained over a period of 5 years (2006-2010) from patients with suspected dengue fever (df)-like illness to investigate whether there was an overall increase in the dengue igm prevalence over this period.	22973483
molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of dengue viruses imported into taiwan during 2008-2010.	we present our surveillance results on imported dengue cases in taiwan during 2008-2010. a total of 734 imported dengue patients were identified. the travelers were arriving from 18 countries, including southeast asia, the indian subcontinent, south pacific islands, and latin america. gene sequences from 358 dengue virus (denv) isolates were used to perform phylogenetic analyses, thus, providing an updated view of the geographic distribution and dynamic transmission of denv strains circulating i ...	22855770
dengue hemorrhagic fever at 60 years: early evolution of concepts of causation and treatment.	during the decade of the 1960s, the epidemiology of a new dengue disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (dhf/dss), was described by collaborative research performed by thai scientists from many institutions and by workers at the u.s. army's seato medical research laboratory in bangkok, thailand. careful clinical and physiological studies provided the initial description of dss. dss cases were caused by each of the four dengue viruses (denv) and not chikungunya (chik) virus o ...	26085471
clinical and laboratory profile of dengue in the elderly.	dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world with a 30-fold increase in incidence in the last 50 years. approximately, 50 million dengue infections occur annually.	26288776
impact of insect salivary proteins in blood feeding, host immunity, disease, and in the development of biomarkers for vector exposure.	functional genomic approaches based on expression of recombinant proteins linked to biochemical and disease model approaches resulted in the discovery of novel biological activities and the role some of these proteins play in disease transmission. importantly, the expression of salivary proteins was recently shown to be affected by environmental factors and by the presence of the pathogen in the salivary gland. a practical application resulting from insect saliva research is the use of insect an ...	26339571
molecular insight into dengue virus pathogenesis and its implications for disease control.	dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-transmitted rna virus that infects an estimated 390 million humans each year. here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the biology of denv and describe knowledge gaps that have impacted the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics.	26232221
dispersal of male aedes aegypti in a coastal village in southern mexico.	most aedes aegypti dispersal studies have focused on females because of their central role in dengue virus transmission. only a few mark-release-recapture (mrr) studies provided insights into male ae. aegypti dispersal. to fill this knowledge gap, we conducted five male ae. aegypti mrr experiments in a coastal village in southern mexico. small and large male cohorts were marked with fluorescent dusts, released outside buildings, and recaptures were carried out by using backpack aspirators. recap ...	22492152
dengue outbreak in hadramout, yemen, 2010: an epidemiological perspective.	we analyzed surveillance data of a dengue outbreak (2010) reported to the hadramout health office (yemen) and retrospectively analyzed dengue-related epidemiological and entomological events reported in hadramout from 2005 to 2009. a total of 630 immunoglobulin m (igm) -confirmed dengue cases of 982 febrile cases was reported during the period from february to june of 2010; 12 cases died, giving case fatality a rate of 1.9%. among febrile cases, the highest proportion of dengue cases (37.3%) was ...	22665621
dengue in india.	dengue virus belongs to family flaviviridae, having four serotypes that spread by the bite of infected aedes mosquitoes. it causes a wide spectrum of illness from mild asymptomatic illness to severe fatal dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (dhf/dss). approximately 2.5 billion people live in dengue-risk regions with about 100 million new cases each year worldwide. the cumulative dengue diseases burden has attained an unprecedented proportion in recent times with sharp increase in the ...	23041731
dengue outbreaks in high-income area, kaohsiung city, taiwan, 2003-2009.	kaohsiung city, a modern metropolis of 1.5 million persons, has been the focus of dengue virus activity in taiwan for several decades. the aim of this study was to provide a temporal and spatial description of dengue virus epidemiology in kaohsiung city by using data for all laboratory-confirmed dengue cases during 2003-2009. we investigated age- and sex-dependent incidence rates and the spatiotemporal patterns of all cases confirmed through passive or active surveillance. elderly persons were a ...	23017369
observation on dengue cases from a virus diagnostic laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in north india.	the epidemiology of dengue fever (df) is complex in the indian subcontinent as all the four serotypes are circulating. this study reports observations on dengue cases from a virus diagnostic laboratory of a north indian tertiary care hospital catering to areas in and around lucknow, uttar pradesh.	26905245
dengue: an escalating problem.		12089096
evasion of the human innate immune system by dengue virus.	dengue virus is a worldwide health problem, with billions of people at risk annually. dengue virus causes a spectrum of diseases, namely dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome with the latter two being linked to death. understanding how dengue is able to evade the immune system and cause enhanced severity of disease is the main topics of interest in the fernandez-sesma laboratory at mount sinai school of medicine. using primary human immune cells, our group investigates ...	22569913
oral presentation in dengue hemorrhagic fever: a rare entity.	one of the major health hazards which is prevalent and dangerous is the dengue fever which causes the death of many people. this may be associated with a variety of mucocutaneous manifestations which may be of help in early diagnosis. many biochemical assays and hematological investigations may aid in the further diagnosis and treatment of the fatal disease. oral lesions are rare to occur and if present, are often mistaken for platelet abnormality. this case report highlights the importance of o ...	23633881
toxicological effects of sphaeranthus indicus linn. (asteraceae) leaf essential oil against human disease vectors, culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti linn., and impacts on a beneficial mosquito predator.	use of environmentally friendly, decomposable natural products for effective vector control has gained considerable momentum in modern society. in this study, essential oil of sphaeranthus indicus (si-eo) was extracted and further phytochemical screening revealed fourteen compounds with prominent peak area percentage of 24.9 and 22.54% in 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and benzene,2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,4-dimethoxy, respectively. the si-eo was further evaluated for their larvicidal res ...	28455566
interlocked feedforward loops control cell-type-specific rhodopsin expression in the drosophila eye.	how complex networks of activators and repressors lead to exquisitely specific cell-type determination during development is poorly understood. in the drosophila eye, expression patterns of rhodopsins define at least eight functionally distinct though related subtypes of photoreceptors. here, we describe a role for the transcription factor gene defective proventriculus (dve) as a critical node in the network regulating rhodopsin expression. dve is a shared component of two opposing, interlocked ...	21663797
food availability alters the effects of larval temperature on aedes aegypti growth.	variation in temperature and food availability in larval habitats can influence the abundance, body size, and vector competence of the mosquito aedes aegypti. although increased temperature has energetic costs for growing larvae, how food resources influence the developmental response of this mosquito species to thermal conditions is unknown. we explored how rearing temperature and food affect allometric scaling between wing size and epidermal cell size in ae. aegypti. mosquitoes were reared at ...	21936315
tagetes erecta linn. and its mosquitocidal potency against culex quinquefasciatus.	to investigate mosquitocidal effects of ethanolic extract of flowers of tagetes erecta (t. erecta) and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against the larvae of culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus).	23569756
the harmonic convergence of fathers predicts the mating success of sons in aedes aegypti.	during courtship males often communicate information about their fitness to females. the matching of harmonic components of flight tone in male-female pairs of flying mosquitoes, or harmonic convergence, was recently described. this behaviour occurs prior to mating and has been suggested to function in mate selection. we investigated the hypothesis that harmonic convergence is a component of mosquito courtship. a key prediction of this hypothesis is that harmonic convergence should provide infor ...	22003255
south-to-north, cross-disciplinary training in global health practice: ten years of lessons learned from an infectious disease field course in jamaica.	global commerce, travel, and emerging and resurging infectious diseases have increased awareness of global health threats and opportunities for collaborative and service learning. we review course materials, knowledge archives, data management archives, and student evaluations for the first 10 years of an intensive summer field course in infectious disease epidemiology and surveillance offered in jamaica. we have trained 300 students from 28 countries through collaboration between the university ...	21896794
behavioral observations and sound recordings of free-flight mating swarms of ae. aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in thailand.	sound plays an important role in the mating behavior of mosquitoes, including aedes aegypti (l). males orient to the fundamental wing beat frequency of females, and both sexes actively modulate their flight tone before mating to converge at harmonic frequencies. the majority of studies on mosquito mating acoustics have been conducted in the laboratory using tethered individuals. in this study, we present the first free-flight recording of naturally forming ae. aegypti swarms in thailand. we desc ...	21845959
newer approaches to malaria control.	malaria is the third leading cause of death due to infectious diseases affecting around 243 million people, causing 863,000 deaths each year, and is a major public health problem. most of the malarial deaths occur in children below 5 years and is a major contributor of under-five mortality. as a result of environmental and climatic changes, there is a change in vector population and distribution, leading to resurgence of malaria at numerous foci. resistance to antimalarials is a major challenge ...	23508211
distributions of competing container mosquitoes depend on detritus types, nutrient ratios, and food availability.	coexistence of competitors may result if resources are sufficiently abundant to render competition unimportant, or if species differ in resource requirements. detritus type has been shown to affect interspecific competitive outcomes between aedes albopictus (skuse) and aedes aegypti (l.) larvae under controlled conditions. we assessed the relationships among spatial distributions of detritus types, nutrients, and aquatic larvae of these species in nature. we collected mosquitoes, water, and detr ...	22707761
the world of pulmonary vascular disease.		22140619
direct targets of the d. melanogaster dsxf protein and the evolution of sexual development.	uncovering the direct regulatory targets of doublesex (dsx) and fruitless (fru) is crucial for an understanding of how they regulate sexual development, morphogenesis, differentiation and adult functions (including behavior) in drosophila melanogaster. using a modified damid approach, we identified 650 dsx-binding regions in the genome from which we then extracted an optimal palindromic 13 bp dsx-binding sequence. this sequence is functional in vivo, and the base identity at each position is imp ...	21652649
roles of pkc and phospho-adducin in transepithelial fluid secretion by malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito.	the diuretic hormone aedeskinin-iii is known to increase the paracellular cl(-) conductance in malpighian (renal) tubules of the mosquito aedes aegypti via a g protein-coupled receptor. the increase serves the blood-meal-initiated diuresis and is associated with elevated levels of ca(2+) and phosphorylated adducin in the cytosol of tubule. in the present study we have cloned adducin in aedes malpighian tubules and investigated its physiological roles. immunolabeling experiments are consistent wi ...	24062972
development associated profiling of chitinase and microrna of helicoverpa armigera identified chitinase repressive microrna.	expression of chitinase is developmentally regulated in insects in consonance with their molting process. during the larval-larval metamorphosis in helicoverpa armigera, chitinase gene expression varies from high to negligible. in the five-day metamorphic course of fifth-instar larvae, chitinase transcript is least abundant on third day and maximal on fifth day. microrna library prepared from these highest and lowest chitinase-expressing larval stages resulted in isolation of several mirnas. in ...	23887392
papaya, dengue fever and ayurveda.		24501439
seroprevalence of chikungunya in southern odisha.	the emergence of chikungunya (chik) infection was observed in odisha, india in 2006. thereafter many cases with symptoms suggestive of chik were reported from different districts of southern-odisha. this study was aimed to know the seroprevalence, clinical presentations and seasonal trends of chik infection in this region.	24479040
effects of the botanical insecticide, toosendanin, on blood digestion and egg production by female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae): topical application and ingestion.	botanical insecticides offer novel chemistries and actions that may provide effective mosquito control. toosendanin (tsn, 95% purity) is one such insecticide used to control crop pests in china, and in this study, it was evaluated for lethal and sublethal effects on larvae and females of the yellowfever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.). tsn was very toxic to first instar larvae after a 24 h exposure (lc50 = 60.8 microg/ml) and to adult females up to 96 h after topical treatment (ld50 = 4.3 microg/fe ...	23427659
promoting health and advancing development through improved housing in low-income settings.	there is major untapped potential to improve health in low-income communities through improved housing design, fittings, materials and construction. adverse effects on health from inadequate housing can occur through a range of mechanisms, both direct and indirect, including as a result of extreme weather, household air pollution, injuries or burns, the ingress of disease vectors and lack of clean water and sanitation. collaborative action between public health professionals and those involved i ...	23271143
dengue infection: an emerging cause of neuromuscular weakness.		22346179
hemoperitoneum in dengue fever with normal coagulation profile.	a 43-year-old male living in bengaluru sought emergency services due to high-grade fever, headache, myalgia, abdominal pain and distension. platelet count (except the first-96,000/mm(3)) and coagulation profile was in normal limits. the dengue serology was positive for igm and ig g (immunoglobulin m and g) antibodies. ultrasound abdomen showed gross ascites, mild bilateral pleural effusion and hepatosplenomegaly. the patient continued to have abdominal pain and progressive distention ascitic tap ...	23599615
the phospholipase c isozymes and their regulation.	the physiological effects of many extracellular neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors, and other stimuli are mediated by receptor-promoted activation of phospholipase c (plc) and consequential activation of inositol lipid signaling pathways. these signaling responses include the classically described conversion of phosphatidylinositol(4,5)p(2) to the ca(2+)-mobilizing second messenger inositol(1,4,5)p(3) and the protein kinase c-activating second messenger diacylglycerol as well as alterat ...	22403074
dengue antibodies in blood donors.	dengue is an urban arbovirus whose etiologic agent is a virus of the genus flavorius with four distinct antigen serotypes (denv-1, denv-2, denv-3 and denv-4) that is transmitted to humans through the bite of the mosquito aedes aegypti. the campo mourão region in brazil is endemic for dengue fever. obtective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of igg and igm antibodies specific to the four serotypes of dengue in donors of the blood donor service in the city of campo mourão.	23049418
microsatellite-based parentage analysis of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) using nonlethal dna sampling.	to track aedes aegypti (l.) egg-laying behavior in the field in iquitos, peru, we developed methods for 1) sampling dna from live mosquitoes and 2) high through-put parentage analysis using microsatellite markers. we were able to amplify dna extracted from a single hind leg, but not from the pupal exuvia. removal of a leg from teneral females caused no significant changes in female behavioral or life history traits (e.g., longevity, blood feeding frequency, fecundity, egg hatch rate, gonotrophic ...	22308775
daily newspaper view of dengue fever epidemic, athens, greece, 1927-1931.	during the late summers of 1927 and 1928, a biphasic dengue epidemic affected the athens, greece, metropolitan area; >90% of the population became sick, and >1,000 persons (1,553 in the entire country) died. this epidemic was the most recent and most serious dengue fever epidemic in europe. review of all articles published by one of the most influential greek daily newspapers (i kathimerini) during the epidemic and the years that followed it did not shed light on the controversy about whether th ...	22257469
pyrethroid resistance in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from port-au-prince, haiti.	in port-au-prince, haiti, the status of insecticide resistance has not recently been evaluated for aedes aegypti (l) and aedes albopictus (skuse) populations. no prophylactics exist for dengue, so prevention is only through vector control methods. an earthquake occurred in haiti on january 12, 2010, with a magnitude of 7.0 mw that devastated the area. dengue became a major concern for the humanitarian relief workers that entered the country. bottle bioassays were conducted in the field on adult ...	23181855
lessons from malaria control to help meet the rising challenge of dengue.	achievements in malaria control could inform efforts to control the increasing global burden of dengue. better methods for quantifying dengue endemicity-equivalent to parasite prevalence surveys and endemicity mapping used for malaria-would help target resources, monitor progress, and advocate for investment in dengue prevention. success in controlling malaria has been attributed to widespread implementation of interventions with proven efficacy. an improved evidence base is needed for large-sca ...	23174383
application of eco-friendly tools and eco-bio-social strategies to control dengue vectors in urban and peri-urban settings in thailand.	dengue is considered one of the most important vector-borne diseases in thailand. its incidence is increasing despite routine implementation of national dengue control programmes. this study, conducted during 2010, aimed to demonstrate an application of integrated, community-based, eco-bio-social strategies in combination with locally-produced eco-friendly vector control tools in the dengue control programme, emphasizing urban and peri-urban settings in eastern thailand.	23318236
community mobilization and household level waste management for dengue vector control in gampaha district of sri lanka; an intervention study.	waste management through community mobilization to reduce breeding places at household level could be an effective and sustainable dengue vector control strategy in areas where vector breeding takes place in small discarded water containers. the objective of this study was to assess the validity of this assumption.	23318240
introduction.		23318233
community-based control of aedes aegypti by adoption of eco-health methods in chennai city, india.	dengue is highly endemic in chennai city, south india, in spite of continuous vector control efforts. this intervention study was aimed at establishing the efficacy as well as the favouring and limiting factors relating to a community-based environmental intervention package to control the dengue vector aedes aegypti.	23318241
estimating dengue vector abundance in the wet and dry season: implications for targeted vector control in urban and peri-urban asia.	research has shown that the classical stegomyia indices (or "larval indices") of the dengue vector aedes aegypti reflect the absence or presence of the vector but do not provide accurate measures of adult mosquito density. in contrast, pupal indices as collected in pupal productivity surveys are a much better proxy indicator for adult vector abundance. however, it is unknown when it is most optimal to conduct pupal productivity surveys, in the wet or in the dry season or in both, to inform contr ...	23318235
eco-bio-social research on dengue in asia: a multicountry study on ecosystem and community-based approaches for the control of dengue vectors in urban and peri-urban asia.	this article provides an overview of methods and cross-site insights of a 5-year research and capacity building initiative conducted between 2006 and 2011 in six countries of south asia (india, sri lanka) and south-east asia (indonesia, myanmar, philippines, thailand).the initiative managed an interdisciplinary investigation of ecological, biological, and social (i.e., eco-bio-social) dimensions of dengue in urban and peri-urban areas, and developed community-based interventions aimed at reducin ...	23318234
genetically modified insects as a public health tool: discussing the different bio-objectification within genetic strategies.		23275331
factors associated with dengue mortality in latin america and the caribbean, 1995-2009: an ecological study.	in this study, we aimed to estimate the effect that environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic factors have on dengue mortality in latin america and the caribbean. to that end, we conducted an observational ecological study, analyzing data collected between 1995 and 2009. dengue mortality rates were highest in the caribbean (spanish-speaking and non-spanish-speaking). multivariate analysis through poisson regression revealed that the following factors were independently associated with dengue ...	22302870
anopheles nf-κb-regulated splicing factors direct pathogen-specific repertoires of the hypervariable pattern recognition receptor agdscam.	insects rely on innate immune responses controlled by the immune deficiency (imd), toll, and other immune signaling pathways to combat infection by a broad spectrum of pathogens. these pathways signal to downstream nf-κb family transcription factors that control specific antipathogen action via direct transcriptional control of immune effectors, hematopoiesis, and melanization. here we show that in the anopheles malaria vector, imd and toll pathways mediate species-specific defenses against plas ...	23084919
shotgun analysis on the peritrophic membrane of the silkworm bombyx mori.	the insect midgut epithelium is generally lined with a unique chitin and protein structure, the peritrophic membrane (pm), which facilitates food digestion and protects the gut epithelium. we used gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify the extracted proteins from the silkworm pm to obtain an in-depth understanding of the biological function of the silkworm pm components. a total of 305 proteins, with molecular weights ranging from 8.02 kda to 788.52 kda and the isoelectric points ...	23187007
studies on the post-oviposition blood-feeding behaviour of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) in the laboratory.	the blood-feeding behaviour of the trinidad strain of aedes aegypti was studied, under laboratory conditions, using one female per cage and monitoring blood feeding immediately, 12, and 24 hours after oviposition. to get large numbers of females that had newly completed their first gonotrophic cycle, the diel oviposition periodicity was conducted using single females per cage and monitoring at 2-hour intervals. the diel oviposition periodicity showed a small morning peak (8%) during the first 2 ...	23265613
silencing of the hsf gene, the transcriptional regulator of a. gambiae male accessory glands, inhibits the formation of the mating plug in mated females and disrupts their monogamous behaviour.	discovering the molecular factors that shape the mating behaviour and the fertility of the mosquito anopheles gambiae, the principal vector of human malaria, is regarded as critical to better understand its reproductive success as well as for identifying new leads for malaria control measures. in a. gambiae mating induces complex behavioural and physiological changes in the females, including refractoriness to subsequent mating and induction of egg-laying. in other insects including drosophila a ...	23265612
efficacy of three formulations of diflubenzuron, an insect growth regulator, against culex quinquefasciatus say, the vector of bancroftian filariasis in india.	insect growth regulators (igrs) offer alternatives to conventional chemical larvicides that pose problem of resistance and environmental safety. however, only a limited number of igrs have been approved for use in mosquito control. in the present study, two new formulations of the igr diflubenzuron, 2 per cent granular (gr) and 2 per cent tablet (dt) were tested for its efficacy against culex quinquefasciatus, in comparison to its 25 per cent wettable powder (wp) formulation.	23287125
need for an efficient adult trap for the surveillance of dengue vectors.	the emergence and re-emergence of arboviral diseases transmitted by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus continue to be a major threat in the tropics and subtropics. associations between currently used indices and dengue transmission have not been proven to be satisfactorily predictive of dengue epidemics. classical larval indices in dengue surveillance have limited use in assessing transmission risk and are a poor proxy for measuring adult emergence. besides, collection of larval indices is labour ...	23287120
seroprevalence of antibodies against chikungunya, dengue, and rift valley fever viruses after febrile illness outbreak, madagascar.	in october 2009, two-3 months after an outbreak of a febrile disease with joint pain on the eastern coast of madagascar, we assessed serologic markers for chikungunya virus (chikv), dengue virus (denv), and rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in 1,244 pregnant women at 6 locations. in 2 eastern coast towns, igg seroprevalence against chikv was 45% and 23%; igm seroprevalence was 28% and 5%. igg seroprevalence against denv was 17% and 11%. no anti-denv igm was detected. at 4 locations, 450-1,300 m hig ...	23092548
sources of dengue viruses imported into queensland, australia, 2002-2010.	to assess risk for importation of dengue virus (denv) into queensland, australia, and sources of imported viruses, we sequenced the envelope region of denv isolates from symptomatic patients with a history of travel during 2002-2010. the number of imported dengue cases greatly increased over the surveillance period, some of which were associated with domestic outbreaks. patients reported traveling to (in order) asia, papua new guinea, pacific island countries, and non-asia-pacific countries. by ...	23092682
mathematical models as aids for design and development of experiments: the case of transgenic mosquitoes.	we demonstrate the utility of models as aids in the design and development of experiments aimed at measuring the effects of proposed vector population control strategies. we describe the exploration of a stochastic, age-structured model that simulates field cage experiments that test the ability of a female-killing strain of the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) to suppress a wild-type population. model output predicts that choices of release ratio and population size can impact mean extinction time a ...	23270145
gene flow networks among american aedes aegypti populations.	the mosquito aedes aegypti, the dengue virus vector, has spread throughout the tropics in historical times. while this suggests man-mediated dispersal, estimating contemporary connectivity among populations has remained elusive. here, we use a large mtdna dataset and a bayesian coalescent framework to test a set of hypotheses about gene flow among american ae. aegypti populations. we assessed gene flow patterns at the continental and subregional (amazon basin) scales. for the americas, our data ...	23144654
acute gingival bleeding as a complication of dengue hemorrhagic fever.	dengue fever is mosquito borne disease caused by dengue virus (denv) of flaviviridae family. the clinical manifestations range from fever to severe hemorrhage, shock and death. here, we report a case of 20-year-old male patient undergoing orthodontic treatment presenting with acute gingival bleeding with a history of fever, weakness, backache, retro orbital pain and ecchymosis over his right arm. the hematological investigations revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia and positive dengue non-structura ...	24174736
making designer mutants in model organisms.	recent advances in the targeted modification of complex eukaryotic genomes have unlocked a new era of genome engineering. from the pioneering work using zinc-finger nucleases (zfns), to the advent of the versatile and specific talen systems, and most recently the highly accessible crispr/cas9 systems, we now possess an unprecedented ability to analyze developmental processes using sophisticated designer genetic tools. in this review, we summarize the common approaches and applications of these s ...	25336735
evolution of mosquito preference for humans linked to an odorant receptor.	female mosquitoes are major vectors of human disease and the most dangerous are those that preferentially bite humans. a 'domestic' form of the mosquito aedes aegypti has evolved to specialize in biting humans and is the main worldwide vector of dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses. the domestic form coexists with an ancestral, 'forest' form that prefers to bite non-human animals and is found along the coast of kenya. we collected the two forms, established laboratory colonies, and docu ...	25391959
rna interference in colorado potato beetle: steps toward development of dsrna as a commercial insecticide.	colorado potato beetle (cpb) is a notorious pest on potatoes and has a remarkable ability to detoxify plant chemicals and develop resistance against insecticides. dsrna targeting cpb genes could be expressed in potato plants to control this pest. however, previous attempts at introducing transgenic potato plants to control cpb were not highly successful. recent studies showed that feeding dsrna expressed in bacteria works very well to kill cpb. to realize the potential of rnai to control this an ...	26705514
she's a femme fatale: low-density larval development produces good disease vectors.	two hypotheses for how conditions for larval mosquitoes affect vectorial capacity make opposite predictions about the relationship of adult size and frequency of infection with vector-borne pathogens. competition among larvae produces small adult females. the competition-susceptibility hypothesis postulates that small females are more susceptible to infection and predicts frequency of infection should decrease with size. the competition-longevity hypothesis postulates that small females have low ...	25591112
chemical and biological insecticides select distinct gene expression patterns in aedes aegypti mosquito.	worldwide evolution of mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides represents a major challenge for public health, and the future of vector control largely relies on the development of biological insecticides that can be used in combination with chemicals (integrated management), with the expectation that populations already resistant to chemicals will not become readily resistant to biological insecticides. however, little is known about the metabolic pathways affected by selection with chemic ...	25540155
peripheral olfactory signaling in insects.	olfactory signaling is a crucial component in the life history of insects. the development of precise and parallel mechanisms to analyze the tremendous amount of chemical information from the environment and other sources has been essential to their evolutionary success. considerable progress has been made in the study of insect olfaction fueled by bioinformatics- based utilization of genomics along with rapid advances in functional analyses. here we review recent progress in our rapidly emergin ...	25584200
the enigmatic reception of deet - the gold standard of insect repellents.	repellents are important prophylactic tools for travelers and populations living in endemic areas of malaria, dengue, encephalitis, and other vector-borne diseases. deet is a safe, broad spectrum repellent, which provides complete protection over a long period of time. despite its low cost, more affordable alternatives are highly desirable, particularly for those in endemic areas where cost is an impediment. alternative compounds like ir 3535 and picaridin have been developed using molecular mod ...	25530943
identification, characterization and structure of a new delta class glutathione transferase isoenzyme.	the insect gst (glutathione transferase) supergene family encodes a varied group of proteins belonging to at least six individual classes. interest in insect gsts has focused on their role in conferring insecticide resistance. previously from the mosquito malaria vector anopheles dirus, two genes encoding five delta class gsts have been characterized for structural as well as enzyme activities. we have obtained a new delta class gst gene and isoenzyme from a. dirus, which we name adgstd5-5. the ...	15717864
influence of spatial heterogeneity on an emerging infectious disease: the case of dengue epidemics.	the importance of spatial heterogeneity and spatial scales (at a village or neighbourhood scale) has been explored with individual-based models. our reasoning is based on the chilean easter island (ei) case, where a first dengue epidemic occurred in 2002 among the relatively small population localized in one village. even in this simple situation, the real epidemic is not consistent with homogeneous models. conversely, including contact heterogeneity on different scales (intra-households, inter- ...	16024379
persistent emergence of dengue.		15898171
the combination of npk fertilizer and deltamethrin insecticide favors the proliferation of pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae).	in this laboratory study, we investigated how the biological cycle of anopheles gambiae s.s. (vkpr strain) would be like when grew in an environment containing more or less plant matter (2.5 or 5 g/l) and fertilizer (8-12-8 or 17-23-17 mg/l). half of the environments studied were not exposed to insecticide (control) whereas the other half was submitted to deltamethrin treatment at the concentration of 0.015 mg/l. the bioassays showed that 2.5 g/l of plant matter in water are not sufficient to fe ...	22550627
public health as an international problem: 1944.		22676498