Publications

vector-borne disease, cities, and climate change.		27737979
a search for mosquito larvicidal compounds by blocking the sterol carrying protein, aescp-2, through computational screening and docking strategies.	sterol is a very vital compound for most of the insects and mosquitoes to complete their life cycle. unfortunately mosquitoes cannot synthesize the sterol, it depends on mammals for the same. mosquitoes take the sterol from the plant decays during their larval stage in the form of phytosterol, which is then converted to cholesterol for further growth and reproduction. this conversion occurs with the help of the sterol carrier protein 2(scp2).	21808576
mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil.	this study aimed to verify the diversity of culicidae species and their frequency of infection with flaviviruses and alphaviruses in cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil. mosquitoes were captured with nasci aspirators and hand net in 200 census tracts, identified alive at species level and pooled in one-20 (11,090 mosquitoes, 14 species). female pools (n = 610) were subjected to multiplex seminested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for 11 flavivirus and five alphavirus. p ...	26784852
is transfusion-transmitted dengue fever a potential public health threat?	dengue is an arboviruses due to single-stranded enveloped ribonucleic acid viruses, named dengue viruses (denv), that include four serotypes and are mainly transmitted via the bite of mosquitoes of the genus aedes (a. aegypti and a. albopictus). the distribution of the disease was historically limited to intertropical areas; however, during the last thirty years, the perimeter of the disease extended considerably and temperate areas are now at risk of outbreaks. the present global burden of deng ...	25964876
advances and controversies in yellow fever vaccination.	ever since its development in 1937, the live-attenuated 17d yellow fever (yf) vaccine has been one of the most effective vaccines available to man. in this review we highlight the major steps in the development of 17d yf vaccine. we discuss the use of neutralizing antibodies as a surrogate marker for protection, and explore the strengths and weaknesses of the current plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt), a technique developed in the 1960s that continues to be superior to every modern test ...	24757521
indigenous dengue fever, buenos aires, argentina.		18760035
thoughts around the zika virus crisis.	as a lot of reviews are available on zika virus (zikv), in this short commentary, we will focus on the recent advances and gaps in knowledge regarding our understanding of zikv infections and on the reaction to the "zikv crisis."	27832453
geographic variation in adult survival and reproductive tactics of the mosquito aedes albopictus.	climate differences across latitude can result in seasonal constraints and selection on life history characters. since aedes albopictus (skuse) invaded north america in the mid-1980s, it has spread across a range of approximately 14 degrees latitude and populations in the north experience complete adult mortality due to cold winter temperatures that are absent in the south. life table experiments were conducted to test for differences in the adult survival and reproductive schedules of ae. albop ...	18402136
emerging viral diseases.		18491811
in search of a better mosquito repellent.		18709154
survival of west nile virus-challenged southern house mosquitoes, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, in relation to environmental temperatures.	we investigated the effect of west nile virus (wnv) infection on survival in two colonies of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) originating from vero beach and gainesville, fl. mosquitoes were fed west nile virus-infected blood and checked daily for survival. exposure to wnv decreased survival among cx. p. quinquefasciatus from gainesville relative to unexposed individuals at 31° c. in contrast, exposure to wnv enhanced survival among cx. p. quinquefasciatus from vero beach ...	24820564
zika virus, french polynesia, south pacific, 2013.		24856001
public health response to aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes invading california, usa.	aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes, primary vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses, were recently detected in california, usa. the threat of potential local transmission of these viruses increases as more infected travelers arrive from affected areas. public health response has included enhanced human and mosquito surveillance, education, and intensive mosquito control.	26401891
regulation of physiological processes by micrornas in insects.	micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that function in gene regulatory processes in plants and animals by targeting sites within messenger rna. in insects, mirnas have been shown to regulate a variety of physiological processes throughout insect development, including molting, metamorphosis, oogenesis, embryogenesis, behavior and host-pathogen interactions. the roles of mirnas in the model organism, drosophila melanogaster, have been studied extensively due to the conserved nature of mirn ...	26251827
hla class ii allele polymorphism in an outbreak of chikungunya fever in middle andaman, india.	a sudden upsurge of fever cases with joint pain was observed in the outpatient department, community health centre, rangat during july-august 2010 in rangat middle andaman, india. the aetiological agent responsible for the outbreak was identified as chikungunya virus (chikv), by using rt-pcr and igm elisa. the study investigated the association of polymorphisms in the human leucocyte antigen class ii genes with susceptibility or protection against chikv. one hundred and one patients with clinica ...	23710940
next-generation sequencing in clinical virology: discovery of new viruses.	viruses are a cause of significant health problem worldwide, especially in the developing nations. due to different anthropological activities, human populations are exposed to different viral pathogens, many of which emerge as outbreaks. in such situations, discovery of novel viruses is utmost important for deciding prevention and treatment strategies. since last century, a number of different virus discovery methods, based on cell culture inoculation, sequence-independent pcr have been used fo ...	26279987
analysis of post-blood meal flight distances in mosquitoes utilizing zoo animal blood meals.	we assessed the post-blood meal flight distance of four mosquito species in a unique environment using blood meal analysis. mosquitoes were trapped at the rio grande zoo in albuquerque, nm, and the blood source of blood-engorged mosquitoes was identified. the distance from the enclosure of the animal serving as a blood source to the trap site was then determined. we found that mosquitoes captured at the zoo flew no more than 170 m with an average distance of 106.7 m after taking a blood meal. th ...	22548540
aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (howardina) cozumelensis in yucatán state, méxico, with a summary of published collection records for ae. cozumelensis.	we collected mosquito immatures from artificial containers during 2010-2011 from 26 communities, ranging in size from small rural communities to large urban centers, located in different parts of yucatán state in southeastern méxico. the arbovirus vector aedes (stegomyia) aegypti was collected from all 26 examined communities, and nine of the communities also yielded another container-inhabiting aedes mosquito: aedes (howardina) cozumelensis. the communities from which ae. cozumelensis were coll ...	23181861
urbanization and geographic expansion of zoonotic arboviral diseases: mechanisms and potential strategies for prevention.	arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) mainly infect people via direct spillover from enzootic cycles. however, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses have repeatedly initiated urban transmission cycles involving human amplification and peridomestic mosquito vectors to cause major epidemics. here, i review these urban emergences and potential strategies for their prevention and control.	23910545
modeling and biological control of mosquitoes.	models can be useful at many different levels when considering complex issues such as biological control of mosquitoes. at an early stage, exploratory models are valuable in exploring the characteristics of an ideal biological control agent and for guidance in data collection. when more data are available, models can be used to explore alternative control strategies and the likelihood of success. there are few modeling studies that explicitly consider biological control in mosquitoes; however, t ...	17853610
habitat segregation of mosquito arbovirus vectors in south florida.	oviposition traps set in rural to urban environments in three south florida counties were colonized predominantly by culex quinquefasciatus say (35.1%), aedes albopictus (skuse) (34.5%), aedes aegypti (l.) (23.8%), and culex nigripalpus theobald (6.6%) during 1 yr of monthly sampling. significant differences were detected among counties for abundances of cx. quinquefasciatus and for percentage composition of that species and ae. albopictus. aerial images of habitats around each collection site w ...	17162945
antiviral natural products and herbal medicines.	viral infections play an important role in human diseases, and recent outbreaks in the advent of globalization and ease of travel have underscored their prevention as a critical issue in safeguarding public health. despite the progress made in immunization and drug development, many viruses lack preventive vaccines and efficient antiviral therapies, which are often beset by the generation of viral escape mutants. thus, identifying novel antiviral drugs is of critical importance and natural produ ...	24872930
interspecific competition of a new invasive mosquito, culex coronator, and two container mosquitoes, aedes albopictus and cx. quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae), across different detritus environments.	the mosquito culex coronator (dyar and knab) (diptera: culicidae) has undergone rapid range expansion in the united states since 2003, with its historical distribution in the southwest expanding eastward to the atlantic coast. although cx. coronator nominally use small natural aquatic habitats for development, the use of containers (e.g., tires) makes it potentially important as container invasive. to determine the potential ecological effects of cx. coronator on resident container species, we c ...	24605457
history, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of zika: a systematic review.	to describe salient epidemiological characteristics of zika virus outbreaks across the world and to examine the clinical presentations, complications, and atypical manifestations related to their occurrence in recent history.	26959260
zika virus: a global threat to humanity: a comprehensive review and current developments.	at present, one of greatest concerns of medical personnel is zika virus (zikv). though it has been reported for quite a long time, its rapid emergence, new modes of transmission, and more importantly, the congenital anomalies associated with it have made the situation worse. it was first detected in 1947. after that, this infection was found in the countries of africa as well as asia. at present, interestingly it has been reported from brazil. microcephaly and intracranial calcification have bee ...	27114968
dengue in the context of "safe blood" and global epidemiology: to screen or not to screen?		22882092
virus evolution and transmission in an ever more connected world.	the frequency and global impact of infectious disease outbreaks, particularly those caused by emerging viruses, demonstrate the need for a better understanding of how spatial ecology and pathogen evolution jointly shape epidemic dynamics. advances in computational techniques and the increasing availability of genetic and geospatial data are helping to address this problem, particularly when both information sources are combined. here, we review research at the intersection of evolutionary biolog ...	26702033
genomic screening with rnai: results and challenges.	rna interference (rnai) is an effective tool for genome-scale, high-throughput analysis of gene function. in the past five years, a number of genome-scale rnai high-throughput screens (htss) have been done in both drosophila and mammalian cultured cells to study diverse biological processes, including signal transduction, cancer biology, and host cell responses to infection. results from these screens have led to the identification of new components of these processes and, importantly, have also ...	20367032
facts and ideas from anywhere.		16369660
peripheral coding of taste.	five canonical tastes, bitter, sweet, umami (amino acid), salty, and sour (acid), are detected by animals as diverse as fruit flies and humans, consistent with a near-universal drive to consume fundamental nutrients and to avoid toxins or other harmful compounds. surprisingly, despite this strong conservation of basic taste qualities between vertebrates and invertebrates, the receptors and signaling mechanisms that mediate taste in each are highly divergent. the identification over the last two ...	24607224
volatile phytochemicals as mosquito semiochemicals.	plant biochemical processes result in the release of an array of volatile chemical substances into the environment, some of which are known to play important plant fitness enhancing functions, such as attracting pollinators, thermal tolerance of photosynthesis, and defense against herbivores. cunningly, phytophagous insects have evolved mechanisms to utilize these volatiles to their own advantage, either to colonize a suitable host for feeding, reproduction and oviposition or avoid an unsuitable ...	25383131
evaluation of a stable isotope method to mark naturally-breeding larval mosquitoes for adult dispersal studies.	understanding mosquito dispersal is critically important for vector-borne disease control and prevention. mark-release-recapture methods using various marking techniques have made substantial contributions to the study of mosquito biology. however, the ability to mark naturally breeding mosquitoes noninvasively and with life-long retention has remained problematic. here, we describe a method to mark naturally breeding mosquitoes with stable isotopes. culex pipiens f. molestus mosquitoes were pro ...	22308772
dengue outbreak in key west, florida, usa, 2009.	after 3 dengue cases were acquired in key west, florida, we conducted a serosurvey to determine the scope of the outbreak. thirteen residents showed recent infection (infection rate 5%; 90% ci 2%-8%), demonstrating the reemergence of dengue in florida. increased awareness of dengue among health care providers is needed.	22257471
risk assessment for yellow fever in western and north-western provinces of zambia.	north-western and western provinces of zambia were reclassified as low-risk areas for yellow fever (yf). however, the current potential for yf transmission in these areas is unclear.	25722614
functional circadian clock genes are essential for the overwintering diapause of the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens.	the short day lengths of late summer are used to program the overwintering adult diapause (dormancy) of the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens. here, we investigated the role of clock genes in initiating this diapause and asked whether the circadian cycling of clock gene expression persists during diapause. we provide evidence that the major circadian clock genes continue to cycle throughout diapause and after diapause has been terminated. rna interference (rnai) was used to knock down the c ...	25653422
outsmarting olfaction: the next generation of mosquito repellents.		16002364
passive prophylaxis with permethrin-treated tents reduces mosquito bites among north american summer campers.	over 2 million adolescents participate in summer-camp experiences, placing themselves at risk for mosquito-borne illness. insect repellent is recommended but often not used. it is unknown whether permethrin treatment of a location, such as a campsite, provides passive prophylaxis reducing mosquito bites among all persons in the immediate vicinity.	15813141
effects of ingested vertebrate-derived factors on insect immune responses.	during the process of blood feeding insect vectors are exposed to an array of vertebrate-derived blood factors ranging from byproducts of blood meal digestion to naturally occurring products in the blood including growth hormones, cytokines and factors derived from blood-borne pathogens themselves. in this review, we examine the ability of these ingested vertebrate blood factors to alter the innate pathogen defenses of insect vectors. the ability of these factors to modify the immune responses o ...	25401083
high degree of single nucleotide polymorphisms in california culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) sensu lato.	resolution of systematic relationships among members of the culex pipiens (l.) complex has important implications for public health as well as for studies on the evolution of sibling species. currently held views contend that in california considerable genetic introgression occurs between cx. pipiens and cx. quinquefasciatus say, and as such, these taxa behave as if they are a single species. development of high throughput snp genotyping tools for the analysis of cx. pipiens complex population s ...	22493847
no evolutionary response to four generations of laboratory selection on antipredator behavior of aedes albopictus: potential implications for biotic resistance to invasion.	aedes albopictus (skuse) is an invasive container-dwelling mosquito and an important disease vector that co-occurs with the native mosquito, aedes triseriatus (say), and the predatory midge, corethrella appendiculata (grabham). larval ae. triseriatus show significantly greater antipredatory responses when compared to larval ae. albopictus in the presence of predation cues from c. appendiculata. the potential for evolution of antipredatory behavioral responses to c. appendiculata in ae. albopictu ...	19645279
emerging and re-emerging viruses in the era of globalisation.		19657478
towards a hybrid agent-based model for mosquito borne disease.	agent-based models (abm) are used to simulate the spread of infectious disease through a population. detailed human movement, demography, realistic business location networks, and in-host disease progression are available in existing abms, such as the epidemic simulation system (episims). these capabilities make possible the exploration of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical mitigation strategies used to inform the public health community. there is a similar need for the spread of mosquito bor ...	26618203
chikungunya virus as cause of febrile illness outbreak, chiapas, mexico, 2014.	since chikungunya virus (chikv) was introduced into the americas in 2013, its geographic distribution has rapidly expanded. of 119 serum samples collected in 2014 from febrile patients in southern mexico, 79% were positive for chikv or igm against chikv. sequencing results confirmed chikv strains closely related to caribbean isolates.	26488312
symbionts conferring resistance to viruses in insects.		25417905
false-negative dengue cases in roraima, brazil: an approach regarding the high number of negative results by ns1 ag kits.	serum samples from 150 ns1-negative (platelia elisa) patients presumptively diagnosed with dengue were analyzed by the taqman probed real-time reverse transcription pcr (taqman qrt-pcr) method. the qrt-pcr positive samples were tested for serotype by semi-nested rt-pcr and a qualitative immunochromatographic assay for igg and igm. molecular detection methods showed 33 (22%) positive samples out of 150 ns1-antigen negative samples. of these, 72% were collected up to day 2 after the onset of sympt ...	25229228
clinicohematological profiles of hospitalized patients with dengue in kolkata in 2012 epidemic, west bengal.	dengue usually presents itself with subclinical or mild infection to full blown dengue fever (df) to dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome (dss). in kolkata, dengue started in 1824 followed by five epidemics that occurred in 1836, 1906, 1911, 1923 and 2005. the aim of this investigation is to study the clinicohematological correlation of all patients with respect to their gender that were admitted to "kali pada chowdhury medical college and hospital" during 2012 epidemic. amon ...	25242847
assessing the risk of international spread of yellow fever virus: a mathematical analysis of an urban outbreak in asuncion, 2008.	yellow fever virus (yfv), a mosquito-borne virus endemic to tropical africa and south america, is capable of causing large urban outbreaks of human disease. with the ease of international travel, urban outbreaks could lead to the rapid spread and subsequent transmission of yfv in distant locations. we designed a stochastic metapopulation model with spatiotemporally explicit transmissibility scenarios to simulate the global spread of yfv from a single urban outbreak by infected airline travelers. ...	22302873
a case of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease in ecuador.	we report the first case of viscerotropic syndrome in ecuador. because of similarities between yellow fever and viscerotropic syndrome, the incidence of this recently described complication of vaccination with the 17d yellow fever vaccine is not known. there is a large population in south america that is considered at risk for possible reemergence of urban yellow fever. knowledge of potentially fatal complications of yellow fever vaccine should temper decisions to vaccinate populations where the ...	20348528
the deadly ebola threat in the midst of an overwhelming dengue epidemic.	the recent death tolls and morbidities associated with two deadly viral haemorrhagic fevers (vhfs), i.e., ebola and dengue, are simply shocking. by the end of august 2014, 65 672 people were afflicted with dengue fever (df) in malaysia, with 9505 from kelantan, and there were 128 reported deaths. more astounding are the death tolls associated with ebola: 3091 deaths from 6574 reported cases so far. it is not difficult to imagine the potential disaster if ebola spreads beyond africa. vhfs are cha ...	25897277
a three year retrospective study on the increasing trend in seroprevalence of dengue infection from southern odisha, india.	in odisha, several cases of dengue virus infection were detected for the first time in 2010, the importance of dengue as a serious mosquito-borne viral infection was felt only in 2011 with the reporting of many more positive cases. this retrospective three year study was done to find out the seroprevalence of dengue ig m0 antibody and to know the predominant serotype of dengue virus among the patients suspected to have dengue virus infection in a tertiary care hospital in southern odisha, india.	25579149
emerging arboviruses and public health challenges in brazil.	environmental modification by anthropogenic actions, disordered urban growth, globalization of international exchange and climate change are some factors that help the emergence and dissemination of human infectious diseases transmitted by vectors. this review discusses the recent entry of three arboviruses in brazil: chikungunya, west nile, and zika virus, focusing on the challenges for the country's public health. the brazilian population is exposed to infections caused by these three arboviru ...	27355468
climate and human health: the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases, paphos, cyprus (17-19 october 2012).		24428826
microhabitat partitioning of aedes simpsoni (diptera: culicidae).	yellow fever virus is a reemerging infection responsible for widespread, sporadic outbreaks across africa. although aedes aegypti (l.) is the most important vector globally, in east africa, epidemics may be vectored by aedes bromeliae (theobald), a member of the aedes simpsoni (theobald) species complex. the ae. simpsoni complex contains 10 subspecies, of which ae. bromeliae alone has been incriminated as a vector of yellow fever virus. however, morphological markers cannot distinguish ae. brome ...	24897852
zika. an emerging teratogenic virus.	[no abstract available].	27464857
the global distribution of yellow fever and dengue.	yellow fever has been subjected to partial control for decades, but there are signs that case numbers are now increasing globally, with the risk of local epidemic outbreaks. dengue case numbers have also increased dramatically during the past 40 years and different serotypes have invaded new geographical areas. despite the temporal changes in these closely related diseases, and their enormous public health impact, few attempts have been made to collect a comprehensive dataset of their spatial an ...	16647971
evolutionary and ecological characterization of mayaro virus strains isolated during an outbreak, venezuela, 2010.	in 2010, an outbreak of febrile illness with arthralgic manifestations was detected at la estación village, portuguesa state, venezuela. the etiologic agent was determined to be mayaro virus (mayv), a reemerging south american alphavirus. a total of 77 cases was reported and 19 were confirmed as seropositive. mayv was isolated from acute-phase serum samples from 6 symptomatic patients. we sequenced 27 complete genomes representing the full spectrum of mayv genetic diversity, which facilitated de ...	26401714
phylogeography of dengue virus serotype 4, brazil, 2010-2011.	dengue virus serotype 4 (denv-4) reemerged in roraima state, brazil, 28 years after it was last detected in the country in 1982. to study the origin and evolution of this reemergence, full-length sequences were obtained for 16 denv-4 isolates from northern (roraima, amazonas, pará states) and northeastern (bahia state) brazil during the 2010 and 2011 dengue virus seasons and for an isolate from the 1982 epidemic in roraima. spatiotemporal dynamics of denv-4 introductions in brazil were applied t ...	23092706
co-circulation of dengue and chikungunya viruses, al hudaydah, yemen, 2012.	we investigated 400 cases of dengue-like illness in persons hospitalized during an outbreak in al hudaydah, yemen, in 2012. overall, 116 dengue and 49 chikungunya cases were diagnosed. dengue virus type 2 was the predominant serotype. the co-circulation of these viruses indicates that mosquitoborne infections represent a public health threat in yemen.	25061762
reply to skalsky et al.: a microrna-like small rna from dengue virus.		25061641
small bite, big threat: the burden of vector-borne diseases.		25909072
clinical applicability of various dengue diagnostic tests in resource-limited endemic settings.	dengue is one of the most important arboviral infections caused by one of the four dengue serotypes, 1-4.	25191051
zika virus infection after travel to tahiti, december 2013.		25062427
vertical transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti collected in puerto iguazú, misiones, argentina.	a finding of vertical transmission of the den 3 virus in male specimens of aedes aegypti, collected in the 2009 fall-winter period, in puerto iguazú city, misiones, argentina, using the rt-pcr technique in a 15-specimen pool is reported. this result is analyzed within the context of the epidemiological situation of argentina's northeast border.	24626420
mosquito larvicidal properties of mirabilis jalapa (nyctaginaceae) against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti & culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae).		25366214
updating the geographical distribution and frequency of aedes albopictus in brazil with remarks regarding its range in the americas.	the geographical distribution of aedes albopictus in brazil was updated according to the data recorded across the country over the last eight years. countrywide house indexes (hi) for ae. albopictus in urban and suburban areas were described for the first time using a sample of brazilian municipalities. this mosquito is currently present in at least 59% of the brazilian municipalities and in 24 of the 27 federal units (i.e., 26 states and the federal district). in 34 brazilian municipalities, th ...	25317707
imported dengue fever in tuscany, italy, in the period 2006 to 2012.	this report focuses on epidemiological and clinical features of dengue fever (df) in tuscany (italy) between 2006 and 2012. sixty-one df cases were diagnosed, 32 of which were in the period of aedes albopictus activity. some clinical (arthralgia/myalgia, nausea/vomiting, and skin rash), laboratory (leukopenia and thrombocytopenia), and epidemiological characteristics (travel in a continent other than africa) significantly distinguished df cases from other febrile illnesses. our data stress the i ...	25155927
molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of dengue virus type-1 and 2 isolated in malaysia.	detection of different serotypes of dengue virus and provide information on origin, distribution and genotype of the virus.	26150855
re-emergence of dengue virus serotype 2 strains in the 2013 outbreak in nepal.	epidemiological interventions and mosquito control are the available measures for dengue control. the former approach uses serotype and genetic information on the circulating virus strains. dengue has been frequently reported from nepal, but this information is mostly lacking. the present study was done to generate a comprehensive clinical and virological picture of a dengue outbreak in nepal during 2013.	26905233
reemergence and autochthonous transmission of dengue virus, eastern china, 2014.	in 2014, 20 dengue cases were reported in the cities of wenzhou (5 cases) and wuhan (15 cases), china, where dengue has rarely been reported. dengue virus 1 was detected in 4 patients. although most of these cases were likely imported, epidemiologic analysis provided evidence for autochthonous transmission.	26292098
molecular detection and typing of dengue viruses from archived tissues of fatal cases by rt-pcr and sequencing: diagnostic and epidemiologic implications.	diagnosis of dengue virus (denv) infection in fatal cases is challenging because of the frequent unavailability of blood or fresh tissues. for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissues immunohistochemistry (ihc) can be used; however, it may not be as sensitive and serotyping is not possible. the application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of denv in ffpe tissues has been very limited. we evaluated ffpe autopsy tissues of 122 patients with susp ...	22302871
deadly intracranial bleed in patients with dengue fever: a series of nine patients and review of literature.	dengue fever is a global pandemic threat with increasing incidence. to date, there are no cures and the effectiveness of dengue vaccines is still uncertain. world heath organization introduced expanded dengue syndrome to include unusual presentations of dengue fever including severe neurologic complications. one of the deadly complications is intracranial hemorrhage (ich).	27365962
urban mosquito fauna in mérida city, méxico: immatures collected from containers and storm-water drains/catch basins.	we examined the species composition and temporal occurrence of immature mosquitoes in containers and storm-water drains/catch basins from november 2011 to june 2013 in mérida city, méxico. a wide range of urban settings were examined, including residential premises, vacant lots, parking lots, and streets or sidewalks with storm-water drains/catch basins. in total, 111,776 specimens of 15 species were recorded. the most commonly collected species were aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (n = 60,961) a ...	25429168
dengue: challenges for policy makers and vaccine developers.	because of the increasing incidence, geographic expansion and economic burden of dengue transmission, dengue poses major challenges to policy makers. a vaccine against dengue is urgently needed, but vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate animal model, poor understanding of correlates of successful human immunity, the fear of immune enhancement, and viral interference in tetravalent combinations. the most suitable target epitopes for vaccines, as well as the role of n ...	24781826
mayaro virus infection, amazon basin region, peru, 2010-2013.	during 2010-2013, we recruited 16 persons with confirmed mayaro virus infection in the peruvian amazon to prospectively follow clinical symptoms and serologic response over a 12-month period. mayaro virus infection caused long-term arthralgia in more than half, similar to reports of other arthritogenic alphaviruses.	24210165
aedes taeniorhynchus vectorial capacity informs a pre-emptive assessment of west nile virus establishment in galápagos.	increased connectivity with the mainland has led to the arrival of many invasive species to the galápagos islands, including novel pathogens, threatening the archipelago's unique fauna. here we consider the potential role of the mosquito aedes taeniorhynchus in maintaining the flavivirus west nile virus [wnv] should it reach the islands. we report on three components of vectorial capacity - vector competency, distributional abundance and host-feeding. in contrast to usa strains, galápagos a. tae ...	23519190
antiviral defense mechanisms in honey bees.	honey bees are significant pollinators of agricultural crops and other important plant species. high annual losses of honey bee colonies in north america and in some parts of europe have profound ecological and economic implications. colony losses have been attributed to multiple factors including rna viruses, thus understanding bee antiviral defense mechanisms may result in the development of strategies that mitigate colony losses. honey bee antiviral defense mechanisms include rna-interference ...	26273564
can horton hear the whos? the importance of scale in mosquito-borne disease.	the epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens is determined by mechanisms and interactions at different scales of biological organization, from individual-level cellular processes to community interactions between species and with the environment. most research, however, focuses on one scale or level with little integration between scales or levels within scales. understanding the interactions between levels and how they influence our perception of vector-borne pathogens is critical. here two examp ...	24724278
coi barcode versus morphological identification of culex (culex) (diptera: culicidae) species: a case study using samples from argentina and brazil.	sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) mitochondrial gene from adults of 22 culex (culex) species from argentina and brazil were employed to assess species identification and to test the usefulness of coi for barcoding using the best close match (bcm) algorithm. a pairwise kimura two-parameter distance matrix including the mean intra and interspecific distances for 71 coi barcode sequences was constructed. of the 12 coi lineages recovered in the neighbour-joining topology, five co ...	24473810
dengue vaccines: recent developments, ongoing challenges and current candidates.	dengue is among the most prevalent and important arbovirus diseases of humans. to effectively control this rapidly spreading disease, control of the vector mosquito and a safe and efficacious vaccine are critical. despite considerable efforts, the development of a successful vaccine has remained elusive. multiple factors have complicated the creation of a successful vaccine, not the least of which are the complex, immune-mediated responses against four antigenically distinct serotypes necessitat ...	23984962
the roles of mosquito and bird communities on the prevalence of west nile virus in urban wetland and residential habitats.	this study investigated the impacts of urban wetlands and their adjacent residential environments on the transmission dynamics of west nile virus (wnv) within the state of new jersey (usa). a working hypothesis was that urban wetlands decrease the local prevalence of wnv through the dilution effect from increased bird diversity, and through relative reductions in the numbers of competent avian host and mosquito species commonly associated with wnv. surveys of mosquito and bird communities were u ...	25484570
travel medicine for the extreme traveler.		17101310
larvicidal & ovicidal efficacy of pithecellobium dulce (roxb.) benth. (fabaceae) against anopheles stephensi liston & aedes aegypti linn. (diptera: culicidae).	in view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was undertaken to assess the larvicidal and ovicidal potential of the crude hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent extracts from the medicinal plant pithecellobium dulce against the mosquito vectors, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	24056567
preliminary findings on bagaza virus (flavivirus: flaviviridae) growth kinetics, transmission potential & transovarial transmission in three species of mosquitoes.	bagaza virus (bagv), a flavivirus synonymous with israel turkey meningoencephalitis virus, has been found to circulate in india. bagv has recently been held responsible for inducing febrile illness in humans and causing unusually high mortality to wild birds in spain. a study was therefore, undertaken to determine its replication kinetics in certain mosquitoes and to determine vector competence and potential of the mosquitoes to transmit bagv experimentally.	24056604
zika virus: indian perspectives.	the emergence of zika virus (ziv), a mosquito borne flavivirus like dengue (den) and chikungunya (chik), in brazil in 2014 and its spread to various countries have led to a global health emergency. aedes aegypti is the major vector for ziv. fast dissemination of this virus in different geographical areas posses a major threat especially to regions where the population lacks herd immunity against the ziv and there is abundance of aedes mosquitoes. in this review, we focus on current global scenar ...	27487998
rodents and risk in the mekong delta of vietnam: seroprevalence of selected zoonotic viruses in rodents and humans.	in the mekong delta in southern vietnam, rats are commonly traded in wet markets and sold live for food consumption. we investigated seroprevalence to selected groups of rodent-borne viruses among human populations with high levels of animal exposure and among co-located rodent populations. the indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat) was used to determine seropositivity to representative reference strains of hantaviruses (dobrava virus [dobv], seoul virus [seov]), cowpox virus, arenaviruses ( ...	25629782
evidence that implicit assumptions of 'no evolution' of disease vectors in changing environments can be violated on a rapid timescale.	projected impacts of climate change on vector-borne disease dynamics must consider many variables relevant to hosts, vectors and pathogens, including how altered environmental characteristics might affect the spatial distributions of vector species. however, many predictive models for vector distributions consider their habitat requirements to be fixed over relevant time-scales, when they may actually be capable of rapid evolutionary change and even adaptation. we examine the genetic signature o ...	25688024
assessment of arbovirus surveillance 13 years after introduction of west nile virus, united states.	before 1999, the united states had no appropriated funding for arboviral surveillance, and many states conducted no such surveillance. after emergence of west nile virus (wnv), federal funding was distributed to state and selected local health departments to build wnv surveillance systems. the council of state and territorial epidemiologists conducted assessments of surveillance capacity of resulting systems in 2004 and in 2012; the assessment in 2012 was conducted after a 61% decrease in federa ...	26079471
interspecific larval competition between aedes albopictus and aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in northern virginia.	aedes albopictus (skuse) and aedes japonicus (theobald) are two of the most recent and widespread invasive mosquito species to have become established in the united states. the two species co-occur in water-filled artificial containers, where crowding and limiting resources are likely to promote inter- or intraspecific larval competition. the performance of northern virginia populations of ae. japonicus and ae. albopictus competing as larvae under field conditions was evaluated. per capita rates ...	18714861
the burden of dengue and chikungunya worldwide: implications for the southern united states and california.	dengue virus (denv) spreads to humans through the bite of an infected aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquito and is a growing public health threat to both industrialized and developing nations worldwide. outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the united states occurred extensively in the past but over the past 3 decades have again taken place in florida, hawaii, and texas as well as in american samoa, guam, northern mariana islands, puerto rico, and the us virgin islands. as the aedes vectors ...	25960096
health economics of dengue: a systematic literature review and expert panel's assessment.	dengue vaccines are currently in development and policymakers need appropriate economic studies to determine their potential financial and public health impact. we searched five databases (pubmed, embase, lilac, econlit, and wholis) to identify health economics studies of dengue. forty-three manuscripts were identified that provided primary data: 32 report economic burden of dengue and nine are comparative economic analyses assessing various interventions. the remaining two were a willingness-to ...	21363989
regulation of cell survival and death during flavivirus infections.	flaviviruses, ss(+) rna viruses, include many of mankind's most important pathogens. their pathogenicity derives from their ability to infect many types of cells including neurons, to replicate, and eventually to kill the cells. flaviviruses can activate tumor necrosis factor α and both intrinsic (bax-mediated) and extrinsic pathways to apoptosis. thus they can use many approaches for activating these pathways. infection can lead to necrosis if viral load is extremely high or to other types of c ...	24921001
serratia odorifera mediated enhancement in susceptibility of aedes aegypti for chikungunya virus.	the susceptibility of the mosquito to the invading pathogen is predominantly dictated by the complex interactions between the mosquito midgut and the surface proteins of the invading pathogen. it is well documented that the midgut microbiota plays an important role in determining the susceptibility of the mosquito to the pathogen. in the present study, we investigated the influence of serratia odorifera, an endogenous cultivable midgut inhabitant of aedes aegypti on the chikungunya virus (chikv) ...	25027087
larvicidal efficacy of ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant juniperus procera essential oil against afrotropical malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae).	to screen the essential oil of juniperus procera (j. procera) (cupressaceae) for larvicidal activity against late third instar larvae of anopheles arabiensis (an. arabiensis) patton, the principle malaria vector in ethiopia.	25183156
economic value of dengue vaccine in thailand.	with several candidate dengue vaccines under development, this is an important time to help stakeholders (e.g., policy makers, scientists, clinicians, and manufacturers) better understand the potential economic value (cost-effectiveness) of a dengue vaccine, especially while vaccine characteristics and strategies might be readily altered. we developed a decision analytic markov simulation model to evaluate the potential health and economic value of administering a dengue vaccine to an individual ...	21540387
neurological infections in the returning international traveler.	clinicians may encounter international travelers returning with exotic infections, emerging infectious diseases, or resurgent old-world infections. many of these infectious diseases can affect the nervous system directly or indirectly. the contemporary neurologist should therefore be cognizant of the clinical manifestations, potential complications, and appropriate management of common travel-related infections. this chapter focuses on five important infections that affect the central nervous sy ...	25147444
dengue antibody prevalence in german travelers.	we studied 2,259 german citizens after they returned from dengue-endemic countries from 1996 to 2004. serotype-specific dengue antibodies indicated acute infections in 51 (4.7%) travelers with recent fever and 13 (1.1%) travelers with no recent fever, depending largely on destination and epidemic activity in the countries visited.	15890135
the tortoise or the hare? impacts of within-host dynamics on transmission success of arthropod-borne viruses.	arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are maintained in a cycle of alternating transmission between vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. arboviruses possess rna genomes capable of rapid diversification and adaptation, and the between-host trade-offs inherent to host alternation impose well-documented constraints on arbovirus evolution. here, we investigate the less well-studied within-host trade-offs that shape arbovirus replication dynamics and transmission. arboviruses generally establish l ...	26150665
outbreak of dengue virus serotype-2 (denv-2) of cambodian origin in manipur, india - association with meteorological factors.	dengue is a major health problem in many parts of india and its neighbouring countries. dengue cases have not been reported from manipur, a northeastern state of india till 2007. but, the sudden outbreak of fever with febrile illness during 2007 and 2008, suspected to be dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever was investigated to detect the causative agent. potential impact of climatic variables on dengue transmission has been documented and hence the association between climatic factors, entomological ...	23168706
the new health threats of exotic and global travel.		23265199
mosquito biting activity on humans & detection of plasmodium falciparum infection in anopheles stephensi in goa, india.	knowledge of the bionomics of mosquitoes, especially of disease vectors, is essential to plan appropriate vector avoidance and control strategies. information on biting activity of vectors during the night hours in different seasons is important for choosing personal protection measures. this study was carried out to find out the composition of mosquito fauna biting on humans and seasonal biting trends in goa, india.	22382193