Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| therapeutic drug monitoring for antidepressants: efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness. | therapeutic drug monitoring (tdm) of tricyclic antidepressants (tcas) is a cost-effective tool to increase efficacy and safety in patients suffering from major depressive illness. the concentration:antidepressant response relationships of nortriptyline, desipramine, and amitriptyline conform to a curvilinear relationship between concentration:antidepressant response; whereas, imipramine conforms to a linear relationship. besides improving efficacy, tdm identifies the subset of patients who are a ... | 1998 | 1904862 |
| [pancreatic carcinoma on endoscopic retrograde pancreatico-cholangiogram (author's transl)]. | the pancreaticographic appearances of carcinoma of the pancreas have been divided into two types: 1. canalicular carcinoma arising from the duct system. if arising from the main pancreatic duct, it occludes this, or causes displacement or deformity of its branches in the immediate neighbourhood. if arising from branches, it causes cystic ectasia of the minor ducts; these appear fragmented and deformed while there is stenosis and displacement of the main duct. simultaneous origin from the main an ... | 1998 | 124684 |
| psros and cost containment: a cautious perspective. | 1998 | 121393 | |
| [detection of coronary artery spasm by the methylergometrin test. technic. results. indications]. | methylergometrine (methergin) was given intravenously (0.4 mg) to 118 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. the electrocardiogramme and intraaortic pressure was continuously monitored whilst coronary arteriography was performed, 1,3, and 5 minutes after the injection of the ergot alkaloid. the test was positive if: 1) coronary spasm was observed; 2) if st segment elevation was recorded with or without pain. positive tests were obtained in 13 out of 14 patients with prinzmetal angina. the t ... | 1998 | 107890 |
| orojejunal feeding in low birthweight infants. | 1998 | 107866 | |
| phase changes of cardiolipin vesicles mediated by divalent cations. | small unilamellar vesicles were prepared from cardiolipin and produced the hexagonal ii phase when dialyzed against cacl2 or mgcl2. upon removal of the cation by dialysis against edta large unilamellar vesicles were formed. the events of the transition from the lamellar to hexagonal phase and back to the lamellar phase are described. | 1998 | 106890 |
| tympanostomy tubes, their use, abuse, and cost-benefit ratio. | tympanostomy tubes are employed when middle ear ventilation is indicated, particularly when other forms of treatment have failed. few other uses have broad acceptance. any other insertion of a ventilating tube implies abuse, either through error in diagnosis or deliberate misapplication. hard statistical data relating to abuse are impossible to obtain, but ample illustrations can be cited. the cost-benefit ratio is difficult to assess. cost of a myringotomy and tube versus the cost of a tympanom ... | 1998 | 107381 |
| staging of myeloma. a preliminary study of staging factors and treatment in different stages. | attempts were made to find prognostic factors in myeloma. in 16 deceased patients, urinary light chains, skeletal lesions, and the quantity of the monoclonal protein fraction in the serum were correlated to prognosis, in contrast to the electrophoretic mobility of the monoclonal fraction, the hemoglobin, the serum creatinine value, the serum calcium, or the intestinal calcium absorption. skeletal calcium uptake was only numerically higher in mild myeloma than in advanced myeloma. since these fin ... | 1998 | 106448 |
| treated stage iib hodgkin's disease complicated by late paraplegia. | 1998 | 105595 | |
| health expenditure 1978/79. | 1998 | 104698 | |
| [colo-rectal carcinomas: a challenge]. | 1998 | 108581 | |
| retrospect and prospect of electron microscopy in japan: biology/virology. | 1998 | 2809471 | |
| [the cranio-carpo-tarsal dysplasia syndrome in a 6-year-old girl (whistling-face syndrome)]. | 1998 | 106974 | |
| non-hodgkin's lymphoma of waldeyer's ring: an appraisal of therapeutic effect. | from july 1978 to june 1987, non-hodgkin's lymphoma was diagnosed in 667 patients at chang gung memorial hospital. forty-eight (7%) patients presented primarily with involvement of waldeyer's ring; their provisional clinical stage was i or ii. the tonsils represented the most frequent site of involvement within waldeyer's ring. a work-up showed 33.3% of patients with stage i, 50% with stage ii, 8.3% with stage iii and 8.3% with stage iv. all the patients had diffuse lymphomas. diffuse large cell ... | 1998 | 2809560 |
| association between life stress and serious perinatal complications. | the association between stressful life changes, social supports, and serious complications of pregnancy was measured in 513 women obtaining prenatal care in four rural family practices. those women whose life change score (lcs) increased from the second to the third trimester had a significantly higher rate of poor outcomes (neonatal death, transfer to a neonatal intensive care unit, birthweight less than 2500 g or 5-minute apgar score less than 7) than those whose lcs did not increase (9.2% vs ... | 1998 | 2809521 |
| the impaired health care professional. | 1998 | 2809520 | |
| family practice obstetrics in connecticut. | 1998 | 2809519 | |
| sjogren's syndrome. dental role in providing relief. | this oftentimes underappreciated disease carries with it severe dental implications, all of which can affect the patient's quality of life. while there is no cure, it is possible to manage disease symptoms and to prevent irreversible dental damage. | 1998 | 1508470 |
| permeability of amino acids into liposomes. | 1. a simple and rapid assay for the measurement of permeability of amino acids into liposome membrane was carried out by using the liposomes trapping d-amino acid oxidase (d-amino acid: o2 oxidoreductase (deaminating), ec 1.4.3.3) inside the membrane. 2. permeability of amino acids into liposomes depended on the lipid composition of the membrane. permeability of amino acids into phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol liposomes depended critically on temperature. 3. permeability also depended on the str ... | 1998 | 21692 |
| [hypothalamic peptide hormones]. | after a review of the significance of the releasing and inhibiting polypeptide hormones of the hypothalamus, the clinical significance of the gonadotropin-releasing-hormone and the thyrotropin releasing hormone, is discussed in detail. | 1998 | 110023 |
| [transparency list--a final word]. | 1998 | 108540 | |
| the consumer and health care costs. | 1998 | 109785 | |
| polychlorinated biphenyls to be severely restricted. | 1998 | 108411 | |
| place coding of vowel formants for cochlear implant patients. | four multiple-channel cochlear implant patients were tested with synthesized versions of the words "hid, head, had, hud, hod, hood" containing 1, 2, or 3 formants, and with a natural 2-formant version of the same words. the formant frequencies were encoded in terms of the positions of electrical stimulation in the cochlea. loudness, duration, and fundamental frequency were kept fixed within the synthetic stimulus sets. the average recognition scores were 47%, 61%, 62%, and 79% for the synthesize ... | 1998 | 2212290 |
| nutritional concepts in the management of the head and neck cancer patient. ii. management concepts. | essential to the management of the head and neck cancer patient is carefully monitored nutritional support. traditionally, enteral alimentation, using the nasogastric feeding tube, has been the mainstay of treatment. tube feedings should provide ample amounts of essential nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and adequate calories and protein. knowledge of the tube feedings available and problems associated with their administration helps to avoid the pitfalls which limit their effectiveness. the inade ... | 1998 | 109713 |
| primary plasmacytoma of lymph nodes. a case report. | most plasmacytomas of lymph nodes are secondary metastases from myeloma or from primary plasmacytoma of the upper air passages. primary plasmacytomas of lymph nodes are very rare. a case of primary plasmacytoma of mediastinal, cervical and para-aortic lymph nodes is reported. bence jones proteinuria of 8 g/24 h was present. repeated bone marrow examinations were normal. when the patient died, 17 months after the first symptoms, the bone marrow was still not involved. | 1998 | 105545 |
| autoimmune chronic hepatitis type 2 manifested during interferon therapy in children. | 1998 | 1904895 | |
| [current knowledge of the immunogenetics of spondylarthritis]. | 1998 | 2140156 | |
| program of the 41st annual scientific meeting of the japan society of obstetrics and gynecology. okayama, april 2-4, 1989. abstracts. | 1998 | 2809342 | |
| radiation treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma. | a series of 602 patients with verified urinary bladder cancer have been treated with full irradiation in the period 1957--1970. as expected, the survival rate decreased with increasing stage of the tumour. another group was randomized and treated according to either of two fractionation schemes. this trial started in 1971 and shows that there is increased survival and tumour clearance rate with superfractionation. | 1998 | 105441 |
| distribution of hla histocompatibility antigens, abo blood groups and rh antigens in alcoholic liver disease. | the distribution of 16 antigens of the hla-a and 15 antigens of the hla-b series of hla system, the blood groups abo, and rh antigens were studied in 40 alcoholics with cirrhosis, 18 alcoholics without cirrhosis, and in normal control subjects. the group of alcoholics with cirrhosis showed a significantly high frequency of hla-b13 (corrected p less than 0.01) when compared with normal subjects, while the frequency of hla-b13 was similar to normal in alcoholics without cirrhosis. on the basis of ... | 1998 | 109357 |
| plasmid mediated drug resistance in vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal. | sixteen strains of vibrio cholerae were isolated from cases of diarrhoea. out of these, 12 (75%) were identified as vibrio cholerae 0139 synonym bengal and 4 (25%) as vibrio cholerae el tor by standard biochemical and serological tests. modified camp reaction in sheep blood agar showed that 0139 produced moderate hemolysis, el tor produced wider zone of hemolysis whereas classical vibrio cholerae produced no zone of hemolysis (camp negative). break point minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) by ... | 1998 | 28775481 |
| estrogen binding and estrogen receptors in the prostate. | 1997 | 175521 | |
| value of transesophageal color doppler echocardiography for detection of different types of atrial septal defect in adults. | in 121 adults, the value of transthoracic and transesophageal color doppler echocardiography for detection of different types of atrial septal defect (asd) or of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return was analyzed. the 121 patients had a total of 129 defects with left-to-right atrial shunting (including eight patients with two types of defects). all of six cases with primum-type asd were diagnosed correctly by both echocardiographic methods. ninety-seven patients showed a secundum-type asd du ... | 1997 | 1389216 |
| [provisional crowns and bridges]. | 1997 | 3250891 | |
| [the current state of masculine contraception]. | the present state of male contraception is reviewed with reference to pharmacological methods only. since spermatogenesis is the result of a long chain of endocrine mechanisms starting in the hypothalamus, any review of contraceptive techniques must follow these physiological links. spermatogenesis itself involves different stages and each of them can be a target for pharmacological compounds. although no drug is currently available that offers all the necessary guarantees required of a contrace ... | 1997 | 175439 |
| curriculum guidelines for training general practice residents to treat the person with a handicap. | 1997 | 2139881 | |
| noninvasive imaging of the superficial femoral artery using ultrasound duplex scanning. | a total of 56 lower extremities in 28 patients were evaluated by both conventional arteriography and ultrasound duplex scanning. overall sensitivity for duplex scanning compared to arteriography in detecting stenotic or occlusive disease was 91%, specificity was 94%, positive predictive value 85% and negative predictive value 97%. results for duplex scanning were better in the proximal and middle segment compared to the distal third of the superficial femoral artery. the sensitivity of segmental ... | 1997 | 2196267 |
| a new design of glass micro-electrode for extracellular ph measurement [proceedings]. | 1997 | 19622 | |
| pregnenolone, 17-oh-pregnenolone, and testosterone in plasma of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. | both pregnenolone and 17-oh-pregnenolone were found to be higher in the plasma of patients with poorly controlled congential adrenal hyperplasia than in normal subjects. the plasma levels of these precursor steroids were significantly correlated with urinary 17-ketosteroid and pregnanetriol excretion and with plasma testosterone. the mechanism where by plasma pregnenolone and 17-oh-pregnenolone levels are elevated in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency is unknown, but the phenomenon of produ ... | 1997 | 178685 |
| [treatment principles in arterial hypertension]. | 1997 | 24296 | |
| congenital testicular lymphangiectasis. | testicular lymphangiectasis are described for the first time in a patient with bilateral inguinal cryptorchidism. a great number of irregular lymphatic channels was observed within the parenchyma and the tunica vasculosa in both testes. large and numerous anastomosis between the lymphatic vessels of these two areas could also be seen. the mtd and the tfi of the left testis were normal. both parameters were very low in the right testis. the association of this fact with the greater development of ... | 1997 | 24294 |
| degradation kinetics of a substituted carbinolamine in aqueous media. | the apparent first-order breakdown of the medicinally active agent 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-ol was studied in aqueous solutions where dehydration gave the unsaturated compound 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-2-ethylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. this thiazole was the primary solvolytic product produced in approximately quantitative yields for the temperature range studied and ostensibly underwent no further reaction in acidic media even on prolonged heating. i ... | 1997 | 19617 |
| [surgically treated esophageal perforation caused by metal esophagoscope]. | a case of oesophageal perforation is described occurring during oesophagoscopy carried out in search for a foreign body. after several hours of observation the hole in the oesophagus was closed with sutures. the postoperative course was complicated with posterior mediastinitis and suture failure. after active aspiration drainage and broad spectrum antibiotics the patient was cured. | 1997 | 2640071 |
| antihypertensive drugs: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. | 1997 | 23284 | |
| [in process citation]. | oral delivery of vaccines results in these being taken up by specialised microfold epithelial cells covering peyer's patches of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore stimulating regulatory t cells and surface iga positive (siga+) b cells. t helper cells can be divided into 2 subsets, type 1 (t(h)1) and type 2 (t(h)2), according to their function and the cytokines they secrete. t(h)1 cytokines such as interleukin (il)-2, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-beta (tnfbeta) elicit activation ... | 1997 | 18031087 |
| high prevalence of vibrio cholerae non-o1 carrying heat-stable-enterotoxin-encoding genes among vibrio isolates from a temperate-climate river basin of central italy. | vibrio spp. of clinical interest from the arno river basin (tuscany, italy) were investigated in this study. vibrios were isolated from 70% of water samples. vibrio cholerae non-o1 was the most prevalent species (82% of isolates), followed by vibrio mimicus (10%) and vibrio metschnikovii (8%). recovery of vibrios was correlated with temperature, ph, and various indicators of municipal pollution. none of the 150 vibrio isolates carried ctx-related genomic sequences, whereas 18 (14.6%) of the 123 ... | 1997 | 16535661 |
| isolation of a new variant of vibrio cholerae o1: v. cholerae o1 ribotype b27 toxinogenotype tb31 during the last cholera epidemic in senegal. | a total of 205 vibrio cholerae o1 isolates from recent cholera epidemic in senegal were analyzed by conventional methods, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for genes encoding cholera toxin (ctx a), zonula occludens toxin (zot) and accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), ribotyping and toxinogenotyping. ribotyping after bg1 i digestion of total dna revealed that ribotype b5a, the predominant ribotype of the seventh pandemic in africa and asia, was not isolated. a new ribotype designated b27 in our dat ... | 1997 | 9789785 |
| comparison of main features in children with cholera o1 and o139 in yangon, myanmar, 1996. | 1997 | 9661322 | |
| estimation of the viability of vibrio cholerae 0139 by assessing cell membrane integrity. | changes in the viability of vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal, estimated by cellular membrane integrity, in batch culture over 35 days, were investigated. data indicated an initial period of rapid growth with up to 30% of bacterial mortality, followed by a period of slower growth, lower culturability but higher viability, from day 7 onwards. the size of viable bacteria significantly decreased during the incubation time, whilst the size of dead bacteria showed a less pronounced decrease. v. cholerae 01 ... | 1997 | 9589607 |
| evaluation of different subcellular fractions of vibrio cholerae o139 in protection to challenge in experimental cholera. | various cellular fractions of vibrio cholerae o139 were prepared and evaluated in the rabbit ileal loop model of experimental cholera for identification of the protective antigen(s) relevant for vaccine development. lipopolysaccharides (lps) and capsular polysaccharides (cps) of o139 strains and its cell surface, membrane and cytosolic fractions were assayed for antibacterial immunity, whereas the cholera toxin was examined for antitoxic immunity. the lipopolysaccharides, membrane fraction and c ... | 1997 | 9537758 |
| molecular analysis of a filamentous phage (fsl) of vibrio cholerae o139. | a filamentous bacteriophage from vibrio cholerae o139 strain a1-4450 was isolated (fsl). the phage fsl had a ssdna genome and dsdna as a replicative form (rf) in lysogenic host cell. the dna sequence of fsl rf was determined. it consisted of 6340 bp and had a g + c content of 43.5%. fifteen possible orfs were found in fsl. one of them, orf384, was estimated to encode 384 amino acid residues (44.6 kda) and had homologous regions with the zot gene of v. cholerae and gene i of the coliphage group. ... | 1997 | 9540841 |
| microbiological status of live eel and processed fish products for export to japan. | live eels and processed fish products from malaysia are routinely checked for microbial pathogens before export to japan. the eels and water from the ponds are screened for vibrio cholerae and salmonella spp, whereas the processed fish products are tested for microbial contamination (aerobic plate count), coliforms, e. coil and vibrio cholerae. results showed that live eels and water samples were negative for vibrio cholerae but salmonella spp were isolated occasionally. various types of process ... | 1997 | 9656354 |
| [the chemosensitivity of strains of vibrio cholerae group o1 isolated in romania between 1977-1995]. | 1997 | 9586330 | |
| gastroenteritis due to vibrio cholerae el-tor ogawa in dhule. | for v. cholerae isolation, stool sample is better than rectal swab. direct oxidase test on stool is easy and reliable. v. cholerae el-tor ogawa is predominant type in dhule area. new phage type t27 was reported. tetracyclin resistance needs further studies. | 1997 | 9567501 |
| [severe watery diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae in lambs]. | an outbreak of watery diarrhoea in lambs is described. seventeen lambs died within 24 hours after the start of the diarrhoea. at necropsy vibrio cholerae was isolated from the organs and intestines of three lambs. the strains did not react with o1 or o139 antisera, the strains responsible for cholera epidemics among humans. it is concluded that the diarrhoea in the lambs was caused by v. cholerae non-01/non-139. this microorganism had not been described before in lambs in the netherlands. | 1997 | 9534795 |
| viable but non-culturable and dormant bacteria: time to resolve an oxymoron and a misnomer? | 1997 | 9511809 | |
| [inc j plasmids identified for the first time in vibrio cholerae el tor]. | two epidemic outbreaks of cholera occurred in eastern algeria in 1994. sixteen strains of vibrio cholerae el tor were isolated from stools and contaminated water. studies to determine antibiotic sensitivity documented multiresistance in these strains. minimal inhibiting concentrations ranged from 6 to 32 micrograms/ml for chloramphenicol, from 8 to 24 micrograms/ml for tetracycline except minocycline, and from 15 to 32 micrograms/ml for furanes. higher values were found for other antibiotics suc ... | 1997 | 9513150 |
| [indole non-production and antibiotic multiresistance of vibrio cholerae 0:1 in rwanda]. | 1997 | 9513166 | |
| polarizing response of human polymorphonuclear cells to vibrio cholerae. | leucocytes have the capacity to respond to chemotactic factors by becoming morphologically and functionally polarized and this method has been found to be suitable for measurement of chemotaxis. this work evaluates the effect of whole vibrio cholerae biotype el tor polarization of human polymorphonuclear (pmn) cells in comparison with strains of v. cholerae nag, vibrio alginolyticus and salmonella typhi. v. cholerae o1 induced, at different cell/bacteria ratios, a significant increase in the per ... | 1997 | 9503599 |
| emerging disease surveillance in southeast asia. | the emergence of infectious disease causing agents/pathogens necessitates a rational surveillance approach leading to early detection and appropriate intervention. surveillance activities with support from the us naval medical research unit no. 2 (namru-2), targeting susceptible populations/areas in southeast asia, have been organised using a multi-design strategy: 1) systematic multi-size (usually hospital-based) study; 2) investigation of (suspected) outbreak events involving significant case ... | 1997 | 9494669 |
| sanitation for rural communities: first win the people's support. | a latrine project in an indian village which failed because the inhabitants were scarcely brought into its planning and execution is contrasted with a moderately successful scheme in another village where a concerted effort was made to educate the community about the value of latrines and to obtain the people's participation. | 1997 | 9478138 |
| [emerging infectious diseases--new-type cholera]. | 1997 | 9480309 | |
| [sporadic diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae non-o1 and characteristics of the isolates]. | in 1996, we examined five domestic and eight imported cases of sporadic diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae non-o1 in tokyo. the domestic cases occurred during the summer, from june to september, while the imported cases were seen throughout the year. the major clinical symptoms of the patients were watery diarrhea (100%) with an average frequency of 5.5 times/day, abdominal pain (77%), vomiting (31%) and fever (15%). a total of 13 strains isolated from these 13 cases had the typical biochemical ... | 1997 | 9483880 |
| structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae serotype o22. | the structure of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from vibrio cholerae serogroup o22 was elucidated. the lps was subjected to a variety of degradative procedures, and the structures of the purified products were established by monosaccharide and methylation analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. the following structure for the complete lps molecule was determined on the basis of the combined data from these experiments. [formula: see text] the elucidation of ... | 1997 | 9468625 |
| studies on antimicrobial effect of the antihistaminic phenothiazine trimeprazine tartrate. | the antibacterial and bactericidal activities of the antihistamine trimeprazine were studied against 243 strains of bacteria which included both gram positive and gram negative types. the susceptibility of these bacterial strains to trimeprazine was assessed by determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) which was found to be between 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. nineteen strains of staphylococcus spp. and salmonella spp. were trimeprazine. most of the strains belonging to bacillus spp. ... | 1997 | 9468728 |
| [non-01 vibrio cholerae serogroup in mediterranean waters]. | 1997 | 9470189 | |
| [frequency of vibrio cholerae isolation from water and plankton of the lower salado river basin (santa fe, argentina)]. | in the lower salado river basin 85 samples of water and 40 of plankton were collected from january 1993 to december 1996. in the 69.4% of the water samples and in the 75% of the plankton samples vibrio cholerae was detected. none of the isolate strains belonged to o1 and o139 serogroups. the seasonality in the frequency of isolation of v. cholerae tested by multiple proportions comparison test was not confirmed (p > 0.05). there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the isolation frequ ... | 1997 | 9472141 |
| [the characteristics of the current stage in the development of the 7th cholera pandemic]. | the state and tendencies in the development of the epidemiological situation in cholera in the world (1961-1996) are evaluated. as revealed in this investigation, at the modern stage the development of the 7th pandemic characterized by the formation of stable and temporary endemic foci in a number of countries of asia, africa, central and south america and by the import of cholera from these foci to different countries of the world, including the cis countries and russia. the "trigger mechanism" ... | 1997 | 9460863 |
| a universal protocol for pcr detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods. | a universal protocol for pcr detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods was developed. the protocol used a universal culture medium and the same pcr conditions with 13 sets of specific primers. the 13 species of foodborne pathogens examined were escherichia coli, e. coli-etec, e. coli-o157:h7, shigella spp., salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis, vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus ... | 1997 | 9449811 |
| molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from sporadic cholera cases in okinawa, japan. | in july 1994, 6 cholera cases due to vibrio cholerae o1 el tor ogawa sporadically appeared in okinawa. all 6 patients had no history of traveling abroad. in the period of this cholera outbreak, a strain of v. cholerae o1 el tor ogawa was detected from an imported fish at the naha port quarantine station. the isolates were characterized to clarify whether or not, they belonged to a common clone. phenotypes were identical except that one strain revealed cured celebes and the others were original c ... | 1997 | 9444327 |
| comparison between the multiplex pcr, sensitivity to biotype specific phages & polymyxin b for biotyping of vibrio cholerae o1. | a total of 196 vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated between 1970 and 1996 were biotyped by multiplex pcr, susceptibility to polymyxin b and sensitivity to biotype specific phages. we modified the multiplex pcr by increasing the primer concentration of tcpa to improve the results. comparison of the results of modified multiplex pcr and sensitivity to biotype specific phages and to polymyxin b showed that multiplex pcr was as efficient as phage typing for biotyping of v. cholerae o1. all the strain ... | 1997 | 9439092 |
| cholera in a developing megacity; karachi, pakistan. | despite rapid urbanization and increasing affluence in karachi, cases of cholera are frequent. we analysed computerized isolation data from the akuh clinical microbiology laboratory, karachi, from 1990-6 to examine microbiological, temporal and demographic trends in vibrio cholerae infections. during this period 888 strains of v. cholerae (566 v. cholerae serogroup o1, and 204 v. cholerae serogroup o139) were isolated from specimens from 886 patients; 214/464 were adult inpatients, and 250/464 p ... | 1997 | 9440430 |
| rfah and the ops element, components of a novel system controlling bacterial transcription elongation. | the rfah protein controls the transcription of a specialized group of escherichia coli and salmonella operons that direct the synthesis, assembly and export of the lipopolysaccharide core, exopolysaccharide, f conjugation pilus and haemolysin toxin. rfah is a specific regulator of transcript elongation; its loss increases transcription polarity in these operons without affecting initiation from the operon promoters. the operons of the rfah-dependent regulon contain a short conserved 5' sequence, ... | 1997 | 9426123 |
| characterization of hapr, a positive regulator of the vibrio cholerae ha/protease gene hap, and its identification as a functional homologue of the vibrio harveyi luxr gene. | the vibrio cholerae ha/protease gene (hap) promoter is inactive in escherichia coli. we cloned and sequenced the 0.7kb hap promoter fragment from strain 3083-2 and showed that hap is located immediately 3' of ompw, encoding a minor outer membrane protein. a clone from a genomic library of strain 3083-2 was isolated, which was required for activation of the hap promoter in e. coli. expression from the hap promoter only occurred late in the growth phase. a single complete open reading frame (orf) ... | 1997 | 9426139 |
| vcr repetitive sequence elements in the vibrio cholerae chromosome constitute a mega-integron. | 1997 | 9426148 | |
| single dose ciprofloxacin in cholera. | to explore the efficacy of single dose ciprofloxacin therapy in cholera, a randomized, open, controlled clinical trial was carried out. seventy-four adult patient with positive vibrio cholerae 01 isolates were assigned to receive either ciprofloxacin in a single dose of 1 g (cip1), or ciprofloxacin 500 mg b.i.d., for 1 day (cip2), or doxycycline 100 mg b.i.d., for 3 days (d), or, for control, no antibiotics. mean liquid stool output volume did not show any statistically significant difference am ... | 1997 | 9426995 |
| a branch in the toxr regulatory cascade of vibrio cholerae revealed by characterization of toxt mutant strains. | co-ordinate expression of genes associated with pathogenicity in vibrio cholerae requires two transcription activators, toxr and toxt. work carried out to date suggests that toxr activates transcription of the toxt gene and that toxt directly activates transcription of several genes whose products play a role in colonization or ct production by v. cholerae. previous work also suggests that toxr can directly activate transcription of the ct operon (ctxab) independently of toxt, thereby implying a ... | 1997 | 9044266 |
| [bacterial diversity during the cholera epidemic in dakar, senegal (1995-1996)]. | vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa and biotype el tor (76.1%) was responsible of the outbreak of cholera in dakar, senegal (1995-1996). however, other bacteria were isolated, particularly vibrio cholerae non o:1/non o:139, vibrio fluvialis, vibrio alginolyticus. vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella sp.p, shigella sp.p (23.9%). the vibrio cholerae o:1 strains are multiresistant to sulfonamide, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol. 97% were also resistant to o/129 compound. fluoroquinolone and 3rd ge ... | 1997 | 9410248 |
| crystal structure of heat-labile enterotoxin from escherichia coli with increased thermostability introduced by an engineered disulfide bond in the a subunit. | cholera toxin (ct) produced by vibrio cholerae and heat-labile enterotoxin (lt-i), produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, are ab5 heterohexamers with an adp-ribosylating a subunit and a gm1 receptor binding b pentamer. these toxins are among the most potent mucosal adjuvants known and, hence, are of interest both for the development of anti-diarrheal vaccines against cholera or enterotoxigenic escherichia coli diarrhea and also for vaccines in general. however, the a subunits of ct and lt ... | 1997 | 9416616 |
| cholera in lima, peru, correlates with prior isolation of vibrio cholerae from the environment. | the authors utilized a recently developed dna probe technique to obtain quantitative data on occurrence of vibrio cholerae in samples collected monthly from 12 environmental sites in lima, peru, from november 1993 through march 1995. peak v. cholerae counts ranged from 10(2)/ml to 10(5)/ml, with the highest counts in sewage-contaminated areas and irrigation water. with our methodology, no v. cholerae cases were detected at any site during the winter months of july through october. counts were de ... | 1997 | 9420531 |
| differential regulation of fasa and fash expression of escherichia coli 987p fimbriae by environmental cues. | an early process in the pathogenesis of enteric bacteria is colonization of the intestinal epithelium leading to local multiplication, pathophysiological interactions with the host and further spreading. attachment is typically mediated by bacterial fimbriae, which are selectively expressed during growth in the intestine. here we report an analysis of the regulation of 987p fimbrial expression of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). expression of both fash, the transcriptional activator of t ... | 1997 | 9379907 |
| [vibrio cholerae o1 in fecal samples from the urban population of manacapuru, am]. | the study was carried out to identify asymptomatic carriers of v. cholerae o1 in manacapuru, am. 1249 feces samples was obtained by rectal swab and cultivated. had no growth of v. cholerae. on the other hand were isolated and identified: v. furnissii in 12 (0.9%) samples, v. fluvialis in 4 (0.3%) and v. hollisae in 1 (0.1%). | 1997 | 9380902 |
| bacterial ghosts as multifunctional vaccine particles. | expression of cloned phix174 gene e in gram-negative bacteria results in lysis of the bacteria by formation of an e-specific transmembrane tunnel structure built through the cell envelope complex. bacterial ghosts have been produced from a variety of bacteria including escherichia coli. salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio cholerae, klebsiella pneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and helicobacter py ... | 1997 | 9382740 |
| the omps maltoporin of vibrio cholerae as carrier of foreign epitopes. | insertion of additional epitopes to outer membrane proteins can lead to display of the hybrid protein on the bacterial outer surface. omps is the maltoporin of vibrio cholerae and forms trimeric pores which function in uptake of maltose and maltodextrins through the membrane. omps is present in all v. cholerae 01 and 0139 strains. each monomer traverses the membrane 18 times and has thus 9 loops facing the outside world. we have developed an omps-expression-plasmid based system where foreign epi ... | 1997 | 9382764 |
| characteristics of non-o1 vibrio cholerae isolated from the effluents of a treatment plant. | we report the results of a study concerning the characteristics of 19 non-o1 vibrio cholerae strains isolated from the incoming sewage and the effluents of the treatment plant in bologna (italy). these strains were compared to those of a strain of vibrio cholerae biotype el tor. the behaviour of the non-o1 vibrios was seen to be quite similar to those of the el tor biotype in all aspects studied and antigenic correlations were found by means of immunoblotting and cytotoxin production on vero cel ... | 1997 | 9385600 |
| screening of tnphoa mutants of vibrio cholerae o139 for identification of antigens involved in colonisation. | a new serogroup of vibrio cholerae non-o1, designated as o139, has emerged causing cholera-like disease among adults. laboratory and field studies clearly show that there is no cross-protection between o1 and o139 pathogenic strains. since colonisation of the intestine is a most important step in the pathogenesis of cholera caused by o1 strains and colonising antigens are known to be protective, investigation of the colonising antigens of o139 strain was initiated. by tnphoa mutagenesis, mutants ... | 1997 | 9402922 |
| morphological features of a filamentous phage of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | a filamentous phage was isolated from carrier strain ai-1841 of vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal and thus was termed fs phage. the phage was measured to be approximately 1 microm in length and 6 nm in width. one end of the phage was slightly tapered and had a fibrous appendage. the plaques developed on strain ai-4450 of v. cholerae 0139 were small and turbid. the phage grew in strain ai-4450 and reached a size of 10(8) to 10(9) pfu/ml at 5 hr after infection without inducing any lysis of the host bac ... | 1997 | 9403498 |
| loss of biological activity due to glu-->arg mutation at residue 11 of the b subunit of cholera toxin. | since it has been reported that a single amino acid mutation of gly-->arg in the cagyc region of the beta chain of human thyroid stimulating hormone (htsh) was responsible for congenital isolated tsh deficiency, and that the same amino acid substitution in this site of htsh and human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) introduced by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in loss of activity, the authors studied the role of glutamic acid at position 11 (glu-11) from the n-terminus of the b subunit of choler ... | 1997 | 9405207 |
| substrate recognition by the leucyl/phenylalanyl-trna-protein transferase. conservation within the enzyme family and localization to the trypsin-resistant domain. | the leucyl/phenylalanyl-trna-protein transferase (l/f-transferase) from escherichia coli catalyzes a peptidyltransferase reaction that results in the n-terminal aminoacylation of acceptor proteins using leu-, phe-, and met-trnas as amino acid donors. we demonstrated that l/f-transferase homologs are widely distributed throughout the eubacteria, supporting our proposal that the enzyme family is ancient and catalyzes early peptide bond synthesis. however, here we present data suggesting that the l ... | 1997 | 9407082 |
| immobilization of reducing sugars as toxin binding agents. | a simple and economical procedure for the attachment of reducing sugars to aminated solid supports has been developed. reaction of the amino groups on the solid support with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate, followed by 1,6-hexanediamine, yields a chain-extended amine to which reducing sugars can be attached while remaining accessible to macromolecules. immobilization of the reducing sugars involves a simple incubation followed by trapping of the resulting glycosylamine with acetic anhydride and reco ... | 1997 | 9258442 |
| cholera in 1996. | in 1996, vibrio cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor continued to occur in all regions of the world (map 1). the decrease in the number of cases observed since 1994 continued in 1996, with a total of 143 349 cases and 6689 deaths officially reported to who. the decrease in the number of cases is not reflected in the global case-fatality rate (cfr), which increased to 4.7% compared with 2.4% in 1995. the number of countries reporting cholera to who decreased from 78 in 1995 to 71 in 1996 (table 1 and figs. ... | 1997 | 9260522 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of an rpos homologue gene from vibrio cholerae n86. | a homologue of the rpos gene of escherichia coli was cloned from vibrio cholerae n86 by complementation of the phenotypes of the e. coli rpos mutant strain. we determined the dna sequence of this gene. sequence alignments have indicated that the rpos gene of v. cholerae n86 encoding a 39-kda protein is very similar to that of e. coli. in addition, the nlpd-like gene was found in the upstream region of the rpos gene in the same order as in e. coli. these results suggest that the organization of t ... | 1997 | 9265738 |
| tissue-specific heterogeneity in alpha-dystroglycan sialoglycosylation. skeletal muscle alpha-dystroglycan is a latent receptor for vicia villosa agglutinin b4 masked by sialic acid modification. | because the polypeptide core of alpha-dystroglycan is encoded by a single gene, the difference in apparent molecular mass between alpha-dystroglycans expressed in various tissues is presumably due to differential glycosylation. however, little is presently known about the tissue-specific differences in alpha-dystroglycan glycosylation and whether these modifications may confer functional variability to alpha-dystroglycan. we recently observed that laminin-1 binding to skeletal muscle alpha-dystr ... | 1997 | 9268382 |
| cholera. | 1997 | 9269227 | |
| antibiotic-resistant vibrio cholerae in parangipettai coastal environs, south east india. | this study was undertaken to determine the comparative incidence of drug-resistant vibrio cholerae non-01 in the environmental samples (water, sediment, and plankton) and in the seafood samples (finfish, shellfish, and crustacean) of estuarine, coastal, and mangrove communities. a total of 770 v. cholerae isolates were examined--all of the strains were sensitive to 100% against cephalothin (30 mcg), chloramphenical (30 mcg), and polymyxin-b (300 mcg). however, all of the strains isolated form en ... | 1997 | 9270997 |
| inhibition of in vitro growth of enteropathogens by new lactobacillus isolates of human intestinal origin. | three human lactobacillus strains, coded b21060, b21070 and b21190, have recently been isolated. the strains show a series of features (acid and bile resistance, adhesion to various types of mucosal cell) which make them particularly promising for the preparation of probiotic products. in the present study, the ability of the strains to inhibit the growth of pathogens in coculture was investigated. lactobacilli were incubated simultaneously or after one overnight growth with enterotoxigenic esch ... | 1997 | 9271875 |
| rearrangements in the genomes of vibrio cholerae strains belonging to different serovars and biovars. | the intron-encoded enzyme i-ceui provides an excellent tool for rapidly examining the organization of genomes of related species of bacteria. vibrio cholerae strains belonging to serovars o1 and o139 have 9 i-ceui sites in their genomes, and v. cholerae strains belonging to serovars non-o1 and non-o139 have 10 i-ceui sites in their genomes. this information can be used as a criterion to differentiate o1 strains from non-o1 and non-o139 strains. to our knowledge, intraspecies variation in the num ... | 1997 | 9272984 |
| pathogenic vibrios in the natural aquatic environment. | in recent years, members belonging to the genus vibrio of the family vibrionaceae have acquired increasing importance because of the association of several of its members with human disease. the most feared of the vibrio species is vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, a devastating disease of global significance. other important vibrios of medical importance are v. parahemolyticus, v. vulnificus, v. mimicus, and to a lesser extent v. fluvialis, v. furnissii, v. hollisae, and v. damse ... | 1997 | 9273923 |
| molecular analysis of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o139 bengal strains isolated in bangladesh between 1993 and 1996: evidence for emergence of a new clone of the bengal vibrios. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal emerged in 1992 and rapidly spread in an epidemic form, in which it replaced existing strains of v. cholerae o1 in bangladesh during 1992 and 1993. the subsequent emergence of a new clone of v. cholerae o1 of the el tor biotype that transiently displaced the o139 vibrios during 1994 to 1995 and the recent reemergence of v. cholerae o139 and its coexistence with the el tor vibrios demonstrated temporal changes in the epidemiology of cholera in bangladesh. we studied cl ... | 1997 | 9276406 |