Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [modern achievements in the molecular epidemiology of cholera]. | 1996 | 9103085 | |
| [the determination of the content of the cholera toxin gene in the composition of the dna from vibrio cholerae strains by means of the nested polymerase chain reaction]. | the possibility of detecting cholera toxin genes in v.cholerae enterotoxigenic strains by the method of "nested" polymerase chain reaction with the use of primers on the dna area of operon ctx of ab genes. the possibility of the detection of several v.cholerae cells by this method was shown with the use of a series of bacterial lysate dilutions. the newly developed test system for the detection of cholera toxin gene on the basis of the analysis of bacterial lysates of v.cholerae nontoxigenic str ... | 1996 | 9082720 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae 01, isolated in the ukraine in 1994]. | one thousand and four hundred strains of v. cholerae 01 isolated in 1994 in the ukraine were studied with respect to their antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. the study showed that it was possible not only to estimate the present tendencies in and the regularities of the change in their character but also to presuppose the probable circulation and incidence of the microbe based on the differences in the susceptibility, frequency and resistance pattern of the strains of v. cholerae 01 isola ... | 1996 | 9054324 |
| [dynamics of changes in antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae 01, isolated from environmental objects]. | the analysis of the dynamics of the antibiotic susceptibility of 442 strains of v. cholerae 01 isolated within 1986-1994 from the environment showed that the susceptibility level was different. strains of v. cholerae 01 with high susceptibility to tetracyclines, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampicin and cefazolin and with moderate susceptibility to monomycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and levomycetin (chloramphenicol) were detected as well as the strains resistant to streptomycin and p ... | 1996 | 9054325 |
| multidrug resistance in vibrio cholerae. | 1996 | 9057408 | |
| phenotypic expression of a mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin by a vibrio cholerae o1 e1tor strain and evaluation of its role in intestinal adherence and colonization. | a vibrio cholerae o1 strain (1150) of the eit or biotype and ogawa serotype with haemagglutination (ha) activity was subjected to tnphoa mutagenesis. out of several mutants isolated, one ha- and another ha+ mutant were further characterised. the ha- mutant showed about 50% reduction in its intestinal adherence capacity in vitro and about 9-fold decrease of its colonisation ability in vivo, as compared to the wild-type strain. subsequent studies showed that the ha activity of strain 1150 was medi ... | 1996 | 9026451 |
| [150 years of discussions on the reservoir of the causative agent of cholera and the mechanisms of human infection]. | 1996 | 9027160 | |
| [the variability of the biological characteristics of vibrio cholerae isolated from environmental objects]. | the study of the biological characteristics used for the identification of the species, biovar and serovar of v.cholerae o1 isolated from environmental objects on the territory of 8 regions of ukraine for the period of 1974-1993 revealed the tendency towards an increase in the number of altered cultures. phage sensitivity (60.7%) and capacity for agglutination with cholera species- and type-specific sera (24.6%) proved to be the most variable properties. resistance to polymyxin (4.8%), the absen ... | 1996 | 9027168 |
| [a dna analysis of vibrio cholerae strains by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the method for the analysis of cholera toxin gene in v. cholerae strains was developed on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). this specific and highly sensitive method using primers affecting the site of the dna of the operon of cholera toxin gene made it possible to identify one copy of v. cholerae genome. for the first time the content of cholera toxin gene in 4 v. cholerae (eltor) strains, obtained from the clinical material of cholera patients in tajikistan and dagestan, was shown ... | 1996 | 9027173 |
| cholera associated with acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis: a case report. | while cholera is not endemic in taiwan, the number of imported cases is increasing. we report a 59-year-old taiwanese male who developed severe diarrhea and vomiting, two days after returning from bali. the patient admitted drinking a beverage with ice purchased from a street vendor. on admission he was weak and dehydrated. the patient suffered from hypovolemic shock and acute renal failure. elevated creatine phosphokinase indicated rhabdomyolysis. fluid replacement with ringer's lactate solutio ... | 1996 | 9041770 |
| epidemiology and transmission of v. cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139 infections in delhi in 1993. | in 1993, rectal swabs from clinically suspected cases of cholera admitted to the infectious diseases hospital (idh), delhi were examined for vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. epidemiological data of 396 cholera cases were collected before the patients' discharge from idh. of the 1528 laboratory-confirmed cholera cases, 46% and 54% were caused by serotype o1 and o139 respectively. both serotypes appeared and disappeared simultaneously, and peaked during the same time of the year. however, the two sero ... | 1996 | 9019011 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 in the subcontinent. | 1996 | 9019018 | |
| tagging a vibrio cholerae el tor candidate vaccine strain by disruption of its hemagglutinin/protease gene using a novel reporter enzyme: clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase a. | the cela gene encoding clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase a was expressed in vibrio cholerae on its own promoter and used to tag a candidate el tor biotype cholera vaccine strain. colonies of the tagged strain could be unequivocally distinguished by overlaying them with cm-cellulose indicator agar and congo red staining. expression of cela did not affect growth of v. cholerae in vitro and in vivo. the cela gene was inserted in the chromosomal hap locus encoding v. cholerae hemagglutinin/prot ... | 1996 | 9014293 |
| [mechanisms of resistance to quinolones and current level of sensitivity of clinically important microorganisms to ofloxacin]. | the data on the mechanisms of microbial resistance to fluoroquinolones are presented. comparison of the susceptibility levels of the microorganisms isolated on the territory of russia showed that among the gram-negative opportunistic isolates 84 per cent was susceptible to ofloxacin, 45 per cent to ampicillin/sulbactam, 70 per cent to cefotaxime, 80 per cent to ceftazidime, 85 per cent to amikacin and 62 per cent to gentamicin. among the salmonella, shigella and vibrio cholerae isolates no strai ... | 1996 | 9005782 |
| unexpected carbohydrate cross-binding by escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. recognition of human and rabbit target cell glycoconjugates in comparison with cholera toxin. | the bacterial protein enterotoxins, cholera toxin (ct) of vibrio cholerae and heat-labile toxin (lt) of escherichia coli, induce diarrhea by enhancing the secretory activity of the small intestine of man and rabbit (animal model). this physiological effect is mediated by toxin binding to a glycolipid receptor, the ganglioside gm1, gal beta 3galnac beta 4(neuac alpha 3)gal beta 4glc beta 1cer. however, lt, but not ct, was recently shown by us to bind also to paragloboside, gal beta 4glcnac beta 3 ... | 1996 | 9007276 |
| [isolation and incidence of vibrio cholerae from river water]. | the prevalence of vibrio cholerae contamination in river water derived from 20 sites of 18 rivers in kanagawa, japan, was investigated during a period from july to september, 1987, and from one of the 20 sites in august, 1988 and in february, 1989, v. cholerae non-o1 was found in all samples at concentrations of 0.9-->1,400 mpn/100 ml. higher amounts of the organism were observed in the samples from estuaries. v. cholerae o1 was detected in samples collected in august, 1988 and in february, 1989 ... | 1996 | 9011116 |
| [rapid detection of the hemolysin genes in aeromonas sobria by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the hemolysin of aeromonas sobria is one of the important virulence factors in this organism. rapid detection and identification test for a. sobria is important for early and specific diagnosis of this infectious disease. we evaluated the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the rapid detection of a. sobria. two pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers (asa1-s and a; aeraas-s and a) were used in pcr technique to detect the different hemolysin genes (asa1 and aeraas) in a. sobria. the pcr identi ... | 1996 | 9011120 |
| characterization of the adaptive response to ionizing radiation induced by low doses of x-rays to vibrio cholerae cells. | pretreatment with sublethal doses of x-rays induced an adaptive response in vibrio cholerae cells as indicated by their greater resistance to the subsequent challenging doses of x-irradiation. the adaptive response was maximum following a pre-exposure dose of 1.7 gy x-rays and an optimum incubation period of 40 min at 37 degrees c. pre-exposure to a sublethal dose of 1.7 gy x-rays made the vibrio cholerae cells 3.38-fold more resistant to the subsequent challenge by x-rays. pretreatment with a s ... | 1996 | 9003538 |
| intestinal and systemic immune responses in humans after oral immunization with a bivalent b subunit-o1/o139 whole cell cholera vaccine. | there is a need for an effective vaccine that can protect against cholera caused by either vibrio cholerae o1 or by the new pandemic serotype o139 bengal. an oral bivalent b subunit-o1/o139 whole cell (b-o1/o139 wc) cholera vaccine has been prepared by adding formalin-killed o139 vibrios to the recently licensed oral recombinant b-o1 wc vaccine. when tested in swedish volunteers, this b-o1/o139 wc vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic. two vaccine doses given 2 weeks apart induced statist ... | 1996 | 8994322 |
| [comparative study of the synthesis and specificity of enterotoxin from vibrio cholerae o139 serotype using monoclonal antibodies]. | strains of v. cholerae serovar 0139 showed a higher intensity of multiplication and lesser nutritive requirements and produced 2-5 times higher amounts of enterotoxin during in-depth culturing than cholera vibrios of groups o1 and non-o1. r-forms of v. cholerae were characterized by the highest production of toxin. dot-immunoanalysis and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the identity of cholera toxin and enterotoxin of v. cholerae serovar o139. the authors come to a conclusi ... | 1996 | 8999316 |
| [ultrastructural changes in the interstitial cells of the kidney medullary substance in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera]. | a culture of virulent selection of cholera vibrios l-top 5879 was introduced through the probe to suckling rabbits-pups 10 to 12 days old. ultrastructural changes of interstitial cells and capillaries of kidney medulla were studied. during vibrio adhesion (4 hrs after the inaction) interstitial cells acquire dystrophic changes, lipid granules content reduces, while vascular permeability grows higher which suggests the presence of prostaglandin precursors elimination into blood flow. cholera deve ... | 1996 | 8983487 |
| tcbs for the isolation of vibrio cholerae. | 1996 | 8987412 | |
| purification and characterization of n-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase with activity against n-acetylglucosamine from vibrio cholerae non-o1. | an enzyme that deacetylates n-acetylglucosamine to glucosamine from vibrio cholerae non-o1 was purified to homogeneity by sequential procedures. the native enzyme had a molecular mass of 190,000 da and was predicted to be composed of four identical subunits with molecular masses of 45,000 da. the purified enzyme hydrolyzed n-acetylglucosamine, n-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate, and n-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate, but not chitin oligosaccharides, and n-acetylgalactosamine. the deacetylase activity w ... | 1996 | 8987551 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae o139 from the drinking water supply during an epidemic of cholera. | in mid-1994, the public water supply was investigated in a medium-sized town in south india during an epidemic of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139. vibrio cholerae o139 was isolated from the public water supply including one of the wells supplying the town, the central overhead tank, and domestic taps connected to the public supply. following chlorination, the organism was no longer isolated from the water supply and the epidemic subsided. this demonstration of v. cholerae o139 in the drinkin ... | 1996 | 8980601 |
| an n-[(r)-(-)-2-hydroxypropionyl]-alpha-l-perosamine homopolymer constitutes the o polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae o144 which has antigenic factor(s) in common with v. cholerae o76. | chemical and serological studies were performed with the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from vibrio cholerae o144 (o144). the lps of o144 contained d-glucose, d-galactose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, d-fructose, d-quinovosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-d-gluco-pyranose) and l-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-l-manno-pyranose). the perosamine, a major component sugar of the lps from o144, was in an l-configuration, as is also the case in the lps from v. cholerae o76 (o76), in contrast to the d-configuration ... | 1996 | 8981346 |
| [the first case of vibrio cholerae 0139 in denmark]. | we report the first case of v. cholerae o139 in denmark. in 1994, a 61-year-old vietnamese woman was admitted to aalborg hospital, denmark due to severe diarrhoea. the diagnosis was confirmed by biochemical characterization and agglutination in o139 antiserum of a strain isolated from a stool specimen. the woman had stayed in denmark after family reunion for nine months and had not travelled outside the country. she had not eaten any foods imported from southeast asia. the v. cholerae o139 isola ... | 1996 | 8848850 |
| synthesis of the methyl alpha-glycosides of a di-, tri-, and a tetra-saccharide fragment mimicking the terminus of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa. | methyl 4-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6-dideoxy-2-o-methyl-alpha-d- mannopyranoside was acetylated, and the fully protected methyl glycoside was treated with dichloromethyl methyl ether-zncl2 (dcmme-zncl2) reagent to give 3-o-acetyl-4-(2,4-di-o-acetyl-3- deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6-dideoxy-2-o-methyl-alpha-d-mannop yranosyl chloride (3). condensation of 3 with methyl 3-o-acetyl-4-(2,4-di-o-acetyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6- dideoxy-alpha-d-mannopyranoside (4) gave the fully ace ... | 1996 | 8839176 |
| [origin of the pathogenic vibrios in the environment: inference from the studies on the molecular genetics of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | 1996 | 8840813 | |
| vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease) causes morphological changes in cultured epithelial cells and perturbs their paracellular barrier function. | in this report, we describe the cytotoxic activity of the cholera hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease). a concentrated protein sample from the 37 degrees c overnight culture supernatant of cvd110, a delta ctxa, delta zot, delta ace and hlya::(ctxb mer) mutant of el tor biotype ogawa serotype strain e7946 caused morphological changes in cultured mdck-i epithelial cells and altered their arrangement of filamentous actin (f-actin) and zonula occludens-associated protein zo-1. the drastic morphologi ... | 1996 | 8844654 |
| overlaps and parallels in the regulation of intrinsic multiple-antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli. | chromosomally encoded systems present in a variety of bacteria appear to play a central role in determining the intrinsic level of resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. work with the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli has shown that there is significant similarity at the amino acid sequence level among the structural components of these resistance systems as well as among their genetic regulators. this review describes two of the better-studied regulatory systems, marrab and soxrs, ... | 1996 | 8866468 |
| detection of immunoglobulins on bacterial surface by laser flow cytometry: analysis between haemophilus influenzae type b and vibrio cholerae o1 of healthy mother-full term newborn sera. | the identification of human igg immunoglobulins on the surface of vibrio cholerae o1, and haemophilus influenzae type b microorganisms was assessed via a flow cytometric technique. a group of 31 healthy mother-full term newborn duo sera from a non-endemic cholera area was assayed. the sera of mothers and full-term newborns against both microorganisms were compared. the mean fluorescent intensity of the samples was not different at the 0.05 significance level by paired t-test. on the other hand, ... | 1996 | 8867370 |
| virulence-associated characteristics and phage lysogenicity of two morphologically distinct colonies of vibrio cholerae o139 serogroup. | the presence of a temperate phage was demonstrated in a strain of vibrio cholerae o139 isolated from a patient. spontaneous variants with translucent colonies had lost this phage. the loss of the phage was associated with increased hydrophobicity, indicating the loss of the capsule. these clones were sensitive to serum bactericidal activity, showed decreased expression of such presumed virulence factors as proteases, motility and mannose-sensitive pili. furthermore, excision of the phage made th ... | 1996 | 8869501 |
| resuscitation of vibrio cholerae o1 strain tsi-4 from a viable but nonculturable state by heat shock. | vibrio cholerae strain tsi-4 was incubated in an m9 salt solution at 15 degrees c for more than 100 days. the plate counts showed no viable cells on day 30, but a broth culture from that day showed the growth of bacteria. however, after 35 days the bacteria entered the nonculturable state, based on the assessment of both the plate counts and broth culture. a portion of the culture was heated at 45 degrees c for 1 min in a water bath and subsequently plated onto a nutrient agar plate. more than 1 ... | 1996 | 8869503 |
| unusual occurrence of cholera in delhi during january 1994: epidemiological investigations. | hundreds of laboratory-confirmed cholera cases occur every year in delhi. however from 1965 through 1993, no cases of cholera nor carriers of vibrio cholerae have been detected in the months january and february of all these years. nevertheless, two cases occurred in january 1994. both were children who acquired their infection locally. six hundred fifty-eight rectal swabs collected from possible contacts were negative for v. cholerae. the next isolations could be made only in april, which is th ... | 1996 | 8870404 |
| lysophospholipase l2 of vibrio cholerae o1 affects cholera toxin production. | the implication in cholera toxin (ct) production of the newly identified gene, lypa, that encodes the lysophospholipase l2 of vibrio cholerae, was investigated. introduction of lypa into the v. cholerae o1 mutant (nf404), which has a tn5-insertion in lypa and has lost ct as well as haemolysin production, restored the lysophospholipase activity and ct production but not the haemolytic activity. inactivation of the lypa gene of the wild-type strain by chromosomal integration of a plasmid containin ... | 1996 | 8871110 |
| emerging foodborne pathogens: escherichia coli o157:h7 as a model of entry of a new pathogen into the food supply of the developed world. | there would appear to be little argument that the large outbreaks of e. coli o157:h7 which have occurred since the early 1980s represent a distinct, new phenomenon. the number of reported cases have increased dramatically, starting from zero in 1981; however, it is also clear that this increase in reported cases is in part an artifact of improved surveillance and reporting. available data suggest that e. coli o157:h7 infections were present prior to 1982, although numbers appear to have been sma ... | 1996 | 8877329 |
| thomsen-friedenreich-related carbohydrate antigens in normal adult human tissues: a systematic and comparative study. | a broad variety of normal human tissues were examined for the expression of thomsen-friedenreich (tf)-related histo-blood group antigens, tf (gal beta 1-3galnac alpha 1-r), tn (tf precursor, galnac alpha 1-r), sialosyl-tn (neuac alpha 2-6galnac alpha 1-r), considered to be useful in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy, and sialosyl-tf, the cryptic form of tf. these antigens or, more correctly, glycotopes, were determined by immunohistochemistry with at least two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) each ... | 1996 | 8877380 |
| cloning and detection of the hemolysin gene of vibrio anguillarum. | a 5 kb dna fragment encoding a hemolysin was cloned from the fish pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum using the cosmid vector charomid9-36. an open reading frame of the hemolysin gene (vah1) was 2253 bp and corresponded to a protein of 751 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence of the vah1 gene and the previously reported vibrio cholerae ei tor hemolysin, v. vulnificus cytolysin-hemolysin, aeromonas hydrophila ahh1 hemolysin, and a. salmonicida ash4 hemolysin showed a significa ... | 1996 | 8878014 |
| electrophoretic mobility and immune response of outer membrane proteins of vibrio cholerae o139. | the outer membrane (om) protein components of a vibrio cholerae o1 and four v. cholerae o139 strains, collected from cholera patients, were analysed by sds-page. a protein of 69 kda molecular mass was observed only when the omps were prepared from strains grown in synthetic broth. as a result of passage in the rabbit ileal loop (ril), virulence was enhanced, and a protein component around 18 kda of the v. cholerae o139 om became the major protein component. on immunoblot analysis with rabbit ant ... | 1996 | 8880140 |
| survival of vibrio cholerae o1 on plastic materials. | survival of environmental and clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o1 was studied on glass and on two varieties of plastic materials. v. cholerae survived at least 2 days on glass, but was not recovered from polystyrene spoons after 15-20 min. escherichia coli survived for at least 2 days on both glass slides and plastic spoons. extracts, 10 and 50% (w/v) of ground plastic spoons in isotonic saline water, inactivated 10(4) vibrios in less than 2 h. isotonic saline water rinses from polyethylene b ... | 1996 | 8880308 |
| temporal shifts in traits of vibrio cholerae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in calcutta: a 3-year (1993 to 1995) analysis. | this study presents results of a surveillance on cholera conducted with hospitalized patients admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta, india, from january 1993 to december 1995. the o139 serogroup of vibrio cholerae dominated in 1993 but was replaced by o1 as the dominant serogroup in 1994 and 1995. the isolation rate of v. cholerae non-o1 non-o139 did not exceed 4.9% throughout the study period, while the isolation rate of the o139 serogroup in 1994 and 1995 was below 9%. no temp ... | 1996 | 8880516 |
| clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility and toxin production in vibrio cholerae o139 infection: comparison with v. cholerae o1 infection. | we prospectively compared the clinical features of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139 in 242 men 18-60 years of age, with a history of diarrhoea of 24 h or less, and moderate or severe dehydration. the antimicrobial susceptibility of all of the v. cholerae strains isolated from these patients was determined, and in vitro cholera toxin production determined for 68 isolates. on admission, the 110 patients infected with v. cholerae o1 significantly more often had body temperatur ... | 1996 | 8882188 |
| motility mutants of vibrio cholerae o1 have reduced adherence in vitro to human small intestinal epithelial cells as demonstrated by elisa. | vibrio cholerae must colonize the human small intestine to cause diarrhoeal disease. v.cholerae strains n16961 (ei tor, inaba) and 395 (classical, ogawa) adhered to the epithelial cell surface and the mucus layer of isolated human small intestinal epithelial cells. they adhered specifically to the mucosa and apical membrane in thin sections of small intestine. no binding to the basolateral membrane of dissected epithelial tissue or to intracellular components of the epithelial cells was observed ... | 1996 | 8885392 |
| the o polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae o76 is a homopolymer of n-[(s)-(+)-2-hydroxypropionyl]-alpha-l-perosamine. | chemical and serological studies of lps from vibrio cholerae o76 (o76) were performed. the lps of o76 contained d-glucose, d-galactose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, d-fructose, d-glucosamine, d-quinovosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose) and l-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-l-mannopyranose). the sugar composition of the lps from o76 was quite similar to that of lps from v. cholerae o1 with the exception of the presence of a small amount of d-galactose in the lps of o76. however, perosamine, a m ... | 1996 | 8885404 |
| resurgence of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal with altered antibiogram in calcutta, india. | 1996 | 8888210 | |
| cloning and genetic analysis of the vibrio cholerae aminopeptidase gene. | the structural gene for the vibrio cholerae leucine aminopeptidase (lap) was cloned and sequenced. the cloned dna fragment contained a 1,503-bp open reading frame potentially encoding a 501-amino-acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 54,442 da. the deduced amino acid sequence of the entire protein showed high homology with the sequence of vibrio proteolyticus leucine aminopeptidase. the residues potentially involved in binding the zinc ions were completely conserved in the v. chol ... | 1996 | 8890197 |
| in vitro proteolytic processing and activation of the recombinant precursor of el tor cytolysin/hemolysin (pro-hlya) of vibrio cholerae by soluble hemagglutinin/protease of v. cholerae, trypsin, and other proteases. | vibrio cholerae produces a cytolytic toxin named el tor cytolysin/hemolysin which is encoded by the hlya gene. this cytolysin is produced as a 79-kda precursor form (pro-hlya) into the culture supernatant after cleavage of the signal peptide of the hlya product (prepro-hlya). the pro-hlya is then processed to a 65-kda mature cytolysin (mature hlya) after cleavage of the 15-kda n-terminal peptide (pro region) of the 79-kda precursor, usually at the bond between ala-157 and asn-158. we investigate ... | 1996 | 8890221 |
| role of the escherichia coli o157:h7 o side chain in adherence and analysis of an rfb locus. | shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli strains belonging to serotype o157 are important human pathogens, but the genetic basis of expression of the o157 antigen and the role played by the lipopolysaccharide o side chain in the adherence of this organism to epithelial cells are not understood. we performed tnphoa mutagenesis on e. coli o157:h7 strain 86-24 to identify a mutant (strain f12) deficient in o-antigen expression. nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that the transposon inserted within a ... | 1996 | 8890241 |
| immunocytochemical localization of 60-kda heat shock protein in vibrio cholerae. | the immunocytochemical localization of the 60-kda heat shock protein (hsp) in vibrio cholerae strain 569b was studied by transmission electron microscopy using a combination with the antigen-specific monoclonal antibody (5c3) and immunogold labelling. the labelling with gold particles in v. cholerae detected 2 types; the gold particles were exclusively detected in the cytoplasm for one type and in the periplasmic space for another type, suggesting that the 60-kda hsp of v. cholerae corresponding ... | 1996 | 8899969 |
| vibrio cholerae 01 in fish tank water. | 1996 | 8901258 | |
| the evolution and maintenance of virulence in microparasites. | in recent years, population and evolutionary biologists have questioned the traditional view that parasite-mediated morbidity and mortality¿virulence¿is a primitive character and an artifact of recent associations between parasites and their hosts. a number of hypotheses have been proposed that favor virulence and suggest that it will be maintained by natural selection. according to some of these hypotheses, the pathogenicity of hiv, vibrio cholerae, mycobacterium tuberculosis,theshigella,as wel ... | 1996 | 8903208 |
| cholera: foodborne transmission and its prevention. | the last several years have witnessed a tremendous increase in reported cholera cases across the globe. the explosive arrival of the seventh cholera pandemic in latin american in 1991, dramatic epidemics of cholera on the indian subcontinent and in southeast asia due to the newly recognized vibrio cholerae o139 strain, and the often deadly presence of cholera among populations affected by political and social upheaval in africa and eastern europe are evidence that many countries have failed to a ... | 1996 | 8905306 |
| lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli k12 strains that express cloned genes for the ogawa and inaba antigens of vibrio cholerae o1: identification of o-antigenic factors. | structural and serological studies were performed with the lipopolysaccharide (lps) expressed by escherichia coli k12 strains no. 30 and no. 64, into which cosmid clones derived from vibrio cholerae o1 nih 41 (ogawa) and nih 35a3 (inaba) had been introduced, respectively. the two recombinant strains, no. 30 (ogawa) and no. 64 (inaba), produced lps that included, in common, the o-polysaccharide chain composed of an alpha (1-->2)-linked n-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronyl)-d-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dide ... | 1996 | 8908606 |
| serum antibacterial and antitoxin responses in clinical cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o139 bengal and evaluation of their importance in protection. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal strain was the causative agent of the recent epidemics of cholera in india and bangladesh. we studied antibacterial and antitoxin immune responses in acute and convalescent phase paired sera collected from seven of these cholera patients. significant rise in the levels of both antibacterial and antitoxin antibodies was demonstrable in the sera of convalescent cholera patients. antibacterial antibodies, directed primarily against o139 lipopolysaccharides (lps), belonge ... | 1996 | 8911010 |
| efficacy of octreotide in diarrhoea due to vibrio cholerae: a randomized, controlled trial. | although octreotide, a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, is currently used in the treatment of chronic secretory diarrhoea due to various causes, its role in the management of acute secretory diarrhoea is not well established. in the present study, therefore, the therapeutic value of octreotide in the management of cholera, a classical example of acute secretory diarrhoea, was investigated. during an outbreak of cholera, patients admitted with acute secretory diarrhoea of < or = 24 h duratio ... | 1996 | 8915127 |
| cloning and characterization of dnae, encoding the catalytic subunit of replicative dna polymerase iii, from vibrio cholerae strain c6706. | we report that vibrio cholerae (vc) contains a gene homologous to escherichia coli dnae, the structural gene for the alpha (catalytic) subunit of replicative dna polymerase iii (poliii). despite 24% amino acid (aa) differences in the encoded proteins, the vc gene strongly complements an e. coli dnae temperature sensitive (ts) mutant, indicating that all functional features essential for replication are conserved. | 1996 | 8917113 |
| dimerisation of the glycophorin a transmembrane segment in membranes probed with the toxr transcription activator. | specific interactions between membrane spanning polypeptide segments are important for folding and oligomerisation of integral membrane proteins. previously the dimerisation of glycophorin a has been shown to depend on interactions between its transmembrane segment by studying chimeric proteins in detergent solution. here, we examined dimerisation of the glycophorin a transmembrane segment in a natural membrane employing the toxr transcription activator from vibrio cholerae. the toxr protein is ... | 1996 | 8918935 |
| comparative effectiveness of co-trimoxazole and tetracycline in the treatment of cholera. | the purpose of the study reported here was to compare the bactericidal effectiveness of tetracycline and co-trimoxazole (a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) in treating cholera. the study, an open-ended random trial using adult patients with cholera cases confirmed by stool culture, was carried out in march 1993 at the cholera treatment unit (ctu) of the hospital de apoyo departmental maría auxiliadora in lima, peru. a total of 107 subjects were divided into two groups (a and b). ... | 1996 | 8919724 |
| vibrio mimicus diarrhea following ingestion of raw turtle eggs. | clinical and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea associated with vibrio mimicus were identified in 33 hospitalized patients referred to the costa rican national diagnostic laboratory network between 1991 and 1994. the relevant symptoms presented by patients included abundant watery diarrhea, vomiting, and severe dehydration that required intravenous dhaka solution in 83% of patients but not fever. seroconversion against v. mimicus was demonstrated in four patients, from whom acute- and c ... | 1996 | 8919774 |
| versatile cosmid vectors for facilitated analysis and subcloning of the insert. | a series of cosmid vectors, termed pssvi215, pssvi216-1, pssvi216-2, pssvi217, and pssvi218, were constructed in order to facilitate the downstream processing of large inserts. each vector has dual cos sites as well as a kanamycin resistance (kmr) gene flanked by recognition sites for the very rare cutter i-scei meganuclease as well as symmetrical noti and swai sites (scekan cassette). several unique cloning sites, including bamhi, are present on one side of the cassette between the i-scei and n ... | 1996 | 8921890 |
| absence of periplasmic dsba oxidoreductase facilitates export of cysteine-containing passenger proteins to the escherichia coli cell surface via the iga beta autotransporter pathway. | the iga beta autotransporter function of iga1 protease from neisseria gonorrhoeae was assessed in escherichia coli using the vibrio cholerae toxin b subunit (ctxb) as a heterologous passenger. n-terminal fusions with iga beta of native ctxb or mutant ctxb protein containing no cysteines were constructed and analysed in isogenic e. coli mutants carrying defects in either or both the ompt (outer membrane protease t) and dsba (periplasmic disulfide oxidoreductase) determinants. while export of the ... | 1996 | 8921899 |
| identification of an immunodominant t cell epitope on cholera toxin. | cholera toxin (ct), the enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae, is a potent mucosal immunogen as well as a strong mucosal adjuvant to related and unrelated antigens. the mucosal immune response to ct is t cell dependent and mhc class ii restricted. the epitopes on ct recognized by t cells have not been identified. the purpose of this study was to determine the fine specificity of t cell recognition of both the ct a subunit (ct-a) and the ct b subunit (ct-b) by using a range of synthetic peptides. after ... | 1996 | 8921943 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae eit or typing phage d10. | the vibrio cholerae eitor typing phage d10 was characterized. the adsorption kinetics of the phage on v. cholerae mak757 strain were biphasic in nature. intracellular growth was characterized by an eclipse period, latent period and burst size which were 20 min, 25 min and 80 particles per cell respectively. the phage yield was dependent on the concentration and time of addition of dna synthesis inhibitors such as nalidixic acid and novobiocin, and rna synthesis inhibitors such as rifampicin. the ... | 1996 | 8922484 |
| emerging & re-emerging bacterial pathogens in india. | in spite of major successes against infectious diseases in the 20th century, new infectious diseases have emerged and old ones re-emerged in recent decades in different parts of the world. a brief survey of emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases of public health importance in india is presented in this paper. plague re-appeared in two outbreaks in maharashtra and gujarat in 1994, indicating a breakdown of the public health measures that had prevented its occurrence for several decades. lept ... | 1996 | 8926026 |
| camp test for the identification of vibrio cholerae 0139. | the confirmation of the identity of vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 and serogroup 0139 is usually done by slide agglutination tests using specific antisera. antiserum to v. cholerae 01 is freely available but not antiserum to v. cholerae 0139, thus making specific identification of the latter more difficult. a modified camp (christie atkins and muench - paterson) test has been described as a possibility in the identification of v. cholerae 0139 and we have evaluated this on 197 strains of organisms ... | 1996 | 8926028 |
| purification and characterization of novel hemagglutinins from vibrio mimicus: a 39-kilodalton major outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide. | two hemagglutinins (has) mediating the agglutinability to rabbit erythrocytes were isolated from 32-h culture supernatant of enterotoxigenic strain e-33 of vibrio mimicus by ultrafiltration followed by gel filtration and anion-exchange column chromatography. the has were designated r-ha and c-ha on the basis of specific hemagglutinating activity towards rabbit erythrocytes only (r-ha) and towards chicken and rabbit erythrocytes (c-ha). sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis an ... | 1996 | 8926065 |
| development of a germfree mouse model of vibrio cholerae infection. | a mouse model of vibrio cholerae infection was successfully developed with germfree mice. three- to four-week-old germfree mice were orally inoculated with strains of v. cholerae to be tested and then moved to normal housing after inoculation. stool culture, measurement of serum vibriocidal antibody titers, and determination of immune responses to the cholera toxin b subunit demonstrated that germfree mice are readily colonized by v cholerae and develop systemic and mucosal immune responses to a ... | 1996 | 8926115 |
| [creating a system of conjugated chromosome transfer and genetic mapping of vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 chromosomes]. | a conjugational gene transfer system consisting of donor and recipient strains has been developed for genetic analysis of vibrio cholerae 0139 serogroup, a new cholera agent. donor strains constructed using the tn5-mob carrying the origin of transfer (ori t) of plasmid rp4 and helper plasmid prp4-4 were able to perform a directed transfer of chromosomal markers. recipient strains carried mutations in auxotrophic genes as well as in virulence genes. based on this gene transfer system, a genetic m ... | 1996 | 8927057 |
| [cholera in goma, july 1994. bioforce]. | in 1994, between july 14 and july 20, around one million of rwandan refugees fled to the north kivu region of zaire. in spite of the existence of favorable conditions for cholera, it was necessary to wait until the laboratories isolated the first strain of cholera, on july 20 and 21, before the international community took action in one of the most important outbreaks of cholera known. the total number of cases of cholera was 36 471, of which half occurred between july 21 and july 27, reaching a ... | 1996 | 8927778 |
| cholera imported into england and wales, 1995. | 1996 | 8929794 | |
| integration of the dna of a novel filamentous bacteriophage vsk from vibrio cholerae 0139 into the host chromosomal dna. | an unusual filamentous bacteriophage, vsk, containing single-stranded, circular dna as its genome was isolated from vibrio cholerae 0139 strains p07 and b04. unlike other single-stranded dna phages, vsk can integrate its genome into the chromosome of the host and enter into a lysogenic state. the double-stranded replicative form (rf) of the single-stranded phage dna was isolated. a restriction map of the vsk rf dna was constructed using haeii, avaii, clai and xbai. by southern blot analysis of t ... | 1996 | 8931321 |
| aeromonas trota strains, which agglutinate with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal antiserum, possess a serologically distinct fimbrial colonization factor. | pili of aeromonas trota strain 1220, which agglutinates with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal antiserum, were purified and characterized. the molecular mass of the subunit protein was estimated to be 20 kda and the pl was 5 center dot 4. the pili were immunologically unrelated to the other aeromonas pili reported so far. however, the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the subunit pilin was similar to those of the pilins from other aeromonas pili reported previously. neither a. trota cells nor pili pur ... | 1996 | 8932704 |
| identifying bacterial genes--a cautionary tale. | 1996 | 8936300 | |
| use of vibrio spp. for expression of escherichia coli enterotoxin b subunit fusion proteins: purification and characterization of a chimera containing a c-terminal fragment of dna polymerase from herpes simplex virus type 1. | the nontoxic b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (etxb) is a convenient carrier molecule for the attachment and delivery of heterologous peptides into eukaryotic cells. to evaluate the properties of such etxb-based fusion proteins an efficient method for their production and purification is required. high-level production and purification of native etxb has been achieved using heterologous expression and secretion in a marine vibrio (amin, t., and hirst, t. r., 1994, protein ex ... | 1996 | 8936601 |
| outbreaks of cholera in kathmandu valley in nepal. | an analysis of the seasonal outbreak of diarrhoea in children in kathmandu, nepal, is reported. vibrio cholera, 01 biotype el tor ogawa was the major cause of this epidemic. the pattern of spread suggested a waterborne infection related to contaminated river water and this was confirmed by a field survey. although the mortality rate was low, younger children were more susceptible. enteropathogenic e. coli seems to be a major cause for diarrhoea after cholera amongst children in this study. | 1996 | 8936965 |
| ciprofloxacin for treating cholera. | 1996 | 8937293 | |
| synthesis of eight glycosides of hexasaccharide fragments representing the terminus of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype inaba and ogawa, bearing aglycons suitable for linking to proteins. | the title substances were prepared from intermediate, fully acetylated alpha-trimethylsilylethyl (se) glycosides. the latter were assembled in a blockwise manner, using as the glycosyl donor the alpha-glycosyl chloride of a disaccharide bearing two 4-azido-4-deoxy functions. next, the azido groups in the assembled hexasaccharides were converted to the corresponding amines, and these were acylated with 4-o-benzyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronic acid in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide. the ... | 1996 | 8938375 |
| cholera: nice bacteria and bad viruses. | the genes coding for cholera toxin are borne on, and can be infectiously transmitted by, a filamentous bacteriophage, raising intriguing questions about the mechanisms and evolution of bacterial pathogenesis, and the taxonomy, epidemiology and control of cholera and other bacterial diseases. | 1996 | 8939591 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 can assume a chlorine-resistant rugose survival form that is virulent for humans. | vibrio cholerae can shift to a "rugose" colonial morphology associated with expression of an amorphous exopolysaccharide that promotes cell aggregation. flow cytometric studies indicated that up to 3% of particles in rugose cultures represented aggregates of >5 bacterial cells. rugose variants of our test strains displayed resistance to killing by chlorine, with viable cells persisting for >30 min in 2 mg/l free chlorine; strains also showed resistance to killing by complement-mediated serum bac ... | 1996 | 8940236 |
| cloning and sequence of a region of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal and its use in pcr-based detection. | we isolated and characterized a vibrio cholerae o139 bengal-specific dna region by arbitrary pcr. the fragment contains open reading frames encoding two potential glycosyltransferases possibly involved in capsular polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. in order to evaluate the possibility that this region could be used for the specific detection of v. cholerae o139 bengal, a pcr system was established. the specificity and sensitivity of the pcr were investigated by analyzing 240 stra ... | 1996 | 8940420 |
| active surveillance for vibrio cholerae o1 and vibriophages in sewage water as a potential tool to predict cholera outbreaks. | the 1991 peruvian cholera epidemic has thus far been responsible for 600,000 cholera cases in peru. in an attempt to design a cholera surveillance program in the capital city of lima, weekly sewage samples were collected between august 1993 and may 1996 and examined for the presence of vibrio cholerae o1 bacteria and v. cholerae o1 bacteriophages (i.e., vibriophages). during the 144 weeks of surveillance, 6,323 cases of clinically defined cholera were recorded in lima. we arbitrarily defined an ... | 1996 | 8940432 |
| purification and characterization of a pilus of a vibrio cholerae strain: a possible colonization factor. | a new flexible type of pilus was purified from vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-0139 strain nagv14 and characterized. the molecular mass of the pilin was estimated to be 20 kda, and the antigenicity differed from that of known pili such as toxin-coregulated pili, mannose-sensitive hemagglutinating pili, v10 pili, and al-1841 pili. the nagv14 pilus was regarded as a colonization factor because the purified pili adhered to rabbit intestine and adhesion was inhibited by treating the organisms with the f ... | 1996 | 8945571 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the ompu outer membrane protein of vibrio cholerae. | the ompu outer membrane protein is a member of the toxr regulon of vibrio cholerae and has recently been shown to be a potential adherence factor for this species. using pcr and degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on internal peptide sequences of purified ompu, we have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding ompu. the ompu gene is predicted to encode a 36,646-molecular-weight protein which is present in both cholera toxin-positive and -negative v. cholerae o1 and o139 strains. | 1996 | 8945596 |
| [cholera caused by non-01 v. cholerae]. | 1996 | 8948862 | |
| global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm. | the origin of cholera has been elusive, even though scientific evidence clearly shows it is a waterborne disease. however, standard bacteriological procedures for isolation of the cholera vibrio from environmental samples, including water, between epidemics generally were unsuccessful. vibrio cholerae, a marine vibrio, requiring salt for growth, enters into a dormant, viable but nonculturable stage when conditions are unfavorable for growth and reproduction. the association of vibrio cholerae wi ... | 1996 | 8953025 |
| [emergence of toxigenic vibrio cholerae strains on non-o1 serotype as a result of the exchange of genetic information]. | to study the possibilities of genetic exchange between vibrio cholerae of o1 and non-o1 serogroups, donor and recipient strains were developed. it was shown that toxicogenic strains of v. cholerae non-o1 appeared in vitro and in vivo as the result of conjugative transfer of rfb-nag genes from avirulent v. cholerae non-o1 strains to toxicogenic strains belonging to v. cholerae o1 classical and eltor biovars. these genes are responsible for synthesis of o antigen of non-o1 serotype. it was establi ... | 1996 | 8964461 |
| the toxin-coregulated pilus is a colonization factor and protective antigen of vibrio cholerae el tor. | we have previously shown that insertional inactivation of tcpa, the gene encoding the major pilin subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), renders vibrio cholerae o1 strains of el tor biotype virtually avirulent in the infant mouse cholera model (imcm). we now report that more refined mutants, bearing an in-frame deletion in tcpa, show a similar dramatic attenuation in vivo. in mixed-infection competition experiments the ratio of wild-type:mutant vibrios increased c. 10(3)-10(5) fold during ... | 1996 | 8965675 |
| physical linkage of the vibrio cholerae mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin secretory and structural subunit gene loci: identification of the mshg coding sequence. | vibrio cholerae o1 expresses a variety of cell surface factors which mediate bacterial adherence and colonization at the intestinal epithelium. the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha), a type iv pilus, is a potential attachment factor of the v. cholerae el tor biotype. we describe a tnphoa mutant that is defective in its ability to hemagglutinate mouse erythrocytes. the tnphoa insertion maps to a recently identified genetic locus that encodes products that are predicted to be essential for as ... | 1996 | 8550192 |
| development of shigella sonnei live oral vaccines based on defined rfbinaba deletion mutants of vibrio cholerae expressing the shigella serotype d o polysaccharide. | previous experimentation has highlighted a number of difficulties in the development of carrier-based bivalent vaccines (j.-f. viret and d. favre, biologicals 22:361-372, 1994) in an attempt to obviate these carrier strains. toward this aim, a series of defined rfbinaba deletion (delta rfbinaba) mutants of the cholera vaccine strain v. cholerae cvd103-hgr (o1 inaba serotype) and derivative bearing the chromosomally integrated locus encoding the s. sonnei o-ps were constructed and characterized. ... | 1996 | 8550210 |
| the toxr protein of vibrio cholerae forms homodimers and heterodimers. | the toxr protein of vibrio cholerae regulates the expression of several virulence factors that play important roles in the pathogenesis of cholera. previous experiments with toxr-alkaline phosphatase (toxr-phoa) fusion proteins suggested a model for gene regulation in which the inactive form of toxr was a monomer and the active form of toxr was a dimer (v. l. miller, r. k. taylor, and j. j. mekalanos, cell 48:271-279, 1987). in order to examine whether toxr exists in a dimeric form in vivo, bioc ... | 1996 | 8550410 |
| porins of vibrio cholerae: purification and characterization of ompu. | three outer membrane proteins with molecular masses of 40, 38, and 27 kda of the hypertoxinogenic strain 569b of vibrio cholerae have been purified to homogeneity. the synthesis of all the three proteins is regulated by the osmolarity of the growth medium. the pore-forming ability of the 40-kda protein, ompt, and the 38-kda protein, ompu, has been demonstrated by using liposomes, in which these proteins were embedded. the 27-kda protein, ompx, though osmoregulated, is not a porin. ompu constitut ... | 1996 | 8550475 |
| epidemiologic study of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in thailand: at the advancing edge of the eighth pandemic. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal emerged on the indian subcontinent in late 1992 and was first recognized in thailand in 1993. to characterize the epidemiology of this disease, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted in samutsakorn, a port city 30 km southwest of bangkok. between november 15, 1993, and june 3, 1994, 366 patients were confirmed to have cholera by culture, including 165 (45%) with o139 bengal, 191 (52%) with o1 ogawa, and 10 (3%) with both serogroups. during the same time per ... | 1996 | 8561160 |
| genetic analysis of the interaction between vibrio cholerae transcription activator toxr and toxt promoter dna. | expression of many virulence genes in vibrio cholerae is under the control of the toxt protein. these include genes whose products are required for the biogenesis of the toxin-coregulated pilus, accessory colonization factor, and cholera toxin. toxt is a member of the arac family of transcriptional activators and is part of the toxr regulatory cascade. toxr is a transmembrane dna-binding protein that is required for transcription of toxt and also can directly activate transcription of the choler ... | 1996 | 8576041 |
| physical map of the genome of vibrio cholerae 569b and localization of genetic markers. | a combined physical and genetic map of the genome of the classical o1 hypertoxinogenic strain 569b of vibrio cholerae has been constructed. the enzymes noti, sfii and ceui generated dna fragments of suitable size distribution that could be resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the digests produced 37, 22, and 7 fragments, respectively. the ceui maps of the genomes of strains 569b and o395, constructed by partial restriction digestion, were identical, and the data are consistent with the ... | 1996 | 8576045 |
| factors influencing secondary vibriocidal immune responses: relevance for understanding immunity to cholera. | although serum vibriocidal activity is used extensively as a marker of immunity to o1 vibrio cholerae, there are limitations in this assay to detect instances of reexposure. we define the conditions operative in producing secondary vibriocidal responses in north american volunteers primed with either wild-type v. cholerae 1, 4, or 6 months later. secondary serum vibriocidal responses occurred under two distinct secondary challenge conditions. the first occurred when secondary challenge produced ... | 1996 | 8557325 |
| vibrio cholerae hcp, a secreted protein coregulated with hlya. | hcp is a 28-kda secreted protein of vibrio cholerae regulated coordinately with the hemolysin, hlya. both proteins show a dependence on hlyu for expression, suggesting that hcp may be secreted by v. cholerae in vivo. we have identified and sequenced two genes for hcp, designated hcpa and hcpb (hemolysin-coregulated protein). the genes encode identical amino acid sequences. both express a 28-kda protein, despite open reading frames with only a 19-kda capacity, suggesting that the hcp protein runs ... | 1996 | 8557353 |
| antibody against the capsule of vibrio cholerae o139 protects against experimental challenge. | antiserum to the capsular polysaccharide of an opaque variant of vibrio cholerae o139 strain mdo-12 recognizes capsular antigen in three different colonial variants of the strain, although the amount of recognition varies with the extent of opacity. the anti-capsular-polysaccharide serum, at subagglutinating doses, protected suckling mice against challenge with both the most opaque variant and the most translucent variant. further studies indicated that the protection was associated with inhibit ... | 1996 | 8557361 |
| a nontoxic cholera enterotoxin (ct) analog is chimeric with regard to both epitypes of ct-b subunits, ct-b-1 and ct-b-2. | the gene encoding a nontoxic analog, ct-2*, of cholera enterotoxin (ct) with attenuating codon substitutions in the a subunit was introduced into the attenuated vibrio cholerae classical biotype mutant candidate vaccine strain cvd103, which produces the b subunit (but not the a subunit) of ct-1. the recombinant strain produces a chimeric nontoxic analog holotoxin containing both ct-b-1 and ct-b-2 subunits. this offers potential advantages over cvd103 in the induction of immunity against e1 tor b ... | 1996 | 8557362 |
| protective immunity to shiga-like toxin i following oral immunization with shiga-like toxin i b-subunit-producing vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr. | this study addresses a mechanism for inducing systemic immunity to shiga-like toxins by oral administration of a shiga-like toxin i b-subunit-expressing vibrio cholerae vaccine strain [cvd 103-hgr(pda60)]. two sets of three rabbits were given either cvd 103-hgr or cvd 103-hgr(pda60) orally. all rabbits immunized with cvd 103-hgr(pda60) developed neutralizing serum antibodies to shiga-like toxin i. none of the controls developed such antibodies. | 1996 | 8557364 |
| serogroup conversion of vibrio cholerae non-o1 to vibrio cholerae o1: effect of growth state of cells, temperature, and salinity. | recently, we reported the occurrence of seroconversion from vibrio cholerae non-o1 to v. cholerae o1, but little is known about the environmental and physiological factors influencing seroconversion. we investigated effects of temperature (4, 25, and 35 degrees c) and salinity ( < 0.05 and 10%0.), as well as the stage of growth of cells, on serogroup conversion. seroconversion of v. cholerae occurred under various environmental conditions. however, the rate of seroconversion in natural water ( < ... | 1996 | 8595602 |