Publications

a cluster of dengue cases in american missionaries returning from haiti, 2010.	dengue is an acute febrile illness caused by four mosquito-borne dengue viruses (denv-1 to -4) that are endemic throughout the tropics. after returning from a 1-week missionary trip to haiti in october of 2010, 5 of 28 (18%) travelers were hospitalized for dengue-like illness. all travelers were invited to submit serum specimens and complete questionnaires on pre-travel preparations, mosquito avoidance practices, and activities during travel. denv infection was confirmed in seven (25%) travelers ...	22232444
the emergence of zika virus as a global health security threat: a review and a consensus statement of the indusem joint working group (jwg).	the zika virus (zikv), first discovered in 1947, has emerged as a global public health threat over the last decade, with the accelerated geographic spread of the virus noted during the last 5 years. the world health organization (who) predicts that millions of cases of zikv are likely to occur in the americas during the next 12 months. these projections, in conjunction with suspected zika-associated increase in newborn microcephaly cases, prompted who to declare public health emergency of intern ...	27013839
mass scale screening of common arboviral infections by an affordable, cost effective rt-pcr method.	to develop a rapid, cost effective rt-pcr method for the mass scale diagnosis of such diseases at the viremia stage to find out the actual disease burden in that area.	23569876
unsuspected dengue and acute febrile illness in rural and semi-urban southern sri lanka.	dengue virus (denv), a globally emerging cause of undifferentiated fever, has been documented in the heavily urbanized western coast of sri lanka since the 1960s. new areas of sri lanka are now being affected, and the reported number and severity of cases have increased. to study emerging denv in southern sri lanka, we obtained epidemiologic and clinical data and acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples from patients >2 years old with febrile illness. we tested paired serum samples for denv i ...	22304972
knowledge and use of personal protective measures against mosquito borne diseases in a resettlement colony of delhi.	mosquito borne diseases (mbds) are major public health problem in india. state of delhi is endemic for dengue and other mbds. the increasing incidence of mbds in delhi in recent years warrants a pro-active approach for their prevention. knowledge and use of personal protective measures (ppms) presents an effective strategy for prevention and control of mbds.	24761243
novel and viable acetylcholinesterase target site for developing effective and environmentally safe insecticides.	insect pests are responsible for human suffering and financial losses worldwide. new and environmentally safe insecticides are urgently needed to cope with these serious problems. resistance to current insecticides has resulted in a resurgence of insect pests, and growing concerns about insecticide toxicity to humans discourage the use of insecticides for pest control. the small market for insecticides has hampered insecticide development; however, advances in genomics and structural genomics of ...	22280344
dengue virus infection: current concepts in immune mechanisms and lessons from murine models.	dengue viruses (denv), a group of four serologically distinct but related flaviviruses, are responsible for one of the most important emerging viral diseases. this mosquito-borne disease has a great impact in tropical and subtropical areas of the world in terms of illness, mortality and economic costs, mainly due to the lack of approved vaccine or antiviral drugs. infections with one of the four serotypes of denv (denv-1-4) result in symptoms ranging from an acute, self-limiting febrile illness, ...	24182427
neurological manifestations of zika virus infection.	zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus (flaviviridae family) transmitted mainly by aedes mosquitoes. the virus was restricted to the african continent until its spread to south-east asia in the 1980's, the micronesia in 2007, the french polynesia in 2013 and, more recently in the americas in 2015, where, up to date, the world health organization (who) has estimated about 3-4 million total cases of zikv infection. during outbreaks in the french polynesia and brazil in 2013 and 2015, respectively, nati ...	27878100
zika virus: epidemiology, current phobia and preparedness for upcoming mass gatherings, with examples from world olympics and pilgrimage.	to describe zika virus (zikv) epidemiology, current phobia, and the required preparedness for its prevention during the upcoming mass gathering (mg) events.	27648063
dengue fever in travelers to the tropics, 1998 and 1999.	dengue fever (df) has become common in western travelers to the tropics. to improve the basis for travel advice, risk factors and dengue manifestations were assessed in 107 swedish patients for whom df was diagnosed after return from travel in 1998 and 1999. patient data were compared with data on a sample of all swedish travelers to dengue-endemic countries in the same years. only three of the patients had received pretravel advice concerning df from their physicians. hemorrhagic manifestations ...	12702223
classification of dengue illness based on readily available laboratory data.	the aim of this study was to examine retrospective dengue-illness classification using only clinical laboratory data, without relying on x-ray, ultrasound, or percent hemoconcentration. we analyzed data from a study of children who presented with acute febrile illness to two hospitals in thailand. multivariable logistic regression models were used to distinguish: (1) dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) versus dengue fever (df), (2) dhf versus df + other febrile illness (ofi), (3) dengue versus ofi, a ...	20889865
zika virus: a roar after years of whispering.		27168917
zika in america: the year in review.	short on funds and with no therapeutics or vaccines in sight, u.s. health officials are scrambling to prepare for a protracted fight with zika virus and the mosquitoes that carry it. in this article, the author focuses on the arrival of zika in the u.s.	27990081
attractive toxic sugar baits: control of mosquitoes with the low-risk active ingredient dinotefuran and potential impacts on nontarget organisms in morocco.	we evaluated the efficacy of attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb) in the laboratory and field with the low-risk active ingredient dinotefuran against mosquito populations. preliminary laboratory assays indicated that dinotefuran in solution with the sugar baits was ingested and resulted in high mortality of female culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti linnaeus. field studies demonstrated >70% reduction of mosquito populations at 3 wk post-atsb application. nontarget feeding of seven insect ...	24331613
delayed egg hatching of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) pending water agitation.	mosquito eggs laid on water surfaces typically hatch spontaneously soon after the embryos within them become fully formed first-instar larvae. however, we have found that anopheles gambiae giles, an important vector of malaria in africa, exhibits delayed hatching until the water surface is agitated, a feature overlooked in most laboratory colonies. agitation within 24 h postoviposition, before embryonation was complete, failed to stimulate delayed postembryonic hatching of isolated eggs on the f ...	24897850
use of the cdc autocidal gravid ovitrap to control and prevent outbreaks of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	populations ofaedes aegypti (l.) can be managed through reductions in adult mosquito survival, number of offspring produced, or both. direct adult mortality can be caused by the use of space sprays or residual insecticides to mosquito resting sites, and with a variety of residual insecticide-impregnated surfaces that are being tested, such as curtains, covers for water-storage vessels, bednets, and ovitraps. the fertility ofae. aegypti populations can be reduced by the use of autocidal ovipositi ...	24605464
an improved trap to capture adult container-inhabiting mosquitoes.	although dengue viruses are thought to be transmitted by aedes aegypti in puerto rico, aedes mediovittatus, the caribbean tree hole mosquito, is also a potential vector. this species is native to the greater antilles and has been shown to be a competent vector of dengue viruses in the laboratory. consequently, it has been suggested that ae. mediovittatus could be acting as a secondary vector or virus reservoir. this study was part of an ongoing investigation into this, and it aimed to determine ...	24551969
hunger-dependent and sex-specific antipredator behaviour of larvae of a size-dimorphic mosquito.	1. modification of behaviors in the presence of predators or predation cues is widespread among animals. costs of a behavioral change in the presence of predators or predation cues depend on fitness effects of lost feeding opportunities and, especially when organisms are sexually dimorphic in size or timing of maturation, these costs are expected to differ between the sexes. 2. larval aedes triseriatus (say) (diptera: culicidae) were used to test the hypothesis that behavioral responses of the s ...	25309025
vertebrate hosts of aedes aegypti and aedes mediovittatus (diptera: culicidae) in rural puerto rico.	the distribution of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.), the main vector of dengue viruses (denv) worldwide, overlaps with aedes (gymnometopa) mediovittatus (coquillett), the caribbean treehole mosquito, in urban, suburban, and rural areas. ae. mediovittatus is a competent vector of denv with high rates of vertical denv transmission in the laboratory. this study determined whether ae. mediovittatus feeds on humans and compared its feeding patterns with co-occurring ae. aegypti in two rural communitie ...	22897052
monitoring resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the field by performing bioassays with each cry toxin separately.	bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is increasingly used worldwide for mosquito control and is the only larvicide used in the french rhône-alpes region since decades. the artificial selection of mosquitoes with field-persistent bti collected in breeding sites from this region led to a moderate level of resistance to bti, but to relatively high levels of resistance to individual bti cry toxins. based on this observation, we developed a bioassay procedure using each bti cry toxin separ ...	24037105
population dynamics.	this chapter reviews aspects of population dynamics that may be conceptually important for biological control of mosquitoes. density dependent population regulation among immature stages has important implications for biological control of mosquito populations, primarily because it can lead to compensatory or overcompensatory mortality due to additions of a biological control agent. this can result in control efforts leading to no change in the target population, or actual increases in the targe ...	17853611
competitive displacement and reduction.		17853612
consequences of detritus type in an aquatic microsystem: effects on water quality, micro-organisms and performance of the dominant consumer.	1. variation in detritus quality and quantity can have significant effects on aquatic invertebrate food webs. allochthonous inputs of detritus are the principal energy source for organisms in aquatic tree hole microsystems. we compared the effects of two major detritus types found in tree holes, senescent leaves (sugar maple and white oak) and invertebrate carcasses (dead adult fruit flies and crickets), on several water quality characteristics of laboratory microcosms as well as on mass, surviv ...	17476312
precipitation and temperature effects on populations of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae): implications for range expansion.	we investigated how temperature and precipitation regime encountered over the life cycle of aedes albopictus (skuse) affects populations. caged populations of a. albopictus were maintained at 22, 26, and 30 degrees c. cages were equipped with containers that served as sites for oviposition and larval development. all cages were assigned to one of three simulated precipitation regimes: (1) low fluctuation regime - water within the containers was allowed to evaporate to 90% of its maximum before b ...	11580037
temperature effects on the dynamics of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) populations in the laboratory.	we investigated how constant temperatures of 22, 24, and 26 degrees c experienced across the full life cycle affected the dynamics of caged populations of aedes albopictus (skuse). all cages were equipped with plastic beakers that served as sites for oviposition and larval development. we measured the per capita daily mortality and emergence rates of the adults and size of adult females, and estimated the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and asymptotic density (k) for each caged population. popula ...	11476335
human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic.	dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species (dirofilaria immitis and d. repens) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. at the same time, both d. immitis and d. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus wolbachia, the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hos ...	22763636
stable isotope analysis reveals detrital resource base sources of the tree hole mosquito, aedes triseriatus.	1. detritus that forms the basis for mosquito production in tree hole ecosystems can vary in type and timing of input. we investigated the contributions of plant- and animal-derived detritus to the biomass of aedes triseriatus (say) pupae and adults by using stable isotope ((15)n and (13)c) techniques in lab experiments and field collections.2. lab-reared mosquito isotope values reflected their detrital resource base, providing a clear distinction between mosquitoes reared on plant or animal det ...	21132121
senescent leaf exudate increases mosquito survival and microbial activity.	we conducted experiments to evaluate the effects of soluble components in senescent leaf material on the growth and development of the eastern tree hole mosquito, aedes triseriatus (say). oak leaves that were either leached for three days to remove the labile nutrient fraction, or were not leached, served as basal nutrient inputs in each experiment.mosquito performance in microcosms containing leachate only was significantly worse compared with microcosms containing leaf material in combination ...	21113430
interpopulation divergence in competitive interactions of the mosquito aedes albopictus.	geographic variation in species interactions can have major effects on distributions. effects of such variation can be particularly evident for invasive species, in which variation in competitive ability can influence invasive success and impacts. we tested the hypothesis that coexistence or exclusion of the resident mosquito aedes aegypti results from variation among local populations of the invasive aedes albopictus in competitive interactions with a. aegypti. we also examined the role of vari ...	19769119
leaf species identity and combination affect performance and oviposition choice of two container mosquito species.	1. resource diversity can be an important determinant of individual and population performance in insects. fallen parts of plants form the nutritive base for many aquatic systems, including mosquito habitats, but the effect of plant diversity on mosquito production is poorly understood.2. to determine the effects of diverse plant inputs on larval mosquitoes, experiments were conducted that examined how leaves of vitis aestivalis, quercus virginiana, psychotria nervosa, and nephrolepis exalta aff ...	20161198
digital image analysis to estimate numbers of aedes eggs oviposited in containers.	monitoring reproductive rates in experiments involving aedine mosquitoes is tedious and time demanding. here, we demonstrate a protocol for rapid estimation of aedine mosquito egg number. the protocol uses imagej, a publicly available image analysis program developed at the u.s. national institutes of health. the method relies upon the oviposition behavior of aedes (i.e., ovipositing on a moist substrate instead of water surface) and upon the contrast between dark-colored aedine eggs and a light ...	19181055
sex ratios of mosquitoes from long-term censuses of florida tree holes.	pupal sexes of the most common mosquito species were determined in the course of biweekly censuses (with replacement) of the contents of 3-7 tree holes from 1980-2003 in vero beach, fl. a significant (p < 0.001) male bias was detected over this period for the most abundant species, aedes triseriatus. no significant deviation from a 1:1 sex ratio was detected among pupae of toxorhynchites rutilus or ae. albopictus, the latter species occurring in this community only since 1991. although pupae of ...	18437808
characterisation of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) larval habitats at ground level and temporal fluctuations of larval abundance in córdoba, argentina.	the aims of this study were to characterise the ground-level larval habitats of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus, to determine the relationships between habitat characteristics and larval abundance and to examine seasonal larval-stage variations in córdoba city. every two weeks for two years, 15 larval habitats (natural and artificial water bodies, including shallow wells, drains, retention ponds, canals and ditches) were visited and sampled for larval mosquitoes. data regarding the water dep ...	24037200
tackling the malaria problem in the south-east asia region: need for a change in policy?	malaria is largely neglected in the south-east asia region (sear), although it has the highest number of people susceptible to the disease. malaria in the sear exhibits special epidemiological characteristics such as "forest malaria" and malaria due to migration across international borders. the greater mekong subregion (gms) has been a focal-point for the emergence of drug resistant malaria. with the recent emergence of artemisinin resistance, coupled with the limited availability of insecticid ...	23481050
effects of intraspecific larval competition on adult longevity in the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.	larval competition is common in container-breeding mosquitoes. the impact of competition on larval growth has been thoroughly examined and findings that larval competition can lead to density-dependent effects on adult body size have been documented. the effects of larval competition on adult longevity have been less well explored. the effects of intraspecific larval densities on the longevity of adults maintained under relatively harsh environmental conditions were tested in the laboratory by m ...	19239615
species interactions among larval mosquitoes: context dependence across habitat gradients.	biotic interactions involving mosquito larvae are context dependent, with effects of interactions on populations altered by ecological conditions. relative impacts of competition and predation change across a gradient of habitat size and permanence. asymmetrical competition is common and ecological context changes competitive advantage, potentially facilitating landscape-level coexistence of competitors. predator effects on mosquito populations sometimes depend on habitat structure and on emerge ...	19067629
escape from gregarine parasites affects the competitive interactions of an invasive mosquito.	when a species is introduced into a new location, it may escape, at least temporarily, from its natural enemies. in field surveys, we found that when the exotic, invasive mosquito, aedes albopictus, invades new sites, it initially experiences reduced infection by its gut parasite, ascogregarina taiwanensis. to determine the effect of this escape from parasitism on the competitive ability of a. albopictus, we performed a laboratory competition experiment in which infected and uninfected a. albopi ...	19777120
desiccation and thermal tolerance of eggs and the coexistence of competing mosquitoes.	we tested the hypothesis that differences in temperature and desiccation tolerances of eggs of the container-dwelling mosquitoes aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti influence whether invading a. albopictus coexist with or exclude a. aegypti in florida. in the laboratory, egg mortality through 30 days for a. albopictus was strongly temperature and humidity dependent, with low humidity and high temperature producing greatest mortality. in contrast, mortality through 30 days and through 60 days for ...	20871747
effects of habitat type and drying on ascogregarina barretti (eugregarinida: lecudinidae) infection in aedes triseritatus (diptera: culicidae).	the intensity and prevalence of parasitism by ascogregarina barretti (vavra) in aedes triseriatus (say) did not differ between tires and tree holes in field samples taken in september 1996. there was significant variation in the intensity of parasitism among containers that was not significantly correlated with the ph, conductivity, or temperature of the container water. in an experiment manipulating habitat drying, treatments had a significant effect on a. barretti infection of ae. triseriatus, ...	11126556
contributions of temporal segregation, oviposition choice, and non-additive effects of competitors to invasion success of aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in north america.	the mosquito aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) has spread rapidly through north america since its introduction in the 1990s. the mechanisms underlying its establishment in container communities occupied by competitors aedes triseriatus and aedes albopictus are unclear. possibilities include (a) temporal separation of a. japonicus from other aedes, (b) oviposition avoidance by a. japonicus of sites containing heterospecific aedes larvae, and (c) non-additive competitive effects in assemblages ...	26101466
zika is not a reason for missing the olympic games in rio de janeiro: response to the open letter of dr attaran and colleagues to dr margaret chan, director - general, who, on the zika threat to the olympic and paralympic games.	attaran and colleagues in an open letter to who expressed their concern about the upcoming olympic and paralympic games in rio de janeiro and the threat posed by the zika epidemic (attaran 2016). we agree that zika virus is of great public health concern and much remains to be known about this disease. care should be taken to reduce the risk of infection, especially to pregnant women. however, we argue that this is not sufficient reason for changing the original plans for the games, in particula ...	27304097
bloodfeeding patterns of sylvatic arbovirus vectors in southeastern senegal.	dengue (denv), yellow fever (yfv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses circulate in sylvatic, enzootic transmission cycles in southeastern senegal, but understanding of the vector-host interactions involved is limited.	23423342
brazil's scientists scramble to solve the zika puzzle.	the world health organization has declared the recent leap in the number of microcephaly cases and their suspected association with zika virus a public health emergency of international concern. ana bispo tells andréia azevedo soares why brazil should have some scientific answers in coming months.	26966326
bioethical considerations at times of zika virus.		27462882
autochthonous chikungunya fever in traveler returning to japan from cuba.		27533717
the epidemiology and transmissibility of zika virus in girardot and san andres island, colombia, september 2015 to january 2016.	transmission of zika virus (zikv) was first detected in colombia in september 2015. as of april 2016, colombia had reported over 65,000 cases of zika virus disease (zvd). we analysed daily surveillance data of zvd cases reported to the health authorities of san andres and girardot, colombia, between september 2015 and january 2016. zvd was laboratory-confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the serum of acute cases within five days of symptom onset. we use daily i ...	27452806
highly diversified zika viruses imported to china, 2016.		27209301
public health round-up.		27516631
microcephaly in north-east brazil: a retrospective study on neonates born between 2012 and 2015.	to assess the number of children born with microcephaly in the state of paraíba, north-east brazil.	27821886
larvicidal efficacies of plants from midwestern brazil: melianodiol from guarea kunthiana as a potential biopesticide against aedes aegypti.	a total of 36 ethanol extracts from different anatomical parts of 27 plant species (18 families), native to the pantanal and cerrado biomes in midwest brazil, was assessed for their effect against aedes aegypti larvae, the vector of dengue, hemorrhagic dengue, zika and chikungunya fevers. only the extract obtained from seeds of guarea kunthiana (meliaceae) proved active (lc50 = 169.93 μg/ml). a bioassay-guided investigation of this extract led to the isolation and identification of melianodiol, ...	27333366
zika - global concern.		27610070
editorial brain malformation surveillance in the zika era.	the current surveillance systems for congenital microcephaly are necessary to monitor the impact of zika virus (zikv) on the developing human brain, as well as the zikv prevention efforts. however, these congenital microcephaly surveillance systems are insufficient. abnormalities of neuronal differentiation, development and migration may occur among infants with normal head circumference who have intrauterine exposure to zikv. therefore, surveillance for congenital microcephaly does not ascertai ...	27891785
mucocutaneous manifestations of chikungunya fever: a study from an epidemic in coastal karnataka.	chikungunya fever (cf) epidemic has recently re-emerged in india affecting large population. mucocutaneous manifestations are an important clinical feature of the disease. we have reviewed mucocutaneous manifestations of the disease during a recent epidemic in coastal karnataka.	21772590
bed bugs: clinical relevance and control options.	since the late 1990s, bed bugs of the species cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus have undergone a worldwide resurgence. these bed bugs are blood-sucking insects that readily bite humans. cutaneous reactions may occur and can start out as small macular lesions that can develop into distinctive wheals of around 5 cm in diameter, which are accompanied by intense itching. occasionally, bullous eruptions may result. if bed bugs are numerous, the patient can present with widespread urticaria or ey ...	22232375
distinguishing between zika and spondweni viruses.		27843157
detection of autochthonous zika virus transmission in sincelejo, colombia.		27089253
emerging infectious disease and fast-track publication: when public health gets priority over the formality of scholarly publishing.		27223865
projecting month of birth for at-risk infants after zika virus disease outbreaks.	the marked increase in infants born with microcephaly in brazil after a 2015 outbreak of zika virus (zika virus) disease suggests an association between maternal zika virus infection and congenital microcephaly. to project the timing of delivery of infants born to mothers infected during early pregnancy in 1 city in bahia state, brazil, we incorporated data on reported zika virus disease cases and microcephaly cases into a graphical schematic of weekly birth cohorts. we projected that these birt ...	27088494
threat from emerging vectorborne viruses.		27551712
asian genotype zika virus detected in traveler returning to mexico from colombia, october 2015.		27088574
tropical islands as new hubs for emerging arboviruses.		27088243
epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of chikungunya in hyderabad and nalgonda districts of andhra pradesh, india.	after about three decades, chikungunya infection has re-emerged in india and the first cases were reported in december, 2005. the outbreak has currently affected about 8 states in the country. although known to be commonly non fatal, since the present outbreak involved a large population, it has been raised as an issue of public health concern and also attracted wide media attention. the clinico-epidemiological and entomological review of the chikungunya outbreak situation in hyderabad and nalgo ...	21475442
movement of chikungunya virus into the western hemisphere.		25061832
preparedness for threat of chikungunya in the pacific.	chikungunya virus (chikv) caused significant outbreaks of illness during 2005-2007 in the indian ocean region. chikungunya outbreaks have also occurred in the pacific region, including in papua new guinea in 2012; new caledonia in april 2013; and yap state, federated states of micronesia, in august 2013. chikv is a threat in the pacific, and the risk for further spread is high, given several similarities between the pacific and indian ocean chikungunya outbreaks. island health care systems have ...	25062306
chikungunya virus in the americas--what a vectorborne pathogen can do.		25184860
the chikungunya virus: an emerging us pathogen.	the chikungunya (chik) virus was recently reported by the cdc to have spread to the united states. we report an early documented case of chik from the state of pennsylvania after a patient recently returned from haiti in june of 2014.	27006742
cutaneous manifestations in patients suspected of chikungunya disease.	an epidemic of chikungunya disease occurred in india during late 2005 through 2006 affecting nearly 1,400,000 people.	20101307
molecular characterization of chikungunya virus, philippines, 2011-2013.	during 2011-2013, a nationwide outbreak of chikungunya virus infection occurred in the philippines. the asian genotype was identified as the predominant genotype; sporadic cases of the east/central/south african genotype were detected in mindanao. further monitoring is needed to define the transmission pattern of this virus in the philippines.	27088593
perinatal chikungunya in twins.	we report a case of vertically transmitted chikungunya infection in heterozygous twin neonates presenting as seizures, encephalopathy, midfacial hyperpigmentation, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. this could be considered as a rare cause of neonatal seizure and identification would help in appropriate management.	27857791
chikungunya fever among patients with acute febrile illness attending a tertiary care hospital in mumbai.	chikungunya fever (chik) is an arboviral disease. dengue fever (deng) and chik are indistinguishable clinically and need to be differentiated by laboratory investigations.	27365916
waiting for chikungunya fever in argentina: spatio-temporal risk maps.	chikungunya virus (chikv) transmission has been detected in america in 2013 and recently reached south up to bolivia, brazil and paraguay, bordering countries of argentina. the presence of the mosquito aedes aegypti in half of the country together with the regional context drove us to make a rapid assessment of transmission risk. temperature thresholds for vector breeding and for virus transmission, together with adult activity from the literature, were mapped on a monthly basis to estimate risk ...	25946252
chikungunya virus susceptibility & variation in populations of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mosquito from india.	although having immense clinical relevance, yet only a few studies have been targeted to understand the chikungunya virus (chikv) susceptibility and growth in aedes aegypti populations from india. this study was undertaken to investigate chikv susceptibility and growth kinetics in ae. aegypti along with genetic heterogeneity of ae. aegypti populations.	26905240
chikungunya virus outbreak, dominica, 2014.		25898214
east/central/south african genotype chikungunya virus, brazil, 2014.		25898939
knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding vector-borne diseases in western jamaica.	outbreaks of vector-borne diseases (vbds) such as dengue and malaria can overwhelm health systems in resource-poor countries. environmental management strategies that reduce or eliminate vector breeding sites combined with improved personal prevention strategies can help to significantly reduce transmission of these infections.	27036722
spontaneous arterial hemorrhage as a complication of dengue.	bleeding complications of dengue hemorrhagic fever such as epistaxis, gum bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, hypermenorrhea, hematuria, and thrombocytopenia have been documented. a 49-year-old female presented with complaints of intermittent high-grade fever for the past 4 days, lower abdominal pain and altered sensorium for 1 day. laboratory investigations revealed severe anemia, mild thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, and positive dengue serology. emergency ultrasound examination of the a ...	27275081
a comparative study of clinical features between monotypic and dual infection cases with chikungunya virus and dengue virus in west bengal, india.	chikungunya virus (chikv) and dengue virus (denv) are circulating individually in the state of west bengal, india. however, after 1965 the dual-infection caused by both viruses had not been recorded until 2010. in 2010, an investigation of the febrile cases was carried out to confirm the involvement of both viruses simultaneously. a total of 550 blood samples were tested for the detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody against both chikv and denv. serology by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent ...	22492160
two disciplines, one priority: the seamless integration of human and veterinary microbiology is urgent.		26038422
estimation of population size and dispersal of aedes polynesiensis on toamaro motu, french polynesia.	mark-release-recapture methods were used to compare aedes polynesiensis marks adult numbers and dispersal between dry and wet seasons in a closed population on a small island (motu) in french polynesia. females were more than three times more common during wet (december 2008) than dry (may 2007) season samplings although high numbers of vectors were collected during both seasons. lincoln-petersen estimates for ae. polynesiensis females on the motu were 6,055 per hectare for the dry season and 18 ...	23025176
nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) of chikungunya virus (chikv) enhances protective immunity mediated by a chikv envelope protein expressing dna vaccine.	chikungunya virus (chikv) is an important emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus, indigenous to tropical africa and asia. it can cause epidemic fever and acute illness characterized by fever and arthralgias. the epidemic cycle of this infection is similar to dengue and urban yellow fever viral infections. the generation of an efficient vaccine against chikv is necessary to prevent and/or control the disease manifestations of the infection. in this report, we studied immune response against a chikv-e ...	23409931
genomes to hits in silico - a country path today, a highway tomorrow: a case study of chikungunya.	these are exciting times for bioinformaticians, computational biologists and drug designers with the genome and proteome sequences and related structural databases growing at an accelerated pace. the post-genomic era has triggered high expectations for a rapid and successful treatment of diseases. however, in this biological information rich and functional knowledge poor scenario, the challenges are indeed grand, no less than the assembly of the genome of the whole organism. these include functi ...	23260020
chikungunya virus infection, brazzaville, republic of congo, 2011.		23968609
outbreak of chikungunya virus infection, vanimo, papua new guinea.	in june 2012, health authorities in papua new guinea detected an increase in febrile illnesses in vanimo. chikungunya virus of the eastern/central/southern african genotype harboring the e1:a226v mutation was identified. this ongoing outbreak has spread to ≥8 other provinces and has had a harmful effect on public health.	23965757
chikungunya fever outbreak, bhutan, 2012.	in 2012, chikungunya virus (chikv) was reported for the first time in bhutan. igm elisa results were positive for 36/210 patient samples; pcr was positive for 32/81. phylogenetic analyses confirmed that bhutan chikv belongs to the east/central/south african genotype. appropriate responses to future outbreaks require a system of surveillance and improved laboratory capacity.	24047543
high dose intraveneous vitamin c and chikungunya fever: a case report.	the chikungunya (chikv) fever is a viral disease produced by a single-stranded rna alphavirus from the togaviridae genus. its transmission occurs only through mosquito vectors, principally aedes aegypti. it requires a human-mosquito-human transmission cycle. it is associated with severe arthritis/arthralgias, myalgias, high fever, headache, and maculopapular rash. joint ache appears to be symmetrical. the virus has an incubation period of 2 to 7 days, where the high fever is typically presented. ...	25705076
fever screening at airports and imported dengue.	airport fever screening in taiwan, july 2003-june 2004, identified 40 confirmed dengue cases. results obtained by capture immunoglobulin (ig) m and igg enzyme-linked immunoassay, real time 1-step polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation showed that 33 (82.5%) of 40 patients were viremic. airport fever screening can thus quickly identify imported dengue cases.	15757566
dengue in costa rica: the gap in local scientific research.		17316494
viruses and the microbiota.	every surface of the human body is colonized by a diverse microbial community called the microbiota, yet the impact of microbiota on viruses is unclear. recent research has advanced our understanding of how microbiota influence viral infection. microbiota inhibit infection of some viruses and promote infection of other viruses. these effects can occur through direct and/or indirect effects on the host and/or virus. this review examines the known effects and mechanisms by which the microbiota inf ...	25821837
functional genomics approach for the identification of human host factors supporting dengue viral propagation.	dengue virus (denv) is endemic throughout tropical regions of the world and there are no approved treatments or anti-transmission agents currently available. consequently, there exists an enormous unmet need to treat the human diseases caused by denv and block viral transmission by the mosquito vector. rnai screening represents an efficient method to expand the pool of known host factors that could become viable targets for treatments or provide rationale to consider available drugs as anti-denv ...	24696344
latest developments and future directions in dengue vaccines.	dengue is a mosquito-borne disease which is currently an expanding global health problem. the disease is caused by four closely related viruses, the dengue virus. there are no specific dengue therapeutics and prevention is currently limited to vector control measures. development of an effective tetravalent dengue vaccine would therefore represent a major advance in the control of the disease and is considered a high public health priority. while a licensed dengue vaccine is not yet available, t ...	24757522
seropositive status of dengue virus infection among blood donors in north malaysia.		24678182
urban epidemic of dengue virus serotype 3 infection, senegal, 2009.	an urban epidemic of dengue in senegal during 2009 affected 196 persons and included 5 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever and 1 fatal case of dengue shock syndrome. dengue virus serotype 3 was identified from all patients, and aedes aegypti mosquitoes were identified as the primary vector of the virus.	24572297
dengue fever-induced cold-agglutinin syndrome.		25469236
dengue vaccine: a valuable asset for the future.	dengue has emerged as one of the major global public health problems. the disease has broken out of its shell and has spread due to increased international travel and climatic changes. globally, over 2.5 billion people accounting for >40% of the world's population are at risk from dengue. since the 1940s, dengue vaccines have been under investigation. a live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine based on chimeric yellow fever-dengue virus (cyd-tdv) has progressed to phase iii efficacy studies. dengue v ...	25424928
papaya extract to treat dengue: a novel therapeutic option?	dengue is a viral disease that today affects a vast number of people in over 125 countries and is responsible for a sizable number of deaths. in the absence of an effective antiviral drug to treat the disease, various treatments are being investigated. studies have indicated that the juice of the leaves of the carica papaya plant from the family caricaceae could help to increase the platelet levels in these patients. this review describes some of the published studies on this topic. the search w ...	24971201
acute pancreatitis complicating severe dengue.	dengue is an arthropod borne viral infection endemic in tropical and subtropical continent. severe dengue is life threatening. various atypical presentations of dengue have been documented. but we present a rare and fatal complication of severe dengue in form of acute pancreatitis. a 27-year-old male had presented with severe dengue in decompensated shock and with pain in abdomen due to pancreatitis. the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in dengue is not clearly understood, but various mechanis ...	24926168
development of assure dengue iga rapid test for the detection of anti-dengue iga from dengue infected patients.	rapid and early dengue diagnosis is essential for patient management and early disease intervention. mp diagnostics assure(®) dengue iga rapid test (dengue iga rt) was developed for the rapid detection of anti-dengue iga in patients' biological samples. the performance of dengue iga rt was examined using multiple categories of well-characterized samples.	21887054
dengue fever treatment with carica papaya leaves extracts.	the main objective of the current study is to investigate the potential of carica papaya leaves extracts against dengue fever in 45 year old patient bitten by carrier mosquitoes. for the treatment of dengue fever the extract was prepared in water. 25 ml of aqueous extract of c. papaya leaves was administered to patient infected with dengue fever twice daily i.e. morning and evening for five consecutive days. before the extract administration the blood samples from patient were analyzed. platelet ...	23569787
emergence of dengue in andaman & nicobar archipelago: eco-epidemiological perspective.		21911978
dengue: profile of hematological and biochemical dynamics.	the objective of this study was to correlate laboratory tests during the evolution of dengue fever, comparing frequencies between the different clinical forms in order to use test results to predict the severity of the disease.	23049382